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Checklist Das Spermatophyta Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil

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Checklist Das Spermatophyta Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil Biota Neotrop., vol. 11(Supl.1) Checklist das Spermatophyta do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley1,10, George John Shepherd2, Suzana Ehlin Martins1, Tiago Egger Moellwald Duque Estrada3, Rebeca Politano Romanini1, Ingrid Koch4, José Rubens Pirani5, Therezinha Sant’Anna Melhem1, Ana Maria Giulietti Harley6, Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita2, Mara Angelina Galvão Magenta7, Hilda Maria Longhi Wagner8, Fábio de Barros9, Lúcia Garcez Lohmann5, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral2, Inês Cordeiro1, Sonia Aragaki1, Rosângela Simão Bianchini1 & Gerleni Lopes Esteves1 1Núcleo de Pesquisa Herbário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica, CP 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil 3Programa Biota/FAPESP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Itinga, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil 5Departamento de Botânica – IBUSP, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Rua do Matão, 277, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 6Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – UEFS, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil 7Universidade Santa Cecília – UNISANTA, R. Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, Santos, SP, Brasil 8Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Campus do Vale, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, IV, prédio 43432, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 9Núcleo de Pesquisa Orquidário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica, CP 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 10Autor para correspondência: Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley, e-mail: [email protected] WANDERLEY, M.G.L., SHEPHERD, G.J., MARTINS, S.E., ESTRADA, T.E.M.D., ROMANINI, R.P., KOCH, I., PIRANI, J.R., MELHEM, T.S., HARLEY, A.M.G., KINOSHITA, L.S., MAGENTA, M.A.G., WAGNER, H.M.L., BARROS, F., LOHMANN, L.G., AMARAL, M.C.E., CORDEIRO, I., ARAGAKI, S., BIANCHINI, R.S. & ESTEVES, G.L. Checklist of Spermatophyta of the São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotrop. v11(1a): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?inventory+bn0131101a2011 Abstract: The Phanerogamic Flora of São Paulo State project has been dedicated to create an inventory of the flora for 20 years. More than 200 collaborators are involved, mostly from the State of São Paulo, with the contributions of researchers from other states and from abroad. Since 2001, seven books with monographs of 151 families were published, dealing with 3,237 species within 722 genera. This project was the starting-point of the gathering of information about the diversity of spermatophytes of the State of São Paulo. The current checklist, at this point, presents an updated and virtually complete list of species, all certified by specialists. It also contains references to scientific collections for most of the taxa (vouchers) or to bibliography referring to the natural or subspontaneous occurrence of the species in the State. The list now contains 7,305 species distributed in 1,776 genera and in 197 spermatophyte families (according to Cronquist 1981) or 195 (according to APG III). 23% of the 31,728 species of spermatophytes listed in the Flora of Brazil occur in São Paulo State. The most representative families are Orchidaceae (797 species), Asteraceae (676 species), Fabaceae (513 species), Poaceae (500 species), Myrtaceae (304), Rubiaceae (265 species) and Melastomataceae (253 species), which, altogether, accumulate 3,308 species and constitute 45% of total species of spermatophytes in the state. The wealth of the Brazilian plant diversity, partially expressed in São Paulo, shows how important is the continuity of floristic studies in a country that is very likely to hold the largest plant diversity in the planet. Keywords: phanerogams, plant biodiversity, flora. Number of species: In the world: 270.000; In Brazil: 31.728; In Sao Paulo State: 7.305. WANDERLEY, M.G.L., SHEPHERD, G.J., MARTINS, S.E., ESTRADA, T.E.M.D., ROMANINI, R.P., KOCH, I., PIRANI, J.R., MELHEM, T.S., HARLEY, A.M.G., KINOSHITA, L.S., MAGENTA, M.A.G., WAGNER, H.M.L., BARROS, F., LOHMANN, L.G., AMARAL, M.C.E., CORDEIRO, I., ARAGAKI, S., BIANCHINI, http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/pt/abstract?inventory+bn0131101a2011 http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br 192 Biota Neotrop., vol. 11(Supl.1) Wanderley, M.G.L. et al. R.S. & ESTEVES, G.L. Checklist das Spermatophyta do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotrop. v11(1a): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/pt/abstract?inventory+bn0131101a2011 Resumo: O projeto Flora Fanerogâmica do Estado de São Paulo tem se dedicado a inventariar a flora paulistana há quase 20 anos. Conta com a atuação de mais de 200 colaboradores, a maioria do próprio estado, além de pesquisadores de outros estados e do exterior. Desde 