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12 Boterdijk 12 Boterdijk At Boterdijk, near Roermondsplein, is an Airborne pillar, a memorial to the 1st and 3rd Parachute Battalions and their efforts in the after- noon of 18 and the morning of 19 September 1944 to join their com- rades at the bridge. The pillar marks the farthest point these British parachutists managed to reach. After the Rhine Bridge’s northern ramp was secured by British units in the evening and night of the 17th, other troops made further at- tempts to break through to the bridge over the following days in or- der to bolster the allied positions. On Monday 18 September two groups from the 3rd Parachute Battalion would get as far as Boter- dijk. Involved was a group led by Lieutenant John Dickson and a group led by Major Anthony Deane-Drummond. Next day they would be taken prisoner. On Tuesday 19 September companies of the 1st Parachute Battalion tried to get to the Rhine Bridge. ‘S’ Company ca- me to within 800 metres of the Rhine Bridge, but by then had too few men and too little fire-power to continue its advance. In this sto- ry the tale of these groups is depicted using war diaries and recollec- tions of British soldiers who were there. Dickson’s group Deane-Drummond’s group Units of the 1st Parachute Battalion in the attack 'S' Company R Company Making the balance Dickson’s group Map showing the situation around Boterdijk in 1944 (Copyright Cartographic Bureau MAP/Bert Stamkot) In the afternoon of 18 September the 3rd Parachute Battalion failed in its efforts to break through the German defence line al- ong Noordelijke Parallelweg and over Utrechtseweg. Resistance was apparently too strong and at the day’s end approxima- tely 150 officers and men still remained in the vicinity of St. Elisabeths Gasthuis. A small group from this company, led by Li- eutenant John Dickson, did actually get through the German line. Dickson succee- ded in reaching Boterdijk and then noticed that he was the only one from his group to have completed the attack. He came across two other men from his battalion who had arrived at the same point via a different route. No reinforcements turned up so they looked for shelter in the attic of a nearby house.[1] 1 Deane-Drummond’s group The Old Harbour seen from Nieuwe Kraan towards the Botermarkt on the far side. (Gelders Archive Col- lection, Blok 1501-04, negatief B_140_8) Another group from the 3rd Parachute Battalion which had joined up with the 1st Parachute Battalion earlier that day also came to within close proximity of Boterdijk. This group was being led by Major Anthony Deane-Drummond, the deputy commander of the 1st Airborne Division’s signals unit. He had been heading in the direction of Arnhem in order to pass on radio frequency alterations to the bat- talions which up till then had been impossible to contact. Deane-Drummond met up with the 1st Parachute Battalion and decided to stay with it. This battalion was also accompanied by the 3rd Parachute Battalion’s HQ. Major Tony Deane-Drummond established radio contact with Major Tony Hibbert of 1st Parachute Brigade headquarters at the road bridge in Arnhem – passed on the new radio frequency and decided to stay with the 1st Parachute Battalion a little longer. His decision was influenced by Lieutenant Colonel David T. Dobie’s telling him that in the afternoon they would be making a new attempt to reach the bridge via Klingelbeekseweg and Onder- langs. The commander of the 3rd Parachute Battalion’s HQ Company had been badly wounded. Deane- Drummond took over command and led part of the company forward: "About four hundred metres further along our side of the river, at the level of the ship bridge, the river bank was interrupted by the inlet to a small harbour in the centre of the city. There was a group of houses just before the inlet and I gave the order to occupy and defend them un- til the rest of the battalion appeared to our left. As we ran along the river bank we were under constant rifle fire, and at a certain point the Ger- mans began throwing hand-grenades at our group. These caused little damage and the Ger- mans quickly stopped when we returned the compliment with Mills bombs. We finally reached the row of houses but there were only about twenty men left from the entire company.