Fossil Mosses: What Do They Tell Us About Moss Evolution?
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1 Paleobotanical Proxies for Early Eocene Climates and Ecosystems in Northern North 2 America from Mid to High Latitudes 3 4 Christopher K
https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-2020-32 Preprint. Discussion started: 24 March 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Paleobotanical proxies for early Eocene climates and ecosystems in northern North 2 America from mid to high latitudes 3 4 Christopher K. West1, David R. Greenwood2, Tammo Reichgelt3, Alexander J. Lowe4, Janelle M. 5 Vachon2, and James F. Basinger1. 6 1 Dept. of Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, 7 Saskatchewan, S7N 5E2, Canada. 8 2 Dept. of Biology, Brandon University, 270-18th Street, Brandon, Manitoba R7A 6A9, Canada. 9 3 Department of Geosciences, University of Connecticut, Beach Hall, 354 Mansfield Rd #207, 10 Storrs, CT 06269, U.S.A. 11 4 Dept. of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, U.S.A. 12 13 Correspondence to: C.K West ([email protected]) 14 15 Abstract. Early Eocene climates were globally warm, with ice-free conditions at both poles. Early 16 Eocene polar landmasses supported extensive forest ecosystems of a primarily temperate biota, 17 but also with abundant thermophilic elements such as crocodilians, and mesothermic taxodioid 18 conifers and angiosperms. The globally warm early Eocene was punctuated by geologically brief 19 hyperthermals such as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), culminating in the 20 Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO), during which the range of thermophilic plants such as 21 palms extended into the Arctic. Climate models have struggled to reproduce early Eocene Arctic 22 warm winters and high precipitation, with models invoking a variety of mechanisms, from 23 atmospheric CO2 levels that are unsupported by proxy evidence, to the role of an enhanced 24 hydrological cycle to reproduce winters that experienced no direct solar energy input yet remained 25 wet and above freezing. -
Antibacterial Activity of the Alcoholic Extracts of Entodon Nepalensis Mizush
ISSN : 2349 – 1604 (Volume – 3, No. 1, January 2016) Research article Indexed in SIS (USA), ASI (Germany), I2OR & i-Scholar (India) and SJIF (Morocco) databases Impact Factor: 3.835 (SJIF) Antibacterial Activity of Anoectangium clarum Mitt. (Bryophyta: Pottiaceae) against some Pathogenic Bacteria Anshul Bishnoi, Vanshika Singh, Vinay Sharma and Afroz Alam* Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Tonk -304 022 (Rajasthan), India *Corresponding author: Dr. Afroz Alam Phone: +919785453594 Manuscript received : 19.10.15 Manuscript accepted: 22.11.15 Abstract In recent years bryophytes have emerged as potential plants for many bioactive phytochemicals with antimicrobial efficacies. In present study antibacterial activity of Anoectangium clarum Mitt. has been assessed using various extracts. For this assessment agar diffusion method is used against selected pathogenic fungus. Tetracycline is used as positive control. The ethanolic extract of moss exhibited a superior effect than the extract prepared in methanol. The utmost effect was observed against Escherichia coli followed by Salmonella typhimurium and Bacillus subtilis. This study projects Anoectangium clarum as an eco-friendly antibacterial agent. Keywords: Anoectangium clarum, antibacterial activity, extract, moss, well diffusion method. 650 SMU Medical Journal, Volume – 3, No. – 1, January, 2016 Introduction Plants are treasured source of natural products for upholding normal health of human beings. Conventional therapeutic systems of Ayurveda, Unani and Sidha are the prevalent verification of their use in therapy. In the last few decades, with more rigorous researches for therapies based on natural systems, plants are used extensively to cure different diseases especially dermal ailments [1]. The search for unexplored plants or plant group with substantial antimicrobial action has attained massive importance these days, due to a growing concern about the attainment of antibiotic- resistance by the pathogenic microorganism. -
Systematic Botany 29(1):29-41. 2004 Doi
Systematic Botany 29(1):29-41. 2004 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364404772973960 Phylogenetic Relationships of Haplolepideous Mosses (Dicranidae) Inferred from rps4 Gene Sequences Terry A. Heddersonad, Donald J. Murrayb, Cymon J. Coxc, and Tracey L. Nowella aBolus Herbarium, Department of Botany, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, Republic of South Africa bThe Birmingham Botanical Garden, Westbourne Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 3TR U. K. cDepartment of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708 dAuthor for Correspondence ( [email protected]) Abstract The haplolepideous mosses (Dicranidae) constitute a large group of ecologically and morphologically diverse species recognised primarily by having peristome teeth with a single row of cells on the dorsal surface. The reduction of sporophytes in numerous moss lineages renders circumscription of the Dicranidae problematic. Delimitation of genera and higher taxa within it has also been difficult. We analyse chloroplast-encoded rps4 gene sequences for 129 mosses, including representatives of nearly all the haplolepideous families and subfamilies, using parsimony, likelihood and Bayesian criteria. The data set includes 59 new sequences generated for this study. With the exception of Bryobartramia, which falls within the Encalyptaceae, the Dicranidae are resolved in all analyses as a monophyletic group including the extremely reduced Archidiales and Ephemeraceae. The monotypic Catoscopium, usually assigned to the Bryidae is consistently resolved as sister to Dicranidae, and this lineage has a high posterior probability under the Bayesian criterion. Within the Dicranidae, a core clade is resolved that comprises most of the species sampled, and all analyses identify a proto-haplolepideous grade of taxa previously placed in various haplolepideous families. -
