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PlantNow vol 1(1) 2020 https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/

Editorial Board Please address all correspondence to the editor (including the advertisement file) for more details. Editor-in-Chief

Leonardo M. Versieux, Ph.D. (Plant Systematics and art/landscape design, Dept. of Botany and Zoology, Aims and scope UFRN). PlantNow is a quarterly scientific plant journal devoted to +55 (84) 991445077 a broad and applied scope of knowledges about plants. We aim to become a venue enhancing plant perception Deputy Editor-in-Chief and to approximate art and science. We aim to we aim to Alice Calvente, Ph.D. (Plant Systematics and Evolution, strength botany and fill the gap between academic Dept. of Botany and Zoology, UFRN) knowledge and the general public. Also, we aim to help botanists to publish fast and enhance our local community Managing Editor and increase awareness about botany in Rio Grande do Valdeci F. Sousa, M. Sc. (Ph.D. candidate in Systematics Norte State, in the northeast of Brazil. and Evolution, UFRN) Submission of Manuscripts Associate Editors Please send your work to [email protected] Adriana Monteiro de Almeida (UFRN, Brazil) Or if you wish to discuss any issue prior to your Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli (USP, Brazil) submission you may contact the editor-in-chief by WhatsApp, as well. Portuguese and Spanish are Alexandre Fadigas de Souza (UFRN, Brazil) preliminarily accepted but English is preferred. Eduardo Voigt (UFRN, Brazil) Submission rate: R$299 for Brazilian’s corresponding authors or US$99 for any international corresponding Fernanda Antunes Carvalho (UFMG, Brazil) author. Minority authors may apply for free submission. A Joseph Williams Jr. (Univ. of Tennessee, U.S.A.) single abstract, in English, is mandatory. We encourage Brazilian indigenous communities to publish works in Juliana Espada Lichston (UFRN, Brazil) their native languages. There is no keywords number Lynn G. Clark (Iowa State Univ., U.S.A.) limit. Rafael de Paiva Farias (UFAC, Brazil) Instructions for authors: Raquel Versieux (UFRJ/URCA, Brazil) https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/ Taisa Lewitzki (UFRN, Brazil). Published by Talita Mota Machado (Brazil) Leonardo de Melo Versieux Vanessa Graziele Staggemeier (UFRN, Brazil) [email protected] R. Abraham Tahim 1947 / 601 Cover image Capim Macio, Natal, RN A view from the canopy of the Atlantic forest from an 59082-160 – Brazil underground tunnel. Are plants our lights? © L. Versieux. Phone: +55 (84) 991555077 Our covers and legends are expected to be provocative, artistic and to have their own content and meaning, thus Supported by artwork may be submitted independently to be considered for future covers. Herbário UFRN http://ufrn.jbrj.gov.br/ Increasing the knowledge Advertisements about the flora, Our journal offers the last page of each issue as a space conservation and use of for your product. Prices per issue: Full-page plants in RN. (US$30/R$90) and half-page (US$15/R$45). [email protected]

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PlantNow DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12143472 vol 1: 3–5 (2020) https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/

Launching PlantNow, a local journal devoted to increase awareness about plants

Leonardo M. Versieux1*, Alice Calvente1, Valdeci F. Sousa1

1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Herbário UFRN, Natal, 59072-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

*E-mail: [email protected]

Received 10 Jan 2020 Accepted for publication 10 Apr 2020 Published 27 Jun 2020

Abstract Local, polemic, floristic, personal, independent, artistic, lacking any respect for traditional styles of scientific journals, or their metrics, questioning why reviewers and editors are not paid by publishers that charge for subscriptions of their journals, in this paper we propose a local journal called PlantNow, that will act locally, enhancing our research group on botany and promoting knowledge about plants, in a state where people are usually not attached to plants or to botany.

Keywords: botany, floristic survey, plant blindness, Rio Grande do Norte

basic schools, plant perception, agroecology, and urban 1. Introduction forestry. Although originally created to publish results of local PlantNow is a scientific plant journal devoted to a broad floras, new species occurrences and descriptive results related and applied scope of knowledges about plants. We aim to to the research conducted in Rio Grande do Norte, the poorest become a venue enhancing plant perception, and botany state in terms of plant species numbers in Brazil, we believe awareness by the society, by filling the gap between academic these themes are broad and will call submissions from knowledge and the general public. Also, we aim to help different parts of Brazil or other countries, since the study of botanists to publish fast and enhance our local community and plants or of the relation of plants and people are growing increase awareness about botany in Rio Grande do Norte topics in the academic life and in the society as whole. After State, in the northeast of Brazil. 10 years teaching plant systematics, we felt a rising need to PlantNow aims to help solving or diminishing the ‘plant give some meaning on the use of scientific / floristic data, blindness’ or ‘green blindness’, publish rapidly, open access particularly in Brazil, where the flora is rich but the overall papers, letters, artistic work, book reviews, monographs, knowledge of the people about plants is low, including descriptive papers, experimental based works, botany politicians and people involved in the administration of parks education and science learning reports, conservation of plants and city green areas. and their habitats, urban ecology/urban botany, plant invasion, The journal was created by Profs. Leonardo Versieux and species list, catalogues and checklists for reserves and parks, Alice Calvente, both Ph.D., with a broad experience in botany discuss the use of native plants in landscape design and other teaching as well as serving as editorial members of cultural applications of plants. Also, we are interested in the international botanical journals, together with a former M.Sc. interface between ecology and art, ex-situ conservation, student, Valdeci Sousa, currently a Ph.D. candidate in our botanic gardens, gardening, horticulture, garden history, plant university, UFRN. All the following papers presented in this ecology, ecosystem restoration, practices involving plants in

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PlantNow VERSIEUX et al. vol 1: 3–5 (2020) https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/ first volume were rejected by traditional Brazilian botany that this ‘disorganization’ will help raise creative solutions journals, which considered some of them as “too descriptive” and speed up submissions. Nevertheless, any taxonomical or “too regional”, ignoring the cultural, historical and funding paper must follow the Botanical Code and make scientific asymmetry existing even within a single country. We decided sense to any reader. Papers will be published following several that it was about time to innovate, and to create our own aleatory events, but we will do our best to be fast to close each journal, a local journal to support our local findings and to volume. We offer space for advertisements, as well. show to our students that their works have scientific quality Portuguese and Spanish are preliminarily accepted but and need to be published. Conclude by yourself! English is preferred. A single abstract, in English, is We are proud to be local and we aim to increase the floristic mandatory. We encourage Brazilian indigenous communities knowledge and enhance descriptive characterization of poorly to publish works in their native languages, if this is not a known species or distributional data because ecosystems are limitation to peer-review. There is no keywords number limit. being destroyed, and it is in the localities and by locals that Many scientific journals are proud to say, in bold letters, things can be changed. We do believe that we must ACT, that all work must be reviewed by a native speaker. As thinking globally but operating locally, adopting site-specific Brazilians, who strive to speak and write in the official or site-oriented strategies, having people and plants together, language of science, which is English, we understand that such hand-in-hand. a requirement is for clarity of understanding. But why don't We are proud to be local, and no paper submitted to this we help each other? We are by no means encouraging journal will ever be rejected simply because of their limited carelessness in the writing, our editors will help as much as geographic coverage. We aim to discuss local problems, possible to ensure that what you mean is correct but we want applying the scientific methods to describe experiments of our readers to bring that more tolerant look when they are teaching botany, perception of plants by the local society, reading our articles. observations regarding ornamental species, reports relating Submit as a single file, in word, .docx to our email: plants and green areas by the public administrations. We are [email protected]. Figures within the text. Keep not restricted to only scientist written papers. And we are not things as simple as possible (if you wish) and avoid heavy restricted to written language, pictures, schemes, photos, figures. artwork, links to videos may be depicted in our pages, as well. PlantNow is personal, and the relation between authors, PlantNow is based in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, in the editors and reviewers is seen as an exchange of knowledges or northeast of Brazil, far from the big cities and traditional suggestions. No problems to talk to each other or diverge or to botany research centers, it is conducted by persons, mostly know who revised your work (we stimulate non-anonymous women, and we want that this journal be somehow handmade. reviewers). Science is done by people, with their names, times PlantNow is innovative in the way it deals with the revision and contradictions. We will publish a poem, annotations, process. Reviewers are expected to be collaborative and drawings, complaints, anything related to plants. suggestive. Editors and reviewers may contact authors directly Submission rate: R$299 for Brazilian’s corresponding by different means, including brief talks about their work by authors or US$99 for any international corresponding author phone or video calls, if necessary, to avoid any as an editorial fee to maintain the website, pay chocolate to the misunderstanding during the review process. reviewers and editors and help us to fund our research. We work with what we have in hands, free emails accounts, Authors belonging to minorities or who cannot afford may be a free webpage, but everything well thought. Variable design, eligible for free submission and should contact the editorial sometimes clear and minimalist, sometimes baroque. office for arrangements. All the articles will be published Recognition for editors and reviewers time: Each time a electronically and will be available as each volume closes. The paper is submitted a payment is made, even if the paper is pdf of the entire volume will be free for downloads, reposting, rejected the payment at first submission is mandatory. Editors storing or any other use that the authors want. No money will and reviewers will receive R$50 each, per paper revised. This ever be returned, even if your paper is rejected. If after being is a donation, so editors can buy good chocolate for each paper accepted your final proof has more than 30 pages, we will need they read and contribute with constructive suggestions. more chocolate and an additional R$15/US$5 per page will be Reviewing will be faster because everybody’s work is charged. recognized, and most editors and reviewers are chocolate Although we might improve in the following years, right addicted. After publishing, all papers are free, open-access, now we have no indexes, no impact factor, no page limit, no and authors may do what they want with their publications. restriction to use of color. But this may change without any Time saving: there is no formatting rules, we are chaotic announcement, although we are not concerned about that. No and rebels. Many precious times of botanist are lost in plagiarism, no violations, no stupidity, please. formatting manuscripts for different journal styles. We believe

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PlantNow VERSIEUX et al. vol 1: 3–5 (2020) https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/ We launched PlantNow at a critical and very sad time for Eduardo Voigt, Ph.D. humanity. The Covid-19 pandemic shows how a local event (Plant biochemistry and physiology, can spread beyond any border, reinforcing the importance of Dept. of Cell Biology and Genetics, UFRN, Brazil) knowing what happens, no matter where. We hope that knowledge of local flora and plants will make a small Fernanda Antunes Carvalho, Ph.D. contribution to a better planet. (Plant systematics, biogeography and evolution, PlantNow, because it is urgent to plant and to know plants. Dept. of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, UFMG, Brazil)

Submissions: please send your work to Joseph Williams Jr., Ph.D. (Plant evolutionary biology, [email protected]. Or if you wish to discuss any Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of issue prior to your submission you may contact us by Tennessee, U.S.A.) WhatsApp, as well. Follow us on Instagram: @herbarioufrn and let’s Juliana Espada Lichston, Ph.D. PlantNow! (Plant morphology and economic botany, Dept. of Botany and Zoology, UFRN, Brazil) Editor-in-Chief Leonardo M. Versieux, Ph.D. (Plant Systematics and Lynn G. Clark, Ph.D. art/landscape design, Dept. of Botany and Zoology, (Plant systematics and morphology, UFRN). Dept. of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, +55 (84) 991445077 Iowa State Univ., U.S.A.)

Deputy Editor-in-Chief Rafael de Paiva Farias, Ph.D. Alice Calvente, Ph.D. (Plant Systematics and Evolution, (Ecology, phenology, systematics and conservation of Dept. of Botany and Zoology, UFRN) ferns and lycophytes, UFAC, Brazil)

Managing Editor Raquel Versieux, M. Sc. (Ph.D. candidate in Visual Arts, Valdeci F. Sousa, M. Sc. (Ph.D. candidate in Systematics UFRJ / URCA, Brazil) and Evolution, UFRN) Taisa Lewitzki, M.Sc. We are grateful to the following colleagues who accepted (Anthropology of traditional communities and traditional becoming members of our editorial team: uses of plants, Dept. of Anthropology, UFRN, Brazil).

Editorial Board – Our Team Talita Mota Machado, Ph.D. (Plant systematics and conservation, Independent Environmental Consultant, Brazil) Adriana Monteiro de Almeida, Ph.D. (Agroecology, Dept. of Ecology, UFRN, Brazil) Vanessa Graziele Staggemeier, Ph.D. (Macroevolution and macroecology of plants, Adriana Pinheiro Martinelli, Ph.D. Dept. of Ecology, UFRN, Brazil) (Plant biotechnology, USP/CENA, Piracicaba, Brazil)

Alexandre Fadigas de Souza, Ph.D. (Plant ecology, Dept. of Ecology, UFRN, Brazil)

“If you want to be universal start by painting your own village” Tolstoy

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PlantNow DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12143481 vol 1: 6–11 (2020) https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/

Taxonomy and first records of Justicia sphaerosperma (Acanthaceae) for the Brazilian dry forests

Valdeci F. Sousa1*, Alan A. Roque1 and Leonardo M. Versieux1

1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Herbário UFRN, Natal, 59072-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

*E-mail: [email protected]

Academic editor: Alice Calvente Received 07 Sept 2019 Accepted for publication 07 Nov 2019 Published 27 Jun 2020

Abstract Justicia sphaerosperma Vahl (Acanthaceae) is a perennial erect subshrub described for the Caribbean. In this paper, we present its first records for Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte states in Brazil. Considering that this species is poorly known in Brazil and that most herbarium specimens were indeterminate, here we provide its description based on Brazilian specimens from dry forests, illustrations and photographs, conservation assessment based on the IUCN guidelines and discuss its geographical and ecological distribution. This work indicates the need of more floristic surveys along the Brazilian northern Caatinga areas, as well as the need to grant specialist access to small and local herbaria collections, to improve determinations to species level.

Keywords: dry forest, floristic survey, geographic distribution, Justicieae, Lamiales, northern Caatinga

which harbor ca. 500 species (Daniel and Lott 2009, Kiel et 1. Introduction al. 2017), of which 128 occur in Brazil, eight in the Caatinga dry woodland biome (or dry forests) of Northeastern Brazil, Acanthaceae comprises approximately 230 genera and and two in Rio Grande do Norte (Flora do Brasil 2020, under 4,000 species of herbs, shrubs, climbing herbs or small trees construction). Their representatives are recognized by having (Scotland and Vollesen 2000, Daniel 2004, Wasshausen and bilabiate corolla, with the upper lip entire or slightly bilobed Wood 2004), with a pantropical distribution and centers of and the lower lip 3-lobed, androecium with two exserted diversity in Africa, Indo-Malaysia, Brazil, and México- stamens, asymmetrical or divergent bithecae anthers and the Central America (Daniel 2000, Wasshausen 2004). In Brazil, capsule clavate with sterile base and four seeds attached to the the family comprises about 40 genera and 450 species, being modified hook shaped funicle. Several species of the genus are Justicia L., Ruellia L. and Aphelandra R. Br. the most cultivated ornamentals (Lorenzi and Mello Filho 2001, Sartin representative (Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction). et al. 2014, Sousa and Versieux 2016) while others are of Justicia consists of 700 species distributed throughout the ecological importance due to their abundance in humid forests whole world with particularly high richness in the New World,

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PlantNow 1: 6–11 (2020) SOUSA et al. and semi-arid environments (Ezcurra 2002, Sousa and according to Radford et al. (1974) and Gonçalves and Lorenzi Versieux 2016). (2011). Specimens collected were deposited in the herbaria of Justicia sphaerosperma Vahl belongs morphologically to the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) section Simonisia according to Graham’s classification and Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (CES). (1998). This section includes about 30 species distributed in Conservation status is proposed following IUCN Red List the tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South Categories and Criteria (IUCN 2016), and Area of Occupancy America (Graham 1998). Their representatives are recognized (AOO) was determinate using GeoCat (Bachman et al. 2011). by their inflorescence of terminal and axillary spikes, the The identification key used data from the literature: Sousa and bracts are narrow, linear to lanceolate, the calyx 5-lobed, and Versieux (2016) for J. thunbergioides (Lindau) Leonard and the seeds are smooth, suborbicular, and not compressed. Cortes and Rapini (2013) for J. simonisia (Nees) V.A.W. However, using a dense sampling of Justicia with focus on the Graham and J. asclepiadea (Nees) Wassh. & C. Ezcurra. New World species, recent phylogenetic analyses conducted by Kiel et al. (2018) indicate that Sect. Simonisia is not 3. Results monophyletic, as most of the traditionally recognized sections Justicia sphaerosperma Vahl, Symb. Bot., 2: 3. 1791. within this genus. Synonyms: Beloperone schomburgkiana Nees, London J. Bot. Justicia sphaerosperma was originally collected in West 4: 636. 1845. Justicia plectica Leonard, Mem. New York Bot. Indies by Forsyth and described by Martin Vahl (1791). In Gard. 10: 52. 1961. Type:—CARIBBEAN, without locality Brazil, the first collections were made the states of Maranhão and date, Forsyth s.n. (holotype: C barcode C10005005 in 1909, Pará in 1949, Ceará in 1960, and later in Rio Grande [image!]). do Norte in 1987, Amazonas in 1996, and recently Paraíba, Subshrubs 1–2 m tall; stems cylindrical, striate, glabrous to but it has not been mentioned in studies on the Acanthaceae in glabrescent, eglandular trichomes. Petioles 0.2–3.3 cm long; the Brazilian flora so far, remaining indeterminate. In the blades 4–11 × 1–5.5 cm, elliptic to ovate or lanceolate; apex Flora of the Venezuelan Guyana, Wasshausen (1995) acute to attenuate, base cuneate, both surfaces sparsely mentions it occurrence in Brazil but no specimen or state strigose. Inflorescences in terminal and axillary spikes, 3–4.7 where it occurs are cited. cm long; bracts 1, 1.2–2.2 × 0.1–0.3 cm, lanceolate, apex In this paper, we recorded the occurrence of Justicia acute, with glandular trichomes on the abaxial surface, sphaerosperma Vahl for the Brazilian dry woodland, sparsely strigose on adaxial surface, ciliate; bracteoles 2, 1.4– providing a description, illustrations, as well as data on its 1.8 × 0.1 cm, linear-lanceolate, with glandular trichomes on geographical distribution and ecological observations. abaxial surface, strigose on adaxial surface, ciliate. Calyx 1.4 Additionally, we presented an update key to the species of × 0.7 cm, 5-lobed, lobes 1–1.4 × 0.1 cm, lanceolate, ciliate. Justicia Sect. Simonisia occurs in Brazilian dry woodland Corolla 2.9–4.1 cm long, red, pubescent outside, with (Caatinga). glandular trichomes, 2-lipped, with yellowish colored markings on the lower lip, tube 1.6–2.4 cm long, upper lip 1– 2. Material and methods 2 × 0.6–0.9 cm, apex slightly 2-lobed, the lobes ca. 1 × 0.5 After conducting fieldwork in Rio Grande do Norte and mm, lower lip 3-lobed 1–1.2 cm long, the lobes 6 × 2.5 mm, Paraíba states, we collected specimens and could later identify oblong, obtuse. Filaments 2.5–3.4 cm long, glabrous, base them as Justicia sphaerosperma by comparing images from pilose; anthers bithecous, thecae oblique, 2 mm long, the collections available online on the websites of herbaria dorsifixed, the lower thecae with whitish basal appendage, the EAC, HUEFS, MO and NYBG (acronyms according to upper thecae without appendage, glabrous. Ovary 2 mm long, Thiers, continuously updated) and revising the descriptions by subcylindrical, greenish, glabrous. Style 1.9–2.8 cm long, base Nees von Esenbeck (1845) and Wasshausen (1995). Herbaria ciliate; nectar disk cupular. Capsule 1–1.7 cm long, claviform, specimens from UFRN and CES were used for study and to strigose to pubescent; seeds 4, c. 3 mm diam, suborbicular, take measurements. The barcode number given in specimens puberulous. was cited to avoid confusion with two or more sheets present Specimens examined: BRAZIL. Amazonas: Along in the same institution. In addition, we checked the HAMAB, Demini River, 00°18'05"S, 62°46'00"W, 10.VIII.1996, P. HBRA, HDELTA, HSTM, HUTO, IAN, INPA, MAR, MFS, Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 8183 (NYBG [image!]). Ceará: MG, TEPB and SLUI herbaria to verify if they had specimens Aiuaba, Estação Ecológica de Aiuaba, 03.VII.1997, M.I.B. of this species or photos of indeterminate Justicia in their Loiola 202 (EAC [image!]); ibid., 19V.VII.1998, L.W. Lima- collections that could be identified. Verde 914 (EAC [image!]); ibid., 6°37'21.6"S, 40°11'21.3"W, The collected specimens were examined under stereo 19.V.1998, L.W. Lima-Verde 917 (EAC [image!]); ibid., dissecting microscope and the description was based on fresh 20.V.1998, L.W. Lima-Verde 923 (EAC [image!]); Caucaia, and dried material. The terminology used in the description is Poço Salgado, 04.V.2010, A.S.F. Castro 2324 (EAC

