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SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS BAYESIAN METHODS FOR ANCESTRAL STATE RECONSTRUCTION IN MORPHOSYNTAX

JOSHUA PHILLIPS AND CLAIRE BOWERN YALE UNIVERSITY

Introduction

Sources for the material used to define alignment types are given below, listed by Pama- Nyungan subgroup and . We are grateful to the authors of unpublished materials who allowed their use for this work, and to the former Aboriginal Studies Electronic Data Archive (aseda.aiatsis.gov.au) for electronic copies of some of the items here.1 The judge- ments of systems were made on the basis of answers to questions coded as part of the gram- matical data for the Chirila comparative Australian project (Bowern, 2016) and “Dynamics of Hunter-Gatherer Language Change”, funded by the National Science Foundation’s HSD pro- gram. Data from the latter project is freely available from https://huntergatherer.la.utexas.edu/. The coding here was subsequently revised in some places, and some were added. Non-Pama-Nyungan languages were not included in the current study. The form of the data is given below:

(1) Alignment of case marking in full NPs: nominative-accusative w/ marked accusative (2) Alignment of case marking in full NPs: nominative-accusative w/ marked nominative (3) Alignment of case marking in full NPs: ergative-absolutive (4) Alignment of case marking in full NPs: tripartite (5) Alignment of case marking in full NPs: active-inactive (6) Alignment of case marking of : marked accusative (7) Alignment of case marking of pronouns: marked nominative (8) Alignment of case marking of pronouns: ergative-absolutive (9) Alignment of case marking of pronouns: tripartite (10) Alignment of case marking of pronouns: active-inactive (11) Alignment of verbal person-marking: nominative-accusative (12) Alignment of verbal person-marking: ergative-absolutive

Date: July 12, 2018. 1ASEDA no longer exists as a separate project at the Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, but portions of the Archive have been folded into the AIATSIS library holdings and are available through mura.aiatsis.gov.au as part of AILEC. 1 2 PHILLIPS AND BOWERN

(13) Alignment of verbal person-marking: active-inactive (14) Alignment of verbal person-marking: hierarchical (15) Alignment of verbal person-marking: split

These yes/no questions about alignment were then converted to the State judgements (1–7) discussed in the paper.

Sources for language data, by subgroup

• Arandic – Alyawarr : Blackman and Moore (2004) – Antekerrepenhe : Breen (n.d.a) – Western Arrarnta : Roennfeldt (2005) • Bandjalangic – Bandjalang : Crowley (1978); Sharpe (1994, 1997, 2005) – Yugambeh : Sharpe (1994, 1997, 2005) – Githabul : Geytenbeek and Geytenbeek (1971) • Central NSW – Ngiyambaa : Donaldson (1980, 1997) – : Grant and Rudder (2001); Hosking and McNicol (1993) – : Ash et al. (2003); Giacon and Program (1999); Williams (1980) • Kalkatungic – : Breen (n.d.d); Breen and Blake (2007) – : Blake (1979, 1998) • Kanyara-Mantharta – Tharrgari : Austin (n.d.) – : Dench (1998) • Karnic – Arabana : Hercus (1994, n.d.); Schebeck (1999) – : Austin (1981, 1990); Reuther (1883?) – Pitta-Pitta : Blake and Breen (1971) – Wangkumara : Breen (n.d.c); McDonald and Wurm (1979); Robertson (n.d.) • Kartu – Nhanta : Blevins (2001) – : Marmion (2012); Yamaji language centre and Marmion (n.d.) • Kulin – Mathi-Mathi : Blake (1998); Hercus (1994, 1986b); Wafer and Lissarrague (2008) – Wathawurrung : Blake (1998); Blake and Reid (1994) – Wemba-Wemba : Hercus (1986b) SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS: PHILLIPS AND BOWERN 3

