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The Arctic Indigenous Languages Symposium concluded successfully on October 21, 2008 in Tromsø. Altogether, it attracted 84 participants, including 32 delegates representing five indigenous peoples’ organizations with Arctic Council Permanent Participant status, as well as special guests and speakers, including two territory ministers from Nunavut and Nunatsiavut in Canada, a Cannes film festival award winner, a UNESCO representative from Paris and other Arctic indigenous language experts.

The symposium was significant for two reasons: it was the first time that there has been an Arctic Council symposium focusing on the importance of indigenous languages and their role in maintaining indigenous cultures and supporting the aspirations of indigenous peoples; and it was the first time that a significant Arctic Council meeting has been organized and led by the Permanent Participants. It was an excellent example of cooperation between Permanent Participants and Member States on the Arctic Council.

The symposium was successful in meeting its objectives, which included: sharing best practices; engaging with policy makers and indigenous experts on the state of indigenous languages; exploring the role of language in supporting Arctic-specific knowledge; examining the ways language is transmitted through cultural expression; and developing recommendations on the next steps needed to promote and maintain indigenous languages.

A comprehensive set of recommendations has been adopted, which sets out very clearly what the responsibilities are in keeping indigenous languages alive. The recommendations specifically call for action by the Arctic Council, member states, international organizations and indigenous peoples’ organizations. In particular, the recommendations call on the Arctic Council to lead in, and facilitate, the use of indigenous languages across the Arctic. The Arctic Council, through its Sustainable Development Working Group (SDWG), is also asked to undertake an assessment of Arctic indigenous languages to inform future action on maintaining their vibrancy and diversity.

The recommendations are a reflection of the depth and strength of the views and ideas heard and exchanged over the symposium’s two days. A constant message coming through the discussions very loudly was that good intentions are not enough to keep indigenous languages alive. There has to be action by everyone, supported by significant policy shifts and access to resources. Symposium participants also examined the fundamental human rights associated with the ability to use one’s own language and to have one’s children educated in that language.

The presentations of the various speakers all had something in common: right across the Arctic, the challenges facing indigenous peoples in promoting and keeping their languages alive are very similar. Whether it is a Saami

reindeer herder from Sápmi (in Norway) or an Inuit hunter from Ulukhaktok (in Canada) or an Evenki language teacher from Sakha (in Russia), all are keenly aware of the importance of their own languages in enabling them to express their culture and of how this expression is linked directly to their social and economic well-being.

In short, it is impossible to separate indigenous languages from the identities and ways of life of indigenous peoples. The Arctic Council’s Sustainable Development Working Group must be congratulated for recognizing the importance of indigenous languages to sustainable development, and the Government of Canada, in particular, should be congratulated for not only proposing the symposium, but for providing significant funding, which made it possible.

However, the symposium was just the first step. Now that it has happened and has achieved what it set out to achieve, it is time to move on to the next step. Part of that involves maintaining Member State support for the work that needs to be done. Just as the Arctic ministers meeting in Salekhard in 2006 publicly acknowledged the importance of indigenous languages in their concluding declaration, the Ministers meeting in Tromsø next year must repeat that acknowledgement and preferably along the lines set out in the recommendations presented here.

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coordinating and documenting data on the Arctic 4+ through traditional knowledge and western science. !( He is a past co-chair of the World Conservation & (" Union (IUCN) Arctic Specialist Group Sustainable ! & + Use Initiative. + $ ! ! # # $ ,! " # ) # ! ( %#!# % ! " ! + " (! ! ! % ! % !+ " %! # % ! (" !(! ! ! " + ( # &+ + !% % ! $ "% #! ! % ! ! # ! #% ! + # !#+ + "! !- # ! + ! " % ! ! (% + ( ! " + % ! !. / " " " # !( "* # %! 0+ " ! # ! ! ) % '+ 1+ !% ! $ % !# ! ! # ! " % !) ! !( 2+ ! ! # ! # % ! ) 3+ #! ! #% + + !! !$ ( " ! " (# !) ! !