2001, foram publicados sete volumes com as monografias de 151 famílias, contendo 3.237 espécies em 722 gêneros. Este projeto foi o ponto de partida para o conhecimento da diversidade das espécies de espermatófitas do estado de São Paulo. A apresentação do checklist neste momento é oportuna por constituir a produção de uma listagem das espécies com identificações certificadas pelos especialistas, além de conter a referência de uma coleção de herbário para a maior parte dos táxons (material-testemunho) ou referência à bibliografia em que a espécie é citada como ocorrente, de forma nativa ou subespontânea, no estado. Dessa forma, é aqui apresentada a listagem das espermatófitas do estado de São Paulo, com 7.305 espécies, distribuídas em 1.776 gêneros e em 197 famílias (segundo Cronquist 1981) ou então 195 (segundo o APG III). Em relação à flora do Brasil, com 31.728 espécies de espermatófitas, o estado São Paulo compartilha de 23% dessas espécies. As famílias mais representativas são Orchidaceae (797 espécies), Asteraceae (676 espécies), Fabaceae (513 espécies), Poaceae (500 espécies), Myrtaceae (304), Rubiaceae (265 espécies) e Melastomataceae (253 espécies) que, juntas, somam 3.308 espécies e constituem mais de 45% do total de espécies de espermatófitas do estado. Considerando a grande diversidade vegetal brasileira, parcialmente expressa em um estado, depreende- se a grande importância da continuidade dos estudos florísticos no Brasil, país provavelmente detentor da maior diversidade vegetal do planeta. Palavras-chave: fanerógamas, biodiversidade vegetal, flora. Número de espécies: No mundo: 270.000; No Brasil: 31.728; Em São Paulo: 7.305. Introdução As Spermatophyta são, sem dúvida, a linhagem mais diversificada um sistema apropriado de banco de dados gerenciado pelo Centro entre as plantas vasculares, com cerca de 270.000 espécies atuais e de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA). Os números maior diversidade nas angiospermas, com aproximadamente 257.000 resultantes são importantes não só porque fornecem uma visão espécies (Judd et al. 1999). O Brasil, um país essencialmente tropical, geral da grandeza da diversidade vegetal brasileira, mas também por de dimensão continental e com variados tipos de formações vegetais, estabelecerem horizontes mais claros para direcionar novas pesquisas é mundialmente reconhecido por sua expressiva diversidade vegetal. na área da taxonomia e de estudos florísticos. Os resultados também Em função dessa riqueza, e pelas lacunas no conhecimento da flora evidenciam a carência de dados referentes a algumas regiões do Brasil brasileira, as estimativas do número de espécies de angiospermas são e coleções de herbários de vários grupos. Ainda existe um grande bastante contrastantes na literatura, com referências que vão desde número de nomes considerados sinônimos, que demandam melhor 30 mil a 55 mil espécies, sendo este último número apresentado por investigação e análise de materiais-tipo, para alcançar circunscrições Giulietti et al. (2005). taxonômicas mais aprimoradas. Confirma-se a forte necessidade A preocupação mundial com a conservação da biodiversidade de estimular um maior esforço de coletas botânicas, aumentando o acarreta uma demanda urgente de seu conhecimento, o que tem levado conhecimento da variabilidade morfológica e distribuição geográfica o Brasil a implantar ações que estimulem levantamentos florísticos de muitos táxons, e também de reforçar a manutenção, informatização no País. A Estratégia Global para a Conservação de Plantas (GSPC), e autenticação das coleções depositadas nos herbários. Este trabalho assumida pelo Brasil na Convenção sobre a Diversidade Biológica vem sendo constantemente revisado, sendo que sua versão mais (CDB), tem como um de seus objetivos o incremento do conhecimento recente da Lista de Espécies da Flora do Brasil aponta para 31.702 e da conservação das plantas. A primeira meta é a elaboração de uma espécies de angiospermas (Forzza et al. 2012) e 26 de gimnospermas listagem acessível das plantas de cada país, visando à obtenção de (Souza 2012) ocorrentes no Brasil. um panorama completo da flora mundial. Nesse aspecto, o Brasil teve um grande avanço ao publicar o Breve Histórico “Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil” (Forzza et al. 2010a), cujos dados indicam um total de 40.982 espécies, com destaque para as O interesse pela grande riqueza natural da flora e da vegetação fanerógamas, que somaram 31.182 espécies (31.156 angiospermas brasileiras levou, no passado, vários naturalistas europeus a e 26 gimnospermas). O Catálogo incluiu ainda 1.521 espécies de percorrerem o país coletando plantas e animais. Esses exemplares briófitas, 1.176 de pteridófitas, 3.495 de algas, além de 3.608 de foram depositados, na grande maioria, em coleções de museus e fungos. Esse levantamento foi produto de uma demanda do Ministério jardins botânicos da Europa e serviram de base para a elaboração do Meio Ambiente (MMA) e resultou de um trabalho coletivo da “Flora Brasiliensis”, editada e publicada pelos botânicos Carl desenvolvido por mais de 400 taxonomistas, realizado durante o ano F. P. von Martius, August W.
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