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[image!]); Fortaleza, 26.V.2001, S. César s.n. (EAC Grande do Norte states). In Amazonas state, it grows in [image!]); ibid., 06.VII.1960, L. Almeida s.n. (EAC [image!]); ‘igapó’ swamp forest, along Demini River (P. Acevedo- Ipu, 25.VII.2009, A.S.F. Castro 2208 (EAC [image!]); Rodriguez et al. 8183). In Caatinga phytogeographical Quixeramobim, Fazenda Pedra Redonda, 27.IX.1992, E.B. domain, it occurs along temporarily flooded areas and/or Souza s.n. (EAC [image!]); ibid., 25.VII.1995, A. Sérgio s.n. transition to seasonal forests, in small populations, usually (EAC [image!]); Sobral, Serra da Meruoca, 21.V.2010, J.M. occupying degraded areas, pastures, always close to water Brito 46 (HUEFS [image!]). Maranhão: Rio de Pedreira, streams, at elevations from 14 to 670 m above the sea level. Arary, Capoeirão, 23.VI.1909, F.Q. Lima s.n. (MG 2289). Flowering and fruiting occur from May to August. Pará: Palestina do Pará, Fazenda Andorinha, 6°07'17.6"S, This species has a relatively broad area of distribution, and 48°25'33"W, 17.IV.2004, G. Pereira-Silva et al. 8691 (CEN); has no reported economic uses, although it has ornamental Marabá, 26.VI.1949, R. Froes & G.A. Black 24668 (US); Alto potential. The conservation status of this species should be Tapajós, Rio Cururú, Missão, 16.VII.1959, W.A. Egler 910 classified as Least Concern (LC, IUCN 2016) due to its (MG); Altamira, 17.VIII.1986, A.T.G. Dias & R.S. Monteiro occurrence in Northeastern of Brazil along a broad area 17 (MG). Paraíba: Cuité, Fazenda Retiro, 22.V.2016, V.F. estimated to be larger than 130,000 km2. Sousa 291 (UFRN); ibid., 24.VII.2016, V.F. Sousa 384 (CES). According to the classification of Graham (1988) based on Rio Grande do Norte: Near Bento Fernandes, 28.VIII.1987, morphological characters, Justicia sphaerosperma belongs to S. Tsugaru & Y.S. Tsugaru B-1281 (MO barcode section Simonisia due to its inflorescence of terminal and MO001585663 [image!]); Ceará-Mirim, 5°37'20"S, axillary spikes, lanceolate bracts, and linear-lanceolate 35°26'57"W, 11.VIII.2012, A.A. Roque et al. 1405 (UFRN); bracteoles, bracts and bracteoles exceeding to the calyx, calyx ibid., 20.V.2003, M.I.B. Loiola 792 (UFRN); João Câmara, 5-partite, with equal segments, the red corolla, lower lip 3- Fazenda Cauaçu, 5°33'51"S, 35°55'57"W, 13.VI.2013, A.A. lobed with small yellowish colored markings (from specimen Roque 1538 (UFRN); ibid., 5°33'51"S, 35°55'77"W, J.M. Brito 46), the oblique anthers, strigose to pubescent 08.VIII.2012, M.A. Targino 41 (UFRN); Macaíba, Fazenda capsules and borderless seeds, not compressed, smooth, and Uberaba, 5°57'55"S, 35°30'05"W, 20.VIII.2015, A.A. Roque with tiny hairs. Bracts, bracteoles and corolla of J. 1639 (UFRN); ibid., Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí, 5°53'2"S, sphaerosperma are the only structures that present glandular 35°11'5"W, 10.V.2017, M.B. Nascimento 16 (UFRN); trichomes on the abaxial surface. Recent phylogenetic studies Passagem, 6°16'21"S, 35°25'10"W, 20.VIII.2015, J.G. Jardim show that most sections of Justicia are not monophyletic (Kiel 6762 (UFRN). et al. 2017, 2018). Simonisia section, for example, becomes monophyletic including all members of Justicia Sect. Simonisia (Nees) V.A.W. Graham (except J. costaricana Leonard), some species of the Orthotactus section and several taxa that were not assigned previously to Justicia sections, thus forming the Simonisia clade (Kiel et al. 2018). Simonisia clade is characterized by the pubescent capsules, globose, smooth seeds discretely covered by trichomes, and mainly two types of pollen grains, prolate or perprolate (Graham 1998). Justicia sphaerosperma shows similarity with J. simonisia by having leaf blade with apex acute to attenuate, inflorescence in terminal and axillary spikes, lanceolate bracts and slightly lanceolate bracteoles, both with ciliate margins. However, it differs from J. simonisia by their habit erect (vs. scandent), bracts and bracteoles exceeding the size of calyx FIGURE 1. Justicia sphaerosperma. A. habit of saxicolous (vs. the same size), red corolla (vs. lilac), and nectar disc individual in Cuité municipality, Paraíba State; B. flowering cupular (vs. annular). Furthermore, J. sphaerosperma presents branch. Photographs by V. F. Sousa. a wider distribution (Amazonas, Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, 4. Discussion Paraíba, and Rio Grande do Norte), while J. simonisia has a restricted distribution to the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo Justicia sphaerosperma is known from the Greater Antilles (Côrtes and Rapini 2013). (Hispaniola), Lesser Antilles (Grenada, Grenadines, St. Lucia, Regarding the habit, however, there seem to be variation, St. Vincent) (GBIF 2019), British Guyana (Nees von since Wasshausen (1995) describe it as a “woody climber to 3 Esenbeck 1845, Graham 1988), Ecuador (Jørgensen & León- m”. However, all the specimens we examined here for Yánez 1999), Venezuelan Guayana, (Wasshausen 2007), and Northeastern Brazil were erect subshrubs 1–2 m tall. Brazil (Amazonas, Ceará, Maranhão, Pará, Paraíba, and Rio

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Regarding the morphology of the flowers, Ezcurra (2002) sampled areas), as well as the analysis of collections of small considered that the species belonging to section Simonisia herbarium by experts (e.g., Colombo et al. 2015, Versieux et present a floral morphology adapted to melittophily, al. 2017). In this paper, for example, we observed that most of ornithophily or psychophily. However, studies are needed to the specimens referring to Justicia sphaerosperma deposited document which visitors pollinate Justicia sphaerosperma. in the herbaria were determined only to the generic level. Our field observations suggest that flowers are diurnal, and no Therefore, this work emphasizes the need for additional distinct scent was perceived. floristic surveys in Brazil, especially in northern portion of the Generally, the lack of knowledge of many species of plants Northeastern region, covering principally those poorly in some regions of Brazil, even those of wide distribution, is sampled areas. due to the absence of intensive field work (especially in poorly

FIGURE 2. Justicia sphaerosperma. A. flowering branch; B. corolla; C. nectar disk and ovary; D. stamens; E. calyx; F. bracteole; G. bract; H. bract, bracteoles and calyx; I. fruit. Drawing by R. Cruz.

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Also, visits of specialists to small herbaria to analyze and Brown R. 1810. Acanthaceae. In: Florae Novae Hollandiae. study the collections, as well as the availability of Prodromus I. (Brown R., ed.). London: J. Johnson & identification keys, contribute for increasing the knowledge of Company, London, pp. 472-481. the local flora by accurate identification of specimens Colombo B., Kaehler M. and Calvente A. 2016. An inventory (Versieux et al. 2017). The following key is provided to of the Bignoniaceae from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande distinguish Justicia Sect. Simonisia species from Brazilian dry do Norte highlights the importance of small herbaria to woodland (Caatinga). biodiversity studies. Phytotaxa 278: 19-28.

Key to the species of Justicia Sect. Simonisia from Côrtes A. L. A. and Rapini A. 2013. Justicieae (Acanthaceae) Brazilian dry woodland do Semiárido do Estado da Bahia, Brasil. Hoehnea 40: 1. Flowers 1–2 axillary or terminal; corolla pubescent 253-292. outside, with glandular trichomes ……...… J. thunbergioides Daniel T. F. 2004. A synopsis of Justicia section 1. Inflorescences in terminal and axillary spikes with Mesoamericanae (Acanthaceae). Proceedings of the opposite flowers; corolla pubescent outside, with glandular California Academy of Sciences 55: 174-183. trichomes ………………………….……………….….….... 2 2. Scandent shrub; corolla lilac, pubescent outside, without Daniel T. F. and Lott E. J. 2009. Justicia cuixmalensis, a new glandular trichomes; capsule pubescent species of Acanthaceae from West-Central Mexico...... …. J. simonisia Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 60: 19- 2. Erect shrub; corolla red or lilac, pubescent outside, with 22. eglandular or glandular trichomes; capsule strigose or Daniel, T. F. 2000. Additional chromosome numbers of glabrous ………………….……………….…………….….. 3 American Acanthaceae. Systematic Botany 25: 15-25. 3. Stems cylindrical, glabrous to glabrescent; leaf blades 4– Ezcurra C. 2002. El género Justicia (Acanthaceae) en 11 × 1–5.5 cm, sparsely strigose both surfaces; cuneate base; Sudamérica Austral. Annals of the Missouri Botanical bract 1.2–2.2 × 0.1–0.3 cm, lanceolate, glandular trichomes on Garden 89: 225-280. the abaxial surface, sparsely strigose on adaxial surface; bracteoles 1.4–1.8 × 0.1 cm, linear-lanceolate, with glandular Flora do Brasil 2020 under construction. Jardim Botânico do trichomes on abaxial surface, strigose on adaxial surface, Rio de Janeiro. Available from: ciliate; corolla 2.9 – 4.1 cm long, red; filaments 2.5–3.4 cm http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br. Accessed at 07.05.2019. long; capsule 1–1.7 cm long, strigose Graham V. A. W. 1988. Delimitation and infra-generic ……………….....………………………… J. sphaerosperma classification of Justicia (Acanthaceae). Kew Bulletin 43: 3. Stems subcylindric, pubescent to hirsute or glabrescent; 551-624. leaf blades 1.7−5.2 × 0.6−2.2 cm, glabrous to sparsely hirsute; acute to obtuse base; bract 0.6−1 mm long, linear, hirsute on GBIF. 2019. The Global Biodiversity Information. Available both surfaces, glandular trichomes concentrated at the apex; from: https://www.gbif.org. Accessed at 13 August 2019. bracteoles 6−9 × 1−1.2 mm, narrowly lanceolate, hirsute, on IUCN. 2016. IUCN Standards and petitions subcommittee. both surfaces, glandular trichomes concentrated at the apex; Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List categories and corolla 2−3.5 cm long, lilac; filaments ca. 1 cm long; capsule criteria. Version 11. Available from: ca. 1.9 cm long, glabrous …...... J. asclepiadea http://cmsdocs.s3.amazonaws.com/RedListGuidelines.pdf Accessed at 25.05.2019.

Acknowledgements Jørgensen P. M. and León-Yánez S. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monographs in Systematic We thank curators and staff of the herbaria UFRN and CES, Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden 75: 1-1181. for allowing access to their collections; Rhudson Cruz for preparing the line drawing. Kiel C. A., Daniel T. F., Darbyshire I. and McDade L. A. 2017. Unraveling relationships in the morphologically References diverse and taxonomically challenging ‘justicioid’ lineage (Acanthaceae, Justicieae). Taxon 66: 645-674. Bachman S., Moat J., Hill A. W., de la Torre J. and Scott B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat assessments with Kiel C. A., Daniel T. F. and McDade L. A. 2018. GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. Phylogenetics of New World ‘justicioids’ (Justicieae: ZooKeys 150: 117-126. Acanthaceae): major lineages, morphological patterns, and widespread incongruence with classification. Systematic Botany 43: 459-484.

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Leonard E. C. 1959. The Machris Brazilian Expedition Versieux L. M., Dávila N., Delgado G. C., Sousa V. F., Moura Botany: Phanerogamae, Acanthaceae. Los Angeles County E. O., Filgueiras T., Alves M. V., Carvalho E., Piotto D., Museum Contribution in Sciences 32: 1-20. Forzza R. C., Calvente A. and Jardim J.G. 2017. Integrative research identifies 71 new plant species records Lindau G. 1895. Acanthaceae. In: Die Natürlichen in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) and enhances Pflanzenfamilien 4(3b). (Engler H.G.A. and Prantl K.A.E., a small herbarium collection during a funding shortage. eds.). Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 274-354. PhytoKeys 86: 43-74. Linnaeus C. 1753. Species Plantarum I. Impensis Laurentii Wasshausen D. C. 1995. Acanthaceae. In: Flora of the Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 1-560. Venezuelan Guayana. (Steyermark J. A. P. E. Berry P. E. Linnaeus C. 1753. Species Plantarum II. Impensis Laurentii and Holst B. K., eds.). Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Salvii, Stockholm, pp. 561-1200. Louis, pp. 335-373. Lorenzi H. and Mello Filho L. E. 2001. As Plantas Tropicais Wasshausen D. C. 2004. Acanthaceae. In: Flowering plants of de R. Burle Marx. Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora. the Neotropics. (Smith N., Mori S. A., Henderson A., Nova Odessa, São Paulo. 488p. Stevenson D. W. and Heald S. V., eds.). Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp. 3-7. Nees von Esenbeck C. G. D. 1845. Acanthaceae. In: (Hooker W. J., ed.). London Journal of Botany 4: 632-637. Wasshausen D. C. 2007. Acanthaceae. In: Checklist of the plants of the Guiana Shield (Venezuela: Amazonas, Nees von Esenbeck C. G. D. 1847. Acanthaceae. In: Flora Bolivar, Delta Amacuro; Guyana, Surinam, French Brasiliensis 9. (Martius C. F. P., ed.). F. Fleischer, Lipsiae, Guiana). (Funk V. A, Berry P. E., Alexander S., Hollowell pp. 1-164. T. H. and Kelloff C.L., eds.). Contributions from the Radford A. E., Dickinson W. C., Massey J. R. and Bell C. R. United States National Herbarium 55: 1-584. 1974. Vascular plant Systematics. Harper and Row, New Wasshausen D. C. and Ezcurra C. 1997. New names and new York, 891p. combinations in Justicia sects. Simonsia, Plagiacanthus Sartin R. D., Peixoto J. C., Lopes D. B. and Paula J. R. 2014. and Orthotactus (Acanthaceae) from southern South Flora do Bioma Cerrado: Abordagem de estudos da família America. Candollea 52: 171-179. Acanthaceae Juss. - Espécies Ornamentais no Brasil. Wasshausen D. C. and Wood J. R. I. 2003. Notes on the genus Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Justicia in Bolivia. Kew Bulletin 58: 769-831. Environmental Science 3: 164-179. Wasshausen D. C. and Wood J. R. I. 2004. Acanthaceae of Scotland R. W. and Vollesen K. 2000. Classification of Bolivia. Contributions from the United States National Acanthaceae. Kew Bulletin 55: 513-589. Herbarium 49: 1-52. Sousa V. F. and Versieux L. M. 2016. Notes on the ornamental potential and taxonomy of Justicia (Acanthaceae, Justicieae), including a first record for the Paraíba flora, Brazil. Phytotaxa 270: 203-209.

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PlantNow DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.12143550 vol 1: 12–26 (2020) https://plantnowjournal.wordpress.com/

Levantamento florístico na restinga da APA Bonfim-Guaraíras, RN, Brasil

Valdeci F. Sousa1* and Leonardo M. Versieux1

1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Herbário UFRN, Natal, 59072-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

*E-mail: [email protected]

Academic editor: Alice Calvente Received 07 Sept 2019 Accepted for publication 17 Apr 2020 Published 27 Jun 2020

Abstract This paper presents the floristic survey of the vascular plants from a restinga patch in Nísia Floresta, an area belonging to the Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area (APA), in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The area is a transitional formation among salt marshes, sand dunes vegetation and Atlantic forest, besides having dozens of interdunal lakes. A total of 169 species belonging to 131 genera and 58 families were listed. The angiosperms were responsible for 166 species (98.2%) and, the remaining three families (5.2%) were composed of monilophytes. The richest families in number of species were Cyperaceae (20 species), Poaceae (18 species), Fabaceae (15 species), Rubiaceae and Orchidaceae (8 species). Among the species listed, 51 (30.1%) are endemic to Brazil and 12 (7.1%) are new records for the RN flora. A broad distribution pattern was confirmed for most species, which also occur in adjacent biogeographic provinces and present a predominantly autochoric dispersion pattern, followed by zoocoric. The data presented here demonstrate the importance of herbaceous and sub-shrubby species in the physiognomic composition of the flora of the Bonfim-Guaraíras APA.