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# " ! ! ! & " !' $ & # ! ! ! ! && ! # $ & Mary Simon has worked for many years in the area of social justice for Inuit and other indigenous peoples, with a particular focus on children and # ! youth and the preservation of the Inuit language. She # # was the first Canadian Ambassador for Circumpolar & Affairs and played a lead role in the establishment of the Arctic Council. # $$ ! ! & # " $ ! # # & #$& $ ! &

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Puju completed his doctoral studies in linguistics in 1975 and has devoted much of his life to language issues. He co-founded the University of Greenland and taught there as a professor of linguistics and literature. In addition, he has served as Director of Oqaasileriffik/Greenland Language Secretariat, as Chair of Oqaasiliortut/Greenland Language Committee, and as a member of the Nordic Language Council, the Commission for Scientific Investigations for Greenland and the Executive Council of the Inuit Circumpolar Council.

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Alaskan Inuit across the Bering Strait, and she served $" as President of ICC Chukotka from 1994 until 1998. ! ! $!! # # # ! ! $ ! The value of traditional knowledge and the % # traditional cultures through which this knowledge ! has been gained over centuries is being increasingly ! $ understood both inside and outside indigenous # ! # communities. What is less appreciated is the crucial $ !# role played by indigenous languages in protecting $ these cultures and in passing on traditional knowledge to younger generations and the rest of the # world. These issues were addressed by: Tatyana Achirgina, who spoke about the loss of language and $ culture in Chukotka; Ronald H. Brower Sr., who # described the educational initiatives needed to ensure ! ! ! that indigenous languages continue to protect culture and transmit traditional knowledge; Inger Marie Gaup Eira, who used the example of reindeer herding $ to explain how indigenous languages most effectively communicate traditional knowledge; and participants in the general discussion that followed. ! !

Tatyana Achirgina is a professional journalist and $ author of many works on the social and economic $ development of indigenous peoples of Russia. Since ! 1988, she has worked on re-establishing and " coordinating contacts between Russian Yupik and $

! # ! ! ! $ $ !# !#$ # ! # $ $ " $ # ! ! ! "

Ronald H. Brower Sr. served as the first Chairman of the North Slope Borough Home Rule Charter Commission establishing the North Slope Borough, and as Land Chief and President of Ukpeagvik Inupiat Corporation for 8 years. He has served as President of ICC-Alaska and as the founding director of the Inupiat Heritage Centre and currently teaches $& Inupiaq language at the University of Alaska, # Fairbanks. ! % $ ! ! ! ! ! ! !$ $ ! $ $ !! !% " $ ! ! $ ! ! ! ! % $ #! # $

$ #$ #*!""( % !" !" & ! $"! ! ! !" + !"! ( " ! " * &! ! &! !! ! " * !"! Inger Marie Gaup Eira is a Saami reindeer herder %(! $"! ! and a linguist with a Masters Degree in Linguistics, #!& "!!"&!& Saami language. She is currently a PhD student at ! &!"! !"! the Saami University College. $"!&! !& ! "! $* " , (! (# $&( $( " * %!!! "!" # (!! ! $!! ! # !* !"#"( ! # /...! !! * " 0.. 1.. ! &!! $! !! * " !&"! " !& $! &(! '!!"& & ! !$&! ! & ! ! "!" $* "! $! !" ( # !! ,$ $ !! !! $!!$! $ !! * ! "!! !## ! !* * !!!! $ * !$& ! ! ! & ! & "! ) !! ' $ ! /- !" " $& " ! " !!" , ! ( " ! !" " "!$ "!( !&( " ##* ! ($! !!( 0- &"( !" !"! ( !! $( !" !!!"!! !!& ' " "$ ! # !! "# !&* * $ ""!! "& ! ! ! "! ! " $!# ! * !! (! $ &! ! ! "!!#"! ! * %!!! ! ""!! $*" ! ! !# ! !$("!" #" ! ("

#"#$ %%'$#! !&$#!&"$ !'# %-("#!' ) "!!(% %#%! !(! !&$"!"$ #!&%%!%#(%($%# $ %!(!# !&%%$%&$! %&##$!&#$/! #!(#"! %!&%%%( $ %$%$&$ %# % !(!%!((%! $%!"$"!"#! ( -% &"% %!!%%#!( $ %% (# %!$!(%%%%!(($#!( & # !% )% %! .%* ! %#&%%#%#%! !(%!% % "#!%%%#&%&#%%$ % /

