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Order Number 8824588 Anatomically preservedGlossopteris and Dicroidium from the Transantarctic mountains Pigg, Kathleen Belle, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1988 U MI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a checkV . mark 1. Glossy photographs or pages >/ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or_______ print 3. Photographs with dark background > / 4. Illustrations are poor copy_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original copy >/ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides_______ of p ag e 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages \ / 8. Print exceeds margin requirements______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost_______ in spine 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct______ print 11. Page(s)____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s)____________seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages num bered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received_________ 16. Other ___________________________________________________________________ UMI ANATOMICALLY PRESERVED GLOSSOPTERIS AND DICROIDIUM FROM THE TRANSANTARCTIC MOUNTAINS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Kathleen Belle Pigg, B.S., M.Sc. * * * The Ohio State University 1988 Dissertation Committee: Approved By: Thomas N. Taylor Daniel J. Crawford Advxser V. Raghavan Department of Botany Fred D. Sack ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Support from the following grants during the writing of this dissertation is gratefully acknowledged: National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant, Geological Society of America Research Grant, The Ohio State University Graduate School Alumni Research Award, and The Ohio State University Presidential Fellowship. I would like to thank my reading committee, Drs. D. J. Crawford, V. Raghavan, F. D. Sack, and T. N. Taylor, for their careful editing and helpful comments on the manuscript. Drs. R. E. G. Boerner and D. L. Wrensch generously contributed advice and assistance on statistical procedures. Dr. R. Burry is gratefully acknowledged for the use of his computer facilities, and J. Osborn for assistance with graphics. Valuable insight into the problems of Gondwana paleobotany and gymnosperm phylogeny resulted from conversations with Drs. S. Archangelsky, G. W. Rothwell, R. A. Stockey, and E. L. Taylor. F. A. Bryan, D. F. Chappell, M. L. De Vore, B. L. Gibbins, L. K. Hussey, L. J. Thomas, J. A. Pigg, and E. von Bakonyi provided help and encouragement in countless ways. I would especially like to thank Dr. T. N. Taylor for his advice, direction, and personal and professional encouragement throughout the course of this study. iii VITA January 27,1958 ............ Born, Urbana, Ohio 1978-1980 .................... Research assistant, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 1980 ......................... B. Sc., Ohio University 1980-1982 .................. Graduate teaching assistant Graduate research assistant, Ohio University 1982 ........................ M. Sc., Ohio University 1982-1987 .................... Graduate teaching assistant, Graduate research assistant, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1987-1988 .................... Presidential Fellow, The Ohio State University 1988 - ...................... Assistant Professor, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 1989 NATO Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada PUBLICATIONS Pigg, K. B., and G. W. Rothwell, 1979. Stem— root transition of an Upper Pennsylvanian woody lycopsid. Amer. J. Bot. 66: 914-924. Pigg, K. B., 1983. The morphology and reproductive biology of the sigillarian cone Mazocarpon. Bot. Gaz. 144: 600-613. Pigg, K. B., and G. W. Rothwell, 1983a. Chaloneria, gen. nov., heterosporous lycophytes from the Pennsylvanian of North America. Bot. Gaz. 144: 132-147. Pigg, K. B., and G. W. Rothwell, 1983b. Megagametophyte development in the Chaloneriaceae fam. nov., permineralized Paleozoic Isoetales (Lycopsida). Bot. Gaz. 144: 295-302. Pigg, K. B., and G. W. Rothwell, 1985. Cortical development in Chaloneria cormosa (Isoetales), and the biological derivation of compressed lycophyte decortication taxa. Palaeontology 28: 545-553. Pigg, K. B., and T. N. Taylor, 1985a. Cormophyton gen. nov., a cormose lycopod from the Mazon Creek flora. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 44: 165-181. Pigg, K. B., and T. N. Taylor, 1985b. Anatomically preserved Glossopteris from the Beardmore Glacier area of Antarctica. Ant. J. U. S. 19: 8-10. Pigg, K. B., R. A. Stockey, and T. N. Taylor, 1986. Studies of Paleozoic seed ferns: Additional studies of Microspermopteris aphyllum Baxter. Bot. Gaz. 147: 126-136. Pigg, K. B., and T. N. Taylor. 