Key words: Angiosperms, Atlantic Forest, conservation, flora, psamo-biome, species richness

psamófila, com uma predominância de espécies que migraram 1. Introdução de ecossistemas adjacentes, como a Mata Atlântica, a Mata de Tabuleiro Litorâneo, a Caatinga e Amazônia (Fernandes & Restinga é um termo utilizado tanto para designar os Queiroz 2015). No entanto, devido à contrastantes condições sedimentos arenosos costeiros provenientes da deposição por ambientais encontradas nas restingas, as plantas apresentam movimentos regressivos marinhos ocorridos durante o formas particulares e adaptações que lhes capacitam viver quaternário (Villwock et al. 2005, Ab’Sáber 2006) quanto a nesse ambiente peculiar (Freire 1990, Rizzini 1997, vegetação que se desenvolve sobre esses sedimentos, Assumpção & Nascimento 2000). formando um mosaico de comunidades vegetais O litoral da região Nordeste compreende uma extensão de fisionomicamente distintas sujeitas à influência marinha e 3.306 km com grande diversidade vegetal pouco pesquisada fluvial-marinha (Magnago et al. 2013, Fernandes & Queiroz (Brito et al. 2006). Nas últimas décadas, estudos sobre a 2015). vegetação de ambientes costeiros nessa região foram A vegetação que se desenvolve em ambientes de restingas intensificados enfocando, principalmente, a florística e a é uma soma de espécies exclusivas da região costeira

12 © The authors

PlantNow 1: 12–26 (2020) SOUSA & VERSIEUX fitossociologia (Almeida Jr. & Zickel 2012, Queiroz et al. Área de estudo ‒ A APA Bonfim-Guaraíras possui 2012, Santos-Filho et al. 2013, Fernandes & Queiroz 2015, aproximadamente 43 mil hectares e abrange os municípios de Serra et al. 2016). Em relação ao estado do Rio Grande do Nísia Floresta, São José de Mipibú, Goianinha, Senador Norte (RN), o conhecimento sobre os fragmentos Georgino Avelino, Tibau do Sul e Arês (Fig. 1). Toda a vegetacionais e os dados sobre a ocorrência das espécies ainda extensão da APA está situada na Bacia Sedimentar Costeira são escassos (Freire 1990, Almeida Jr. & Zickel 2009 2012, do RN, que é composta por sedimentos Tércio-Quaternários Damaso 2009, Versieux et al. 2013, Magalhães et al. 2014) o do Grupo Barreiras, com recobrimentos de depósitos areno- que resulta na subestimação da riqueza florística do RN argilosos recentes provenientes de ambientes eólicos, fluviais (Versieux et al. 2013, BFG 2015, Soares et al. 2017). e praiais (IDEMA 2008). O clima é do tipo AS’ (quente e Os estudos sobre a vegetação de restinga no RN foram úmido), com estação chuvosa entre os meses de fevereiro até realizados por Freire (1990) e Trindade (1991) que estudaram julho, e uma estação seca, com estiagem mais rigorosa entre a estrutura e a florística, respectivamente, do Parque das outubro e dezembro (Alvares et al. 2013), a temperatura média Dunas, em Natal; e por Almeida Jr. & Zickel (2009, 2012) que anual é de 26,3°C, a pluviometria média anual é de 1.466 mm descreveram a composição florística e caracterizaram a e a umidade relativa média anual é de 77% (IDEMA 2008). estrutura do componente lenhoso na região da praia da Pipa, A coleta de dados foi realizada em cinco pontos da APA, em Tibau do Sul. nas margens de lagoas (lagoa Amarela: 6°00'15.5"S, Embora possuindo baixa diversidade e baixo nível de 35°09'39.8"W; lagoa da Juventude: 6°00'12.5"S, 35°09'20"W; endemismo (Scarano 2002, 2009), as restingas apresentam Sete Lagoas: 6°00'46.4"S, 35°07'03.0"W; lagoa da Ilhota: características próprias quanto à composição florística e 5°59'27.3"S, 35°07'33.7"W e lagoa de Alcaçuz: 6°59'46.1"S, estrutura vegetacional (e.g. Assis et al. 2004). Segundo o 35°08'26.2"W) (Figura 1). No total, a área de estudo abrangeu levantamento do Brazil Flora Group (BFG 2015), a vegetação cerca de 0,20 km². O substrato é arenoso e a vegetação é de restinga abriga 2.471 espécies de angiospermas no país, das dominada pelo estrato herbáceo distribuído em estreita faixa quais 295 são endêmicas do Brasil. Para a restinga do Rio de praia e sobre as dunas, até arbustiva, mais exuberante, ou Grande do Norte, são citadas as ocorrências de 513 espécies, arbustivo-arbórea, que recobre flancos de dunas, cordões e 377 gêneros e 117 famílias (BFG 2015). planícies interdunares (IDEMA 2008). Uma avaliação visual As Restingas vêm sofrendo ao longo do tempo com para escolha das áreas mostrou que a espécie mais abundante degradação e perda de áreas em razão da exagerada no componente arbustivo era Chrysobalanus icaco L. especulação imobiliária associada ao fluxo turístico (Santos- (Chrysobalanaceae). Filho et al. 2013), o que tem causado sérios danos à vegetação nativa (Queiroz et al. 2012). Por serem ambientes extremamente frágeis e de baixa resiliência, as restingas demandam mais ações governamentais em prol da sua conservação (Serra et al. 2016). No estado do RN, a escassez de informações florísticas em áreas de restinga implica em limitadas ações de conservação ou, no caso de unidades de conservação, no manejo das comunidades remanescentes. Além disso, o conhecimento das diversidades alfa e beta de tais comunidades poderiam ser úteis em comparações fitogeográficas com outras restingas do Brasil. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo objetivou realizar o levantamento florístico na restinga da APA Bonfim-Guaraíras no município de Nísia Floresta visando contribuir para o conhecimento desse tipo vegetacional no estado do RN. Além da lista de espécies, nós abordamos as seguintes perguntas: O FIGURA 1. Mapa da área de estudo, no município de Nísia número de espécies raras, endêmicas e ameaçadas da APA é Floresta, RN, destacando os cinco pontos de amostragem. similar à média registrada para outras regiões no Nordeste?

Sabendo que o número de espécies endêmicas é baixo, quais as origens biogeográficas das espécies na APA? Qual Coletas ‒ Foram realizadas expedições de campo entre os meses de dezembro de 2015 a setembro de 2016, através de síndrome de dispersão predomina nas fitofisionomias da área caminhadas não sistematizadas, totalizando 10 coletas. O estudada e que possível relação existe com o padrão de presente levantamento levou em consideração tanto plantas distribuição das espécies inventariadas? terrestres quanto aquáticas. Foram coletadas apenas amostras 2. Materiais e métodos em estádio de floração e/ou frutificação.

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O material botânico coletado foi processado de acordo com As famílias de maior representatividade numérica foram os métodos tradicionais de botânica (Fidalgo & Bononi 1989) Cyperaceae (20 espécies), Poaceae (18), Fabaceae (15), e a identificação foi realizada com o auxílio de literatura Rubiaceae (8), Orchidaceae (8), Convolvulaceae (5), especializada, comparação com material depositado no Lentibulariaceae (5), Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, herbário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Malvaceae e Turneraceae (4 (UFRN) e consultas a especialistas. Duplicatas das exsicatas cada), que somaram 60,9% do total da flora amostrada. Das foram enviadas aos herbários do Jardim Botânico do Rio de 58 famílias amostradas, 30 apresentaram uma espécie cada Janeiro (RB) e da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (Tabela 1). Cyperaceae tem sido apontada como a segunda (HUEFS) (acrônimos de acordo com Thiers 2017, família mais importante nos inventários florísticos das continuamente atualizado). restingas do estado da Bahia (Silva & Menezes 2012), Ceará Os nomes dos autores das espécies e a ocorrência de cada (Santos-Filho et al. 2011; Castro et al. 2012), Pernambuco espécie em domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros específicos (Almeida Jr. et al. 2009), Sergipe (Oliveira et al. 2014) e até (Amazônia, Mata Atlântica, Caatinga, Cerrado, Pantanal e mesmo no Rio Grande do Norte (Almeida Jr. & Zickel 2009). Pampa) foram determinados consultando a base de dados on- O destaque para a família Cyperaceae no presente trabalho é line da Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil (Flora do Brasil atribuído, principalmente, à proximidade das lagoas, habitats 2020 em construção). Consideramos de distribuição ampla úmidos aos quais muitas das Cyperaceae são adaptadas. aquelas espécies distribuídas em todos os domínios A segunda família mais abundante em número de espécies fitogeográficos, de distribuição restrita aquelas espécies (18 spp.), Poaceae, foi também a segunda mais importante no distribuídas em dois ou mais domínios fitogeográficos levantamento florístico de Freire (1990) realizado no Parque adjacentes, enquanto as espécies disjuntas aquelas que Estadual das Dunas de Natal. Dentre as espécies de Poaceae apresentam isolamento evidente em sua distribuição registradas no presente estudo, merece atenção Paspalum geográfica, através de uma barreira física ou geográfica (aqui maritimum Trin. que cresce formando densas populações em tal barreira foi caracterizada pela vegetação) e espécies de áreas com vegetação esparsa. É uma espécie vigorosa e distribuição muito restrita, aquelas que ocorreram em um resistente ao pisoteio e à seca (Maciel et al. 2009), único domínio fitogeográfico. caracterizada pelo crescimento de rizomas longos e estolhos Para enquadrar quais espécies eram endêmicas do Brasil e que alcançam considerável comprimento em ambientes quais eram novos registros para o RN foram consultadas abertos (Oliveira et al. 2013) tornando-se um elemento muito diferentes obras na literatura e a Lista de Espécies da Flora do importante na fixação de dunas (Leite & Andrade 2004; Brasil (Flora do Brasil 2020, em construção). O livro Plantas Araújo et al. 2016). Raras do Brasil (Giulietti et al. 2009) foi consultado para Os ambientes costeiros são influenciados por fatores verificar possível ocorrência de espécies raras. As formas abióticos intensos e extremos, os representantes dessas biológicas das espécies foram classificadas conforme famílias são elementos importantes para a formação e Whittaker (1975). A classificação das angiospermas em caracterização da fisionomia psamófila-reptante (Almeida Jr. famílias está conforme as modificações propostas por Souza & Zickel 2009). A expressividade de Cyperaceae e Poaceae & Lorenzi (2005) e aceitas pela Flora do Brasil 2020 e das na área estudada ocorre pelo fato de a própria fisionomia monilófitas Smith et al. (2006). Quanto à síndrome de favorecer esse desenvolvimento, uma vez que os dispersão, as espécies foram categorizadas em anemocóricas, representantes dessas famílias são dispersos e polinizados pelo zoocóricas ou autocóricas (Van der Pijl 1982). vento, o que facilita o seu estabelecimento em ambientes abertos (Cabral Freire & Monteiro 1993). 3. Resultados e discussão Fabaceae representou a terceira família mais rica em número de espécies. No entanto, foi a mais numerosa nas Levantamento florístico - Foram registradas 169 espécies restingas do Ceará (Santos-Filho et al. 2011), Maranhão de plantas vasculares, 131 gêneros e 58 famílias na restinga da (Cabral Freire & Monteiro 1993), Rio Grande do Norte (Freire APA Bonfim-Guaraíras (Tabela 1). Uma amostra de briófita 1990; Almeida Jr. & Zickel 2009), Bahia (Queiroz et al. foi coletada. No entanto, por não ter sido identificada, não a 2012), Sergipe (Oliveira et al. 2014) e Piauí (Santos-Filho et incluímos no presente estudo. Alguns estudos florísticos al. 2013) e a segunda mais importante nos levantamentos realizados em outras áreas de restingas na costa do Nordeste feitos em Pernambuco (Silva et al. 2008) e Bahia (Queiroz brasileiro apresentaram riqueza de espécies mais baixa que o 2007). Myrtaceae não apresentou grande riqueza de espécies aqui encontrado, mesmo quando a área ou tempo de quando comparada com outros estudos de restinga (Freire amostragem foram semelhantes ao do presente estudo (e.g., 1990, Assis et al. 2004, Silva et al. 2008). Em uma análise Freire & Monteiro 1993, Matias & Nunes 2001, Leite & correlacionando riqueza de táxons em famílias e fisionomias Andrade 2004, Sacramento et al. 2007, Almeida Jr. & Zickel vegetais, Myrtaceae se destacou como a segunda melhor 2009, Cantarelli et al. 2012).

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PlantNow 1: 12–26 (2020) SOUSA & VERSIEUX família indicadora de vegetação de restinga arbórea (Murray- ainda são escassos no Brasil (Tibiriçá et al. 2006), Smith et al. 2009). Aqui apenas três espécies, número igual especialmente na região Nordeste (Oliveira et al. 2012). A àquele registrado na composição florística da praia da Pipa, baixa diversidade listada aqui (17 espécies) é semelhante aos RN (Almeida Jr. & Zickel 2009) foram registradas. dados registrados por Oliveira et al. (2012), que também Entretanto, no levantamento florístico realizado por Freire encontraram baixa riqueza de trepadeiras (20 spp.) em um (1990) no Parque Estadual das Dunas do Natal, RN, fragmento de mata no município de Parnamirim, vizinho à Myrtaceae esteve representada por 15 espécies, sendo Nísia Floresta. Foram encontradas três famílias de monilófitas considerada a terceira família em número de espécies; Damaso no estrato inferior. Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito (2009) registrou a ocorrência de 11 espécies de Myrtaceae na (Thelypteridaceae) e Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. vegetação dunar de Natal, e Silva et al. (2015) que registraram (Pteridaceae) crescem em áreas alagadas, entre espécies de 13 espécies no Centro de Lançamento Barreira do Inferno, Eleocharis R. Br. (Cyperaceae). Microgramma vacciniifolia município de Parnamirim. Nas restingas da região Sudeste, as (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel. (Polypodiaceae) é encontrada no espécies dessa família chegam a formar as chamadas moitas interior da floresta, sobre a serapilheira e próximo ao tronco de Myrtaceae (Almeida Jr. et al. 2009). Todavia, apesar de sua das árvores. As monilófitas são elementos importantes importância nas restingas nordestinas, na APA Bonfim- florística e fisionomicamente em áreas costeiras (e.g. Queiroz Guaraíras, os seus representantes não formam populações et al. 2012, Oliveira et al. 2014), embora estudos envolvendo agrupadas em moitas. este grupo nas restingas do nordeste brasileiro são raros A maior riqueza de gêneros foi apresentada pelas famílias (Santos et al. 2004). Poacae (12), Fabaceae (10) e Cyperaceae (9). Os gêneros mais Modos de dispersão - A dispersão compreende o representativos em número de espécies foram Utricularia L. deslocamento dos diásporos para longe da planta-mãe, até um (Lentibulariaceae), com cinco espécies, Bulbostylis Kunth, ambiente que ofereça condições favoráveis para o Eleocharis R. Br. e Rhynchospora Vahl (Cyperaceae), com estabelecimento das plântulas (Abraham de Noir et al. 2002). quatro espécies cada, Ipomoea L. (Convolvulaceae), A dispersão é um mecanismo importante na perpetuação das Paspalum L. (Poaceae), Stylosanthes Sw. (Fabaceae) e Xyris espécies, pois ela diminui a competição, a predação de Gronov. ex L. (Xyridaceae), com três espécies cada. sementes e o adensamento de plântulas, possibilitando a As espécies herbáceas foram predominantes, sendo a colonização de novas áreas (Oliveira-Filho et al. 1996, Silva distribuição por hábitos assim representada: ervas (100 & Tabarelli 2001). Entretanto, apesar da importância dos espécies), subarbustos (27), arbustos (20), trepadeiras (17) e mecanismos de dispersão para a manutenção da árvores (5). O maior número de ervas, subarbustos e arbustos biodiversidade florestal e dos ecossistemas (Abraham de Noir encontrados na APA Bonfim-Guaraíras reflete a et al. 2002), estudos abordando as síndromes de dispersão em predominância das fitofisionomias herbácea e arbustiva ambientes de restinga são escassos e estes estão mais (Oliveira et al. 2014). Em um levantamento realizado em áreas concentrados no sudeste do Brasil (Almeida Jr. et al., 2007, de restinga no Ceará, a maioria das espécies encontradas Amaral et al. 2015). No presente estudo, o modo de dispersão pertencia ao estrato herbáceo (Santos-Filho et al. 2011, Castro predominante entre as espécies foi a autocoria (50%, 90 spp.), et al. 2012). De acordo com estes autores, a presença do seguido de zoocoria (31%, 26 spp.) e anemocoria (15%, 26 componente herbáceo em ambientes de restingas reflete a spp.). A dispersão zoocórica é dominante em florestas úmidas característica pioneira da vegetação, adaptada aos locais de tropicais (Tabarelli & Peres 2002), sendo também esperado condições ambientais adversas e abertas. que esta proporção ocorra em florestas litorâneas (Almeida Jr. O hábito trepador está representado pelas famílias et al. 2007). De fato, um estudo realizado em área de restinga Apocynaceae e Convolvulaceae (3 spp. cada), Passifloraceae no sudeste do Brasil registrou 87% das espécies com dispersão (2 spp.), Aristolochiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Dilleniaceae, zoocórica (Talora & Morelato 2000); em outro estudo Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Marcgraviaceae, Orchidaceae, desenvolvido em floresta de restinga no estado do Pará, os Sapindaceae e Vitaceae (uma espécie cada). De acordo com resultados mostraram que a zoocoria foi a síndrome Gentry (1991), 26 famílias de angiospermas abrangem 85% de predominante, representada em 89% das espécies (Amaral et todas as lianas do Novo Mudo, sendo Apocynaceae, al. 2015). No entanto, os resultados obtidos no presente estudo Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Bignoniaceae, Malpighiaceae, apontam proporções diferentes daqueles registrados na Sapindaceae, Passifloraceae e Cucurbitaceae as mais ricas em literatura (Tabarelli & Peres 2002), provavelmente porque espécies. Apesar de sua elevada importância nas florestas nessas áreas amostradas, as espécies herbáceas e arbustivas tropicais, levantamentos florísticos envolvendo as trepadeiras são predominantes, caracterizando-as como comunidades pioneiras.

