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MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a lANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) zm
MACROSCOPIC MARKET SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF EXPORT POSSIBILITIES FOR PfTMCNQIKALS FROM TRINIDAD AND T
m umâM tilÉIHf GÈ. tu.
IMTVi InrHR UNIDO CONTRACT NO. 70/36 SERIAL NO. 2 5
MACROSCOPIC MARKET SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF EXPORT POSSIBILITIES FOR PfTROGHEMICALS FROM TRINIDAD AND T08AW
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I. Introduction 1 1. General Situation 1 2. The Contract between UNIDO and JGC 2 3. Objectives of the Project 3
II. Conclusion and Recommendation 4 1. Conclusion * 2. Recommendation ° III. General Conception of Petrochemical Complex in the World 14 1. Petrochemical Industries in the 1970's 14 2. Problemi; delating to Reduction in Product Price 15 3. Petrochemical Industries in Developing Countriee 20 IV. Selection of ietrochemicals to be Produced in Trinidad and Tobago 23 1. Methodology 2^ 2. Selection of Petrochemicals 23 3. Block Diagram of Petrochemicals 34 V. Resources for Petrochemicals in Trinidad and Tobago 46 1. Utilization of Natural Gas and Associated Condensate ae 46 Raw Materials for Petrochemicals (Case l) 2. Utilization of Condensate as a Haw Material for 50 Petrochemicals (Case 2) 3. UtiliEation of Naphtha as a Raw laterial for Petroefcemieali 51 (Case 3) 4. Utilisation of Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Cyerohexaiie and 54 n-Paraffine supplied by existing TEXACO Plant VI. Process Study for Complex Scheme Planning 58 1. Petrochemical Complex Scheme 58 2. Calculation of Net Manufacturing Cost and Selling Price 59 3. Capital Investments, Utilities and Laboure of Complex 60 4. Comparison of Case 1, 2, and 3 60 VII. Harket Survey and Export Possibility of Selected Petrochemicals 72 1. Market Survey 72 2. Customs Barriers and Other Regulations H3 3. Export Possibility of Selected Petrochemicals 116
- i - fill, fat Rat« of ft«turn on Invaatatnt and tha Maco—witd 124 Coapltx Senta« 1. FOB Prieta at Trinidad 124 2. Tat riatt of Return on Invitta*At 12$ J. Rtcoaaandtd Coaplax Soh«M 125
* ii » âlfrmittttM
UMÏ low density polyethylene HDPE high density polyethylene EO ethylen« oxidt CO ethylene glycol« i:DC ethylene dichloridt VCM vinyl chlorid« aonoaer PVC polyvinyl chlorid« FF polypropyl«n« PO propyl«»« glycol« 1?A i»opropyl alcohol SM etyrene butadiene rubber BR cia-polybutadiene rubber TD1 toluene di-iaocyanate MTT diaethyl terphthalate OOP dioctyl phthalat« TH*1 tetrahydrofuran C.I. Capital Inveetaent
Bollara la thi« r«port ii aeent US Aollara uni««« particularly fona in thi« report ia aoaat aetrie tona uni««« particularly
- iii - aLU£SaiuUl
1. toltimi Plaotieo Jan. 1970 2. Notera Plaotieo Jan. 1970 P.97 — 102 3. Inf o mat ion fron RITI of Jopan
4. BCM Choaioal h ri CM Tabla 5. Hooorn Platico Juno, 1970 P.23 6. Choaioal Econooio Handbook, by Stanford Rooooroa Inatituto. 7. Gnomoni ago Naro* 30» 19o8 p. 20 S. ECK Doc. 19/26, 1969 p.6 9. Infomotion fron I.D.C. of Trinidad and Tobago. 10. Inf omo t ion fron AAU ft Co., Ltd. ( Tonka r Coapany in Japon) 11. Choaioal Afo Ootobor 30, 1970
- ir - i. limatoli0»
1. General Situation
Th» petrochemical industry in Trinidad and Tobago vas born in 194b. Tht birth wan the outcom* of advances in refining technology and the first petrochemical was in fact a by-product of the refining operations. In 1959, natural gas U'gan to be used as a raw material for the petrochemical industry in Trinidad and Tobago. At present the petrochemical planta shown in the following table are in operation in Trinidad and Tobago. Petrochemical Plants in Trinidad and Tobago Production Companies liant» CjHÇtUft eB IWi TeMco Inc. Nonene 250 bbls/d 31.477 obla Dodeeene 100 " 54,067 " Di-iBobutylene 150 " 44,915 " Beni«ne ) 213,602 " Toluene ) 3,000 " 35b,622 • Xylenes ) 19,215 " Cyclohexane 720 " 156,475 " Normal Paraffinas 1,500 " 616,307 " Federation Chemical Ammoni» 1,500 tons/d 501,000 tona Ammonium Sulphate 270 " 76,878 " Urea 220 * 66,528 * Sulphuric Acid 190 " n.a. Naphthenic Acid 100 » 17,246 bbls Laver Brothers Synthetic Detergent 10 " n.a.
