DOCSLIB.ORG

HISTORY of the SOUTHERN LOYALISTS' CONVENTION By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HISTORY of the SOUTHERN LOYALISTS' CONVENTION By HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN LOYALISTS’ CONVENTION By KAREN MICHELLE MALLOY A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2006 Copyright 2006 by Karen Michelle Malloy This document is dedicated to my parents for all their love and support. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I want to thank Dr. J. Matthew Gallman for introducing me to the relevancy of the Southern Loyalists’ Convention to the era of Reconstruction. I am also indebted to Dr. Elizabeth Dale for her steady guidance, suggestions, criticism, and encouragement in developing the body of this work. Dr. Harland-Jacobs’ editorial skills and insights were invaluable to me as well. I appreciate the patience and commitment afforded me by each of the above and am eternally grateful. Lastly, I would like to thank my family for their support and advice and gentle pushes to finish what I start. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... vi CHAPTER 1 A CALL FOR CONVENTION....................................................................................1 2 A GAP IN THE HISTORIOGRAPHY ......................................................................15 3 THE SOUTHERN LOYALISTS’ CONVENTION...................................................34 4 AFTERMATH AND CONCLUSIONS .....................................................................73 LIST OF REFERENCES...................................................................................................91 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................................95 v Abstract of Thesis Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts HISTORY OF THE SOUTHERN LOYALISTS’ CONVENTION By Karen Michelle Malloy May 2006 Chair: Elizabeth Dale Major Department: History The History of the Southern Loyalists’ Convention is a study of an event that has been neglected by historians of the Reconstruction era. This neglect does not do justice to the significance that the Convention had. At a time when most of the nation was satisfied with the course of Reconstruction, a group of Southern loyalists decided to take matters into their own hands and tell the nation what was needed for the nation to be completely and satisfactorily reconstructed. This included a change from President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan to Congressional Reconstruction. Support for the Fourteenth Amendment, granting citizenship rights to African Americans, was unanimous. A number of the delegates were also in support of enfranchising the African American population, an issue that was so controversial that it split the Convention before the final day. vi CHAPTER 1 A CALL FOR CONVENTION Shall loyalty or disloyalty have the keeping of the destinies of the nation?1 On 3 September 1866, an oft-neglected event in the history of Reconstruction convened amid tremendous controversy, and for one week some of the most pressing issues of the day were discussed and debated. The Southern Loyalists’ Convention, as it was officially dubbed, proved to be a foreshadowing of much of the conversation that would occur during the course of Reconstruction. Despite its significance to the era, the Convention has received very little attention from historians as they began interpreting the events surrounding Reconstruction. The call for the Southern Loyalists’ Convention, set to meet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was issued on 4 July 1866 from Washington, D.C. by a group of Southern loyalists who were unsatisfied with the results of Reconstruction up to this point. A patriotic day for the Union, the Fourth of July held a rather negative connotation for the former Confederate States of America. July 4, 1863 not only marked the Confederate surrender of Vicksburg, Mississippi after a three and a half month long siege by the Union forces, but it was also the date that the Confederate forces retreated from Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, an event which, for some, marked the turning point in the 1 The Reporter: A Periodical Devoted to Religion, Law, and Public Events, 17 September 1866. 1 2 Civil War leading to the eventual Union victory. Because of the Confederate defeats on that day it was years before the fourth of July was celebrated in the South.2 Hoping to help initiate some changes, the authors of the call urged loyalists from across the South and the Border States to meet for the purpose of “demanding protection to every citizen of the great Republic on the basis of equality before the law.” Furthermore, they declared that no state should be readmitted into the Union without offering “impartial protection.” They also hoped to recommend “measures for the establishment of such government in the South as accords with and protects the rights of citizens.”3 In order to understand why this group of Southern loyalists decided that the Convention was necessary and what they hoped to accomplish, it is necessary to consider the events leading up to the call. This will also help introduce the significance the Convention had for the era. Southern loyalists were not the only group discontented with Reconstruction. They were joined in their displeasure by the radical Republicans in Congress. Of course, 1866 was not the beginning of the troubles. From the moment President Lincoln issued his Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in December 1863, Reconstruction was hotly contested. Lincoln’s Proclamation offered a full pardon to anyone who had participated in the Civil War on the side of the Confederacy if they were willing to take an oath of future loyalty to the Union and had not been civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the Confederacy. Furthermore, it provided for the restoration of the seceded 2 Geoffrey C. Ward with Ric Burns and Ken Burns, The Civil War: An Illustrated History, (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 240-242. 