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TABELA 1. Lista das espécies de plantas vasculares registradas na APA Bonfim-Guaraíras, Nísia Floresta, RN, Brasil: LAM = Lagoa Amarela; LJU = Lagoa da Juventude; SL = Sete Lagoas; LI = Lagoa da Ilhota; LAL = Lagoa de Alcaçuz. Domínios fitogeográficos onde a ocorrência da espécie é reportada na Flora do Brasil 2020 (em construção): AM = Amazônia; CA = Caatinga; CE = Cerrado; MA = Mata Atlântica, PP = Pampa e PT = Pantanal. (*) = primeira ocorrência para o RN. (■) = espécie exótica invasora. (†) = endêmica do Brasil, segundo a Flora do Brasil 2020. Coletores dos vouchers (iniciais): VFS = Valdeci Fontes de Sousa; JASL = Juliana Aparecida Souza Leroy; LMV = Leonardo de Melo Versieux; GG = Gabriel Garcia; ASS = Arthur de Souza Soares; WSM = Wallace São-Mateus; EOM = Edwesley Otaviano Moura; RCO = Regina Célia de Oliveira. As ocorrências estão documentadas por vouchers depositados no herbário UFRN.

Família/Espécie Hábito Domínios Distribuição Síndromes Voucher fitogeográficos geográfica no de Dispersão

Brasil LI SL LJU LAL LAM

MONILÓFITAS POLYPODIACEAE Microgramma vacciniifolia (Langsd. & Fisch.) Copel. Erva CE-MA Disjunta Anemocórica VFS 314 x x PTERIDACEAE Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brongn. Erva MA-PT Disjunta Anemocórica VFS 395 x THELYPTERIDACEAE Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Ito Erva AM-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica VFS 167 x ANGIOSPERMAS ANACARDIACEAE Anacardium occidentale L. Árvore AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 347 x x MA-PP-PT ALISMATACEAE Helanthium tenellum (Mart.) Britton Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica JASL 30 x MA-PT APOCYNACEAE † Ditassa crassifolia Decne. Trepadeira CE-MA Disjunta Anemocórica VFS 247 x Hancornia speciosa Gomes Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 100 x MA † Mandevilla moricandiana (A.DC.) Woodson Trepadeira CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica VFS 265 x Mandevilla scabra (Hoffmmans. ex Roem. & Schult.) Trepadeira AM-CA-CE- Ampla Anemocórica VFS 214 x K. Schum. MA ARACEAE † Anthurium affine Schott Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Zoocórica VFS 293 x x x Philodendron acutatum Schott Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 438 x MA ARISTOLOCHIACEAE † Aristolochia disticha Mast. Trepadeira AM-CA-MA. Restrita Anemocórica VFS 446 x ASTERACEAE † Aspilia procumbens Baker Erva CA Muito Restrita Anemocórica VFS 179 x † Elephantopus hirtiflorus DC. Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica VFS 230 x Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC. ex Wight Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Anemocórica VFS 445 x MA †*Stilpnopappus trichospiroides Mart. ex DC. Erva CA-CE Restrita Anemocórica VFS 307 x BIGNONIACEAE † Lundia longa (Vell.) DC. Trepadeira CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica VFS 324 x BORAGINACEAE †Euploca paradoxa (Mart.) J.I.M. Melo & Semir Erva CA-CE Restrita Autocórica VFS 183 x x x Euploca polyphylla Erva AM-CA-MA Disjunta Autocórica VFS 420 x x x (Lehm.) J.I.M. Melo & Semir Myriopus candidulus (Miers) Feuillet Subarbusto CA-CE Restrita Zoocórica VFS 234 x BROMELIACEAE † Cryptanthus zonathus (Vis.) Vis. Erva MA Muito Restrita Zoocórica GG 135 x † Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez Erva MA Muito Restrita Zoocórica VFS 440 x x CABOMBACEAE Cabomba aquatica Aubl. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 338 x MA

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Família/Espécie Hábito Domínios Distribuição Síndromes Voucher fitogeográficos geográfica no de Dispersão

Brasil LI SL LJU LAL LAM

CACTACEAE † Cereus jamacaru DC. Árvore CA-CE Restrita Zoocórica DSC Morais 01 x † Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff. Subarbusto CA-MA Restrita Zoocórica VFS 443A x † Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byles & Rowley Árvore CA-MA Restrita Zoocórica GG 125 x CELASTRACEAE † Monteverdia erythroxyla (Reissek) Biral Arbusto CA-CE-MA Restrita Zoocórica VFS 170 x COMMELINACEAE Commelina erecta L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 325 x MA-PT Commelina obliqua Vahl Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 405 x MA CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta racemosa Mart. Erva CE-MA Disjunta Autocórica VFS 175 x † Daustinia montana (Moric.) Buril & A.R. Simões Trepadeira CA-CE-MA Ampla Autocórica VFS 407 x x Ipomoea asarifolia (Desr.) Roem. & Schult. Erva AM-CA-MA Disjunta Autocórica VFS 380 x x † Ipomoea brasiliana (Choisy) Meisn. Trepadeira CA-CE Restrita Autocórica GG 193 x † Ipomoea rosea Choisy Trepadeira CA-CE-MA Restrita Autocórica VFS 408 x CHRYSOBALANACEAE Chrysobalanus icaco L. Arbusto AM-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 108 x Hirtella racemosa Lam. Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 95 x MA CYPERACEAE Bulbostylis capillaris (L.) C.B. Clarke Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 112 x x MA-PP-PT Bulbostylis conifera (Kunth) C.B. Clarke Erva AM-CA- Ampla Autocórica VFS 169 x CE-MA Bulbostylis junciformis (Kunth) C.B. Clarke Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 189 x MA-PP-PT Bulbostylis scabra (J. Presl. & C. Presl.) C.B. Clarke Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 311 x MA Cyperus meyenianus Kunth Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 253 x x x MA-PP-PT Cyperus ligularis L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 433 x x x MA Cyperus metzii (Hochst. ex Steud.) Mattf. & Kük. Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Autocórica RCO 1697 x Cyperus obtusatus (J. Presl. & C. Presl.) Mattf. & Kük. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica EOM 239 x MA-PP-PT

† Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) J. Presl. & C. Presl. Erva AM-CA Disjunta Autocórica JASL 62 x Eleocharis minima Kunth Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 442 x x MA-PP Eleocharis geniculata (L.) Roem & Schult. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica LMV 594 x MA-PP-PT Eleocharis interstincta (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 357 x x MA-PT Fimbristylis cymosa R. Br. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 209 x x MA Fuirena umbellata Rottb. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 168 x x MA-PP-PT Lagenocarpus rigidus (Kunth) Nees Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 182 x MA-PT Rhynhospora aberrans C.B. Clarke Erva CA Muito Restrita Autocórica VFS 101 x x Rhynchospora barbata (Vahl) Kunth Erva AM-CA-CE Restrita Autocórica GG 27 x Rhynchospora holoschoenoides (Rich.) Herter. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica JASL 223 x MA-PP-PT Rhynhospora tenerrima Nees ex Spreng. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 257 x MA Scleria secans (L.) Urb. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 215 x MA-PP-PT DILLENIACEAE † Tetracera breyniana Schltdl. Trepadeira MA Muito Restrita Zoocórica VFS 194 x x

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Família/Espécie Hábito Domínios Distribuição Síndromes Voucher fitogeográficos geográfica no de Dispersão

Brasil LI SL LJU LAL LAM

ERIOCAULACEAE Eriocaulon cinereum R. Br. Erva AM-CA-CE- Disjunta Autocórica JASL 55 x PT *Tonina fluviatilis Aubl. Erva AM-CA-MA Disjunta Autocórica VFS 381 x EUPHORBIACEAE Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 421 x MA-PT † Dalechampia convolvuloides Lam. Trepadeira AM-CA-MA Disjunta Autocórica VFS 237 x Euphorbia hyssopifolia L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 366 x MA-PP Microstachis corniculata (Vahl) Griseb. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 233 x x x MA FABACEAE † Andira fraxinifolia Benth. Árvore CA-CE-MA Restrita Zoocórica LMV 581 x † Andira humilis Mart. ex Benth. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE Restrita Zoocórica WSM 117 x Centrosema brasilianum (L.) Benth. Trepadeira AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 328 x x MA-PT Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) Irwin & Barneby Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 103 x x x MA-PT Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 195 x x x MA-PP-PT Clitoria laurifolia Poir. Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 352 x x MA *Crotalaria pallida Aiton Subarbusto AM-CE-MA- Ampla Autocórica VFS 343 x PP † Indigofera microcarpa Desv. Erva CA-MA Restrita Autocórica VFS 391 x x x †Mimosa misera Benth. Erva CA-CE Restrita Autocórica x x *Mimosa somnians Willd. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 384 x PT Stylosanthes viscosa (L.) Sw. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 390 x x x x MA Stylosanthes angustifolia Vogel Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 235 x MA *Stylosanthes gracilis Kunth Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 242 x MA † Tephrosia egregia Sandwith Subarbusto CA-MA Restrita Autocórica VFS 348 x Zornia latifolia Sm. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 363 x MA-PP-PT GENTIANACEAE Schultesia guianensis (Aubl.) Malme Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 309 x x MA KRAMERIACEAE Krameria tomentosa A.St.-Hil. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 226 x x MA LAMIACEAE † Eplingiella fruticosa (Salzm. ex Benth.) Harley & J.B. Subarbusto CA-MA Restrita Autocórica VFS 93 x Pastore

Hypenia salzmannii (Benth.) Harley Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Autocórica GG 194 x Hyptis brevipes Poit. Erva AM-CE-MA- Ampla Autocórica VFS 443 x PP-PT Marsypianthes chamaedrys (Vahl) Kuntze Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 304 x x MA-PT LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia gibba L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 464 x MA-PT Utricularia cornuta Michx. Erva CE Muito Restrita Autocórica JASL 41 x Utricularia resupinata B.D. Greene ex Bigelow Erva AM-MA Disjunta Autocórica JASL 59 x Utricularia simulans Pilg. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica GG 32 x MA Utricularia subulata L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica JASL 60 x MA

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Família/Espécie Hábito Domínios Distribuição Síndromes Voucher fitogeográficos geográfica no de Dispersão

Brasil LI SL LJU LAL LAM

LINDERNIACEAE Torenia thouarsii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 212 x x MA-PT LOGANIACEAE † Strychnos parvifolia A. DC. Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 460 x x MA LORANTHACEAE † Psittacanthus dichroos (Mart.) Mart. Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 202 x x MA LYTHRACEAE † Cuphea flava Spreng. Subarbusto MA Muito Restrita Autocórica VFS 96 x MALPIGHIACEAE † Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss. Arbusto MA-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 116 x MA Byrsonima cydoniifolia A. Juss. Arbusto CA-CE-PT Ampla Zoocórica VFS 120 x † Stigmaphyllon paralias A. Juss. Arbusto CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica ASS 57 x MALVACEAE Pavonia cancellata (L.) Cav. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 447 x MA Sida brittoni León Subarbusto CA-MA Restrita Zoocórica VFS 308 x Sida linifolia Cav. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 344 x MA-PT Waltheria indica L. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 210 x x x x MA-PT MARCGRAVIACEAE † Schwartzia brasiliensis (Choisy) Bedell ex Gir. Cañas) Trepadeira CE-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 117 x MAYACACEAE Mayaca fluviatilis Aubl. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica JASL 53 x MA-PT MELASTOMATACEAE Acisanthera bivalvis (Aubl.) Cogn. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 118 x x MA † Comolia ovalifolia (DC.) Triana Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 98 x x x x MA MOLLUGINACEAE Mollugo verticillata L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 323 x x MA-PP MYRTACEAE † Myrcia bergiana O. Berg. Arbusto CA-MA Restrita Zoocórica VFS 172 x Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 240 x x x MA *Myrciaria floribunda (H. West. & Willd.) O. Berg Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 248 x x MA NYCTAGINACEAE † Guapira pernambucensis (Casar.) Lundell Arbusto MA Muito Restrita Zoocórica VFS 329 x OCHNACEAE Sauvagesia erecta L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 299 x MA ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H. Raven Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 388 x x x MA-PT ORCHIDACEAE Brassavola tuberculata Hook. Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica GG 191 x † Cattleya granulosa Lindl. Erva MA Muito Restrita Anemocórica MRO Trindade x 41 † * Cyrtopodium flavum Link & Otto ex Rchb. Erva CE-MA Disjunta Anemocórica GG 108 x † Cyrtopodium holstii L.C. Menezes Erva AM-CA-MA Disjunta Anemocórica VFS 463 x † * Encyclia oncidioides (Lindl.) Schltr. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Anemocórica GG 121 x MA † Epidendrum cinnabarinum Salzm. ex Lindl. Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica LMV 589 x

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Família/Espécie Hábito Domínios Distribuição Síndromes Voucher fitogeográficos geográfica no de Dispersão

Brasil LI SL LJU LAL LAM

Prescottia leptostachya Lindl. Erva CA-CE Restrita Anemocórica GG 190 x † Vanilla bahiana Hoehne Trepadeira CA-CE-MA Restrita Anemocórica VFS 461 x OROBANCHACEAE *Agalinis hispidula (Mart.) D’arcy Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 320 x PT *Buchnera palustris (Aubl.) Spreng. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 109 x PT PASSIFLORACEAE † Passiflora silvestris Vell. Trepadeira CE-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 382 x Passiflora foetida L. Trepadeira AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 415 x MA-PP-PT PHYTOLACCACEAE Microtea celosioides Moq. ex Sennikov & Sukhor. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 456 x MA-PT PLANTAGINACEAE † * Bacopa arenaria (J.A. Schmidt.) Loefgr. & Edwall. Erva AM-PT Disjunta Autocórica JASL 39 x Scoparia dulcis L. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 349 x MA-PP-PT POACEAE Andropogon selloanus (Hack.) Hack. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Anemocórica VFS 180 x x MA-PP Aristida setifolia Kunth Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Autocórica VFS 187 x x x x Axonopus capillaris (Lam.) Chase Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Anemocórica VFS 315 x MA † Axonopus complanatus (Nees) Dedecca Erva AM-CA-CE Restrita Anemocórica VFS 260 x x ■ Cenchrus echinatus L. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 340 x MA-PT Gouinia virgata (J. Presl.) Scribn. Erva CA Muito Restrita Autocórica VFS 254 x x x Gymnopogon foliosus (Willd,) Nees Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 432 x x MA Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 368 x MA-PT ■ Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka Erva CA-CE-MA Restrita Autocórica VFS 313 x x Mesosetum annuum Swallen Erva AM-CA-CE Restrita Anemocórica VFS 206 x Paspalidium geminatum (Forssk.) Stapf Erva AM-CA-MA- Ampla Autocórica VFS 426 x PT Paspalum gardnerianum Nees Erva AM-CA-CE Restrita Autocórica VFS 251 x Paspalum maritimum Trin. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS & LMV x x x x x MA 333 Paspalum pumilum Nees Erva AM-CE-MA- Ampla Autocórica VFS 113 x PP Reimarochloa brasiliensis (Spreng.) Hitch. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 188 x PT Streptostachys asperifolia Desv. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 197 x x MA Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 178 x x MA Trichanthecium parvifolium (Lam.) Zuloaga & Morrone Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 181 x MA-PP-PT POLYGALACEAE Asemeia violacea (Aubl.) J.F.B.Pastore & J.R.Abbott Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 377 x MA † Polygala trichosperma Jacq. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 252 x x x x MA POLYGONACEAE † Coccoloba alnifolia Casar. Arbusto CA-MA Restrita Zoocórica VFS 186 x x Coccoloba ramosissima Wedd. Arbusto AM-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 171 x PRIMULACEAE Myrsine guianensis (Aubl.) Kuntze Arbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 458 x MA RUBIACEAE

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Família/Espécie Hábito Domínios Distribuição Síndromes Voucher fitogeográficos geográfica no de Dispersão

Brasil LI SL LJU LAL LAM

Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 397 x MA Hexasepalum apiculatum (Willd.) Delprete & J.H. Kirkbr. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 164 x x MA-PP Guettarda platypoda DC. Arbusto AM-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 201 x † Mitracarpus eichleri K. Schum. Erva MA Muito Restrita Autocórica VFS 295 x Mitracarpus robustus E.B. Souza & E.L. Cabral Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 404 x x MA Richardia grandiflora (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. Erva CA-CE-MA- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 383 x PP *Staelia virgata (Link ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 97 x MA-PT † Tocoyena sellowiana (Cham. & Schldtl.) K. Schum. Arbusto AM-CA-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 238 x SAPINDACEAE Serjania glabrata Kunth Trepadeira AM-CA-CE- Ampla Anemocórica VFS 267 x MA-PT SOLANACEAE Solanum paludosum Moric Arbusto AM-CA-MA Disjunta Zoocórica VFS 216 x x TURNERACEAE † Piriqueta duarteana (A. St.–Hil., A. Juss. & Cambess.) Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica LMV 590 x Urb. MA Piriqueta viscosa Griseb. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 298 x MA Turnera melochioides A. St.–Hil. & Cambess. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 452 x MA Turnera subulata Sm. Subarbusto AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 392 x MA URTICACEAE Cecropia pachystachya Trécul Árvore AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 236 x MA-PT VIOLACEAE

Pombalia calceolaria (L.) Paula-Souza Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 300 x MA-PT VITACEAE † Cissus erosa Rich. Trepadeira AM-CA-CE- Ampla Zoocórica VFS 245 x MA XYRIDACEAE Xyris anceps Lam. Erva AM-CE-MA Restrita Autocórica JASL 27 x Xyris jupicai Rich. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 99 x x MA-PP-PT Xyris savanensis Miq. Erva AM-CA-CE- Ampla Autocórica VFS 122 x MA-PT