Antarctic Bryophyte Research—Current State and Future Directions
Bry. Div. Evo. 043 (1): 221–233 ISSN 2381-9677 (print edition) DIVERSITY & https://www.mapress.com/j/bde BRYOPHYTEEVOLUTION Copyright © 2021 Magnolia Press Article ISSN 2381-9685 (online edition) https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.16 Antarctic bryophyte research—current state and future directions PAULO E.A.S. CÂMARA1, MicHELine CARVALHO-SILVA1 & MicHAEL STecH2,3 1Departamento de Botânica, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil UnB; �[email protected]; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3944-996X �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2389-3804 2Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands; 3Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands �[email protected]; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9804-0120 Abstract Botany is one of the oldest sciences done south of parallel 60 °S, although few professional botanists have dedicated themselves to investigating the Antarctic bryoflora. After the publications of liverwort and moss floras in 2000 and 2008, respectively, new species were described. Currently, the Antarctic bryoflora comprises 28 liverwort and 116 moss species. Furthermore, Antarctic bryology has entered a new phase characterized by the use of molecular tools, in particular DNA sequencing. Although the molecular studies of Antarctic bryophytes have focused exclusively on mosses, molecular data (fingerprinting data and/or DNA sequences) have already been published for 36 % of the Antarctic moss species. In this paper we review the current state of Antarctic bryological research, focusing on molecular studies and conservation, and discuss future questions of Antarctic bryology in the light of global challenges. Keywords: Antarctic flora, conservation, future challenges, molecular phylogenetics, phylogeography Introduction The Antarctic is the most pristine, but also most extreme region on Earth in terms of environmental conditions. -
Plant Life MagillS Encyclopedia of Science
MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE MAGILLS ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE PLANT LIFE Volume 4 Sustainable Forestry–Zygomycetes Indexes Editor Bryan D. Ness, Ph.D. Pacific Union College, Department of Biology Project Editor Christina J. Moose Salem Press, Inc. Pasadena, California Hackensack, New Jersey Editor in Chief: Dawn P. Dawson Managing Editor: Christina J. Moose Photograph Editor: Philip Bader Manuscript Editor: Elizabeth Ferry Slocum Production Editor: Joyce I. Buchea Assistant Editor: Andrea E. Miller Page Design and Graphics: James Hutson Research Supervisor: Jeffry Jensen Layout: William Zimmerman Acquisitions Editor: Mark Rehn Illustrator: Kimberly L. Dawson Kurnizki Copyright © 2003, by Salem Press, Inc. All rights in this book are reserved. No part of this work may be used or reproduced in any manner what- soever or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address the publisher, Salem Press, Inc., P.O. Box 50062, Pasadena, California 91115. Some of the updated and revised essays in this work originally appeared in Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science (1991), Magill’s Survey of Science: Life Science, Supplement (1998), Natural Resources (1998), Encyclopedia of Genetics (1999), Encyclopedia of Environmental Issues (2000), World Geography (2001), and Earth Science (2001). ∞ The paper used in these volumes conforms to the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, Z39.48-1992 (R1997). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Magill’s encyclopedia of science : plant life / edited by Bryan D. -
Flora of New Zealand Mosses
FLORA OF NEW ZEALAND MOSSES BRACHYTHECIACEAE A.J. FIFE Fascicle 46 – JUNE 2020 © Landcare Research New Zealand Limited 2020. Unless indicated otherwise for specific items, this copyright work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence Attribution if redistributing to the public without adaptation: "Source: Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" Attribution if making an adaptation or derivative work: "Sourced from Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research" See Image Information for copyright and licence details for images. CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION Fife, Allan J. (Allan James), 1951- Flora of New Zealand : mosses. Fascicle 46, Brachytheciaceae / Allan J. Fife. -- Lincoln, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2020. 