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Check List Is Under a Creative Commons Atribuição-Nãocomercial-Semderivados 2.5 Brasil (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 BR) Check List is under a Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivados 2.5 Brasil (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 BR). Fonte: http://www.checklist.org.br/about. Acesso em: 19 nov. 2013. REFERÊNCIA AMARAL, Aryanne Gonçalves et al. Vascular flora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado seven years after a fire, Federal District, Brasil. Check List, v. 9, n. 3, p. 487-503, 2013. Disponível em: <http://www.checklist.org.br/getpdf?SL121-12>. Acesso em: 6 jan. 2013. Check List 9(3): 487–503, 2013 © 2013 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution PECIES S OF Vascular flora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado 1* 1 1,2 and ISTS 3 L seven years after a fire, Federal District, Brazil Aryanne Gonçalves Amaral , Cássia Beatriz R. Munhoz , Chesterton Ulysses Orlando Eugênio Jeanine Maria Felfili 1 Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica. Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, bloco D, 1° Taguatinga,piso. CEP 70910-900. DF, Brazil. Asa Norte, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 2 Universidade Católica de Brasília, Curso de Biologia, Laboratório de Botânica. Campus I - QS 07 Lote 01 EPCT, Águas Claras. CEP 71966-700 – [email protected] 3 Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Engenharia Florestal. Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil. In memoriam * Corresponding author. E-mail: Abstract: Studies of temporal dynamics for grassland sites report that fire suppression plays a crucial role in floristic changes. The objective of this study was to verify whether after seven years without fire, communities showed variations in terms of composition, life forms, pollination and dispersal syndromes. The first survey (T0) was conducted from September 1999 to October 2000, while the second (T1) took place from August 2006 to August 2007. The floristic results in T1 were compared with the survey in T0 through the Sorensen similarity index and Chi-square tests. Over time, there were differences in the composition, life forms and pollination and dispersion syndromes. The evidence of changes suggests that the frequency of the fire regime can be considered the main agent for change in the flora of these communities. Introduction In South America, the largest savanna region is located in Brazil, and is called Cerrado, and as in other savannas, The dynamic process in a community is characterized by patterns, mechanisms and, in many systems, successive (Gottsbergerthe fire regime and is anSilberbauer-Gottsberger important factor in the 2006a). evolution In disturbances are important sources of changes in the of the landscape and, consequently, of the vegetation landscape (Glenn-Lewin and van der Maarel 1992). The progression of changes in the composition and structure savannic physiognomies the presence of trees is greater directionalof a community change over (Buchanan time, due 1982). to disturbances in the in areas protected from fire, especially in dry-shrub environment, is conceptualized as a succession process or savannas, where protection allows the regeneration of the woody component (Moreira 2000). In general, the absence Studies of temporal dynamics for grassland sites report of fire benefits the woody component and increases the that the suppression of disturbances such as fire plays structural complexity of vegetation, while the passage of a crucial role inet theal. floristic and structural changes of 1998).fire benefits the non-woody component and increases the these communities (San José and Fariñas 1991; Moreira presence of herbs and subshrubs in the landscape (Mistry 2000; Behling 2007; Kahmen and Poschlod 2008; Ravi and D’Odorico 2009). Changes over time are related In the Cerrado, mostet al.of the ongoing studieset al. 2008, on to differences in species abundance and composition, dynamics have focused only on the tree layer (Libano differences in the spectrum of life forms and functional and Felfili 2006; Aquino 2007; Roitman characteristics. The suppression of fire in savannas Carvalho and Felfili 2011). Studies that directly focus on intervenes in natural ecological processes, and in more understanding the temporal dynamics of the herbaceous open areas like grasslands, a gradualet al increase in the density (Eugênioand shrub et layer al. 2011). over the years are still scarce, especially of woody and fire-sensitive species can be seen (San José with regard to the grassland physiognomies of the biome and Fariñas 1983; 1991; Silva . 