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Novas ocorrências, endemismo, espécies ameaçadas, Richardia grandiflora (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud., Cenchrus ruderais e parasitas - Registrou-se pela primeira vez a echinatus L., Commelina erecta L., Commelina obliqua Vahl ocorrência de Orobanchaceae para a flora do RN, representada e Mollugo verticillata L. (Leite & Andrade 2004, Silva et al. por duas espécies: Agalinis hispidula (Mart.) D’Arcy 2008). Essas plantas apresentam elevada produção de distribuída na Venezuela, Guianas, Suriname, Honduras, sementes e outras estratégias de reprodução assexuada, têm Cuba, Trinidad e Tobago e Brasil, nos estados das regiões alta capacidade de adaptação e são resistentes às condições Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste (Souza & Giulietti 2009) e adversas do ambiente (Bove et al. 2003) e sua presença em Buchnera palustris (Aubl.) Spreng., encontrada nos campos planícies costeiras do Brasil indica quanto o desenvolvimento da Venezuela e Guianas até o Brasil Central, diferindo urbano pode interferir na composição florística (Leite & facilmente das demais espécies do gênero por suas folhas Andrade 2004). uninérveas, híspido-escabras e lacínias do cálice ciliadas As plantas parasitas são naturalmente consideradas mais (Souza & Giulietti 2009). Na região Nordeste esta espécie raras em diversos ambientes (Souza et al. 2016). Cuscuta tinha sido registrada apenas para os estados da Bahia, racemosa Mart. (Convolvulaceae), planta desprovida de Maranhão e Piauí (Souza & Giulietti 2009). raízes e folhas e Psittacanthus dichroos (Mart.) Mart. Entre as espécies registradas, 51 são endêmicas do Brasil e (Loranthaceae) foram as espécies parasita e hemiparasita, 12 são consideradas como novos registros para a flora do Rio respectivamente, registradas na área de estudo. Psittacanthus Grande do Norte (Tabela 1), de acordo com a Lista de dichroos é conhecida popularmente como erva-de-passarinho, Espécies da Flora do Brasil (Flora do Brasil 2020 em uma vez que seus frutos são dispersos por Passeriformes. É construção). Algumas espécies coletadas durante a realização facilmente reconhecida em campo pelas suas folhas crassas e desse estudo são frequentemente coletadas no estado e citadas pela beleza de suas flores, sempre de coloração intensa em outros trabalhos sem, contudo, ocorrer à atualização na (alaranjada). plataforma de dados da Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil. A influência antrópica nos entornos e dentro da APA São elas: Cenchrus echinatus L. (Poaceae), Anthurium affine Bonfim-Guaraíras interfere na vegetação, o que levou à coleta Schott (Araceae), Coccoloba alnifolia Casar (Polygonaceae), de espécies com potencial invasor, como as Poaceae Cenchrus citadas em Freire (1990), Dalechampia convolvuloides Lam. echinatus L., considerada invasora agressiva e que apresenta (Euphorbiaceae) em Oliveira et al. (2012) e Pavonia potencial de deslocar as espécies nativas (Flint & Rehkemper cancellata (L.) Cav. que foi registrada em Versieux et al. 2002) e Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka, espécie africana (2017). O número de novos registros de ocorrências deve-se naturalizada que pode causar impacto na vegetação nativa, principalmente à escassez de levantamentos florísticos em substituindo-a e impedindo sua regeneração (Lorenzi 2008). áreas litorâneas do RN, mostrando a importância de mais As espécies invasoras possuem elevada capacidade de estudos não só de florística como também taxonômicos e reprodução e dispersão, reduzem a luminosidade do solo pela ecológicos. formação de espessa camada de biomassa, impedindo a Nenhuma das espécies listadas no presente estudo está germinação de espécies nativas que precisam de luminosidade incluída na categoria de espécie rara definida por Giulietti et para quebrar a dormência de suas sementes e extraem do solo al. (2009). No entanto, registrou-se a ocorrência de três grande quantidade de nutrientes para o seu crescimento (Asner espécies ameaçadas pelo MMA (2008): Cattleya granulosa & Beatty 1996, Pivello et al. 1999, Pivello 2011, Moro et al. Lindl. (Orchidaceae), endêmica da região costeira do nordeste 2012) ameaçando a biodiversidade local. brasileiro; Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff. (Cactaceae) e Aspilia Distribuição biogeográfica - Na APA Bonfim-Guaraíras procumbens (Asteraceae). Melocactus violaceus é uma não foi encontrada nenhuma espécie endêmica de restinga. De espécie que depende de micro-habitat específico para o seu acordo com Lima et al. (2011), a flora que se desenvolve nas estabelecimento e o avanço da especulação imobiliária em restingas abriga poucas espécies endêmicas. O baixo áreas de restinga tem sido uma das principais causas para a endemismo deve-se à idade jovem desses habitats, perda de seu habitat (Hughes et al. 2016). Outra ameaça a essa desprovidos de tempo suficiente para que ocorressem os espécie é a coleta ilegal para finalidade ornamental (Cardoso processos de especiação in situ (Rizzini 1997, Scarano 2002). et al. 2018). Entretanto, um complexo vegetacional característico se forma Espécies consideradas ruderais e que ocorrem em outros nesses ambientes devido a sua proximidade com os domínios ecossistemas também fazem parte da composição do estrato fitogeográficos vizinhos (Castro et al. 2012). Pelos dados herbáceo na APA Bonfim-Guaraíras, tais como Centrosema levantados, nota-se que a composição florística da APA brasilianum L. (Benth.), Chamaecrista ramosa (Vogel) Irwin Bonfim-Guaraíras é dominada por espécies provenientes & Barneby, Chamaecrista flexuosa (L.) Greene, Stylosanthes desses domínios adjacentes, visto que a maioria das espécies viscosa (L.) Sw., Mycrostachys corniculata (Vahl) Griseb., listadas apresenta registros de ocorrência na Mata Atlântica, Euphorbia hyssopifolia L., Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey., Amazônia, Caatinga e Cerrado (Fernandes & Queiroz 2015).

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Este resultado está de acordo com a generalização de que as pela bolsa de produtividade e ao programa formações pioneiras psamófilas são, em geral, dominadas por CNPq/Reflora/SIBBr pelo apoio à melhoria da coleção do espécies de ampla distribuição, que conseguem colonizar herbário UFRN e pela bolsa de apoio técnico (nº. ambientes e ocupar nichos vagos em diferentes habitats, 383382/2015-7). apresentando ampla tolerância aos condicionantes bióticos e abióticos encontrados. Referências Analisando a distribuição das espécies inventariadas neste Abraham de Noir F., Bravo S. & Abdala R. 2002. Mecanismos trabalho, observou-se que 58,5% das espécies (99 spp.) de dispersión de algunas especies de leñosas nativas del apresentaram distribuição ampla, as quais ocorrem em todos Chaco Occidental y Serrano. Quebracho 9: 140-150. os domínios fitogeográficos brasileiros; 21,9% (37 spp.) incluídas na categoria restrita, representadas em dois ou três Ab'Sáber A. N. 2006. Brasil, paisagens de exceção: o litoral e domínios adjacentes; 6,5% (11 spp.) com distribuição muito o Pantanal Mato-Grossense, patrimônios básicos. Cotia, restrita, encontradas apenas em um domínio; e 12% (21 spp.) SP: Ateliê Editorial. 182p. com distribuição disjunta (Tab. 1). Todos os domínios Almeida Jr. E. B. & Zickel C. S. 2009. Fisionomia psamófila- contribuíram com um número de espécies semelhante, entre reptante: riqueza e composição de espécies na praia da 115 e 144. Pipa, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Pesquisas, Botânica 60: A interpenetração de espécies oriundas das diferentes 289-299. fitosionomias tem sido observada por outros autores (Scarano et al. 2004). Levando em consideração esses resultados e a Almeida Jr. E. B. & Zickel C. S. 2012. Análise fisionomia da vegetação, pode-se apresentar a área de restinga fitossociológica do estrato arbustivo-arbóreo de uma da APA Bonfim-Guaraíras como recoberta por um complexo floresta de restinga no Rio Grande do Norte. Revista vegetacional em que há predominância de elementos Brasileira de Ciências Agrárias 7: 286-291. peculiares à vegetação de Mata Atlântica, de Cerrado e de Almeida Jr. E. B., Medeiros D., Vicente A., Lima L. F. & Caatinga. Esses resultados reforçam o caráter de espécies Lima P. B. 2007. Estudo comparativo entre síndromes de generalistas para a restinga, uma vez que muitas espécies dispersão em quatro áreas de Floresta Atlântica sensu lato, encontradas na restinga ocorrerão em mais de um domínio Nordeste, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Biociências 5: 498- fitogeográfico. 500.

Almeida Jr. E. B., Olivo M. A., Araújo E. L. & Zickel C. S. 2009. Caracterização da vegetação de restinga da RPPN de 4. Conclusões Maracaípe, PE, Brasil, com base na fisionomia, flora, Nossos resultados mostraram que a APA Bonfim-Guaraíras nutrientes do solo e lençol freático. Acta Botanica apresenta expressiva riqueza de espécies quando comparada a Brasilica 23: 36-48. outras áreas de restingas do litoral do nordeste brasileiro. A Alvares C. A., Stape J. L., Sentelhas P. C., Gonçalves J. L. M. descoberta de novos registros para o estado (12 spp.) revela & Sparovek G. 2013. Koppen’s climate classification map que ainda há muito que se estudar no RN, no qual for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22: 711-728. historicamente foram feitos poucos levantamentos com esforço amostral semelhante ao realizado neste trabalho. A Amaral D. D., Jardim M. A. G., Costa-Neto S. V. & Bastos partir dos dados apontados, também é possível afirmar que a M. N. C. 2015. Síndromes de dispersão de propágulos e a composição florística da APA Bonfim-Guaraíras é influência da floresta amazônica na composição de proveniente de espécies da Mata Atlântica, Cerrado e espécies lenhosas de uma restinga no litoral norte Caatinga. A síndrome de dispersão das espécies é brasileiro. Biota Amazônia 5: 28-37. predominantemente autocórica. Araújo A. C. M., Silva A. N. F. & Almeida Jr. E. B. 2016. Caracterização estrutural e status de conservação do 5. Agradecimentos estrato herbáceo de dunas da Praia de São Marcos, À Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, por Maranhão, Brasil. Acta Amazônica 46: 247-258. disponibilizar as dependências do Laboratório de Botânica Asner G. P. & Beatty S. W. 1996. Effects of an African grass Sistemática – Labots. Agradecemos à MSc. Juliana Leroy pelo invasion on Hawaian shrubland nitrogen biogeochemistry. auxílio nas expedições a campo. O primeiro autor agradece ao Plant & Soil 186: 205-211. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais pelo seu Assis A. M., Thomaz L. D. & Pereira O. J. 2004. Florística de Mestrado. Agradecemos a Alice Calvente, Fernanda Carvalho um trecho de floresta de restinga no município de e Gustavo Heiden pelas edições e comentários feitos nas versões anteriores deste manuscrito. LMV agradece ao CNPq

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Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica Central Pacific Ocean. In: Veitch C. R. & Clout M. N. 18: 191-201. (eds.). Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, p. 110- Assumpção J. & Nascimento M. T. 2000. Estrutura e 115. composição florística de quatro formações vegetais de restinga no complexo lagunar Grussaí/Iquipari, São João Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio da Barra, RJ, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 14: 301-315. de Janeiro. Disponível em: http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/. Acesso em: 25.08.2019. BFG - The Brazil Flora Group. 2015. Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil. Rodriguésia 66: Freire M. S. B. 1990. Levantamento florístico do Parque 1085-1113. Estadual das Dunas do Natal. Acta Botanica Brasilica 4: 41-59. Bove C. P., Gil A. S. B., Moreira C. B. & Anjos R. F. B. 2003. Hidrófitas fanerogâmicas de ecossistemas aquáticos Gentry A. H. 1991. The distribution and evolution of climbing temporários da planície costeira do estado do Rio de plants. In: Putz F. E. & Mooney H. A. (eds.). The biology Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 17: 119-135. of vines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 3-49. Brito A. E. R., Madeira Z. R., Costa F. A. P., Nunes E. P., Giulietti A. M., Rapini A., Andrade M. J. G., Queiroz L. P. & Matias L. Q. & Silva F. H. M. 2006. Vegetação Costeira Silva J. M. C. 2009. Plantas raras do Brasil. Belo do Nordeste Semi-Árido: Guia Ilustrado - Fortaleza - CE, Horizonte, MG. Conservação Internacional, 496p. Edições UFC, 275p. Hughes F. M., Jacobi C. M. & Borba E. L. 2016. Fate of Cabral Freire M. C. C. & Monteiro R. 1993. Florística das cohorts in Melocactus (Cactaceae) species is affected by praias da ilha de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão (Brasil): rainfall uncertainty and microrelief structures. Brazilian diversidade de espécies e suas ocorrências no litoral Journal of Botany 1: 1-9. brasileiro. Acta Amazônica 23: 125-140. IDEMA. 2008. Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável e do Cantarelli J. R. R., Almeida Jr. E. B., Santos-Filho F. S. & Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Norte. Área de Proteção Zickel C. S. 2012. Tipos fitofisionômicos e florística da Ambiental Estadual Bonfim-Guaraíra. Natal, RN, 193p. restinga da APA de Guadalupe, Pernambuco, Brasil. Leite A. V. L. & Andrade L. H. C. 2004. Riqueza de espécies Insula 41: 95-117. e composição florística em um ambiente de duna após 50 Cardoso W. C., Calvente A., Dutra V. F. & Sakuragui C. M. anos de pressão antrópica: um estudo na Praia de Boa 2018. Anthropic pressure on the diversity of Cactaceae in Viagem, Recife, PE - Brasil. Biotemas 17: 29-46. a region of Atlantic Forest in Eastern Brazil. Haseltonia Lima R. A. F., Oliveira A. A., Martini A. M. Z., Sampaio D., 24: 28-35. Souza V. C. & Rodrigues R. R. 2011. Structure, diversity, Castro A. S., Moro M. F. & Menezes M. O. T. 2012. O and spatial patterns in a permanent plot of a high restinga complexo vegetacional da zona litorânea do Ceará: Pecém, forest in southeastern Brazil. Acta Botanica Brasílica 25: São Gonçalo do Amarante. Acta Botanica Brasilica 26: 633-645. 108-124. Lorenzi H. 2008. Plantas daninhas do Brasil: Terrestres, Damaso P. P. 2009. Vegetação dunar: caracterização aquáticas, parasitas e tóxicas. 4ª ed. Plantarum, Nova estrutural de dunas do município de Natal - RN como Odessa, Brasil, 640p. subsídio para implantação de técnicas de reflorestamento, Maciel J. R., Oliveira R. C. & Alves M. 2009. Paspalum L. recuperação e conservação do ecossistema. Dissertação de (Poaceae: Panicoideae: Paniceae) no estado de Mestrado. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 23: 1145- Natal, 79p. 1161. Fernandes M. F. & Queiroz L. P. 2015. Floristic surveys of Magalhães R., Versieux L. M. & Calvente A. 2014. Aechmea Restinga Forests in southern Bahia, Brazil, reveal the muricata (Arruda) L.B. Sm. (Bromeliaceae: effects of geography on community composition. Bromelioideae): A new record of a threatened species for Rodriguésia 66: 51-73. Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil. Check List 10: Fidalgo O. & Bononi V. R. L. 1989. Técnicas de coleta, 434-435. preservação e herborização de material botânico. São Magnago L. F. S., Martins S. V., Schaefer C. E. G. R. & Neri Paulo: Instituto de Botânica, 62p. A. V. 2013. Structure and diversity of restingas along a Flint E. & Rehkemper C. 2002. Control and eradication of the flood gradient in southeastern Brazil. Acta Botanica introduced grass, Cenchrus echinatus, at Laysan Island, Brasilica 27: 801-809.

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Matias L. Q. & Nunes E. P. 2001. Levantamento florístico da Rizzini C. T. 1997. Tratado de fitogeografia do Brasil: Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jericoacoara, Ceará. Acta aspectos ecológicos, sociológicos e florísticos. 2 ed. Rio Botanica Brasilica 15: 35-43. de Janeiro: Âmbito Cultural Edições, 747p. MMA. 2008. Ministério do Meio Ambiente. Instrução Santos M. G., Sylvestre L. S. & Araujo D. S. D. 2004. Análise Normativa nº 6, de 23 de setembro de 2008. Ministério do florística das pteridófitas do Parque Nacional da Restinga Meio Ambiente, Brasília. Disponível em: de Jurubatiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Acta Botanica http://www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/179/_arquivos/179_05 Brasilica 18(2): 271-280. 122008033615.pdf. Acesso em: 23.10.2019. Santos-Filho F. S., Almeida Jr. E. B. & Zickel C. S. 2013. A Moro M. F., Souza V. C., Oliveira-Filho A. T., Queiroz L. P., flora das restingas de Parnaíba e Luiz Correia – litoral do Fraga C. N., Rodal M. J. N., Araújo F. S. & Martins F. R. Piauí, Brasil. In: Santos-Filho F. S., Leite Soares A. F. C. 2012. Alienígenas na sala: o que fazer com espécies & Almeida Jr. E. B. (eds.). Biodiversidade do Piauí: exóticas em trabalhos de taxonomia, florística e pesquisas & perspectivas. Volume II. Curitiba: CRV, p. fitossociologia? Acta Botanica Brasilica 26: 991-999. 36-59. Murray-Smith C., Brummitt N. A., Oliveira-Filho A. T., Santos-Filho F. S., Almeida Jr. E. B., Bezerra L. F., Lima L. Bachman S., Moat J., Lughadha E. M. & Lucas E. J. 2009. F. & Zickel C. S. 2011. Magnoliophyta, restinga Plant diversity hotspots in the Atlantic coastal forests of vegetation, state of Ceará, Brazil. Check List 7: 478-485. Brazil. Conservation Biology 23: 151-63. Scarano F. R. 2002. Structure, function and floristic Oliveira A. C. P., Mota M. L. & Loiola M. I. B. 2012. relationships of plants communities in stressful habitats Diversidade florística e chave de identificação de marginal to the Brazilian Atlantic rainforest. Annals of trepadeiras em uma floresta estacional semidecidual em Botany 90: 517-524. Parnamirim, RN, Brasil. Revista Caatinga 25: 153-158. Scarano F. R. 2009. Plant communities at the periphery of the Oliveira E. V. S., Lima J. F., Silva T. C. & Landim M. F. 2014. Atlantic rain forest: rare-species bias and its risks for Checklist of the flora of the Restingas of Sergipe State, conservation. Biological Conservation 142: 1201-1208. Northeast Brazil. Check List 10: 529-549. Scarano F. R., Cirne P., Nascimento M. T., Sampaio M. C., Oliveira R. C., Santana S. H., Silva A. S., Maciel J. R. & Valls Villela D. M., Wendt T. & Zaluar H. L. T. 2004. Ecologia J. F. M. 2013. Paspalum (Poaceae) no Rio Grande do vegetal: integrando ecossistemas, comunidades, Norte, Brasil. Rodriguésia 64: 847-862. populações e organismos. In: Rocha C. F. D., Esteves F. A. & Scarano F. R. (eds.). Pesquisas de longa duração na Oliveira-Filho A. T., Camisão-Neto A. A. & Volpato M. M. restinga de Juruabatiba. Ecologia, história natural e L. 1996. Structure and dispersion of four tree populations conservação. São Carlos, Rima editora, p. 77-97. in an area of montane semideciduous forest in southeastern Brazil. Biotropica 28:762-769. Serra F. C. V., Lima P. B. & Almeida Jr. E. B. 2016. Species richness in restinga vegetation on the eastern Maranhão Pivello V. R. 2011. Invasões biológicas no cerrado brasileiro. State, Northeastern Brazil. Acta Amazonica 46: 271-280. Efeito da introdução de espécies exóticas sobre a biodiversidade. Ecologia Info 33. Disponível em: Silva J. L. A., Souza A. F., Jardim J. G. & Goto B. T. 2015. http://ecologia.info./cerrado.htm. Acesso em: 20.09.2019. Community assembly in harsh environments: the prevalence of ecological drift in the heath vegetation of Pivello V. R., Shida C. N. & Meirelles S. T. 1999. Alien South America. Ecosphere 6(7): 1-18. grasses in Brazilian savannas: a threat to biodiversity. Biodiversity & Conservation 8: 1281-1294. Silva M. G. & Tabarelli M. 2001. Seed dispersal, plant recruitment and spatial distribution of Bactris Queiroz E. P. 2007. Levantamento florístico e acanthocarpa Martius (Arecaceae) in a remnant of georreferenciamento das espécies com potencial Atlantic forest in northeast Brazil. Acta Oecologica 22: econômico e ecológico em restinga de Mata de São João, 259-268. Bahia, Brasil. Biotemas 20: 41-47. Silva S. S. L., Zickel C. S. & Cestaro L. A. 2008. Flora Queiroz E. P., Cardoso D. B. O. S. & Ferreira M. H. S. 2012. vascular e perfil fisionômico de uma restinga no litoral sul Composição florística da vegetação de restinga da APA de Pernambuco. Acta Botanica Brasilica 22: 1123-1135. Rio Capivara, Litoral Norte da Bahia, Brasil. Sitientibus 12: 119-141. Silva V. I. S. & Menezes C. M. 2012. Contribuição para o conhecimento da vegetação de restinga de Massarandupió,