– Woiwurrung : Blake (1998, n.d.); Blake and Reid (1994) • Lower Murray – : Horgen (2004); Moorhouse (1844, 1846); Wafer and Lissarrague (2008) – : Horgen (2004); Taplin (1878) • Maric – Bidyara-Gungabula : Breen (1973) – Biri : Breen (2009); Terrill (1998) – Gunya : Breen (1981b) – Margany : Breen (1981b) – Warungu : Tsunoda (1972, 1981, 2012) – Yiningay : Breen (1990a) – Yirandali : Bennett (1927) – Dyirbal : Dixon (1972) – Wargamay : Dixon (1981) – GuuguBadhun : Sutton (1973) – Warungu : Tsunoda (2012) • Marrngu – : McKelson (n.d.); Sands (1989) – Nyangumarta : McKelson (n.d.); Nekes and Worms (1953); O’Grady (1964) • Mayi – Mayi Yapi : Breen (1981b) • Ngayarta – Kurrama : Dench (n.d.) – Panyjima : Dench (1994) – Yindjibarndi : Anderson et al. (n.d.); Wordick (1982) – Martuthunira : Dench (1994) • Ngumpin-Yapa – Bilinarra : Nordlinger and Jones (n.d.) – Jaru : Tsunoda (1981); Tsunoda and Kimberley Language Resource Centre (n.d.) – Walmajarri : Hudson (1978); Nekes and Worms (1953); Richards and Hudson (1990) – Warlpiri : Hale (1995); Nash (1986); Schwarz (1996) • Nyungar – Nyungar : Helms (1896) • 4 PHILLIPS AND BOWERN

– Paakantyi : Hercus (1982, 1986a) • Paman – Aghu-Tharrnggala : Jolly (1989) – Guugu Yimidhirr : Haviland (1972, 1979) – : Patz (2002) – Kuuk Thaayore : Gaby (2006) – Kunjen : Sommer (1982) – Uradhi : Crowley (1983) – Yidiny : Dixon (1977) • ThuraYura – : Teichelmann and Schuermann (1840) – Narrungga : Aboriginal Progress Association et al. (2006); Wanganeen and Eira (2006) – Wirangu : Hercus (1994) • Waki-Kabi – Batyala : Bell (2003) – Duungidjawu : Kite and Wurm (2004) – Gooreng-Gooreng : Helon (1994) • Warluwaric – Bularnu : Breen (n.d.b) – Wakaya : Breen (1981a) – Warluwarra : Breen (1990b) – Yanyuwa : Bradley (n.d.) • Wati – Kukatja : Valiquette (1993) – : Glass (2006); Glass and Hackett (2003) – : Goddard (1992); Goddard and Institute for Aboriginal Devel- opment (Alice Springs(1993) – Warnman : Burbidge and Fuller (n.d.) – Yulparija : McKelson and McCallum (1988–89) • Western Torres Strait – Ford and Ober (1991); Ray and Haddon (1893) • – Djapu : Morphy (1983) – Djinang : Waters et al. (1983); Waters and Waters (1980); Waters (1989) – Gupapuyngu : Lowe (1960) – : Heath (1980) SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS: PHILLIPS AND BOWERN 5

– Yan-nhangu : BaymarrwaNa et al. (2005); James (2003) • Yota-Yotic – Yorta Yorta : Bowe and Morey (1999) • -Kuri – : Lissarrague (2006); Threlkeld et al. (1892) – Darkinyung : Jones (2008); Steele (2005) – Dharawal : Eades (1976) – Katthang : Enright (1900); Holmer (1983); Lissarrague (2010); Mathews (1904); Steele (2005) – Thanggati : Holmer (1983) • Isolates – : Eades (1979); Muurrbay Aboriginal Language and Culture Co- operative (2001) – : Oates (1988) – Warumungu : Disbray and Warumungu speakers (2005); Simpson and Heath (1982); Simpson (2002) 6 PHILLIPS AND BOWERN References

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