1 online resource ISBN 978-0-947525-65-1 (pdf) ISBN 978-0-478-34747-0 (set) 1. Mosses -- New Zealand -- Identification. I. Title. II. Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. UDC 582.345.16(931) DC 588.20993 DOI: 10.7931/w15y-gz43 This work should be cited as: Fife, A.J. 2020: Brachytheciaceae. In: Smissen, R.; Wilton, A.D. Flora of New Zealand – Mosses. Fascicle 46. Manaaki Whenua Press, Lincoln. http://dx.doi.org/10.7931/w15y-gz43 Date submitted: 9 May 2019 ; Date accepted: 15 Aug 2019 Cover image: Eurhynchium asperipes, habit with capsule, moist. Drawn by Rebecca Wagstaff from A.J. Fife 6828, CHR 449024. Contents Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1 Typification...............................................................................................................................................1 -
An Overview of Family Pottiaceae (Bryopsida) in Central India with Special Reference to Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR)
Lindbergia 34: 30–39, 2011 ISSN 0105-0761 Accepted 11 January 2011 An overview of family Pottiaceae (Bryopsida) in central India with special reference to Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR) Virendra Nath, A. K. Asthana and Reesa Gupta V. Nath, A. K. Asthana ([email protected]) and R. Gupta, Bryology Laboratory, National Botanical Research Inst., 226 001 Lucknow, India. The family Pottiaceae is one of the dominant acrocarpous moss family of India, with approximately 26 genera and 130 species being encountered. The present work intends to take up distribution of the members of the family in the central Indian region with nearly 22 taxa being reported earlier. Achanakmar – Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve, Bhimbetka world heritage site, Gujarat, Mt. Abu and Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve (PBR) are some important hotspots of bryophyte vegetation in central India. Among these, PBR listed under UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme is an important site of bryophyte vegetation. Mosses of PBR however have not been studied until now. Here we assess the status of family Pottiaceae in central Indian zone along with providing an illustrated account of eight species encountered from PBR. Among these, Hyophila spathulata (Harv.) Jaeg. and Oxystegus teneuirostre (Hook. et Tayl.) A.J.E. Smith are new additions to central India, while Semibarbula ranuii Gangulee and Weissia edentula Mitt. are being reported from PBR for the first time. India is well known for its floristic diversity of various plant betka world heritage site (Nath and Bansal 2009), 11 taxa groups. Indian researchers have broadly divided India into from Mt. Abu (Chaudhary and Deora 2001) and eight eight bryo-geographical regions (Singh 1997). -
The Geology, Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation
The Geology, Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Cerro Fortaleza Formation, Patagonia (Argentina) A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Drexel University by Victoria Margaret Egerton in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy November 2011 © Copyright 2011 Victoria M. Egerton. All Rights Reserved. ii Dedications To my mother and father iii Acknowledgments The knowledge, guidance and commitment of a great number of people have led to my success while at Drexel University. I would first like to thank Drexel University and the College of Arts and Sciences for providing world-class facilities while I pursued my PhD. I would also like to thank the Department of Biology for its support and dedication. I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Kenneth Lacovara, for his guidance and patience. Additionally, I would like to thank him for including me in his pursuit of knowledge of Argentine dinosaurs and their environments. I am also indebted to my committee members, Dr. Gail Hearn, Dr. Jake Russell, Dr. Mike O‘Connor, Dr. Matthew Lamanna, Dr. Christopher Williams and Professor Hermann Pfefferkorn for their valuable comments and time. The support of Argentine scientists has been essential for allowing me to pursue my research. I am thankful that I had the opportunity to work with such kind and knowledgeable people. I would like to thank Dr. Fernando Novas (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales) for helping me obtain specimens that allowed this research to happen. I would also like to thank Dr. Viviana Barreda (Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales) for her allowing me use of her lab space while I was visiting Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. -
About the Book the Format Acknowledgments