1987a. Anatomically preserved Glossopteris from Antarctica. VII Simposio Argentino de Paleobotanica y Palinologia Actas, Buenos Aires: 177-180. Pigg, K. B., and T. N. Taylor. 1987b. Anatomically preserved Dicroidium from the Transantarctic Mountains. Ant. J. U. S. (in press). v Pigg, K. B.f T. N. Taylor, and R. A. Stockey, 1987. Studies of Paleozoic seed ferns: Heterangium kentuckyensis sp. nov., from the Upper Carboniferous of North America. Amer. J. Bot. 74: 1184-1204. FIELDS OF STUDY Major field: Paleobotany LIST OP TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Parameters measured from Glossopteris leaves for quantitative analysis ..................... 181 2. Species of Indian Glossopteris used in quantitative analysis. Data from Chandra and Surange (1979).................. 182 3. Summary of major cuticular features reported for glossopterid leaves. H=hypostomatic, A=amphistomatic, N=narrow mesh, B=broad mesh s.c. =subsidiary cell, e.c.= epidermal cell, unspec.=unspecialized, gcl=guard cell length, irreg.=irregular orientation, conting. = contiguous stomata, long.=longitudinal orientation, *=fibers present. Data from indicated references.............................. 185 4. Occurrence of features in association with glossopterid cuticular studies (Table 3). 1. Mesh shape [narrow (N) vs. broad (B)] .... 186 5. Occurrence of features in association with glossopterid cuticular studies (Table 3). 2. Hypostomatic (H) vs. amphistomatic (A), vs. unistomatic ( U ) ................................. 187 6. Occurrence of features in association with glosssopterid cuticular studies (Table 3). 3. Epidermal cell wall shape (St= straight anticlinal margins; Si=sinuous, Rt=rectangular; Cv=curved, u=upper epidermis, l=lower epidermis). .188 vii 7. Occurrence of features in association with glossopterid cuticular studies (Table 3). 4. Relationship of mesh shape [narrow (N) vs. broad (B)] to stomatal position [hypo- (H) vs. amphi- (A) vs. unistomatic (U)]............... 189 8. Occurrence of features in association with glossopterid cuticular studies (Table 3). 5. Relationship between stomatal position [hypo- (H) vs. amphi- (A) vs. unistomatic (U)] and mesh shape [narrow (N) vs. broad B) ]............... 190 9. Results of multiple discriminate analysis of Antarctic leaves, based on continuous variables (i.e., mesh length, width, angle of lateral veins with midrib, and mesh area)....................... 191 10. Mean values + standard error for continuous variables for G. schopfii and G. skaarensis . .192 viii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES PAGE 1. Glosspteris schopfii. Composite of line diagrams to illustrate morphological variability.......................... 193 2-5. Glossopteris schopfii. External morphology. .195 6-10. Glossopteris schopfii. Anatomical features . .197 11-14. Glossopteris schopfii. Anatomical features . .199 15-20. Glossopteris schopfii. Anatomical features . 201 21. Glossopteris schopfii. Distribution and orientation of stomata........................ 203 22. Glossopteris schopfii. Reconstruction of stoma showing organization of stomatal apparatus (Fig. 19)............................ 205 23. Glossopteris schopfii. Reconstruction of stoma showing single median papilla on subsidiary cells (Fig. 20).................... 205 24-27. Glossopteris schopfii. Morphology of twigs. .207 28. Glossopteris skaarensis. Composite of line diagrams to illustrate morphological variability.................................... 209 29-32. Glossopteris skaarensis. External morphology. .211 33-37. Glossopteris skaarensis. Anatomical features. .213 38-41. Glossopteris skaarensis. Anatomical features. .215 42-46. Glossopteris skaarensis. Anatomical features. .217 ix 47. Glossopteris skaarensis. Line diagram showing distribution and orientation of stomata........................................ 219 48. Glossopteris skaarensis. Reconstruction of stomata showing innner region. ............ 221 49. Glossopteris skaarensis. Reconstruction of stomata from outside. 7 ....................... 221 50. Glossopteris skaarensis. Reconstruction of stomata showing subsidary cells ............. 221 51-55. Glossopteris skaarensis. Stems................ 223 56. Glossopteris skaarensis. Series of transverse sections thorugh twig to demonstrate phyllotaxy ........... .... .225 57. Cluster diagram of Glossopteris leaves, including data from G. schopfii and G.\ skaarensis and Indian leaves................... 227 58. Dicroidium fremouwensis. Composite of line diagrams that illustrate morphological variability in the taxon....................... 229 59-64. Dicroidium fremouwensis.