%#"#%" %$!&$! % "!#% ! &$ !&$ &$%!!& %% %#%! !(!! & %*#$/ !&$ "#& %! %%$&!& %%! $ $"* "!#% % $$(#%#($ ! (#%% &/##$% $ - &&-$ %%# $%!#$ $! $(#%# %# $## %!$#"% %3542$ %% ($""#($'!" (& %#$(#!% !&%%#)"# $ %# !( !&%% '#! %/! #!(#$% +&"% $#!&$%% "%%!!%%# $%!#$ #!#% !#%!# #%! "$$(*-(%% % %! ! &$ % $!!$/

1# !&#%$% & '&% !'# % !($% "!#% %#! "** !&$ & %"#!%%! ! &%&# %#%! !(*! & &%$%!#*! %$%-$ & '& &%%! $& %$!# &"#!%$- &"% %# !!*%!! ! $ $&#$$ % - $-% $%*- "#$#"%! $/

' $$% '#$%*!%#% $ % % %(!#!&% &$- & 0 #%%%%#$$% $$%!#*0% % ! % $!&$&%$ $!!%!#% % "!#% ! !&$ &-&%&# !(/

#""#"+#! #"% % (' #(" '" ! $ "#"#"# #*!#! 35#""#"!20' !(# ' "!' (#!#*"$*"!" !" "!*!# !" "%" 100! !#" #""#" # !("$24# !'( 6'!%*2008(!# %#" #" !" ",!-,!. $ " #""#"$!!"1870!* *##""" "" "!" As new communications technologies evolve, !" "" indigenous peoples need to find ways to incorporate ""21!""# ' them into everyday usage. This issue was addressed " "" by: Zacharias Kunuk, who argued that film, "#" television and the Internet are excellent tools for ##"# * promoting Inuit culture and languages; Piquk Linda #"# Lee, who described the Rosetta Stone Iñupiaq #"# "! Language CD and the UAF Chukchi campus online #" "!) classes; Per Langgård and Trond Trosterud, who " ""#" explained how computer technologies can help & !!(" " indigenous languages compete in the global village; "!#"( Victoria Spodina, who described the regional " """ multimedia centres in the traditional settlements of "! Khanty-Mansijsk Region; Philip Burgess and Anna "*#""#!"! "!(! *##( Maria Magga, who described the Arctic Portal; and #"!""++"+ ""'* participants in the general discussion that followed. !" $ $&!" #& "$! $# "& $ %$#

Zacharias Kunuk is President and co-founder (1990) $"""! " (!# of Igloolik Isuma Productions, Canada’s first Inuit- !"!"#" ##"# owned, independent production company. He won the !""#"- .# " " "" Camera d’Or at Cannes 2001 for Isuma’s first " * !"#$ feature, Atanarjuat the Fast Runner, and in 2005 ' !#"#"$!"% was awarded the Order of Canada. # #"!%"21!""# ' ""'* % !/25 !##" #!# #"!( $ 5' !"+! "1877" #"( " "#!! #"!"#!

