1. RECONSTRUCTION
RECONSTRUCTION WAS THE PROCESS OF REUNITING THE NATION AND REBUILDING THE SOUTHERN STATES, LASTING FROM AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1865 TO 1877. 2. JUNETEENTH
ON JUNE 19, 1865, GENERAL GORDON GRANGER ISSUED AN ORDER IN GALVESTON, TEXAS PROCLAIMING THAT ALL SLAVES WERE FREED. TEXANS CELEBRATE THIS HOLIDAY AS JUNETEENTH. 3. 13TH AMENDMENT
THE 13TH AMENDMENT TO THE CONSTITUTION ABOLISHED SLAVERY. 4. FREEDMEN’S BUREAU
CONGRESS CREATED THE FREEDMEN’S BUREAU TO PROVIDE HELP AND LEGAL AID TO FREEDPEOPLE. TH 5. 14 AMENDMENT
THE 14TH AMENDMENT GUARANTEED AFRICAN AMERICANS U.S. CITIZENSHIP AND EQUAL RIGHTS AS WILL ALL CITIZENS. 6. CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION
UNDER TERMS OF CONGRESSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION, THE SOUTH WOULD BE DIVIDED INTO 5 MILITARY DISTRICTS. 7. RADICAL REPUBLICANS MOVE IN NORTHERNERS WHO MOVED SOUTH AFTER THE WAR WERE CALLED “CARPETBAGGERS” BECAUSE OF THE LUGGAGE THEY CARRIED. 8. RADICAL REPUBLICANS MOVE IN
“SCALAWAG” WAS A TERM FOR ANY SOUTHERNER WHO SUPPORTED THE REPUBLICANS AND THEIR PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION. “SCALAWAGS” MEANT “MEAN FELLOWS” AND WERE CONSIDERED TRAITORS TO THE SOUTH. 9. PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON
• PRESIDENT JOHNSON DID NOT AGREE WITH THE CONGRESSIONAL REPUBLICANS’ PLANS FOR RECONSTRUCTION. • JOHNSON’S PLAN SAID THE STATES WOULD HAVE TO CREATE A PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT BEFORE IT COULD REJOIN THE UNION. 10. BLACK CODES
BLACK CODES WERE PASSED TO DENY AFRICAN AMERICANS THEIR CIVIL RIGHTS. 11. SUFFRAGE
• THE 15TH AMENDMENT GAVE AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES SUFFRAGE, OR VOTING RIGHTS. • THE TEXAS CONSTITUTION OF 1876 EXPANDED VOTING RIGHTS BY ALLOWING ALL MEN, REGARDLESS OF RACE, TO VOTE. 12. JIM CROW CONTINUED
IN 1883, THE SUPREME COURT RULED THAT PRIVATE BUSINESSES AND INDIVIDUALS WERE FREE TO ACT AS THEY WISHED AND SO ALLOWED THE JIM CROW SYSTEM TO CONTINUE. 13. SHARECROPPERS AND TENANT FARMS
• SHARECROPPERS RENTED BOTH LAND AND SUPPLIES IN EXCHANGE FOR A PORTION OF THE CROPS GROWN AND WERE OFTEN IN CYCLE OF POVERTY. • LOW CROP PRICES MEANT THAT TENANT FARMERS WITH GOOD HARVESTS WOULD STILL OWE MONEY TO THE LANDOWNER. 14. SHARECROPPERS AND TENANT FARMS
• BAD WEATHER OR CROP DISEASE COULD MEAN THAT A TENANT FARMER WOULD HAVE A POOR HARVEST. • IF A TENANT FARMER HAD A POOR HARVEST, HE HAD TO TAKE OUT LOANS TO COVER HIS COSTS. STUDY FOR YOUR TEST!