As Trinidad and Tobago has only about one million population and ha» no big industry which consumes petrochemicals, almost all the petro- chemicals produced in Trinidad and Tobago are exported. Recently, Amoco Trinidad, a subsidiary of Standard Oil of Indiana, discovered the oil and gas fields in the Offshore Point Radix area, 25 miles east of the island, and the Southeast Galeata area, 45 miles southeast. 12,000 - 20,000 bbls/day of condensate and 300 - 500 MMSCFD of gas are expected. Other developments are being dona by several other companies.
- 1 - More recently Trinidad-Tesoro Petroleum Co., Ltd. wee established, owned equally by the Government of Trinidad and Tobago and Tesore Petroleua Corporation of the United Statea. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago expect a the utilisation of naphtfra from Trinidad-Tesoro Petroleua Co., Ltd. an a raw material for petrochemicals. To sua up, the main characteristics of the petrochemical industry in Trinidad and Tobago are the abundance of basic and first generation petrochemicals, the absence of the petrochemicals of upgrading stages and a limited domestic market of a little more than one million resident inhabitants.
In order to increase the value added to the exporting products the Government of Trinidad and Tobago is viewing with conaiderable interest the further expansion and diversification of its petrochemical building blocks, natural gas and naphtha. This has been made even more urgent by the recent discovery of vast natural gas reserves and prospective naphtha from Trinidad-Tesoro. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago established liberal investment incentives for pioneer enterprises, including tax holiday privileges and accelerated depreciation allowances. Firms may establish plants in Trinidad and Tobago with foreign capital, or in participation with local industrialists or jointly with Government and private entrepreneurs. The Government of Trinidad and Tobago entrusted the Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago with a petrochtaical feasibility study.
2. The Contract between UNIDO and JGC
Baaed upon the request of the Government of Trinidad and Tobago, the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UMIDO) invited tenders for the execution of the assistance to petrochemical industrialisation for Trinidad and Tobago in April, 1970.
Conaaquently, Japan Gasoline Co., Ltd. (JGC) was accepted by UNIDO to earry on the assistance, thus the contract (UNIDO contract No. 70/36) between UNIDO and JGC was signad on August 21, 1970.
- 2 - 3. Objectives of th« Project
This study is meant to U i precursor to a major launching and marketing project, possibly coupltd with BOM feasibility studies provided it. can supply tTidsncs for th« existence of • potential «sport market for petrochemicals fro« Trinidad and Tobago. Its objective is to provide th« Government with a realistic •valuation of the export market for a nuabar of petrochemicals which can be produced competitively from locally available raw materials and/or basic intermediates. This will require reviewing and interpreting the findings of taa "Pre-feasibility Studies on mroohemicml Pianti for trinidad and Tobago" prepared by the Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago, and evaluation oí the •Sport possibilities for the products selected. Further areas of assistance to Trinidad and Tobago in th« petrochemical field will be recommended •• wall.