*&- ")(#!!)"(-3 # '()#'+ )$ # "#+" # ") (()($&#&!!"(&#) ')!1)'"+& ''(&"'!((&'(# &&#'((# #)'# '"(& #!!)"('3 ')!5' '(&4+- $&("&'$!#"#*&"!"('1!"" Piquk Linda Lee has spent years transcribing and * #$&'" ")( " !* #$!"( translating oral history related to her by Iñupiaq #&$#&(#"'3 #) ""-69>4#&4 elders and using these stories to produce textbooks ")7&!"(1'! &(#(69>4#&4&(7 for students in middle school and high school. She &!"(#&$) ) "' #*&(+#& 3 currently works for the Nana Regional Corporation and is a member of the Iñupiaq Language &3 )") '((((6##(7!$ !"((#" Commission and the Aqqaluk Trust Board of #( ") (()( ")&#((#"("( Trustees. )"*)( " !&!"('#" -$#'' " (( (."'&$&#*+(%) %) " ''(#(## '#&(&""#&!(#"" ,$ "(("( ,$&''"(3 ')!5''((4#4(4&( ") (()( #&(+'(&( "(+#& '"'" *&'''"( &#"# ' 1#" - '&*'((#!!)"(''&*"$&("&' ") # "3 ')!&"'(#(& ')!&#)(#"' "*) ')"&( " (#&" ")(!,$&('"(#( #;8'$ ( "+( 3&+ *&#'("# /)$% ") $) !("'1&(''(* '1) ()& *"('1 )"( -1(#)( $# ( ('1" ")($&($(#"#"( #*&+ !" +#& '(3& '(#&'1$&'#" ('(!#"' !#&(-#&'"(' ""+*#'- ")(-#)(#) )$ # &# /)$% "&) (&#!*&-#!!)"(-(&#) '"(3 ')!3 "(&#)(+# $&#&!'((& &3 )") "' ")'(#!$&#* )"-"(&#"3 $&'"((#"- $#"("#)((( &'($&#&!+'* #$+"( ""&( /))" %$)(#!!((#( #" #" ")"" #&$#&(#"&%)'()"'&#! #& $&#&!'*" $&#(+(#'(((#"1( ")4 )('#$& 91:88=3 &""'#(+&#!$"-3)""+' ')!+ &*1"' #(#'(((#" /)$% $$&# ")( ")+'#!$ (":88<3*&:88 #&".(#"'" $#(#&$'#'"'&#!( ' " "'(#* #$ &#"+&)'2)(($&#&!#(&+' $&("&'$'(#" )'(#'(((#"5')"*&' (!$ (1 -$& 93 +'(!#'(#'(4(*+-(#$&#)3 #!$"-'$ """ "1+&("" ")#!$&"'#" #&()()&3 ' '" &"+((1)'""(&(* !'3#)&'$ &'+&&(#&#&( '&$("(#'(((#"'(+#& +( (&"' (#&#(" '(!$ ('&$(1"(#&

# ##"! ##*$ # #"# $"#!#(,##" #!%##"#$#",#&!"# /#"#"$"#' # !%&# !!/ $"##"/

" !!&"$&# !/!"#!$' ##$ %!"#("!"$ $" #"%"!$""# % $"""$"% $#!"#!!%$!( !#2$# %13" " $"/##!$ ! #"&%"##0&/ $#(""$"""#!(. $##$#""#"$ !#-" 0 ! '"#" $ -#!"&#'#0 #0" !##( !# $- " !&! $#!#!"#" ! #&"(!#$"$"/ "#"!#&!!""# ! ""###$"!"&##(/ !/!"#!$' ##&#" $""!)#!! Per Langgård is Senior Adviser at Oqaasileriffik – ! the Greenland Language Secretariat. His areas of $"&(## expertise include language technology. Trond # $#! Trosterud heads the centre for Saami language $!"#/( technology at the University of Tromsø. For more #"$"("#,# than ten years, he has worked on language #"("#,# technology for minority languages. "#"("#",# "#&!", ! ! ##'##"& !!"#!$ #"&!"% $!# 5/!&" !"6/ $"$"" $#! $#! ()#&!" #" $#( !#$" # $"/ $!&!"/%$" ( "!$ "$ !#"" !/ ! # ##!"#"#!/ $###$" !&!$"4#( '#&"#&! !! !##( $" "(## " #/ !/!"#!$ % #!$$"4 "#!##&(&#"("##" $!"#( !!( %!#"## # !$"/ #(&(!&!,", #!"! #/$!"(## "# %#&(!$"$"# %" /$####""#&! ##%/###& &$ ! "#!(%! !"!#" #!#!#$" "%!(!",$#"&" $#"#"&# #"(&#(!"$!!$(# #" $#(/

$ )! %% %# $% #&%%%$%$ % # %( $, #)!,$ &% %# %$ & %$ &%&$%%( &$#$ (!# %%&%&# & # %/&%%# $% %( # &$! !$ % ( (*$.%( &%%&%$$#/%$% ! $$% #$!&(# $$ &% &$$$&$-% %# $%$%$ %)% $# (!# ' ( &%%%#% & % %# #&$ $ $, # &$% $ (* % %* %$* $% / ! !$-%(!# ' #& # $&$$ $ #$# % # $%% &% *$#* &%&# % %* %$* #$% $$%** & (#%% & # & %$-%(!# % % &#$- % % #* # &$ #%$%%/ (!# % &$! !$1$ ! % $,$ &$, &$%$, %#!#$$*'#%$ %#!# &%$/ !# ##$ &%'$%$% !#% &% %#$#"&!!(%$%% %% $ $$#*% $&!! #%%&$ % $ !&%#$, % $$#* %%##* &$/ %# $!# '% &$#$/