3 The Reporter, 17 September 1866. 3 states when ten percent of a state’s antebellum electorate had pledged loyalty to the Union. This Proclamation, the “ten percent plan,” met with the immediate opposition of radical senators in Congress who proposed a different plan for Reconstruction drafted by Senators Benjamin F. Wade and Henry Winter Davis. Lincoln’s plan for Reconstruction was quite moderate; the one proposed by Wade and Davis was radical in its requirements. The Wade-Davis Bill provided that each of the States of the Confederacy would be temporarily ruled by a military governor and required fifty percent, rather than Lincoln’s ten percent, of a state’s white male citizens to take a loyalty oath. When this happened, delegates would be elected to a state convention that would be required to repudiate secession and abolish slavery. Delegates to the convention had to take an “iron-clad oath,” in which they asserted that they had never voluntarily supported the Confederacy. Only after all of the requirements had been met would the State be readmitted to the Union. The Wade-Davis Bill passed both the House of Representatives and the Senate, but Lincoln refused to sign the bill into law.4 These opposing plans did not mark the beginning of Reconstruction, which actually began the moment the Civil War commenced. But it was not until the Emancipation Proclamation, issued in its final form on 1 January 1863, that the nation first began to realize the dramatic changes Reconstruction would bring, although in a limited form. For all its significance, without a Union victory in the Civil War the Proclamation would have been nothing more than scrap paper because it only freed the slaves in those states that were rebelling against the Union. The Proclamation was only a war measure that, according to Lincoln, would have ceased the moment the war ended. It required a 4 Kenneth M. Stampp, The Era of Reconstruction, 1865-1877 (New York: Vintage Books, 1965), 39-40. 4 constitutional amendment to make this measure permanent, and the Thirteenth Amendment, abolishing slavery in the United States, was ratified in 1865.5 The abolition of slavery drastically altered southern society, but it was a change that many southern whites were not willing to accept. To keep a semblance of slavery and the life that they had grown accustomed to, Southern States implemented a series of laws shortly after the close of the Civil War. The “black codes,” as they came to be known, were intended to control former slaves’ everyday life.6 Changing a slave society to one based on the free labor ideology of the Republican Party was not an easy transition. According to this ideology, anyone, through his or her own volition, could better his or her position in life. Southern whites of all classes, intent on keeping African Americans in a position of subordination, sought various means to prevent them from obtaining the advantages of free labor and used the black codes to this end. During the Civil War, Lincoln had not sought civil or political rights for African Americans. His plan for reunion emphasized a speedy restoration, not a long drawn out process of reconstruction, and consistent with this, his administration had helped loyal governments form in Virginia, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee even before the end of the War. Lincoln
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Social Studies Mini-Unit the Reconstruction Era
    Social Studies Mini-Unit The Reconstruction Era Goal: These lessons focus on both national and local personal narratives from the Reconstruction Period. Let these stories help you decide what characteristics a community, a leader or an individual would need during this time period. Materials: Computer with internet, writing materials Instruction: Following the Civil War, the Reconstruction Period began within our country an immense new chapter for social reform with the definition of freedom for debate. People began to rebuild the South and try to unite the states, but newly freed persons were seeking ways to build their own futures in a still hostile environment. Dive into these lessons to learn more about individuals of the time. Lesson 1: Lincoln Originals This online exhibition features digital scans of primary historical documents in Abraham Lincoln’s hand, or signed by him, drawn from the diverse manuscript holdings at Cincinnati Museum Center. 1. Explore the Lincoln Originals Online Exhibit 2. Read the Emancipation Proclamation Fact Sheet [linked here] a. Extension: Review the 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments which are considered the Reconstruction Amendments. 3. Journal Entry: What characteristics defined President Lincoln? a. Write a persuasive argument in the form of a letter addressed to a past president (or the current administration) outlining an important issue and what you believe the correct course of action is and why. Cite evidence to support your case. 4. Extension Option: Research Lincoln’s Ten-Percent Plan, a plan for reconstruction, versus the Wade-Davis Bill, which was a Radical Republican plan for reconstruction. Explore the similarities and differences of these two documents.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Lincoln Papers