[2] A short recce showed that we had left the rest of the battalion far behind us, and that our position would soon become untenable. A count of our ammunition revealed that we had just a few hundred bullets to share between us, so not much. It was about four o’ clock in the afternoon and I gave the order to take up de- fensive positions. We spread out over three houses giving a good overview of the area. The big problem was we were unable to inform battalion headquarters where we were or how successful our attack had been.” [3] The 1st Parachute Battalion had not succeeded in following Major Deane-Drummond’s group but des- pite this Lieutenant Colonel Dobie was determined to carry out another attack towards the bridge. However, his battalion had been reduced in number from 548 to roughly 200 officers and men. The arrival of the 2nd Battalion the South Staffords and his own ‘R’ Company, which had fought a re- arguard action at Amsterdamseweg, brought new hope. 2 The Old Harbour photographed by a German war pho- The same Old Harbour photographed after the liberati- tographer on 19 September 1944. (Bundesarchiv Col- on 1945; the boats are now gone (W.S. Jaquet, Gelders lection, Koblenz) Archive Collection, blok 1534, negatief 1-29A) Units of the 1st Parachute Battalion in the attack A new attack was planned for 1 am but this was postponed when incorrect news came in that the part of the 1st Parachute Brigade at the bridge had been taken prisoner. The attack eventually got under way at 04.00 hours, led by ‘S’ Company, along the lower road on the bank of the Rhine. 'S' Company Lieutenant Richard A.J. Bingley, the commander of 6 Platoon, recalled later: “Early the next morning (19 september) the remainder of the battalion with my company in the lead advanced along the road running parallel to the river, clearing snipers and machineguns on the way. After some 500 metres my excellent platoon sergeant who was walking next to me was shot dead by a sniper. I wanted to help but I was then hit in the ankle. At this point the colonel decided to go up to the middle road [Utrechtseweg], and continue the advance there. ‘T’ Company cleared up the area ahead too, and drove some SS out of a large, white, three-storey house, after which ‘S’ Company joined them. It was impossible to move al- ong the street so we had to go from one house to the next by blowing holes in the walls. This was done twenty times or so until we came to the last house in the row, where it was crawling with German tanks and artillery which were firing straight at our houses. After a while we were overpowered within sight of our objective, just a kilometre up ahead. Three days to cover twelve kilometres with virtually one hundred per cent losses! It was a bitter pill."[4] ‘S’ Company was close to Roermondsplein when it was overwhelmed. It had got to within about 800 metres of the road bridge but had insufficient men, ammunition and weaponry to breach the German defence. The official war diary of the 1st Parachute Battalion, written by Lieutenant Colonel Dobie, says this about the attack: “06.00 hours The SOUTH STAFFS appears to have withdrawn, the gunfire stopped some time ago. Our situation is hopeless because the enemy is on higher ground and in the houses above us (to the north thus). Anti-aircraft and machineguns are firing at us from across the river. Tanks are shooting from close range. R Company - 6 men left. S Company - 15 men left (about). T Company - 8 men left. (HQ Com- pany in jeeps should arrive after the SOUTH STAFFS). HQ Company - 10 men left (about). This was my last count. No more radio contact with other companies. Commander goes forward to find out where they are. Was fired on and wounded. Orders were given to capture the houses on the higher ground [Utrechtseweg] (. ) 3 06.30 hours - T Company was cut off and unable to fight its way out. Enemy throws grenades from the houses we want to occupy. We succeed in entering one house, but have only 16 men with me. Enemy now between us and S and T Companies. I sent the commander of R Company [Major “Tim” Timothy] out to see what the situation is. There is gunfire in the distance. S Com- pany seems to have got into a perilous position and has withdrawn to some trenches. Unable to send message through. Many civilians in the cellar with us. Nothing more can be done. Four men are wounded. 07.30 hours - SS enter house. Group [HQ Company] taken prisoner.”[5] R Company Private Bryan Willoughby was one of the remaining soldiers in ‘R’ Company. His unit and ‘T’ Company had carried out the last attack with fixed bayonets. ‘R’ Company began the attack with 40 officers and men; there were just six left at the end of it. Willoughby recalled the last attack: “Someone was being hit all the time, and while we continued advancing in battle order we lost even more.
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