$/! $%%%#' * #"&$%$# %#% ( $%%($% ' &%$$! %$/$ & %$ ( %% $#$ % $ &%%#(* / Victoria Spodina is a specialist in the languages and $&$%%%!#!$ $$ % $& culture of the Khanty, Mansi and Forest Nenet &$ %#$ &#%# $$% peoples. She is the author of many publications, #&! #( #/ including textbooks on indigenous languages and their teaching methodology.

% #! ! $#% ' ! % # &% %#$ % Philip Burgess works as an advisor to the &$ International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry and is & %$ Project Manager of the Reindeer Portal %*0 $$ (reindeerportal.org), an online information portal on 2 &$$3 circumpolar reindeer husbandry in English, Saami % %$$& and Russian. Anna Maria Magga is from a reindeer %#$ &# % herding family in northern Finland that speaks Saami & %$/ on a daily basis. She is currently studying literature ) %# at the University of Oulu and working for the & %$$ International Centre for Reindeer Husbandry. )!$.%' &% 27/5@;?<3,%' &1$' !&#$$$#%#% #%$ 27/68:C>93 %$%% % *$2=/ 0!# % # +% * 1$$ # 4BA893/ #% , #&#$$ , $&%% !#% (% %##$ %#% & %$( # # &!$, # %

#%! %$0 $$ %$0$&$% # %# % %# # #&$ #* )! %%% 8(((3#%! #%3 #93)! %%% &$ &$ #% #%!# '$ # +% $( # ! #%%$$%%% %#%(%%% $%* % #%%# '$ $%0&%%%% ( 5! #%%$6%% * &$3 % & * ( !#% #$'$%$%# % ( %*!$ !#$ %# &%#% #%2% % %2 %# % %# # #&$ #*1 !&$ 0& 7 # %1& + $,%1 $0% #$83 %$$ % ##*## %$%$1 # #%# * % %# % #% %%1% & #&! # '#$%* % # # #1 % #$ # %#% # !! $$$$ %1 %# $% 90' $0 %#$3 %#%&#0# ! $%$0! %#*0&$0#%0$&$$ $ #3&#$$ %%% #% #* & ! !3 4$% $ ! #% %' & # & % % #$&$$ ( % ' $!' %$% !#$ %% $0!#%! %$)!#$$#% (#& 3 )% % &%%(*$ ( ( #% #%$ % $ &$%# % &$ %% &# &$0 &$3 '#%&' %$0( #' % & 4#%% %%#$$($+%% #% #'( 3 % ! $$%$!#$ %*% #% &$ $!#$ %$$$$ 3( #%%)% &$ % $&! ( #3 -# #3 *! $&0 %0($# $%'% # $%#&$%%# * %#$ %(# (((3#%! #%3 # %(((3$&3%'3 '% %% $&#%*# 4 "&%* &3 #3 -##!%%% #'%%% )%!$$ ' ! % !# #&$$$$ # &$%% & #$% %#% #% &2% $% ! $% #%)%3 #3# $%#&)! %% !#$ % %#%'%0(%!$$ %* %!# #%%)%%*&$0&% !# %$ #% & !# %$0 % %%%#$*$% &$% $!4(% $$ '$ %&$ #$ % $ (#%% 3 $ ! %&% &%#%$!# %$ '1%' ! % '#%& ##$% $ 0 &&0$ (%% $$# 0 &$ %#%' #%( &! $$% &$ '#$ & % 04$% %# %4$ !# #$% %# $% $# &$ # 1 %#%'0#!% $ &% %#3# # $%#&#!%% !$ &% 1 &$ &$ '#$ !# #$#%&*"&%%#' ! #%%3 %%*$4% 4 #% #!* '#$ $' 4%4$3 # -#%% $% #+% $ %!# # &