    Abraham Lincoln papers 1 From Britton A. Hill to Abraham Lincoln , October 3, 1864 1 Britton A. Hill practiced law in Washington with Orville Hickman Browning after the latter had been unseated in the Senate in 1863 by a Democratic Illinois General Assembly. Confidential Washington Oct 3d, 1864 Mr President; 2 It gives me great pleasure to state, that Mr Browning has been misrepresented as to his speech 3 4 in Quincy— “He merely said, that if Genl. Fremont or Genl McClellan were elected he would not commit suicide; but would endeavor to support the govt faithfully, as he had done under your 5 administration”. He has spoken always in favor of yr administration & reelection. 2 Orville H. Browning 3 At the end of May 1864 a convention primarily composed of Radical Republicans and German-Americans met at Cleveland and nominated General John C. Fremont for the presidency. Fremont withdrew from the campaign in September. 4 General George B. McClellan was the 1864 presidential nominee of the Democratic Party. 5 Republicans were eager to obtain Browning's endorsement, but his support for Lincoln's reelection was lukewarm at best. In an October 3, 1864 letter to William D. Henderson, Browning stated his desire to see the rebellion crushed, however he refused to endorse either Lincoln or McClellan. While Browning admired McClellan's patriotism, he could not support the platform of the party that had nominated him. This refusal to support the so-called “peace plank” of the Democratic platform was the closest Browning came to an endorsement of Lincoln. Browning's letter to Henderson was published in the newspapers and Republican wags spun it as an endorsement.
    [Show full text]
  • H.Doc. 108-224 Black Americans in Congress 1870-2007
    “The Negroes’ Temporary Farewell” JIM CROW AND THE EXCLUSION OF AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM CONGRESS, 1887–1929 On December 5, 1887, for the first time in almost two decades, Congress convened without an African-American Member. “All the men who stood up in awkward squads to be sworn in on Monday had white faces,” noted a correspondent for the Philadelphia Record of the Members who took the oath of office on the House Floor. “The negro is not only out of Congress, he is practically out of politics.”1 Though three black men served in the next Congress (51st, 1889–1891), the number of African Americans serving on Capitol Hill diminished significantly as the congressional focus on racial equality faded. Only five African Americans were elected to the House in the next decade: Henry Cheatham and George White of North Carolina, Thomas Miller and George Murray of South Carolina, and John M. Langston of Virginia. But despite their isolation, these men sought to represent the interests of all African Americans. Like their predecessors, they confronted violent and contested elections, difficulty procuring desirable committee assignments, and an inability to pass their legislative initiatives. Moreover, these black Members faced further impediments in the form of legalized segregation and disfranchisement, general disinterest in progressive racial legislation, and the increasing power of southern conservatives in Congress. John M. Langston took his seat in Congress after contesting the election results in his district. One of the first African Americans in the nation elected to public office, he was clerk of the Brownhelm (Ohio) Townshipn i 1855.
    [Show full text]
  • LINCOLN's OFFICIAL FAMILY-Bffiuography
    LINCOLN LORE Bulletin of the Lincoln National Life Foundation -- --- Dr. Louis A. WarreniEditor Published each week by The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, ndlana Number 753 FORT WAYNE, INDIANA September 13, 1943 LINCOLN'S OFFICIAL FAMILY-BffiUOGRAPHY Sometimes the appearance of a new Salmon P. Chase, 1861-1864 Seward, F. W., Stward at Wa8hington book will call to the attention of the 1.18 Senat<w and Secretary of State, public a considerable number of titles Schuckers, J. W., Life and Public Serv· ices of Salm<m Portland Clwse, 1846·1881, 650pp., 1891. with which it may be classified. Gideon Seward, F. W., Seward at Washington \Velles, Lincoln's Navy Department, 669pp., 1874. is such a book. Chase, S. P., AgaimJt tl~ Re,Jealof the as Sent~.t<w and Secretary of State, Missottri Prohibition of Suwery, 1861-187!, 561pp., 1891. Just outside the pale which separates 16pJ>., 1854. Bancroft, F., Life of William H. Sew· Lincolniana from a general library is ard, 2 vols., 1900. an indefinite number of books called Luthin, R. H., Salmon P. Chase'tt P(}o­ collateral items. A bibliography of this litical Career Bef&re the Civil ll'ar. Seward, 0. R., William H. Seward's (23) pp., 1943. Travel• Arormd the World, 730pp., large number of Lincoln J'cference 1873. items has never been attempted, except Chase, S. P., Diary and Cor-rcttpon· in Civil War compilations, where many tlence of S. P. Cl1.0.11c, 2 vols., 1903. Seward, W. H., Recent SpeecJwg and of them properly belong, yet, most of Writing• of William H.