About the Book For more than ten years I have been working on a book on bryophyte ecology and was joined by Heinjo During, who has been very helpful in critiquing multiple versions of the chapters. But as the book progressed, the field of bryophyte ecology progressed faster. No chapter ever seemed to stay finished, hence the decision to publish online. Furthermore, rather than being a textbook, it is evolving into an encyclopedia that would be at least three volumes. Having reached the age when I could retire whenever I wanted to, I no longer needed be so concerned with the publish or perish paradigm. In keeping with the sharing nature of bryologists, and the need to educate the non-bryologists about the nature and role of bryophytes in the ecosystem, it seemed my personal goals could best be accomplished by publishing online. This has several advantages for me. I can choose the format I want, I can include lots of color images, and I can post chapters or parts of chapters as I complete them and update later if I find it important. Throughout the book I have posed questions. I have even attempt to offer hypotheses for many of these. It is my hope that these questions and hypotheses will inspire students of all ages to attempt to answer these. Some are simple and could even be done by elementary school children. Others are suitable for undergraduate projects. And some will take lifelong work or a large team of researchers around the world. Have fun with them! The Format The decision to publish Bryophyte Ecology as an ebook occurred after I had a publisher, and I am sure I have not thought of all the complexities of publishing as I complete things, rather than in the order of the planned organization. -
Volume 1, Chapter 2-7: Bryophyta
Glime, J. M. 2017. Bryophyta – Bryopsida. Chapt. 2-7. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook 2-7-1 sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Last updated 10 January 2019 and available at <http://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/>. CHAPTER 2-7 BRYOPHYTA – BRYOPSIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS Bryopsida Definition........................................................................................................................................... 2-7-2 Chromosome Numbers........................................................................................................................................ 2-7-3 Spore Production and Protonemata ..................................................................................................................... 2-7-3 Gametophyte Buds.............................................................................................................................................. 2-7-4 Gametophores ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-7-4 Location of Sex Organs....................................................................................................................................... 2-7-6 Sperm Dispersal .................................................................................................................................................. 2-7-7 Release of Sperm from the Antheridium..................................................................................................... -
Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey
Species List for: LaBarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/15/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/16/2006 Nels Holmberg, George Yatskievych, and Rex Plant Survey Hill 5/22/2006 Nels Holmberg and WGNSS Botany Group Plant Survey 5/6/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg, John Atwood and Others LaBarque Creek Watershed - Bryophytes Bryophte List compiled by Nels Holmberg Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg and Many WGNSS and MONPS LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants visits from 2005 to 2016 Vascular Plant List compiled by Nels Holmberg Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis elliottiana awned bent grass Poaceae/Aveneae 3 5 * Agrostis gigantea redtop Poaceae/Aveneae 0 -3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 Allium canadense var. -
Flora Mediterranea 26
FLORA MEDITERRANEA 26 Published under the auspices of OPTIMA by the Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum Palermo – 2016 FLORA MEDITERRANEA Edited on behalf of the International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo by Francesco M. Raimondo, Werner Greuter & Gianniantonio Domina Editorial board G. Domina (Palermo), F. Garbari (Pisa), W. Greuter (Berlin), S. L. Jury (Reading), G. Kamari (Patras), P. Mazzola (Palermo), S. Pignatti (Roma), F. M. Raimondo (Palermo), C. Salmeri (Palermo), B. Valdés (Sevilla), G. Venturella (Palermo). Advisory Committee P. V. Arrigoni (Firenze) P. Küpfer (Neuchatel) H. M. Burdet (Genève) J. Mathez (Montpellier) A. Carapezza (Palermo) G. Moggi (Firenze) C. D. K. Cook (Zurich) E. Nardi (Firenze) R. Courtecuisse (Lille) P. L. Nimis (Trieste) V. Demoulin (Liège) D. Phitos (Patras) F. Ehrendorfer (Wien) L. Poldini (Trieste) M. Erben (Munchen) R. M. Ros Espín (Murcia) G. Giaccone (Catania) A. Strid (Copenhagen) V. H. Heywood (Reading) B. Zimmer (Berlin) Editorial Office Editorial assistance: A. M. Mannino Editorial secretariat: V. Spadaro & P. Campisi Layout & Tecnical editing: E. Di Gristina & F. La Sorte Design: V. Magro & L. C. Raimondo Redazione di "Flora Mediterranea" Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum, Università di Palermo Via Lincoln, 2 I-90133 Palermo, Italy [email protected] Printed by Luxograph s.r.l., Piazza Bartolomeo da Messina, 2/E - Palermo Registration at Tribunale di Palermo, no. 27 of 12 July 1991 ISSN: 1120-4052 printed, 2240-4538 online DOI: 10.7320/FlMedit26.001 Copyright © by International Foundation pro Herbario Mediterraneo, Palermo Contents V. Hugonnot & L. Chavoutier: A modern record of one of the rarest European mosses, Ptychomitrium incurvum (Ptychomitriaceae), in Eastern Pyrenees, France . 5 P. Chène, M.