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Município de Entre Rios, BA, Brasil. Revista da Gestão Thiers B. [continuamente atualizado]. Index Herbariorum: A Costeira Integrada 12: 239-251. global directory of public herbaria and associated staff. New York Botanical Garden’s Virtual Herbarium. Smith A. R., Pryer K. M., Schuettpelz E., Korall P., Schneider Disponível em: http://sweetgum.nybg.org/ih/. Acesso em: H. & Wolf P. G. 2006. A classification of extant ferns. 10.09.2019. Taxon 55: 705-731. Trindade A. 1991. Estudo florístico e fitossociológico do Soares A. S., Pastore J. F. B. & Jardim J. G. 2017. New estrato arbustivo-arbóreo de um trecho da floresta records, conservation assesments and distribuition of arenícola costeira do Parque Estadual das Dunas, Natal - Lamiaceae in Rio Grande do Norte, northeastern, Brazi. RN. Dissertação Mestrado. Universidade Federal Rural de Phytotaxa 311: 43-56. Pernambuco, Recife, 132p. Souza V. C. & Giulietti A. M. 2009. Levantamento das Van der Pijl L. 1982. Principles of dispersal in higher plants. espécies de Scrophulariaceae sensu lato nativas do Brasil. 2. ed. Berlim: Springer-Verlag, 211p. Pesquisas, Botânica 60: 7-288. Versieux L. M., Magalhães R. & Calvente A. 2013. Extension Souza V. C. & Lorenzi H. 2005. Botânica sistemática: of the Cryptanthus range in Northeastern Brazil with new ilustrado para identificação das famílias de Angiospermas findings in the phenotypic variation including changes in da flora brasileira, baseado em APG II. Nova Odessa: the trichome’s distribution, thus enhancing the Instituto Plantarum, 640p. understanding of the Cryptanthus zonatus complex Souza W. O., Machado J. O., Tognella M. M. P. & Alves- (Bromeliaceae). Phytotaxa 109: 54-60. Araújo A. 2016. Checklist de Angiospermas do Parque Versieux L. M., Dávila N., Delgado G. C., Sousa V. F., Moura Estadual de Itaúnas, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Rodriguésia E. O., Filgueiras T., Alves M. V., Carvalho E., Piotto D., 67: 571-581. Forzza R. C., Calvente A., Jardim J. G. 2017. Integrative Tabarelli M. & Peres C. A. 2002. Abiotic and vertebrate seed research identifies 71 new plant species records in the state dispersal in the Brazilian Atlantic forest: implications for of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil) and enhances a small forest regeneration. Biological Conservation 106: 165- herbarium collection during a funding shortage. 176. PhytoKeys 86: 43-74. Talora D. C. & Morellato L. P. C. 2000. Fenologia de espécies Villwock J. A., Lessa G. C., Suguio K., Angulo R. J. & arbóreas em floresta de planície litorânea do sudeste do Dillenburg S. R. 2005. Geologia e geomorfologia de Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Botânica 23: 13-26. regiões costeiras. In: Sousa C. R. G., Suguio K., Oliveira A. M. S., Oliveira P. E. (eds.). Quaternário do Brasil. Ed. Tibiriçá Y. J. A., Coellho L. F. M. & Moura L. C. 2006. Holos, Ribeirão Preto, p. 94-113. Florística de lianas em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, Parque Estadual de Vassununga, Santa Rita Whittaker R. H. 1975. Communities and ecosystems. 2 ed. do Passa Quatro, SP, Brasil. Acta Botanica Brasilica 20: New York: MacMillan, 385p. 339-346.

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Ornamental potential of restinga plants from Rio Grande do Norte: towards a sustainable landscaping

Valdeci F. Sousa1 and Leonardo M. Versieux1

1 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Herbário UFRN, Natal, 59072-970, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

E-mail: [email protected]

Academic editor: Alice Calvente Received 07 Sept 2019 Accepted for publication 29 Jan 2019 Published 30 Apr 2020

Abstract Combining development and conservation of the environment is one of the greatest challenges of our time. With increasing urbanization and the consequent fragmentation of natural habitats, green spaces in urban areas become an important tool for biodiversity conservation. However, to conserve biodiversity in urban areas it is suggested to use native species, what also ends as being an ex-situ conservation method. The present work aimed to identify native species of the coastal sand plains restinga of Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, Rio Grande do Norte State, Northeastern Brazil, that have ornamental potential to be used in landscape projects. Twenty-five species grouped in 22 genera and 16 families with ornamental potential were selected and analyzed. The families that presented the most positive esthetic characteristics for landscape use were Convolvulaceae (3 species), Apocynaceae, Araceae, Cactaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Fabaceae and Rubiaceae (2 species each). A predominance of vines (10 species) was observed, followed by herbs (4 species). Most of the species analyzed here are cited for the first time concerning to their ornamental potential.

Keywords: Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, biodiversity, ex situ conservation, horticulture, native species

to the mark of more than 50% of the global population living 1. Introduction in urban environments (Goddard et al. 2009). With the global increase in urbanization, the natural Combining development and conservation of the environment becomes increasingly fragmented, highlighting environment is one of the greatest challenges of our time. With the importance of green spaces in the urban environment in the advancement of science and technology, the human order to conserve biodiversity. Although subject to the species seeks life quality for the future, however in the present consequences of human population density, green areas in people are still generating immediate problems that affect the urban spaces are becoming increasingly important refuges for balance of the environment. Data from the United Nations native biodiversity compared to those anthropized, deforested, Population Fund (UNFPA 2007) indicate that the world’s unproductive, degraded areas, polluted environments and or population is increasingly becoming urban. In 2008 it reached fields dominated by monoculture (Goddard et al. 2009).

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Vegetation plays a fundamental role in urban four gardening stores in Natal it became evident that those environments, providing food, breeding sites and shelter for establishments resell plants produced elsewhere, particularly local fauna, in addition to providing a more pleasant from southern states (indicating a small local production) and microclimate (Smith et al. 2006). Among the benefits brought a rough estimate indicated that 80% of the plants available in by living together in a healthy urban environment and with local’s sellers were exotic species. Also, most sellers did not green areas are the services provided for the environment, know which species would be native (to Brazil) or how to maintaining urban biodiversity, increasing the city’s social distinguish them from the exotic ones. A cause of worry is that reputation, contributing to health and well-being, influencing some nurseries mentioned that clients would prefer well the social status and property prices through gardening and known and fashionable exotic species rather than native landscaping (Goddard et al. 2009). Regarding health problems species. Additional and important information was gathered and citizen´s life quality, Macintyre et al. (2003) stated that during the undergraduate course of Botany Applied to people living in urban areas without access to gardens have Landscape Design offered by the senior author at the Federal higher rates of anxiety and depression. University of Rio Grande do Norte. Students were grouped Currently, great emphasis has been given to the biodiversity and asked to prepare a complete inventory of a total of 20 of cultivated gardens in urban areas. However, to conserve gardens in different neighborhoods of Natal. The results found biodiversity in urban spaces it is necessary to consciously a total of 189 species, mostly herbs. Of this total, 115 (~60%) employ native plant species, which should be preferably were exotic to Brazil, while 74 were native. Ixora coccinea related to the biome or area´s vegetation (Isernhagem et al. (an exotic Rubiaceae from Southeastern Asia) was nearly 2009, Versieux et al. 2015). Also, using native species in ubiquitous, being present in 19 out of the 20 gardens urban green areas is a method of ex-situ conservation (Reis et inventoried, and usually in high numbers of individuals. It is al. 2003, Clarkson et al. 2007) and in this sense it is also concerning that exotics and invasive species seen in emphasized the use of native species threatened with public gardens are now observed within reserves and natural extinction as a way to incorporate conservation values areas, including the scandent shrub Cryptostegia (Barroso et al. 2007, Isernhagem et al. 2009, Silva and Perelló madagascariensis Bojer (Apocynaceae) and the tree 2010). Also, by making use of native species in urban areas is Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit (Fabaceae). Although an interesting way to achieve environmental education goals, such numbers are preliminary, they are important to give us an spreading the natural and regional identity of the local idea about the local gardens composition and to justify the landscape (Silva and Perelló 2010). need of further research focused on native plant species in RN. In Brazil, the landscape designer Roberto Burle Marx Ornamental plants differ from others due to their aesthetic stimulated the research of new plants for ornamental characteristics. They are distinguished by the duration of horticultural trade (Abbud 2006). Burle Marx was concerned flowering, shape and color of leaves, flowers and with the functionality of plant compositions, employing in his inflorescences, as well as the appearance and overall projects native species trying to follow the bioclimatic architecture of the plant (Lorenzi and Souza 2001). Brazil has constraints of each location and the geomorphological the richest flora worldwide and many of our species have high conditions found (Tabacow 1996). Despite the pioneering ornamental potential and could be used in landscaping nature of Burle Marx, with the sensitivity of introducing projects. However, due to the scarcity of studies aimed at the several native species, adapted to the local conditions in the knowledge of these plants, their use for this purpose is still gardens he designed, little progress has been observed in the restricted and often unknown (Lorenzi 2009, Brandão et al. research and commercial production of native species in 2011, Santos 2011, Vale et al. 2011, Zamith 2015). In fact, Brazil (Versieux et al. 2015). since the time of Colonial Brazil, native species have been In the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) this situation is replaced by exotic ones due to the lack of information on not different, and possibly it is worse than in the rest of Brazil. native species with ornamental potential (Leal and Biondi Public green areas and squares in Natal are usually not well 2006). kept by the government. Urban trees are poorly chosen or The prospecting of native ornamental plants may affect violently pruned, and many small fragments of native greatly the production and commercialization of new plants to vegetation quickly become subject to trash deposition or fires the internal and external market (Heiden et al. 2006). (L. Versieux, personal observation). In our view, gardens in However, prospecting and introducing native ornamental RN tend to be small and, most front or backyards of houses species in the floriculture market requires investments in are cemented or poorly landscaped. We believe a combination research and production. In modern landscaping, native plants of factors may be responsible for this anti-garden culture, and play important roles and are becoming more popular, such as a deep analysis to specify the causes of such disinterest is their low need for maintenance, enhancement of regional needed. However, during informal visits and interviews to identity (regionalism), preservation of biological diversity and

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PlantNow 1: 12–26 (2020) habitat for local wildlife (Backstrup and Bassuk 1997, Heiden et al. 2006). The native plants are adapted to the environmental conditions where they evolved and are resistant to the climatic variations and the incidence of pests and diseases of their habitat. In this way, the use of these plants in the urban green spaces besides creating pleasing microclimates, can minimize the threats of invasions by exotic species and reduce the introduction of new pathogens (Heiden et al. 2006, Heiden and Iganci 2009). Regarding the landscaping of coastal areas, native plants with ornamental potential are still poorly employed (e.g. Favacho et al. 2013, Loges et al. 2013, Zamith 2015), usually due to lack of information or specialized nurseries to sell them. Considering that landscaping of summer houses and even in FIGURE 1. Map of the study area, in the municipality of public areas are dominated by exotic species, some of which Nísia Floresta, RN, highlighting the five sampling points. offer a risk of biological invasion, it is necessary to indicate potential species for a more sustainable use that requires less Methodology - The selection of species considered all irrigation and to interact with the local fauna. The introduction habits (herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, trees, epiphytes and of native species replaces exotic ones and preserves the natural lianas/vines). Each plant is presented by the family, with its characteristics of coastal areas (Loges et al. 2013), besides vernacular name (if known), also presenting aspects related to safeguarding the local biological identity (Kabashima et al. vegetative characteristics (erect or decumbent stem, perennial 2011). In this sense, native plants from coastal areas, or deciduous leaves, coloring and texture of the leaves) or the especially the resting (coastal sand plans), are ideal because reproductive portions, such as the dominant color of the they are more adapted and consequently need less flower, inflorescence or fruit. maintenance, water and fertilizers. The List of Endangered Brazilian Flora (MMA 2008) was Thus, the present study aimed to identify and to consulted aiming to evaluate the pertinence of the inclusion of characterize native species of Bonfim-Guaraíras these plants in the selection, since their inclusion could Environmental Protection Area with suggestions of potential increase the risk of extractive exploitation. It was therefore use similar to that exotic species of consecrated use in decided to avoid the indication of endangered plant species Brazilian landscaping. The presentation of these species will above the vulnerable category. serve to support reproductive, cultivation and adaptation The evaluation of the ornamental potential of the native research, for future implantation in garden spaces, replacing plants was done with analysis of the aesthetic characteristics. the exotic species. The definitions of aesthetic variables such as habit, shape, symmetry, texture and color were adapted from Stumpf et al. 2. Material and methods (2009), in order to guide descriptions of ornamental features and eliminate personal preferences (Table 1). The symmetry Study area - The selection and collection of material were in the plants depends on the type of branching that forms the carried out on a stretch of Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental canopy and the direction of its growth (Leal and Biondi 2006). Protection Area (Figure 1), a preserved area covered by Regarding the indication of use, the species were categorized vegetation of sandy coastal plains (restinga), in the in garden plants and landscaping (indicated in the formation municipality of Nísia Floresta, RN, approximately 30 km of massifs, hedges, fences or isolated use in flowerbeds) and south of Natal. Five collection points were sampled: Lagoa potted plants. Amarela (6°00'15.5"S, 35°09'39.8"W), Lagoa da Juventude The collection of plant material for identification of (6°00'12.5"S, 35°09'20"W), Sete Lagoas (6°00'46.4"S, species, evaluation of their aesthetic characteristics, place of 35°07'03.0"W), Lagoa da Ilhota (5°59'27.3"S, 35°07'33.7"W) occurrence and flowering data were carried out during the and Lagoa de Alcaçuz (6°59'46.1"S, 35°08'26.2"W) (Figure months of December 2015 to September 2016. In addition, a 2 1). The total area of study covered 8.24 km . The climate is search was made in the SpeciesLink database type AS’ (hot and humid), with a rainy season between (http://www.splink.org.br) to consult materials already February and July, and a dry season with more severe drought deposited in the herbaria UFRN and MOSS with the objective between October and December (Alvares et al. 2013). The of complementing information on the flowering data of the average annual temperature is around 27.1°C, with annual species. rainfall of 1.442 mm and annual average relative humidity of 76% (Mascarenhas et al. 2005).

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The collected botanical material was processed according 3. Results to the usual methods in plant systematics (Fidalgo and Bononi 1989, Bridson and Forman 1999) and the identification was A total of 44 plant species were selected and analyzed, of carried out with the aid of specialized taxonomic literature and which 25 presented aesthetic characteristics to be used in comparison with material deposited in the herbarium UFRN. landscaping (Table 2). Convolvulaceae (3 spp. each), Scientific names of the species were reviewed according Apocynaceae, Araceae, Cactaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Tropicos (http://www.tropicos.org). Specimens were mounted Fabaceae and Rubiaceae (2 spp. each) are the families with the and are deposited in the herbarium UFRN and the duplicates highest number of species with ornamental potential. As for donated to the herbaria of the Botanical Garden of Rio de the habit, it was observed a predominance of vines (10 spp.), Janeiro (RB) and the State University of Feira de Santana followed by herbs (4 spp.). (HUEFS). Here, the term ‘vine’ was used to designate both Of the 25 species analyzed, 19 (76%) are endemic to the woody lianas and herbaceous individuals (Gentry 1991, Brazilian territory and two (Aspilia procumbens and Morellato and Leitão Filho 1998). Melocactus violaceus) are considered endangered by the Data on the ornamental potential and use of native species Ministry of Environment (MMA 2008). Most of these species are still scarce in the literature, but the work of Lorenzi and are being cited for the first time as having characteristics to be Mello-Filho (2001), which emphasizes the species used by the used in landscaping. In the literature we found citations of the landscaper Roberto Burle Marx, was consulted as a source of ornamental potential for Chrysobalanus icaco (Queiroz 2007, data to characterize the ornamental potential of the species, Silva and Peixoto 2009), Anthurium affine (Queiroz 2007, when available. Freitas et al. 2010), Philodendron acutatum, Hancornia speciosa, Melocactus violaceus, Comolia ovalifolia, Guettarda platypoda (Queiroz 2007) and Andira fraxinifolia TABLE 1. Attributes used for the evaluation of ornamental (Souza et al. 2013), equivalent to 38.1% of the total species characteristics of native species of Bonfim-Guaraíras analyzed. Although these species are indicated for ornamental Environmental Protection Area, Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do use, they are not yet marketed. Norte, Brazil, with the possibility of use in landscaping. Most species analyzed (10 spp., 47.6%) have climbing Adapted from Stumpf et al. (2009). habit, and can be used on trellis, arches, pergolas, fences and Attributes Characterization composition with shrubs or trees. Colors of the leaves vary from light green to dark green. The great majority of species Habit Tree, shrub, subshrub, herb, lianas, (17 spp., 81%) have bright, smooth and glabrous leaves or vines. leaflets. In relation to the colors of the flowers, eight species Plant shape Verticalized (height > canopy diameter). (38%) have cold-colored flowers. Species with warm flower (architecture) colors are showiest, for example, Lundia longa, Daustinia Horizontalized (canopy diameter > montana and Tocoyena sellowiana. Regarding the shape of the height). plants, seven (33.3%) of the species were characterized as Balanced (diameter of canopy similar to vertical and symmetrical (whose growth is in the direction of height). stretching of the branches, ideal to produce vertical effects). Undefined (they are modeled according The analysis of these aesthetic variables is important to to the support, may assume different indicate the best use of these species in landscape projects. forms). Some may be used in squares, gardens, flowerbeds, and others such as Melocactus violaceus can be used both in gardens and Symmetry of branches Symmetric (general conformation is pots. uniform). Andira fraxinifolia (Fabaceae) is popularly known as Asymmetrical (when the branches ‘angelim doce’. Tree that can reach 8 meters high. It has a develop in different directions). vertical and symmetrical form. Its leaves are arranged in 5-11 Texture of plant parts Bright/opaque; smooth/rough; leaflets dark green, bright, smooth and glabrous. The hairy/glabrous. inflorescences are arranged in axillary and terminal panicles with pink flowers and sweet odor. The evergreen foliage, Color of structures of Visual determination. reddish new shoots that occur uniformly in all over the canopy plant parts are of great visual effect. Its compact and slightly rounded crown characterizes its use in landscaping. It occurs mainly in sandy coastal plains (restingas) and Rainforests (Pennington, 2003). In Rio Grande do Norte its flowering occurs from July to December.

