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THE Brazillan EOGONDWANIC FLORAL SUCCESSION

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THE Brazillan EOGONDWANIC FLORAL SUCCESSION BRITO, J. M. Maranhites, um importante tossi! índice ... p. 80 - 85 BIBLIOGRAFIA BAR, P. & RIEGEL, W.,-1974-Les Microflores des Séries Paléozoiques du Ghana (Afrique Ocidentale) et leurs relations paléofloristiques. Sci. Geol., Buli. 27,1-2, p. 39-58,2 est., 8 figs., Strasbourg. BRITO, I. M. -1965-A- Novos Microfósseis Devonianos do Maranhão. Esc. Geol. Uno Bahia, publ. avo 1,4 p., 1 est., Salvador. ----o -1965-B- Nota Prévia sobre os Microfósseis Devonianos de Pernambuco. Esc. Geol. Uno Bahia, publ. avo 3,8 p., 3 est., Salvador. ----o -1967-A- Silurian and Devonian Acritarcha from Maranhão Basin, Brazil. Micropaleontology, 13,4, p. 473 -482, 2 est., New York. ----o -1967-B- Novo subgrupo de Acritarcha do Devoniano do Maranhão. An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., V. 39, n. 1, p. 163-166,3 est., Rio de Janeiro. ---o -1976 - Contribuição ao Conhecimento dos Microfósseis Devonianos de Pernambuco. 11 - Alguns Acri­ tarcha Comuns aos do Devoniano do Saara. An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., V. 48, n. 4, p. 747-756,7 figs., Rio de Janeiro. DAEMON, R. F. -1964 - Palinomorfos Guias do Devoniano Superior e Carbonifero Inferior das Bacias do Amazo­ nas e doParnafba. An. Acad. Brasil. Cienc., V. 46, n. 3/4, p. 547-587,8 est., 4 figs., Rio de Janeiro. DAEMON, R. F., QUADROS, L. P. & SILVA, L. C. -1967- Devonian Palynology and Biostratigraphy ofthe Paraná Basin. BoI. Paranaense Geoc., 21-22, p. 99-132,4 est., Curitiba. JARDINÉ, S. -1972- Microplancton (Acritarches) et limites stratigraphiques du Silurien Terminal au Dévonien Supérieur. 7 éme Congr. Int. Strat. Géol. Carbonif., 1, p. 295 -311,3 est., Krefeld. LUDWIG, G, & MÜLLER, H. -1968- Zur Frage der prakarbonishen Diskordanz imMaranhão-Tucano und Jatoba Becken (Brazilien). Geol. Jb., 85, p. 497-516,1 est., 7 fugs., 2 tab., Hannover. MOREAU-BENOIT, A. -1966- Etude des Spores du Dévonien Inferieur d'Avrillé (Le Fléchay), Anjou. Rev. MicropaJeontologie, 8,4, p. 215 -232,3 est.; 3 figs., Paris. SOMMER, F. W.-1956- Novas Espécies de Tasmanites do Devoniano do Pará. An. Acad. Brasil. Ciênc., V. 35, n. 1, p. 51-65, 3 est., Rio dI( Janeiro. SOMMER, F. W. & VAN BOEKEL, N. M. -1966-Revisão das Tasmanaceae Brasileiras. An. Acad. Brasil. Ciênc., V. 38, n. 1, p. 53-64, 1 est., Rio de Janeiro. THE BRAZILlAN EOGONDWANIC FLORAL SUCCESSION OSCAR ROSLER Departamento de Paleontologia e Estratigrafia This paper has the objective to present on this scheme some general aspects, including an actualized scheme .of the distribu tion of the problem of the Carboniferous-Perrnian fossil plant assemblages in the outcroping boundary, are briefly discussed. sediments of the Paraná Basin (Brazil). Based A review of such distribution was pre- 85 Advances in Palaeobotany and Allied Sciences in Brazil BoI.IG. Inst. Geociências, USP, V . 