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Suzana Maria Dos Santos Costa FLORA DO PARQUE NACIONAL

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Suzana Maria Dos Santos Costa FLORA DO PARQUE NACIONAL Suzana Maria dos Santos Costa FLORA DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ (RR): Plantas aquáticas e palustres com ênfase em Lentibulariaceae CAMPINAS 2012 CAMPINAS 2012 i ii iii FINANCIAMENTO CAPES – PNADB (Programa Nacional de Apoio e Desaenvolvimento da Botânica) PROCAD – Amazônia (Programa de Cooperação Acadêmica) CAPES e CNPq – bolsa de estudos (nível de mestrado) pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, IB/UNICAMP iv Agradecimentos aos especialistas À Kátia Cangani (INPA – Melastomataceae), Msc. Rosemeri Morokawa (UNICAMP – Apocynaceae), Msc. Marcelo Monge (UNICAMP – Asteraceae), Msc. Nállarett Cardozo (UNICAMP – Rubiaceae), Msc. Gisele Oliveira (IBt/SP – Xyridaceae) e ao Prof. Dr. Marccus Alves (UFPE – Cyperaceae) pelas confirmações e determinações em sua respectivas especialidades. v Agradecimentos À meu pais, Dona Ozana e Seu Lucas, por me mostrarem desde minha infância a importância de buscar Conhecimento, sempre respeitando meus colegas, e que me apoiaram da maneira que puderam nas minhas empreitadas. Às minhas irmãs, Rosana e Luciana, com quem dividi e ainda divido importantes experiências na vida. À toda minha família; aos vivos, com quem festejarei no retorno à terras sergipanas, e aos falecidos, cuja memória manterei acesa enquanto viver. Aos amigos de ontem e de hoje. Aos que connheço desde o Colégio de Aplicação/UFS, especialmente Driele e Thiago Ranniery. Aos que me acompanharam durante a graduação na UFS e por todos os laboratórios que passei (Camila, Andrezza, Ivan, Dante, Júnior, Dani- “sister” , Daniel, Crislaine, Jamylle, Thiago Ranniery de novo!, Neidjoca e tantos mais!) e ao pessoal do zoológico do Parque da Cidade. Aos amigos e colegas de Manaus (Martinha, Kátia, Fernanda, Nállarett, Clóvis,...) e Campinas (Tiago “Padre”, Anna, Gabi, Décio, Shimizu, Luciana, Marcelinho, Marcela, Tamires – pois é, Tamires, cê aparece no bolo da Unicamp!! – Nazareth, Talita, Carol, Zildamara, e uma infinidade de outros nomes!). Aos profs. Maria do Carmo e Volker, por me aceitarem como orientada e que tiveram crucial participação nessa minha iniciação com plantas aquáticas e palustres. À Tiago “Padre” (Unicamp), Kátia (INPA) e Seu Chico (PARNA Viruá), meus mais-que-companheiros durante as coletas no PARNA do Viruá. Aos profs. Mike Hopkins e Marccus Alves, também coordenadores do projeto que possibilitou meu trabalho (“Estudos integrados da caracterização de plantas amazônicas: taxonomia, genética, química, citologia e biologia reprodutiva, com foco no Parque Nacional do Viruá, Estado de Roraima”). Aos professores do Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Unicamp e Departamento de Biologia/UFS, que participaram direta ou indiretamente da minha formação. À todos que trabalham no PARNA Viruá, representados por Antônio e Beatriz Lisboa e Seu Irã. À Profa.Dra. Andréia Flores (curadora do herbário MIRR), Profa. Dra. Albanita da Silva (curadora do herbário UFRR) e principalmente à Raissa Lagreca pela recepção e solicitude durante minha ida a Boa Vista. Aos colegas que tanto me ajudaram no INPA e na Unicamp. E meu mais que obrigada aos músicos, escritores, poetas e demais artistas que, me distraindo fora do horário de trabalho, tornaram possível a escrita desse trabalho! Gratíssima vi SUMÁRIO RESUMO GERAL .................................................................................................................................................... IX INTRODUÇÃO GERAL .............................................................................................................................................1 PLANTAS AQUÁTICAS E PALUSTRES : CARACTERÍSTICAS GERAIS E ESTUDOS NO BRASIL ............................................1 A AMAZÔNIA , SUAS CAMPINARANAS E O PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ ..................................................................5 A TAXONOMIA E NOVAS FERRAMENTAS DE IDENTIFICAÇÃO ....................................................................................12 OBJETIVOS ...............................................................................................................................................................14 CAPÍTULO 1..............................................................................................................................................................15 LEVANTAMENTO FLORÍSTICO DAS ANGIOSPERMAS AQUÁTICAS E PALUSTRES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ, RORAIMA - BR.............................................................................................................15 RESUMO ................................................................................................................................................................15 INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................................................16 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .....................................................................................................................................17 RESULTADOS .......................................................................................................................................................19 DISCUSSÃO...........................................................................................................................................................26 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS...................................................................................................................................31 CAPÍTULO 2..............................................................................................................................................................32 CHAVE INTERATIVA DE ENTRADAS MÚLTIPLAS PARA GÊNEROS DE ANGIOSPERMAS AQUÁTICAS E PALUSTRES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ, RORAIMA........................................32 INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................................................33 MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS ....................................................................................................................................33 RESULTADOS .......................................................................................................................................................34 CAPÍTULO 3..............................................................................................................................................................39 LENTIBULARIACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ, RORAIMA, BRASIL .................................39 INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................................................40 MATERIAL E MÉTODOS .....................................................................................................................................41 RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO .............................................................................................................................43 REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS......................................................................................................................73 PRANCHA 1 – AMBIENTES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ: RIOS E LAGOS TEMPORÁRIOS. 82 PRANCHA 2 – AMBIENTES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ: RIOS E LAGOS TEMPORÁRIOS (2). ................................................................................................................................................................................83 PRANCHA 3 – FITOFISIONOMIAS DE CAMPINARANA NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ............84 PRANCHA 4 – ANGIOSPERMAS BASAIS E MONOCOTILEDÔNEAS NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ (EXEMPLOS SELECIONADOS). .............................................................................................................85 PRANCHA 5 – EUDICOTILEDÔNEAS DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ (EXEMPLOS SELECIONADOS).....................................................................................................................................................86 PRANCHA 6 – INTERFACE DO SOFTWARE LUCID V3.3 (BUILDER)..........................................................87 PRANCHA 7 – INTERFACE DO SOFTWARE LUCID V3.3 (BUILDER)..........................................................88 PRANCHA 8 – INTERFACE DO SOFTWARE LUCID V3.3 (BUILDER)..........................................................89 vii PRANCHA 9 – INTERFACE SOFTWARE LUCID 3.3 (PLAYER). ....................................................................90 PRANCHA I – LENTIBULARIACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ..............................................91 PRANCHA II – LENTIBULARIACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ............................................92 PRANCHA III – LENTIBULARIACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ. .........................................93 PRANCHA IV – LENTIBULARIACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ...........................................94 PRANCHA V – LENTIBULARIACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ ............................................95 ANEXO 1 – DISTRIBUIÇÃO GEOGRÁFICA DAS ESPÉCIES AQUÁTICAS E PALUSTRES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ NO BRASIL ....................................................................................................................97 ANEXO 2 – ANGIOSPERMAS AQUÁTICAS E PALUSTRES DO PARQUE NACIONAL DO VIRUÁ (MATERIAL EXAMINADO).................................................................................................................................102 viii RESUMO GERAL A Amazônia apresenta um mosaico de formações vegetais, cuja riqueza
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