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Anthurium affine (Araceae) is popularly known as ‘milho- glabrous, light green in color when immature becoming de-urubu’ (Figure 3C-D). Herbaceous species that can reach vinous at maturity. In gardens, it can be used to form masses up to 1.5 meter high. It has vertical and symmetrical form. or clusters, in addition to having an excellent potential for Leaves in rosettes, dark green color, bright, smooth and hedgerows. It is a rustic plant, tolerant to saline environments, glabrous. The inflorescence is erect and pedunculate, green or and that supports well the warm climate and the strong winds purple in the apical part. Plant of great ornamental potential of the coast of the Rio Grande do Norte. Can be planted to due to coloring of the leaves that vary according to the stabilize dunes and prevent soil erosion. Flowering and environmental conditions (from green to yellowish), for its fruiting during all year. The fruit has white and sweet flesh duration and exuberant appearance. Its effective propagation that is edible. Chrysobalanus icaco is used as ornamental plant is by means of tillering or by seeds. in North America (Silva and Peixoto 2009). Aristolochia disticha (Aristolochiaceae) is popularly Cissus erosa (Vitaceae) is popularly known as ‘parreira- known as ‘jarrinha’ (Figure 2A). It is a vine that has no defined brava’ (Figure 2B). It is a woody and perennial vine that does form. It has charcterous leaves, bright, smooth, glabrous and not have a defined form. The leaves are trifoliolate, with dark green in color. The inflorescence appears in racemes with leaflets chartaceous and bright, smooth, glabrous and dark yellowish flowers. The fruit are cylindrical and glabrous green in color. Its inflorescence is an umbel with greenish or capsules of septicidal dehiscence, that at maturation they open reddish peduncle containing red flowers. The fruits are oblong by splitting of the pedicel, taking the form of pendant baskets berries, green when immature and glabrous. In gardens, it can (Capellari Júnior 2005). This is a rustic plant that grows on be used in pergolas and fences. It provides nectar for local both rich and nutrient-poor soils. In gardens, it can be used in birdlife. pergolas, and fences. Comolia ovalifolia (Melastomataceae) is characterized for Aspilia procumbens (Asteraceae) is popularly known as being a subshrub plant, forming small clumps up to 1 meter ‘pirrichea do mato’. It is characterized by its herbaceous and high. It has vertical and symmetrical form. The leaves are prostrate habit, with purplish stem. It has vertical and chartaceous, dark green, bright, rough and sparsely hairy and symmetrical form. The leaves are light green, chartaceous, flowers ranging from pink to purple. The gray to brownish opaque and glabrous. The inflorescence is a solitary capitulum coloration of the younger branches contrasting with the dark at the apex of the branches, with yellow flowers. The purple- green of the leaves and the pink of the flowers, stamens and green coloration of the branches contrasting with the light filaments are characteristics that promote the use in the green of the leaves and the yellow of the flowers are landscaping. It is a plant suitable for gardens with water characteristics that favor its use in landscaping. In gardens, it sources or located in flooded environments. In addition, this can be used as ground cover plant. Flowering occurs species attracts several species of bees as floral visitors throughout the year providing floral resource to local wildlife. (Oliveira-Rebouças and Gimenes 2004). Chamaecrista ramosa (Fabaceae) is a decumbent and Daustinia montana (Convolvulaceae) is an herbaceous vine densely branched subshrub (Figure 2C). It has the horizontal that has an undefined form. Its branches are wooly, the leaves form and the branches distributed in different directions simple, chartaceous, light green, opaque and wooly. The (asymmetric). Its leaves are constituted by two pairs of flowers are grouped in capituliform cymes with about seven leaflets, membranous, dark-green, opaque, glabrous, and the flowers, of yellow coloring. The fruits are globose capsules of flowers are yellowish and solitary. The combination of yellow septicidal dehiscence. These are plants that grow on both rich petals and red-vinous of sepals that contrast with the bright and nutrient-poor soils. In gardens it can be used in light green of their leaflets characterize their use as ornamental. The structures such as trellises, railings plants, arches and fruit is a legume, linear, sparsely strigose and brownish at composition with shrubs. It can be grown under full sun. maturity. This is a rustic plant, growing on both dry and moist Euploca paradoxa (Boraginaceae) is characterized by soils, rich and poor in nutrients. In gardens, it can be planted being herbaceous and prostrate (Figure 3B). It has horizontal as ground cover, under full sun. and asymmetric form. Presents chartaceous dark green leaves, Chrysobalanus icaco (Chrysobalanaceae) is popularly opaque, smooth, hairy and, solitary axillary yellow flowers. known as ‘guajirú’ (Figure 2E). It occurs in the coastal regions The dark green of the leaves and the intense yellow of the of Brazil. Shrub or small tree that can reach up to 5 meters flowers promote its use in the landscaping. It is a plant suitable high, presenting nearly horizontal (flattened) crown shape for gardens with water sources or located in humid although the branches are distributed in different directions environments. It can be used as ground cover plant. (asymmetric). It has grayish branches with whitish lenticels, Guettarda platypoda (Rubiaceae) is popularly known as leaves chartaceous, dark green, smooth and glabrous. Its ‘angélica’. It occurs in coastal plains of Brazil (Pereira and inflorescence includes terminal and axillary racemes, with Barbosa 2004). It is a shrub species that can reach up to 4 white flowers. The fruits are ovoid to obovoid, smooth and meters high. It has vertical and symmetrical form. It has

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PlantNow 1: 27–38 (2020) SOUSA & VERSIEUX chartaceous leaves, dark green, shiny, smooth and glabrous. Ipomoea rosea (Convolvulaceae) is an herbaceous vine Has multiflorous inflorescence in scorpioid cymes, with white (Figure 2D) lacking a defined form. Its leaves are trifoliolate, flowers. The greyish to brownish branches contrasting with membranous, light green, opaque, glabrous. The inflorescence the green of the leaves, white flowers with sweetish smell are is a dichasium that can group up to eight pink flowers. The characteristic favorable for its use in the landscaping. In fruits are subglobous and glabrous septicidal capsules. These gardens, it can be used to form masses or clusters, in addition plants grow on both rich and nutrient-poor soils. In gardens, it to having an excellent potential for the formation of can be used over light structures such as trellis, railings, arches hedgerows. It is a rustic plant, which tolerates well the warm and composition with shrubs. Grow under full sun. climate and the strong winds of the coast of the Rio Grande do Lundia longa (Bignoniaceae) is an herbaceous vine (Figure Norte. Flowering and fruiting during all year. 3H) with ascension by tendrils lacking a defined form. Its Hancornia speciosa (Apocynaceae) is popularly known as leaves are bifoliolate to trifoliolate, the leaflets are ‘mangaba’. It is a shrub or small tree up to 5 meters high, with chartaceous, bright, dark green, smooth and glabrous. Its gray and glabrous tortuous branches, with white latex. It has inflorescences are terminal or axillary dichasia with exuberant horizontal and asymmetric form. It has opposite leaves, reddish flowers. The fruit are flat, coriaceous, smooth and chartaceous, bright, smooth, glabrous and dark green. glabrous linear capsules, dark green when immature and light Inflorescences in racemes, axillary, with one to five flowers, brown at maturity. This is a rustic plant, growing on both rich white corolla. The fruit is a berry, rounded, yellow green with and nutrient-poor soils. In gardens, it can be used over rusty spots to reddish at maturity, glabrous. These are rustic pergolas, fencing, crowning of walls and composition with plants and grow on both rich and nutrient-poor soils. In trees. Flowering and fruiting during all year. This species gardens it can be used alone or in clusters. attracts local birdlife. Hirtella racemosa (Chrysobalanaceae) is a shrub or small Mandevilla moricandiana (Apocynaceae) is an herbaceous tree up to 5 meters high. It has horizontal and asymmetric vine with white latex (Figure 2G), which has no defined form. form. It presents dark green, coriaceous, bright, smooth and It has opposite leaves, chartaceous, bright, smooth, glabrous glabrous leaves and inflorescence in terminal axillary racemes and dark green in color. Inflorescences in racemes, axillary, with pink flowers. The grayish branches contrasting with the with two to six pink flowers. The fruit is a folicle, dark green dark green of the leaves and the rose of the flowers, stamens when immature and brown at maturity, glabrous. These are and filaments are characteristics that favor its use in rustic plants and grow on both rich and nutrient-poor soils. In landscaping. In gardens, it can be used as an isolated plant or gardens, it can be used over pergolas, wire fences and to form groups. Its fruit are ellipsoid, smooth and glabrous, composition with shrubs. green when immature and vinous at maturity. In addition, it Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae) is popularly known as attracts several species of bees as floral visitors. ‘coroa-de-frade’ (Figure 2H). It inhabits forest and field Hohenbergia ridleyi (Bromeliaceae) is characterized by the formations (Atlantic Forest and Restinga) occurring mainly on herbaceous habit (Figure 2F), coriaceous, greenish flavescent, sandy substrates (Menezes et al. 2012). It is on the list of flavescent or brownish leaves, arranged in broadly funnelform vulnerable plants (MMA 2008). It is a succulent, subglobose or crateriform rosettes, lax pyramidal inflorescence, erect, and prickly plant, presenting a balanced and symmetrical sometimes pendent, yellowish-white peduncle, characteristics shape, being able to reach 20 centimeters in height. It presents that make it attractive. In addition, the species attracts reddish cephalium, white bristles, and pink flowers and fruits. hummingbirds as floral visitors (Siqueira Filho and Machado Because of its ornamental characteristics, it can be used 1998). In gardens, it can be planted alone or to form clumps, isolated or in groups. It is a succulent plant adapted to the being cultivated in full sun or half shade. The presence of semi-arid conditions suitable to be cultivated under full sun. thorns on the leaf margins requires some care in the choice of On the other hand, the small size favors its cultivation in pots. the place where the plant will be planted. The presence of thorns, however, requires criterion in Ipomoea brasiliana (Convolvulaceae) is a species of choosing the place where the plant will be placed, being more herbaceous vine (Figure 3A), which has an undefined form. indicated, for a place of restricted circulation. Its leaves are chartaceous; light green, opaque, and villous. Passiflora silvestris (Passifloraceae) is an herbaceous vine The flowers are pink and grouped in dichasia with three with tendrils and that does not present definite form. It has flowers. The intense flowering that contrasts with the bright choriaceous leaves, bright, smooth, glabrous and dark green. green of its leaves and the cinereous green of its branches are It presents solitary flowers, light green sepals, white petals and ornamental characteristics. The fruits are globose and yellow stamens. The fruit is a dehiscent berry, obovoid and glabrous septicidal capsules. It is a rustic plant, which grows glabrous. This is a rustic plant, and that grows on both rich and on both rich and nutrient-poor soils. In gardens, it can be used nutrient-poor soils. In gardens, it can be grown over pergolas, in pergolas, fencing and composition with trees. and fencing and composition with shrubs and trees.

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Philodendron acutatum (Araceae) is popularly known as This is a rustic plant, and that grow on both rich and nutrient- ‘imbé’ (Figure 3F). It is a hemi-epiphyte species, scandent poor soils. In gardens, it can be used over pergolas and with brown exudate, lacking a definite form. The leaves are crowning of walls. chartaceous, sagittate, bright, smooth, glabrous and dark green Tocoyena sellowiana (Rubiaceae) is popularly known as color. In gardens, it can be grown over pergolas and fencing ‘jenipapo-bravo’. It is usually found in humid forests and other and composition with trees. The species of Philodendron coastal environments (Pereira and Barbosa 2004). It is a Schott have been the most popular plants used indoors, species of shrubby to arboreous habit that can reach up to 6 because the great majority resists to low levels of luminosity meters high. It has horizontal and asymmetric form. Leaves and it provides an outstanding green coloration (Coelho 2000). are chartaceous, dark green, bright, smooth and glabrous. It Due to these characteristics Philodendron acutatum can be has inflorescence in terminal and pedunculate compound used in half-shaded environments, as well as under full sun. dichasia, with showy yellow flowers. The fruits are globose, Pilosocereus catingicola (Cactaceae) is a perennial species glabrous and change from green to black at maturity. Due to of shrubby arboreal habit (Figure 3G) and, depending on the the different architecture, the coloring of the leaves, flowers habitat can reach up to 6 meters in height. It has a vertical and and fruits, and for the long period of flowering and fruiting it symmetrical form. It is a species that has columnar cladodes, shows full conditions for use in landscaping. In gardens, it can erect, unsegmented ribs, dark green in color; the thorns are be used as a conspicuous plant or even to compose small cylindrical, prickly and pungent. It presents isolated large and groupings. Although markedly deciduous, its use in urban whitish flowers. The fruits are subglobose, dark green when afforestation can also be considered. Its shape allows the use immature, and red to purple at maturity. The fruits are in irregular terrains, assigning idea of breadth and consumed by birds and the seeds dispersed by birdlife. These horizontality to the spaces. In addition, the species attracts are rustic plants and grow on both rich and nutrient-poor soils. moths and other floral visitors. It presents conspicuous and In gardens, it can be planted isolated, always under full sun in contrasting flowering, due to the strong yellow orange of its a restricted circulation site. flowers. Solanum paludosum (Solanaceae) is popularly known as Native species occurring in areas threatened by increasing “jurubeba-roxa” (Figure 2I). It is a shrub species that can reach urbanization process (such as sandy coastal plains) may be up to 4 meters high. Has vertical and symmetrical form. The extinguished before its potential can be used and their branches are provided with rusty spines, chartaceous dark introduction into cultivation can be a very interesting tool for green leaves, bright, smooth and hairy. Its inflorescence is a biodiversity conservation and enhancement, helping to simple cyme, with 5 to 15 flowers, violet or purplish and the conserve the flora and its landscape. fruits are berries with exocarp green-variegated to rust-brown In this sense, the species indicated here have aesthetic at maturity. The gray to brownish color of the young branches characteristics appropriate for their use in landscaping. contrasting with the green of the leaves, and purple flowers are According to Halevy (1999) to establish desirable ornamental characteristic that favor its use in landscaping. In gardens, it features is the first step in developing strategies to insert a new can be used to form curtains or small groupings, in addition to plant in the market, and the species listed in this paper deserve having potential for formation of live fences because of the future attention regarding the development of techniques for presence of thorns. It is a plant that tolerates warm coastal their multiplication and management aiming the future weather. commercial production. Tetracera breyniana (Dilleniaceae) is a climbing woody All species listed here may be planted under full sun being species (Figure 3E) bearing an irregular form. It has brown that Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez, Anthurium affine branches, simple leaves, which are coriaceous, bright, dark Schott and Philodendron acutatum Schott can be used as half- green, smooth and glabrous. The inflorescence is paniculate shade plants, as well. All of them have great ornamental with small whitish flowers. The fruits contain 1-6 folicles, potential for various uses and landscape effects and their pyriforms, coriaceous, star-shaped, dark green when immature indication strengthens and stimulates the use of native species and brown at maturity, seeds with red aryl. of the restinga ecosystem in landscaping projects.

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TABLE 2. List of native plants of ornamental potential of Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, Nísia Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, indicated for use in landscaping or cultivated in pots. (♯): Species endemic from Brazil.

Species Family Habit Color Texture Form Symmetry Use Chartaceous, bright, Dark green leaflets; pink smoot h and glabrous ♯ Andira fraxiniffolia Benth. Fabaceae Tr ee Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c Gar den flowers; dark green fruits. leaflets; stems rough; fruits glabrous. Subcoriaceous, bright, Gar den ♯ Ant hurium affine Schott Araceae Herb Dar k gr een l eaves. smoot h and glabrous Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c or pot leaves. Chartaceous, bright, Dark green leaves; yellow ♯ Aristolochia disticha Mast. Arist olochiaceae Vi ne smoot h and glabrous Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den flowers. leaves. Light green leaves; yellow Chartaceous, opaque, ♯ Aspilia procumbens Baker Ast eracae Herb Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c Gar den flowers. rough and pilose leaves. Light green leaflets; yellow Membranous, opaque, Ch a ma ecr i st a r a mo sa (Vogel) H.S. Fabaceae Su b sh r u b flowers; brownish fruits at smoot h and glabrous Horizont alized Asymmet ric Gar den Irwin & Barneby mat urit y. leaflets. Chartaceous, bright, Dark green leaflets; red ♯ Ci ssu s er o sa Rich. Vi t aceae Li ana smoot h and glabrous Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den flowers. leaflets. Greyish branches with Chartaceous, bright, Ch r yso b a l a n u s i ca co L. Ch r y so b al an aceae Sh r u b o r Tr ee whitish lenticels; dark green smoot h and glabrous Horizont alized Asymmet ric Gar den leaves; white flowers. leaves. Quadrangular stems and Ch ar t aceo u s, ♯ Co mo l i a o va l i f o l i a Triana Melastomataceae Su b sh r u b branches; dark green leaves; bright, rugose, rough and Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c Gar den pinkish flowers. sparsely pilose leaves. ♯ Daust i ni a mont ana (Moric.) Buril & Light green leaves; yellow Chartaceous, opaque, Co n vo l vu l aceae Vi ne Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den A.R. Simões flowers. rough and pilose leaves. Ch ar t aceo u s ♯ Eu p l o ca p a r a d o xa (Mart.) J.I.M. Dark green leaves; yellow Bor agi naceae Herb to subcoriaceous, opaque, Horizont alized Asymmet ric Gar den Melo & Semir flowers. smoot h and pilose leaves. Brownish to rusty stems; Chartaceous, bright, dark green leaves; whitish ♯ Guet t ar da pl at ypoda DC. Ru b i aceae Sh r u b smoot h and glabrous Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c Gar den flowers; whitish fruits at leaves. mat urit y. Dark green leaves; whitish Chartaceous, bright, Hancornia speciosa Gomes Apocynaceae Sh r u b o r Tr ee flowers; yellowish-green smoot h and glabrous Horizont alized Asymmet ric Gar den fruits. leaves. Grayish stems, dark green Coriaceous, bright, smooth Hirt ella racemosa Lam. Ch r y so b al an aceae Sh r u b o r Tr ee Ver t i cal i zed Asymmet ric Gar den leaves; pinkish flowers. and glabrous leaves.