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    Subject BOTANY Paper No V Paper Code BOT521 Topic Taxonomy and Diversity of Seed Plant: Gymnosperms & Angiosperms Dr. Sahanaj Jamil Associate Professor of Botany M.L.S.M. College, Darbhanga BOTANY PG SEMESTER – II, PAPER –V BOT521: Taxonomy and Diversity of seed plants UNIT- I BOTANY PG SEMESTER – II, PAPER –V BOT521: Taxonomy and Diversity of seed plants Classification of Gymnosperms. # Robert Brown (1827) for the first time recognized Gymnosperm as a group distinct from angiosperm due to the presence of naked ovules. BENTHAM and HOOKSER (1862-1883) consider them equivalent to dicotyledons and monocotyledons and placed between these two groups of angiosperm. They recognized three classes of gymnosperm, Cyacadaceae, coniferac and gnetaceae. Later ENGLER (1889) created a group Gnikgoales to accommodate the genus giankgo. Van Tieghem (1898) treated Gymnosperm as one of the two subdivision of spermatophyte. To accommodate the fossil members three more classes- Pteridospermae, Cordaitales, and Bennettitales where created. Coulter and chamberlain (1919), Engler and Prantl (1926), Rendle (1926) and other considered Gymnosperm as a division of spermatophyta, Phanerogamia or Embryoptyta and they further divided them into seven orders: - i) Cycadofilicales ii) Cycadales iii) Bennettitales iv) Ginkgoales v) Coniferales vi) Corditales vii) Gnetales On the basis of wood structure steward (1919) divided Gymnosperm into two classes: - i) Manoxylic ii) Pycnoxylic The various classification of Gymnosperm proposed by various workers are as follows: - i) Sahni (1920): - He recognized two sub-divison in gymnosperm: - a) Phylospermae b) Stachyospermae BOTANY PG SEMESTER – II, PAPER –V BOT521: Taxonomy and Diversity of seed plants ii) Classification proposed by chamber lain (1934): - He divided Gymnosperm into two divisions: - a) Cycadophyta b) Coniterophyta iii) Classification proposed by Tippo (1942):- He considered Gymnosperm as a class of the sub- phylum pteropsida and divided them into two sub classes:- a) Cycadophyta b) Coniferophyta iv) D.
  • The Carboniferous Evolution of Nova Scotia

    The Carboniferous Evolution of Nova Scotia

    Downloaded from http://sp.lyellcollection.org/ by guest on September 27, 2021 The Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia J. H. CALDER Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources, PO Box 698, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3J 2T9 Abstract: Nova Scotia during the Carboniferous lay at the heart of palaeoequatorial Euramerica in a broadly intermontane palaeoequatorial setting, the Maritimes-West-European province; to the west rose the orographic barrier imposed by the Appalachian Mountains, and to the south and east the Mauritanide-Hercynide belt. The geological affinity of Nova Scotia to Europe, reflected in elements of the Carboniferous flora and fauna, was mirrored in the evolution of geological thought even before the epochal visits of Sir Charles Lyell. The Maritimes Basin of eastern Canada, born of the Acadian-Caledonian orogeny that witnessed the suture of Iapetus in the Devonian, and shaped thereafter by the inexorable closing of Gondwana and Laurasia, comprises a near complete stratal sequence as great as 12 km thick which spans the Middle Devonian to the Lower Permian. Across the southern Maritimes Basin, in northern Nova Scotia, deep depocentres developed en echelon adjacent to a transform platelet boundary between terranes of Avalon and Gondwanan affinity. The subsequent history of the basins can be summarized as distension and rifting attended by bimodal volcanism waning through the Dinantian, with marked transpression in the Namurian and subsequent persistence of transcurrent movement linking Variscan deformation with Mauritainide-Appalachian convergence and Alleghenian thrusting. This Mid- Carboniferous event is pivotal in the Carboniferous evolution of Nova Scotia. Rapid subsidence adjacent to transcurrent faults in the early Westphalian was succeeded by thermal sag in the later Westphalian and ultimately by basin inversion and unroofing after the early Permian as equatorial Pangaea finally assembled and subsequently rifted again in the Triassic.