2001; Durigan and Ratter 2006; Gardner 2006; Pinheiro and Durigan 2009). The Cerrado phytogeographical domain has a very Savannas are considered dynamic ecotones,et al. distributed 2008). In heterogeneous physiognomy, that ranges from open between grassland formations and more densely asgrasslands cerrado sensuto dense stricto forests, but which has as the most interactionsvegetated areas with (Coutinho the climate, 1978, soil andRoitman disturbances such as common formation the savannic physiognomy, known these landscapes grasses and trees coexist, influenced by (Oliveira-Filho and Ratter 2002; et al. 2008). The Ab’Sáber 2003; Ribeiro and Walter 2008). The grassland fire, and fluctuations in any of these factors may result in formations include wet grassland (campo limpo), dry- an increase in certain life forms (Roitman shrub grassland (campo sujo) and “campo rupestre” intensification or suppression of disturbances modifies the (rupiculous field grassland) (Ribeiro and Walter 2008), composition of species in an area. The landscape is altered (Sanoand until et al 2007. 2007). these occupied 7% of the entire Cerrado. In by the exclusion of sensitive species in the first case, and the Federal District alone, they covered a total of 6,164 ha by the exclusion of resistant species in the second (Libano and Felfili 2006). The dry-shrub grassland (Campo sujo) is one of the 487 Amaral et al. | Vascular flora in dry-shrub and wet grassland Cerrado physiognomies of the Cerrado domain and is comprised the meteorological station of the IBGE Ecological Reserve exclusively by shrubs and herbaceous species, where (RECOR), at a distance of approximately 5 km from the variations in topography, soil, and humidity allow the study site. establishment of subshrub-herbaceous species and also The dry-shrub grassland in ALF occurs+3 (0.35 on an cmolc.dm- Oxisol of of some woody species found in adjacent cerrado areas low fertility, with 2good + drainage, deep groundwater2+ (0.12 cmolc. and (Ribeiro and Walter 2008). Wet grasslands (Campo limpo acid soil (pH+ 4.02), and high levels of Al úmido) can be found inet variousal topographic positions, with ³), low levels of Ca (0.35 cmolc.dm-³), Mg different variations in humidity, depth and soil fertility dm-³) and P (1.14 cmolc.dm-³) (Munhoz and Felfili 2006). conditions (Munhoz . 2008). This physiognomy rarely The wet grassland adjacent to the dry-shrub grassland has occurs in flat areas with deep soils, but is common in Central a hydromorphic soil with a shallow water table, featuring Brazil, on the slopes of plateaus and alongside “veredas” areas of temporary flooding in the rainy season3+ (0.87 and (palm swampy vegetation) (Ribeiro and Walter 2008). cmolc.dm-³),permanent ones low Cain 2+the (0.22 depressions. cmolc.dm-3 The 2+wet (0, grassland11 cmolc. The wet grasslands occur on the edge of gallery forests,et al. dmalso-3 features+ (3.31 acid cmolc.dmsoil (pH 3.76),-3 high levelset al. of2008). Al seasonally flooded soils in valley bottoms, especially on ), Mg hydromorphic soils and peaty organicet al .soils 2008). (Felfili Data) collection and P ) (Munhoz 2005), with gradations of humidity and segments where the water table is shallow (Munhoz sensu stricto This paper reports on an ongoing monitoring project The study sites and the surrounding areas (gallery of the flora in an area of wet grassland and dry-shrub forest and cerrado ) experienced an accidental grassland, on the Água Limpa Farm, located in the south of fire in the first week of August 1999, about a month before the Federal District, Brazil. The study sites had experienced the first survey (T0), carried out in the area on a fortnightly an accidental fire about a month before the first survey basis, from September 1999 to October 2000 (Munhoz (1999-2001) (Munhoz and Felfili 2007a), and over a and Felfili 2004; 2007a), but have never since suffered any period of seven years there were no disturbances related disturbances related to the fire regime. to the fire regime. The main objectives were to verify The second floristic survey (T1) was carried out twice a whether after seven years without fire, the communities month from August 2006 to August 2007. In both studies, showed variation in their floristic composition, life forms, botanical materials in reproductive stage of all specimens Materialspollination and and dispersal Methods syndromes. with herbaceous, subshrub, shrub and nonwoody liana Study site habits were collected along marked trails running parallel and perpendicular to the edge of the gallery forest stream Taquara, so as to cover the greatest possible extent of the This study was conducted in adjacent wet grassland and site (Munhoz and Felfili 2004; 2007a). dry-shrub grassland sites (Figure 1), both of approximately The species collected were classified according to the 16 ha, located on the Água Limpa Farm (ALF), (15°56’ to main groups of plant life forms, following the terminology 15°59’ S and 47°55’ to 47°58’ WGr.), in the south of the proposed by Raunkiaer (1934) and adapted by Ellenberg Federal District, and owned by the University of Brasilia and Mueller-Dombois (1967). The taxonomic identification (UnB), comprising a core area of the Cerrado Biosphere was performed by reference to the literature, comparison Reserve. with specimens from the herbarium of the University of The climate is Aw according to Köppen classification Brasilia (UB) and the Ecological Reserve of the Brazilian and is characterized by two well defined seasons: one Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and subsequent that is hot and rainy (October to April) and the other cold confirmation by specialists in each taxonomic group.
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