* $%"%/8%##%$%(* %(& / )$%* $+)# $(/$#* * %$,(*)%$%(* %(& /*%$%* (5$/ ! $%,)! %#&+*()%*-( )&" %$"/0 $ #&" * $%(#* %$5 (5(%)*(+ (&" * *%#&+*()$ $&**($)$ $"/0 $%(#* %$3+** * +#$ $)#+)* $*(&(** $%(#* %$5 ()$()()! %+*- %* ()%+()(%&$)%+(5 (5 (%)*(+ $ ** *""%* $6 %+)-%(! $,(/* $%* $(%#* &+" %# $ (%&$)%+(5 *.*%""* %$)3* %+ 3( $%** ()*% ,-/4$* %#& "()($%* %&$)%+(3* %+ * /("%%! $%(%&$ )%+("*($* ,)5 (5 $1() )(%+& +)))%#(%.%)* *($%*%&$)%+(3 +** $6 %+)%)(%&$)%+(5

$("+())%$$%** ** $%"%/ &(%, )$ $)*(+#$**% "&+)&+*- *- ,"($(%#* &)* $*%* %$$ %##$*%$ %-) # "(-(* , ) %$) + $ )+#$* (* %(*"5) * %( $" %* (* %(*"-)*%(* %##+$ */)'+(% $*(* %$)3 *(%%#)3 $*(* ,&(%(#)#//%+$&%&"3$ )%%$5) /%+$&%&"$*%%"))%* * * /$#!#*( ") $* (%-$"$+)5

%) +)+!)! * ( )*( $ $&(%(# %(&%&"- %-%+"" !*%(*$) ( , %)5 ( ) +$+!(&" * * )%#&$/ ).&( #$* $- * * * $* * *- "" &%)) "*%) (#*( "%* )! $%$" $5

$&(* &$*)!%+*+$ $)%+()%( *($)"* %$)(, )5++) (.&" $* * ) +3$ * ),(/ +"**%!$%- %-*%&&"/*%* ($*&(*)%* %($ 0* %$5+* ) * (-%+""%*% +$ $, ""* (%+ 7)$- %$,$* %$%$+"*+(" ,() */5")% )+)** **( * %$"!$%-" )(",$* *%7)%$,$* %$%(* +( $% * $*$ "+"*+("( *$* * *-%+" "&+"*%&+) (* %+$*( )*%(* /* ) %$,$* %$5

$! !($ &%,)!&$%$%&'+ '%&%!$!&$%'&%$&&! !'% '&'$&($!'%' ($%&%- &!& &)&('*"$ % %&!%$ )&&$!'"-

&%'%%! &&&!!"'$ &$ !! ' %"& & &$!'&! %,%($ & %$!%&!& Shelley Tulloch is an !$$!' - assistant professor of anthropology at Saint $%&,&+!'&&%%"!!&(&$! Mary's University in &&$%"+ &&$ % %%! ! '- Halifax, Canada, $ '*"$&%%$&+""$&, where she teaches '& !&($+$%#'+&&& courses on language !&$%& '- %! ! ' &%,( issues in the North. &$%(' &!!%&$ '- Her PhD dissertation !)($,! &%$!) ' described the linguistic $ %!!'$&$!'!%$(&! !$ situation among Inuit % "++%" )&$% $'+ youth in the Baffin " '"& '- !&$&$!'& region of Nunavut, and '"&!0/.0/$',)%'%&%&& her current research "$&'$)!$!$$ &$' '%& studies the relationship $&) &+& % &) &+$ &)+% between language and community in Nunavut. !$$!$&&!$ - $% &&%! $%) &&+!'&&!$ & % !'&!$' !&$& !'% &$$ & ! +! - '%+ "!%' )%! &( ! ! +,0/&!$0//1-&&+$- +'!,&)(+!'&$"$% & !'%"!"%$! $!%%&$& $%"! !!! (+ '%'%%! ! "' & '%%'% & - ",+($, ' ('& !'&!$' %#,$!),'! )&$!' ! ",$!),'! &$!'&! % ) ! " , ,% &&)(&% %! "!, ''&', ' ('& %$&$ %# ,'& % %,% $!' % ! ,$ (!( & !! ,$ '%%'%- # # , #'&, ' ('& !&+!'&&% ( , )!"$&"& )!!!*!, ' &%('& &!$' %&(+ !% , &,'%% "$! !& %!$$ '-($ )!$!$!!$