    [Show full text]
  • Treason on Trial: the United States V. Jefferson Davis'
    H-Nationalism Walser on Icenhauer-Ramirez, 'Treason on Trial: The United States v. Jefferson Davis' Review published on Monday, March 29, 2021 Robert Icenhauer-Ramirez. Treason on Trial: The United States v. Jefferson Davis. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2019. 376 pp. $55.00 (cloth),ISBN 978-0-8071-7080-9. Reviewed by Heather C. Walser (The Pennsylvania State University) Published on H-Nationalism (March, 2021) Commissioned by Evan C. Rothera (University of Arkansas - Fort Smith) Printable Version: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=56425 In Treason on Trial: The United States v. Jefferson Davis, Robert Icenhauer-Ramirez explores why the United States failed to prosecute Jefferson Davis for treason in the years following the US Civil War. When federal troops arrested the former Confederate president outside of Irwinville, Georgia, in the early morning hours of May 10, 1865, few questioned whether Davis would face treason charges. Considering Davis’s role as the leader of the Confederacy, accusations about his involvement in the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, and President Andrew Johnson’s well-known stance regarding the need to make treason “odious,” prosecution of Davis seemed inevitable. But as Icenhauer-Ramirez skillfully demonstrates, any efforts to successfully try Davis for treason hinged on the capabilities and willingness of multiple individuals involved in the prosecution. According toTreason on Trial, the inability of the prosecution to determine when and where Davis should be tried, the reluctance of Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase to actively participate in the case in his role as judge, and the skillful use of the countless delays by Davis’s attorneys and wife crippled the prosecution and resulted in Davis’s release from federal custody in December 1868 as a free, and fully pardoned, man.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky African Americans and the Constitution
    Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky African Americans and the Constitution Kentucky African American Heritage Commission Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Collection of Essays Abraham Lincoln, Kentucky African Americans and the Constitution Kentucky African American Heritage Commission Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Collection of Essays Kentucky Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Kentucky Heritage Council © Essays compiled by Alicestyne Turley, Director Underground Railroad Research Institute University of Louisville, Department of Pan African Studies for the Kentucky African American Heritage Commission, Frankfort, KY February 2010 Series Sponsors: Kentucky African American Heritage Commission Kentucky Historical Society Kentucky Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission Kentucky Heritage Council Underground Railroad Research Institute Kentucky State Parks Centre College Georgetown College Lincoln Memorial University University of Louisville Department of Pan African Studies Kentucky Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission The Kentucky Abraham Lincoln Bicentennial Commission (KALBC) was established by executive order in 2004 to organize and coordinate the state's commemorative activities in celebration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of President Abraham Lincoln. Its mission is to ensure that Lincoln's Kentucky story is an essential part of the national celebration, emphasizing Kentucky's contribution to his thoughts and ideals. The Commission also serves as coordinator of statewide efforts to convey Lincoln's Kentucky story and his legacy of freedom, democracy, and equal opportunity for all. Kentucky African American Heritage Commission [Enabling legislation KRS. 171.800] It is the mission of the Kentucky African American Heritage Commission to identify and promote awareness of significant African American history and influence upon the history and culture of Kentucky and to support and encourage the preservation of Kentucky African American heritage and historic sites.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Updated: 1/4/2019 2:21 PM