9: 57·152,1978, sented by RIGBY (1970), suggesting the common elements are: Arberia.,Noeggerathio­ possibility to recognize two floras, calling psis, Rhodiopteridium, and many others accor· the flora of Tubarão Group the "Glossopteris­ ding . to the localities. Lycopodiopsis is not -Gangamopteris Flora", and the flora of Passa common and fems are rare. Annularia has Dois Group the "Lycopodiopsis Flora". not been recorded. Occurrence: Mainly ROSLER (1973) distinguished four groups in the upper, but some in the middle part of of fossil plant assemblages (= Taphofloras) Rio Bonito Formation, in the North and South named by letters A (older) 1toD (younger). of Santa Catarina State. Typical locality: An younger taphoflora (E) was discoverd Criciuma, S. Catarina (21 RB/SC). Probable thereafter in the Uppermost Permian (ROS~ .. age: Artinskian to Kungurian. LER, 1975a, 1975b & in press). The present paper is a synopsis and Taphoflora D - Characteristcs: Presence of brings this subdivision up to date. It is mainly Lycopodiopsis derbyi as one of the most based on the result of an extensive sistematic common elements. Some localities have field work during which tens of new fossil yelded · Krauselcladus (Y oshida, 1970), Gin~ plant localities were discovered, some of them kgophyte leaves, and Charophyte remains. very important to this study, like S. J. Triunfo Absence of several characteristic forms of (1 RB/PR), Fluviópolis (86 EN/PR) and Dori­ the taphofloras A, B and C. Taphoflora I? zon (79 RR/PR) (Fig. 1). could be called a "taphofloristic complex". All samples collected during the field Occurrence: Irati Formation with an informal work programme refered here are in the Palaeo­ Polysolemoxylon zone) and mainly Estrada No.. botanical Collection of the Departament va Formation, from São Paulo to Rio Grande of Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, Institute do Sul. Typical localities: Artemis (3 EN/SP), of Geoscience, University of São Paulo (Bra­ Laras (7 EN/SP) and Fluviopolis (86 EN/PR). zil). Age: Upper Permian. Six fossil plant assemblages (taphoflo­ ras) were recognized (Fig. 2): Taphoflora E - Characteristics: This taphoflo­ ra contains the last (youngest) occurrences Taphoflora A - Characterized by: Paracala­ of Glossopterids. They are represented by mites, Paranoclodus, Lycopodiàpsis pedroanus some few species of Glossopteris, generally and Samaropsis as common elements. Presence small and particularly narrow leaves. Spheno­ of Botrychiopsis, Noeggerathiopsis, Buriadia, phyllum are of the Sph. speciosum type. Other etc. Absence, at least apparently, of Ganga­ elements are considerably less common, but mopteris and Glossopteris. Occurrence: Itararé it is important to quote the presence of ?Dizeu­ Subgroup, Monte Mor Locality (4 IT/SP), gotheca sp. Occurrence: Rio do Rasto For· São Paulo State. I t is the oldest taphoflora of mation in Paraná and Santa Catarina. Typical the studied sequence. Probable age: Stepha­ locality: Dorizon, Parana (79 RR/PR). Age: nian. Upper Perrnian to? Lower Triassic. Taphoflora B - Characteristics: A sterotheca, Taphoflora F - Characteristics: Severa1 of Pecopteris spp. and Annu/aria are abundant. Dicroidium and other elements of Triassic Relatively common elements are:Paranoclodus, age. Absence of the characteristic elements Lycopodiopsis pedroanus, Paraca/amites, Gan­ of the preceeding taphofloras. Occurrence: gamopteris, Glossopteris, Sphenophyllum, etc. Santa Maria "facies" (Rosario do Sul Forma· Occurrence: Basal to middle part of the Rio tion, Rio Grande do Sul (75 SM/RS, etc.). Bonito Formation, mainly. at localities of Age: Middle Triassic. Northeast and South of Parana State. Typical locality: São João do Triunfo (1 RB/PR). Some localities like Cerquilho Velho Age : Lower Perrnian. (38 IT/SP) and Acampamento Velho (33 TU/RS) seem to represent the first occurrences Taphoflora C - Characteristics: Glossopteris of Glossopteridis. Untill