Dark green to green-yellowish Coriaceous, bright, smooth ♯ Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez Br omel i aceae Herb Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c Gar den leaves; purplish flowers. and glabrous leaves.

Light green leaves; pinkish Chartaceous, opaque, ♯ Ipomoea brasiliana Meisn. Co n vo l vu l aceae Vi ne Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den flowers. rough and pilose leaves. Membranous, bright, Dark green leaves; yellowish ♯ Ipomoea rosea Choisy Co n vo l vu l aceae Vi ne smoot h and glabrous Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den flowers. leaves. Chartaceous, bright, Dar k gr een ♯ Lundi a l onga (Vell.) DC. Bi gnoni aceae Vi ne smoot h and glabrous Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den leaves; reddish flowers. leaflets. ♯ Mandevilla moricandiana (A.DC.) Dark green leaves; yellowish Br i ght , smoot h and Apocynaceae Vi ne Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den Woodson flowers. glabrous leaves. Dark green cladodes; Gar den or ♯ Melocactus violaceus Pfeiff. Cact aceae Su b sh r u b yellowish flowers; pinkish Gray and bright thorns. Bal anced Sy mmet r i c pot fruits at maturity. Dark green leaves; whitish Coriaceous, bright, smooth ♯ Passiflora silvestris Vell. Passi f l or aceae Vi ne Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den flowers. and glabrous leaves. ♯ Pilosocereus catingicola (Gürke) Byl Cact aceae Sh r u b t o Tr ee Whit ish flowers. Smo o t h cl ad o d es. Ver t i cal i zed Sy mmet r i c Gar den es & Rowley Coriaceous, bright, smooth Philodendron acutatum Schott Araceae Vi ne Dar k gr een l eaves. Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den and glabrous leaves. Chartaceous, bright, Dark green leaves; purple to So l a n u m p a l u d o su m Moric. So l an aceae Sh r u b smoot h and sparsely pilose Horizont alized Asymmet ric Gar den purple flowers. leaves. Brownish stems; dark green Coriaceous, bright, smooth ♯ Tet r acer a br eyni ana Schltdl. Di l l eni aceae Li ana Undefined Asymmet ric Gar den leaves; whitish flowers. and glabrous leaves. Brown and rugose stems; dark green leaves; pale yellow Chartaceous, bright, ♯ Tocoyena sel l owi ana (Cham. Ru b i aceae Tr ee flowers; green fruits when smoot h and glabrous Horizont alized Asymmet ric Gar den & Schltdl.) K. Schum. immature and black at leaves. mat urit y.

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FIGURE 2. Photographs of the species indicated for ornamental use from Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, Nísa Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Aristolochia disticha (Aristolochiaceae), B. Cissus erosa (Vitaceae), C. Chamaecrista ramosa (Fabaceae), D. Ipomoea rosea (Convolvulaceae), E. Chhrysobalanus icaco (Chrysobalanaceae), F. Hohenbergia ridleyi (Bromeliaceae), G. Mandevilla moricandiana (Apocynaceae), H. Melocactus violaceus (Cactaceae), I. Solanum paludosum (Solanaceae). (Photos: V.F. Sousa).

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FIGURE 3. Photographs of the species indicated for ornamental use from Bonfim-Guaraíras Environmental Protection Area, Nísa Floresta, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. A. Ipomoea brasiliana (Convolvulaceae), B. Euploca paradoxa (Boraginaceae), C-D. Anthurium affine (Araceae), E. Tetracera breyniana (Dilleniaceae), F. Philodendron acutatum (Araceae), G. Pilosocereus catingicola (Cactaceae), H. Lundia longa (Bignoniaceae). (Photos: V.F. Sousa, except F, of J. Leroy).

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Acknowledgements Freitas R. M. O., Neto R. V. S., Dombroski J. L. D., Nogueira N. W. and Câmara F. A. A. 2010. Teste de diferentes We are grateful to Federal University of Rio Grande do substratos para cultivo de mudas de Anthurium affine Norte, for making available the dependencies of Botany Schott. Revista Verde 5(1): 96-100. Laboratory to perform this work as well as the Herbarium UFRN. Thanks to MSc. Juliana Leroy for the aid in the Gentry A. H. 1991. The distribution and evolution of climbing expeditions to the field and Alice Calvente and Gustavo plants. In: Putz F. E. and Mooney, H. A. The biology of Heiden for suggestions in earlier version of this manuscript. vines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 3-49. Goddard M. A., Dougill A. J. and Benton T. G. 2009. Scaling References up from gardens: biodiversity conservation in urban Abbud B. 2006. Criando paisagens: Guia de Trabalho em environments. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 25(2): 90- Arquitetura Paisagística. São Paulo: Editora SENAC, 98. 208p. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.07.016. Alvares C. A., Stape J. L., Sentelhas P. C, Gonçalves J. L. M. Halevy A. H. 1999. New flower crops. In: Janick J. and Sparovek G. 2013. Koppen’s climate classification Perspectives on new crops and new uses. Alexandria: map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift 22: 711-728. ASHS Press, p. 407-409. Barroso C. M., Klein G. N., Barros I. B. I. Franke L. B. and Heiden G., Barbieri R. L. and Stumpf, E. R. T. 2006. Delwing A. B. 2007. Considerações sobre a propagação e Considerações sobre o uso de plantas ornamentais nativas. o uso ornamental de plantas raras ou ameaçadas de Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 12(1): 2-7. extinção no Rio Grande do Sul. Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 13(2): 91-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.14295/rbho.v12i1.60. Brandão I. M., Gomes, L. B., Silva N. C. A. R., Ferraro A. C., Heiden G. and Ignanci J. R. V. Valorizando a flora nativa. In: Silva A.G. and Gonçalves F. G. 2011. Análise quali- Stumpf E. R. T. Barbieri R. L. and Heiden G. 2009. Cores quantificativa da arborização urbana do município de São e formas no Bioma Pampa: plantas ornamentais nativas. João Evangelista, MG. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Pelotas: Embrapa Clima Temperado, p. 37-43. Arborização Urbana 6(4): 158-174. Isernhagem I., Le Bourlegat J. M. G. and Carboni M. 2009. Bridson D. and Forman L. 1998. The Herbarium Handbook. Trazendo a riqueza arbórea regional para dentro das 3rd ed. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 334p. cidades: possibilidades, limitações e benefícios. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana 4(2): 26-46. Capellari Júnior L. 2005. Potencial ornamental das Aristolochiáceas. Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Kabashima Y., Andrade M. L. F., Gandara F. B., Tomas F. L., Ornamental 11(2): 82-88. Polizel J. L., Velasco G. D. N., Silva L. F., Dozzo A. D. P., Moura R. G. and Filho D. F. S. 2011. Histórico da doi: https://doi.org/10.14295/rbho.v11i2.46 composição da vegetação arbórea do parque do Ibirapuera Clarkson B. D., Wehi P. M. and Brabyn L. K. 2007. A spatial e sua contribuição para a conservação da biodiversidade. analysis of indigenous cover patterns and implications for Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana ecological restoration in urban centres, New Zealand. 6(4): 125-144. Urban Ecosyst 10: 441-457. Leal L. and Biondi D. 2006. Potencial ornamental de espécies doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-007-0035-6 nativas. Revista Científica Eletrônica de Engenharia Florestal 4(8): 1-16. Coelho M. A. N. 2000. Philodendron Schott (Araceae): morfologia e taxonomia das espécies da Reserva Loges V., Castro A. C. R., Silva S. S. L. and Montarroyos A. Ecológica de Macaé de Cima - Nova Friburgo, Rio de V. V. 2013. Plantas utilizadas no paisagismo no litoral do Janeiro, Brasil. Rodriguésia 51(78/79): 21-68. Nordeste. Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 19(1): 25-32. Favacho L. C. F., Jardim M. A. G. and Oliveira F. G. 2013. Requerimentos ecológicos de espécies com potencial Lorenzi H. 2009. Árvores Brasileiras: manual de identificação paisagístico da restinga de Maracanã, Pará. Revista da e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil. 3a ed. São Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Urbana 8(2): 15-19. Paulo: Nova Odessa. Instituto Plantarum, 384p. Fidalgo O. and Bononi V. R. L. 1989. Técnicas de coleta, Lorenzi H. and Mello-Filho L. E. 2001. As Plantas Tropicais preservação e herborização de material botânico. São de R. Burle Marx. São Paulo: Nova Odessa. Instituto Paulo: Instituto de Botânica, 62p. Plantarum, 496p.

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Lorenzi H. and Souza H. M. 2001. Plantas Ornamentais do Silva I. M. and Peixoto A. L. 2009. Abajurú (Chrysobalanus Brasil - arbustivas, herbáceas e trepadeiras. São Paulo: icaco L. and Eugenia rotundifolia Casar.) commercialized Nova Odessa: Editora Plantarum, 1120p. in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 19(1B): 325-332. Macintyre S., Ellaway A., Hiscock R., Kearns A., Der G. and Mckay L. 2003. What features of the home and the area Silva J. G. and Perelló L. F. C. 2010. Conservação de espécies might help to explain observed relationships between ameaçadas do Rio Grande do Sul, através de seu uso no housing tenure and health: evidence from the west of paisagismo. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Scotland. Health and Place 9(3): 207-218. doi: Arborização Urbana 5(4): 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-8292(02)00040-0 Siqueira Filho J. A. and Machado I. C. 1998. Biologia floral Mascarenhas J. C., Beltrão B. A., Souza Júnior L. C., Pires S. de Hohenbergia ridleyi (Baker) Mez (Bromeliaceae). T. M., Rocha D. E. G. A. and Carvalho V. G. D. 2005. Bromelia 5: 1-13. Projeto cadastro de fontes de abastecimento por água Smith R. M., Thompson K., Hodgson J. G., Warren P. H. and subterrânea. Diagnóstico do município de Nísia Floresta, Gaston K. J. 2006. Urban domestic gardens (IX): estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Recife: composition and richness of the vascular plant flora, and CPRM/PRODEEM, 12p. implications for native biodiversity. Biological Menezes M. O. T., Taylor N. and Castro A. S. F. 2012. New Conservation 129(3): 312-322. disjunct record of Melocactus violaceus in Ceará, Souza V. C., Nalon C. F. and Tonon D. 2013. Inventory of northeastern Brazil. Bradleya 30: 151-154. trees and palms in the botanical garden “Prefeito Carrol MMA. Instrução Normativa nº 6, de 23 de setembro de 2008. Meneghel”, Americana municipality, São Paulo state, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília. Available at: Brazil. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Arborização Accessed 15.10.2019. Stumpf E. T., Romano C. M., Barbieri R. L., Hieden G., Morellato L. P. C. and Leitão Filho H. F. 1998. Levantamento Fischer S. Z. and Corrêa, L. B. 2009. Características florístico da comunidade de trepadeiras de uma floresta ornamentais de plantas do Bioma Pampa. Revista semidecídua no sudoeste do Brasil. Boletim do Museu Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 15(1): 49-62. Nacional 103(1): 1-15. Tabacow J. 1996. Universalidade de Roberto Burle Marx. Oliveira-Rebouças P. and Gimenes M. 2004. Abelhas Revista Brasileira de Horticultura Ornamental 1: 1-3. (Apoidea) visitantes de flores de Comolia ovalifolia Triana TROPICOS. Missouri Botanical Garden. Avaiaible from: (Melastomataceae) em uma área de restinga na Bahia. http://www.tropicos.org. Accessed at: 02.06.2019. Neotropical Entomology 33(3): 315-320. UNFPA. 2007. State of the World Population 2007: Pennington R. T. 2003. Monograph of Andira (Leguminosae: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth. United Nations Papilionoideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 64: 1- Population Fund, 99p. 143. Vale N. F. L., Sousa G. S., Mata M. F. and Braga P. E. T. Pereira M. S. and Barbosa M. R. V. 2004. A família 2004. 2011. Inventário da arborização do parque da cidade do Rubiaceae na Reserva Biológica Guaribas, Paraíba, Brasil. município de Sobral, Ceará. Revista da Sociedade Subfamílias Antirheoideae, Cinchonoideae e Ixoroideae. Brasileira de Arborização Urbana 6(4): 145-157. Acta Botanica Brasilica 18(2): 315-320. Versieux L. M., Morais A. K. D. D. and Macêdo B. R. M. D. Queiroz E. P. 2007. Levantamento florístico e 2015. O potencial das espécies da caatinga para uso no georreferenciamento das espécies com potencial planejamento e projeto paisagístico. In: Barra E., Tângari econômico e ecológico em restinga de Mata de São João, V. R., Schlee M. B. and Batista M. N. A vegetação nativa Bahia, Brasil. Biotemas 20(4): 41-47. no planejamento e no projeto paisagístico. Rio de Janeiro: Reis A., Anjos A. and Bechara F. C. 2003. Critérios para a Rio Books, p. 193-233. seleção de espécies na arborização urbana ecológica. Zamith L. R. 2015. Produção e utilização de espécies nativas Sellowia 53/55: 51-67. de restinga no paisagismo de áreas litorâneas. In: Barra E., Santos C. Z. A. 2011. Composição florística de 25 vias Tângari V. R., Schlee M. B. and Batista M. N. A vegetação públicas de Aracaju, SE. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira nativa no planejamento e no projeto paisagístico. Rio de de Arborização Urbana 6(2): 125-144. Janeiro: Rio Books, p. 235-247.

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PlantNow Gallery

FORMAFANTASMA: CAMBIO 4 March - temporarily closed One of the largest industries in the entire world, the timber industry, is the theme of the exhibition Formafantasma: Cambio, in the Serpentine Galleries in London (www.serpentinegalleries.org). Andrea Trimarchi (1983) and Simone Farresin (1980) are Formafantasma, an Italian design duo based in Amsterdam. They investigate the changes and transformation of natural materials into commodities. Exploration of multiples aspects of the timber industry, including historic, cartographic, natural conservation and details of the processing of wood material, and the changes in the landscape are presented in photos, installations, projections, design and artistic objects, and have a great impact on the viewer perception of trees, and of the wood itself. A large collection of wood samples, plus microscopic wood slides images will be familiar for botanists. An entire tree trunk sectioned is placed in the entry of the South Gallery providing the viewer the impact and materiality of a dead tree. Brazilian visitants may recognize the sequential aerial views of the BR-163, from the State of Pará, taken in 1994, 2004 and 2014. An excellent chance to see how design, art, biodiversity conservation, may converge ©Photos by Gregorio Gonella (left), Formafantasma (below) and George Darrell (next page).

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LABVERDE 2019 Catalogue released LABVERDE is an Art Immersion Program in the Amazon, created to strengthen the limits of art through a broad array of experiences, knowledge sets and cultural perspectives involving art, science and nature. Developed in association with Manifesta Art and Culture and The National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), the program’s focus is to promote artistic creation through a constructive debate about environmental issues generated by theory, data and life experiences in the Amazon rainforest. The 2019 Portuguese/English Catalogue, featuring 29 artists, may be downloaded now (www.labverde.com) and is prefaced by the curator text ‘Aprendendo com a floresta’ or Learning with the forest, by Yasmine Ostendorf. In her words, arts and design allow much freedom of speculation and appropriation, thus enabling artist to go beyond other kinds of knowledges. Also, a great power may be attributed to the artistic approach to science, since as observed in nature, artistic work is usually complex and collaborative. © Photos by LABVERDE (below, left) and Rogério Assis (below, right).

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PlantNow Poetry

O que as plantas têm a lhe ensinar Leonardo M. Versieux1

Quando lhe ceifarem o tronco com bronco e bruto golpe, furtarem-lhe o plasma da força que o impele a ter fé,

Faça como o cajueiro que de um toco renasce, busca-se e encontra-se nas profundezas do seu e se recompõe no dividir.

Quando lhe soprarem rajadas para nunca mais se erguer, lembre-se da composta folha do coqueiro, trespassada, erudita, resiste por não reter.

Tenha presença de palco e, quando ocupar, saiba qual é o seu lugar, o pinheiro não cresce na caatinga, o facheiro carece na serra do Mar.

Gentilmente, com apreço ofereça recompensas a quem lhe ajudar: perfume, óleo, néctar, doces frutas, ou sexo fingido, que também é gozar.

Se a raiva for muita, entretantas tome cuidado, vá devagar, seja o lentamente, o câmbio, a visita sempre pode se transformar em jantar.

Mas, se o que lhe perturba é a falta do amor, também lhe trazem a solução: cleistogamia, brotamentos podem ser a salvação.

Se arder e o solo esturricar, retire a maquiagem que borra, cílios postiços atrasam os mananciais, Parecem paradas, decídua, jamais fútil, mas são móveis. ainda assim, respire. Ir é mais importante que ficar.

Voluptuosas nuvens Contrariando todas as regras, caprichosas sorriem, perder, diminuir, simplificar acorde, não perca tempo, são os segredos mais (o)usados a maratona vai começar, para durar. inícios são profundos fins, floresça. Dura vida verde.

1 From the book ‘Pusosfera’, 2018.

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PlantNow Market

Book on the Giant Bromeliads from Brazil Monograph of the genus Alcantarea Portuguese Edition (2015) Only a few available! R$139

Text in Portuguese, but all figure legends are in English. Line drawings, maps, taxonomic descriptions, new species descriptions, taxonomic key, notes on taxonomic history, collector index, updated bibliography and conservation status of each of the 34 species described are provided. Color plates in Couché paper. Size 15.5 x 21 cm. Weight 370g. ISBN 978-85-5508-003-6

2nd Edition to be released soon – December 2020! Totally in English. Seven chapters, 14 authors, covering propagation, use in gardens, horticulture, taxonomy, new species, morphology and more. Pre-order now and reserve yours! US$ 49 + shipping. Order by email: [email protected]

Help the Herbarium UFRN Our world-wide famous t-shirts (R$29) and our eco- friendly metal mugs (R$15) are back! Send us an email [email protected] and reserve yours now! All the profit is invested in botanical science, collection maintenance of our lab and conservation of native plants. We also have specimens and some herbarium supplies for exchange. Contact us in case of interest.

@herbarioufrn

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