    1 HISTORICAL FILES, Subject and Biographical A – Miscellaneous Abert, James Actors and Actresses Adair, John Adams Papers Adams, Daniel (Mrs.) Adkins, Betty Lawrence African American Genealogy African American History African Americans African Americans – Indiana African Americans – Kentucky African Americans – Louisville Ahrens, Theo (Jr.) Ainslie, Hew Alexander, Barton Stone Ali, Muhammad Allensworth, Allen Allison, John S. Allison, Young E. - Jr. & Sr. Almanacs Altsheller, Brent Alves, Bernard P. American Heritage American Letter Express Co. American Literary Manuscripts American Revolution American Revolution - Anecdotes American Revolution - Soldiers Amish - Indiana Anderson, Alex F. (Ship - Caroline) Anderson, James B. Anderson, Mary Anderson, Richard Clough Anderson, Robert Anderson, William Marshall Anderson, William P. Updated: 1/4/2019 2:21 PM 2 Andressohn, John C. Andrew's Raid (James J. Andrews) Antiques - Kentucky Antiquities - Kentucky Appalachia Applegate, Elisha Archaeology - Kentucky Architecture and Architects Architecture and Architects – McDonald Bros. Archival Symposium - Louisville (1970) Archivists and Archives Administration Ardery, Julia Spencer (Mrs. W. B.) Ark and Dove Arnold, Jeremiah Arthur Kling Center Asbury, Francis Ashby, Turner (Gen.) Ashland, KY Athletes Atkinson, Henry (Gen.) Audubon State Park (Henderson, KY) Augusta, KY Authors - KY Authors - KY - Allen, James Lane Authors - KY - Cawein, Madison Authors - KY - Creason, Joe Authors - KY - McClellan, G. M. Authors - KY - Merton, Thomas Authors - KY - Rice, Alice Authors - KY - Rice, Cale Authors - KY - Roberts, Elizabeth Madox Authors - KY - Sea, Sophie F. Authors - KY - Spears, W. Authors - KY - Still, James Authors - KY - Stober, George Authors - KY - Stuart, Jesse Authors - KY - Sulzer, Elmer G. Authors - KY - Warren, Robert Penn Authors - Louisville Auto License Automobiles Updated: 1/4/2019 2:21 PM 3 Awards B – Miscellaneous Bacon, Nathaniel Badin, Theodore (Rev.) Bakeless, John Baker, James G.
    [Show full text]
  • Episode 113: a Place Worse Than Hell Week of December 2 – 8, 1862
    Episode 113: A Place Worse Than Hell Week of December 2 – 8, 1862 http://civilwar150.longwood.edu “If there is a worse place than hell,” Lincoln told a visitor in December 1862, “I am in it.” The fall state and congressional elections had not gone well. Radical Republicans, angered that the President had remained loyal to McClellan so long, failed to campaign wholeheartedly, leaving the field to the Democrats, who accused the administration of incompetence on the battlefield and of unconstitutional abuse of its power, both in curbing dissent and in daring to speak of freeing slaves. Asked for his reaction to all this bad news, Lincoln said he felt like the boy who stubbed his toe – he was too big to cry, and it hurt too much to laugh. “The fact is that the country is done for unless something is done at once…..” said Senator Zachariah Chandler. “The President is a weak man, too weak for the occasion, and those fool or traitor generals are wasting time and yet more precious blood in indecisive battles and delays.” Rumors circulated that Lincoln would resign in favor of Vice President Hannibal Hamlin, and that McClellan would somehow be recalled to Washington to assume dictatorial power. This attack on his leadership by men of his own party at such a critical time deeply distressed Lincoln: “We are now on the brink of destruction,” he told an aide. “It appears to me that the Almighty is against us.” Generally the public press supported the President. The Washington Chronicle saw “a perfect balance of thoroughly sound faculties, great calmness of temper, firmness of purpose, supreme moral principle and intense patriotism”.