) % ! ) # ! # %' "'# " #! %!! !) ' ! %# $#% ! %) ! ' ! " % " %! ! ! ' " % %! ! !) ! # # & ! ! ) ! ' ! # ! % & # %! ! '! ) ! # ! ! % ! !#% ' #) % ) ! ! ! ! $ ! !) % ! &# ! ) ! ) #! ! & )! # ! !) ! '$ # ) # ' % ! ! ' '% ' #) ! ) $ ! ! ! & ! ! # ! %# ! ) ! %% # "' %! " $ ! # % !( %) ! !! • % % + ! %) #! " ! #!) ! * "# ! ! '

! &! $ ) " "!"" !! ) • !" !&" !!& " &" !!&) • " ! !!! ! # !&) $! ! $ ! ! !! &"!! !! ! ! !&$!! " ! ") ! ! ! "! • " ! " $&!!!& !!#) !! • + ! !, ( !'("! ! "! " "& !& % !! ! ) !&!$ !#&! • " ! &" " ! ! $!!) !"!!$&! " )! " &"!!! "% ! "! ! ! "!&!! ""!!#( $!! $ ) $! $ &! ! " ! !! ! " !! "! ) ")!$*& ! ! ! & ! ! "! #"!) • $ !"! !" !#& !!) • * " "!" "!" !& !" ! " ! ! " # !)

" (% %! &$ % "$ $ ' " " % " " '" !% " Arctic peoples have a very close connection to the " natural environment. Indigenous languages can play a critical role in disseminating traditional knowledge $ of the changing Arctic environment and in helping the world to address the problem of climate change. " The importance of holding on to the traditional % knowledge embedded in unique indigenous languages was addressed by: Hishinlai’ Kathy R. Sikorski, who argued that effective language instruction is key to % the survival of indigenous cultures; Gunn-Britt Retter, who showed that there is international recognition of the fact that indigenous languages contain crucial knowledge of complex ecosystems; Vera Kingeekuk-Metcalf, who spoke of the importance of indigenous languages, cultures and identities in the context of Arctic research; and participants in the general discussion that followed. ' #& $"'

! % # ! Hishinlai’ Kathy R. Sikorski teaches Gwich’in at the % university level. Her current research focuses on "$ $" classroom cultures that are conducive to indigenous % language learning and on language learners who are motivated to learn their ancestral language.

& "% " $ &$ "' "

%!"#("$#!# #"*"* !!""#!"("#".#"$# $!!"$!#(*"* !"!&#!*"#!* #(%!#&#%, #" #%""# !###!#&* %#" !#"$" " (#!#"#("!%#!# "!%#"$"#$" Gunn-Britt Retter is head of the Arctic and %!"#(,##"#%*# !#"# Environmental Unit of the Saami Council, co-vice- #%#%%"#&! chair of the Arctic Council’s Sustainable #!!#"##$"#!"$"# Development Working Group (SDWG), and a %!"#(#$!"" !" member of the Saami Parliament in Norway. She is $"$", &#! also involved in work related to the Convention on % ##"#!, Biological Diversity (CBD) in her position as co- chair of the International Indigenous Forum on ", ##!' ###!##" Biodiversity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era Kingeekuk-Metcalf serves on the U.S. Arctic ( '(%""'',%"'%'*"/,""#' Research Commission and has served as the Director &$%'/#$%&%)( '(%."'',!(&' of the Eskimo Walrus Commission (EWC) with $%&%)/#$%&%)"'',.$#$ 1& Kawerak, Inc. since 2002. She works to promote &$%'( &. "("'%'#"&.&(& local community participation in research and has &"".%(!!"""".!(&' begun several community-based projects $%&%)/#!!("',&$ *% documenting local, traditional, ecological knowledge "(.( '(%""'',% $')' / and resource management practices. '!' ,.&&.""#(&#!!("'& !(&')#""'''% "(&' "%*#% *'' !#&'')#"'#(&"'''* &%) //%'&% '%"'%&'&#%,%&'##!/ #!!&&#""' & !# %(& #!!&&#".% " ( 0 ' $&'#"&(%'' "'"% &(&&#"# #*"'#) ""#(& $%&"''#"&.$%'$"'&$%!% ,#(&&#" #!!("'& ' "&&&#'*''"" $%'$'"%&% %""""#(& "(&/ $%#'&''% % )"''#'% (! & #)&&%*' ', "'%&'&/%!"& #%& 1&$#"''' "(& %"&'" &"'&'&''' % 0 #"'+'&/", "#)& &/ %'&#!'# #%& #(''%&#(%&&(&&'#( %