further studies I am and Gangamopteris are abundant Relatively considering them as intermediary (or Transi· 86 B r a z i I li' fig.1 50 100 150 200 250 Im 51 ' O. lthlu ~ 1975 55' FIG.l Eastern area of outcroping sediments of the Paraná Basin, showing the relative situation of the localities refered in the text and figo 2. Major stratigraphic and geographic situation of each locality is indicated by the letters: Lithostratigraphic units: RO - Rosário do Sul Formation RR - Rio do Rasto Formation SM - Santa Maria Formation co - Corumbataí Formation TU - Tubarão Group EN - Estrada Nova Formation GU - Guatá Subgroup Geographic names: IR - Irati Formation IT - Itararé Subgroup PR - State of Paraná PA - Palermo Formation RS - State of Rio Grande do Sul PD - Passa Dois Group SC - State of Santa Catarina RB - Rio Bonito Formation SP - State of São Paulo , 87 Advances in Palaeobotany and Allied Sciences in Brazil BoI. IG. Inst. Geociências, USP, V. 9 : 57-152,1978 tional) between taphofloras A and B. Those Glossopteris in this area coincides with the localities contain mainly "gangamopteroids" probable transition to post glacial conditions leaves. Thus, the oldest rest of Glossopterids and its upper limit coincides with increasin­ found during this study are those of the upper­ gly arid conditions. The actual record suggests most part of the Itararé Subgroup bellow that Gangamopteris appeared before Glossop­ the last recorded (youngest) diamictites. teris. The first (oldest) abundant and clear1y distinguished Glossopteris species in the lower­ There are several causes that could most part of the Rio Bonito Formation in be pointed as responsible for the differences several localities. The predominance of Glos­ and similarities among these fossil plant assem­ sopteridales in the assemblages is observed blages. Obviously some of the differences in the middle and upper part of the Rio Bonito and similarities are clearly caused by local Formation, mainly in Santa Catarina and Para­ conditions of deposition. This is mainly ná States. Their younger occurrence is in the true for Taphoflora D, where assemblage Rio do Rasto Formation. So, the lower limit of composition varies considerably from one TAPHOFLORAS Ah,ansl 8 C o I E F Tubarão Groun Passa Dois Grou S.8to. LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC UNITS Itararé Guatá Se . Rio Bonito Fm. Estrada Nova Formation R.Rasto Fm SMFM (J) (J) (J) Cl.(J) CC CC CC cc CC CC (J) U uu U Cl. Cl. Cl. Cl. cc cc CC (J) U U CC CC Cl. CC Cl. CC CC fQE: Cl. Cl. Cl. Cl. Cl. CC ~ ~fQ ~(J) ~ ~ fQe: Cl. Cl. ~~ ~ Cl. ~ e:: CO co - ~ e:: r- :l ãJãJ Cii Cii ãi3 ::; co co Z Z Z Z z 22 z CC CC ã: CC i i REPRESENTATIV r- - r- CC CC ~ CC CC a: <.:l <.:l a: a: a: ex: z w w w w w w w a: a: a: a: (J) (J) co", W w .o <t N N ~ LD coo <t LD .... o co .... .... co o <t <O .... LD'" LD ~ .... N ~ ~ ~ TAXA "'", LD ~ :: N N N ~'" ~ ~ ~ .... co .... ~ '" '" N '" '" .... uRhacooteris" {in Millan 19721 U BotrvchioDSis Ku,tz O O O Paranocladus Flori n • U • O O U • Buríadia Seward and Sahni O O O U O U O Lycopodiops;s pedroanus (Car- ,uthers)' Edwa,ds O O O O O O O O NoeaaerathioDsis Feistmantel O U O O • O O O O Phyjlotheca Brongniart O O O O O O O ?GanaamoDteris McCov O O U ?Glossooteris Bronnniart U O Sphenophy/lum brasíliensis Rosler O O Gangamopteris obovata ICa,- ruthers) White O O U U O O O U U U Asterotheca cambuhyensis (Read) Rosler (m/s) O U O • A.
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