    [Show full text]
  • Badges of Slavery : the Struggle Between Civil Rights and Federalism During Reconstruction
    University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2013 Badges of slavery : the struggle between civil rights and federalism during reconstruction. Vanessa Hahn Lierley 1981- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lierley, Vanessa Hahn 1981-, "Badges of slavery : the struggle between civil rights and federalism during reconstruction." (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 831. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/831 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BADGES OF SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM DURING RECONSTRUCTION By Vanessa Hahn Liedey B.A., University of Kentucky, 2004 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY May 2013 BADGES OF SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM DURING RECONSTRUCTION By Vanessa Hahn Lierley B.A., University of Kentucky, 2004 A Thesis Approved on April 19, 2013 by the following Thesis Committee: Thomas C. Mackey, Thesis Director Benjamin Harrison Jasmine Farrier ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband Pete Lierley who always showed me support throughout the pursuit of my Master's degree.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War Drama Circle Directions: the Entire Class Will Sit in a Large Circle
    Civil War Drama Circle Directions: The entire class will sit in a large circle. Each student will preview a card for fluency/understanding. Students are expected to stand and go to the middle of the circle to act out their part of the Drama Circle. Practice with students first, and then perform the Drama Circle from Beginning to end. 1. (Start Card) 2. After Harriet Tubman sings, Say in a booming voice, “I am stand and say (like a Harriet Tubman leading gentleman), “I am Frederick slaves to freedom on the Douglass, abolitionist and Underground Railroad”, and friend of Lincoln, please lend sing one line of “Follow the me an ear.” (Hold your hand Drinking Gourd.” to your ear) 3. When Frederick Douglass 4. After Lincoln writes the says to listen, pretend to sit Emancipation Proclamation and write and say, “Abraham say, “I am Harriet Beecher Lincoln here, writing the Stowe, abolitionist and Emancipation Proclamation author of Uncle Tom’s to free the slaves.” “I must Cabin.” “My book will bring end slavery and keep the the evils of slavery to light.” United States together.” (Do a curtsey with your dress) 5. When Stowe curtsies, say “I 6. After Sojourner Truth gives am Sojourner Truth; I her speech (March to the escaped from slavery and circle) and say, “Ulysses S. became an abolitionist and Grant at your service; I am fought for women’s rights.” the General of the Union (With one arm extended) Army and will later become say, “Truth is powerful and it president of the United prevails.” States.” (March back to seat) 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Of the Civil War” Worksheet
    AMERICAN HISTORY 1 – PACKET #3 COVER SHEET Activities #22-#30 ACTIVITY INTRODUCTION/DIRECTIONS Crash Course US History #13—Youtube #21 All Men Are CreateD Equal: Power Point anD Notes The Era of Good Feelings: #22 PPT, Notes anD Worksheet Crash Course US History #14 #23 The Age of Jackson: PPT, notes and worksheet Crash Course US History #16 #24 Changing Culture in America: PPT, notes anD worksheet Crash Course US History #15 #25 Reform Movements of the 1800s: PPT, notes anD worksheet Crash Course US History #17 #26 Manifest Destiny: PPT, notes anD worksheet #27 Crash Course US History #18 Causes of the CiVil War: PPT, notes anD worksheet #28 Crash Course US History #20 AND #21 Start of the CiVil War: PPT, notes anD worksheet #29 Crash Course US History #19 The CiVil War and Major Battles: PPT, notes anD worksheet #30 Crash Course US History #22 Reconstruction: PPT, notes anD worksheet Warm-Up Questions 1.) Which political party was against the War of 1812, which ultimately led to their demise? A.) Democratic-Republicans B.) Federalists C.) Whigs D.) Tories 2.) Why did the US go to war with Britain in 1812? A.) Britain was interfering with US foreign trade B.) Britain refused to give up their forts C.) Britain was becoming too friendly with France D.) Britain was trying to buy the Louisiana Territory 3.) Who attempted to unite Native Americans into a confederation to protect their homeland against white intruders? A.) Mad Anthony Wayne B.) The War Hawks C.) Tecumseh D.) Little Turtle 4.) All of the following happened during the War of
    [Show full text]
  • Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
    • Reconstruction •AIM: • Why was President Johnson Impeached? Cabinet Am I the only one ever?? Not so fast Andrew!! They tried to get me for perjury!! April 8, 1868 I. Johnson Vs. Congress • President Johnson continues to veto laws/acts/programs sent from the Radical Republicans. • Those programs/laws helped freedmen and angered the South • Many Republicans seek to Impeach Johnson. Johnson is delaying Republican Reconstruction with his veto pen • Johnson wishes to Fire Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. • Stanton is a Radical Republican and hates Johnson. Stanton • Congress passes a law making it illegal for a President to fire a cabinet member without Congressional approval. • The Tenure of Office Act. • Johnson fires Stanton Tenure of Office Act - Tenure of Office Act, in U.S. history, measure passed on Mar. 2, 1867, by Congress over the veto of President Andrew Johnson; it forbade the President to remove any federal officeholder appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate without the further approval of the Senate. With this measure the radical Republicans in Congress hoped to assure the continuance in office of Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton and thus prevent any interference with the military occupation of the South in their Reconstruction plan. In order to bring about a court test of the constitutionality of the act, Johnson dismissed Stanton, but the Supreme Court, intimidated by the radicals, refused to pass on the case. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, whom Johnson appointed Secretary ad interim, turned the office back to Stanton when the Senate refused to approve his dismissal.
    [Show full text]