$)&''#+'($!(((&&&#(' )##1& ((((&' '! ($#%($ * !!/)((((&&!'$"#-& !#)#)!()& # #'%&!0 &'$)&'* !!$#! #/')' ( $#& '0 +$#&' ' '%& * &#(!-$& ' #'+#''% '" *&')' '0 $&' (((& ')'$&($ $&+ #0#$(((( #'%& ! (-$ %$%!+$#( # #$)'!#)'# !#)#)!()& '# "%$&(#((($ ((*&-$#(('-"%$' )"")'($$" $#' & #)( $#%&$&"'0(( #$'$"( #($#')&((( & !&# &( !#)'&!! # &#(' ()( $#'/# #&# !&#!&#( &"$(&($#)0 $' ()&&#(' ()( $##((-%$%&$&"' )') )#&! #(#$& # #$)' #($&* (! .(!#)")'( (&'/'- #(( # ',%& #/( #) ( (&" # #'0 #" &'/(&& (&' #)#*)(* &,%(( $#'$ !$('$%&$&"'/)($&('!'$")'("($ #) ('()#('(#('$)(&#(&'0 %(!#)3$$!4#! *0

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Property Organization and UNESCO and has been a %" research fellow at the Nordic Saami Institute, Kautokeino, Norway and a visiting researcher at the University of Finnish Lapland in Rovanemi, Finland. !",!"!("$""# !"# #(# ## !## #"$" "1002+ "# $#!"# !" $ %#%$!# !#* "$"# %#!. ##"/#."# &+/!# $"# !## "##### "$"! $+ !#"#*$## ""!# Community efforts to promote indigenous languages #"+ need to be reinforced by appropriate legislation that recognizes the value and uniqueness of each Arctic !+!%"%!#!' " indigenous language. Ways to ensure that !#"##"#( "+ appropriate standards are set also need to be ! $%#"' explored and implemented. These issues were $##!!&##%"#)"# addressed by: Lars-Anders Baer, who described the !$#!"#!##$"#!#% process of moving from good intentions to hard law; $&$#&#$#!#" Svetlana Semenova, who explained that better tools #! !$#!"*#$"# are needed to implement language laws in Russia; #$"%!(#%#+" and Louis Tapardjuk, who described the process of "* !+!#### !"" moving forward to implement the dream of protecting "#!)#$" and promoting the Inuit language. $# #(# !" !##"+"' !"" ## #! ! ! $#!#(& "#% ! !!$"$"+ $! !#! ! !#( $""#!' !# Lars Anders Baer is a reindeer herder and the Arctic ## ""!##"+!#!" representative at the United Nations Permanent %#"## !## Forum on Indigenous Issues. He is also involved in !#!!#($"" indigenous-related matters at the World Intellectual #!#" #$! -"$#$!!#

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

Svetlana Semenova has a PhD in pedagogy with a major in indigenous education. Currently she is the Head of the Federal State Institute of Nationalities’ Schools of the Republic of Saha-Yakutiya. '% ' *$# /$&!! #%!# %% ' ! $ $ ## ###$0# (% )! %%% $%#% $ (* . ##% # % #$! $ # % $ $(# '# & %%& #(%%#$, &$ &$#%&%, %%%#$ %#*# %%#% ' , % !#% &$

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ouis Tapardjuk was elected to the second Nunavut $$ % Legislature in the 2004 Territorial Elections. He was $ '%& !& subsequently elected to Cabinet by his colleagues and %. !!&$ was appointed Minister of Culture, Language, Elders "$!( !$&$$&!$+% $ &% $ and Youth (CLEY) and Minister of Human Resources &! !'&!$&++$ &. (HR). As Minister, he was responsible for the recent passing of the Inuit Language Protection Act for Nunavut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