NAME DATE CLASS Chapter Summary Reconstruction Lesson 1: Presidential Reconstruction • Because most of the Civil War had taken place in the South, the South was in ruins after the Civil War. • President Lincoln and Congress began Reconstruction, a plan to rebuild and restore the South to the Union. • Although no major battles had occurred in Texas, it faced economic obstacles and social division. • President Lincoln, wanting to restore the South as quickly as possible, set up provisional governments until readmission to the United States. • President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was closely modeled after Lincoln’s. • When General Gordon Granger arrived in Texas in June of 1865, he announced the emancipation of enslaved Texans. In the years that followed, African Americans observed the day as Juneteenth. • The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help freedmen acquire necessary skills and find jobs. • President Johnson appointed Unionist Andrew Hamilton to lead the provisional government in Texas. • Hamilton called for a constitutional convention that would write a new state constitution. • Many former Confederates were returned to power and while the amended Texas constitution did abolish slavery, it did not grant African Americans equal rights. • The state legislature refused to ratify the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments and enacted black codes that restricted the rights of African Americans. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education.

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Chapter Summary cont. Reconstruction

Lesson 2: Congressional Reconstruction • Northern leaders insisted that Southern states reapply for admission to the Union and thought Congress should control Reconstruction. • Former Confederates and secessionists filled top government positions in Texas, angering the Northerners. • A group known as the Radical Republicans gained strength in Congress as many Northerners thought President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan was too lenient. • The Radical Republicans wanted to make the requirements for readmission to the Union tougher, and they wanted to protect the rights of the freed people. • President Johnson tried to resist the Radical Republicans, but they won the majority in both Houses in 1866. • The Radical Republicans put the Southern states under military rule until they met the requirements for readmission. • When General Charles Griffin was put in charge of Texas, he replaced all former Confederate leaders with Republicans. • When the Ku Klux Klan came to Texas, they tried through violence and intimidation to stop African Americans from voting and to discourage Reconstruction efforts. • The Constitution of 1869 granted freedmen the right to vote, attend public school, and hold office. • During his time in office, Governor Davis and the Texas legislature improved Texas roads, set up a public school system, and created a state police force. Many Texans protested the higher taxes that resulted from increased government spending to fund these policies. • After Democrats won a majority of the state legislature in 1872, they immediately took steps to reduce the governor’s power. They also abolished the state police force. Democrat Richard Coke was elected governor in a controversial election in 1873. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Education.

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