- 3 - II. Conclusion and Reco—endatioo
1. Conclusion
*) RAW Materiale We examined the mort profitable selection fro« the group of raw materials of natural gas, condensate accompanied therewith and naphtha.
These raw materiale were advised of their possibilities in availability in Trinidad and Tobago and of their prospective quantities, qualities and prices by IDC.
Presently a petrocheaical plant of Trinidad Texaco exists in Trinidad. The product streams are decided by Texaco'B world wide policy on their petrochemical production and sales, and at this moment benzene, toluene, xylene, cyclonexane and n- paraffine are being produced and exported. Theretore we examined what, petrochemical complexes would be prospected from the combinations of petrochemical raw materiali^ supplied by Texaco petrochemical plant with (l) natural gas and con- densate accompanied therewith (2) condensate only, and (3) naphtha by case study.
Namely we laid down the typical petrochemical complex scheme which would produce as many kind petrochemical products af possible in marketability in world market upon the consumption of the quantitiep of raw materialr available in Trinidad and Tobago, and calculated the production co¡-tB and selling prieur of petrochemical products, .'he result reveals that the complex bared on the third typt of raw materials, i.e., a combination of naphtha with the petrochemical* from the Texaco plant, can provide the more profitable productr than do the other two types of complex.
- 4 - fhit was obtained mainly by reflecting the scale merit, in other word8 it means that the petrochemicals derived from the complex of third type are safely competitive in the world market from the view point of cost and price, but it presuppose the availabity of tales network in world market, which will make possible of the inar.s aalee to maintain the high rtream factor of the complex, and the huge investment for materialization of this big complex. b) Exportabilitira i;uamariïed below are the possibilities of exporting the petro- chemicals produced in Trinidad and Tobago to several regione of the world.
(i) ftorth , Africa Of tho IB ¡,elected petrochemicals, 13 commodities have competitiveness in the export makrete, whereao the other b coaynoditiun have not.
Competitive petrochemicals are: LUPE, HDit, PVC, polystyrene, acrylonitrile, acrylic fiber, iJiJ, LBR, raaleic anhydride, capro lac tarn, polyaminde fiber, TDI, and polyester fiber.
Incompetitive petrochemicals are: VCM, styrene, PO, alky1benzene, and DMT.
(ii) Ut in America Although different in their developmental stages, the petrochemical industry in Latin American countries is generally a lately developing industry. MoBt of the governments thus have been imposing high-rate customs duties on imported petrochemicals or following the
- 5 - import prohibition policy in order to protect and develop their own petrochemical industrie». For the Trinidad and Tobago products, therefore, Latin America «ill be no more than a spot market, and will never be a market to which continuous exports are expectable.
(iii) tf. Europe Of the Iti selected petrochemicals, 16 commodities «re competitive, with a exception of PO and SBK.
(iv) Southeast Aaia Except for a few products, most of the petrochemicals are uncompetitive.
Table II-l (page 12 ) giver, the delivered prices of the petro- chemicals forwarded from Trinidad and Tobago to each trade area and the domestic prices of the corresponding products in each area.
c) Hates of Keturn on Investments Table VIII-1 (pa^e 120) given the rates of return on investment with all petrochemicals in Case 3. Considering these data, the most recommrndable petrochemical complex under the given con- ditions is shown in Fig. II-l (pa*e 13). The overall rate of return on investment with this most recooaendable petrochemical complex is 19.9^.
2. Recommendation
l) Further Investiation
In order to materialize the petrochemical industrialisation program in Trinidad and Tobago, further investigation should be required forcuBsing on the following points:
- 6 - m) Launching and Marketing Studies Situations in petrochemical« are vary by countries in terns of demand and supply balance, prices, tariffs, and import policies. It is necessary, therefore, to check by country on the exporta- bilities of petrochemicals while taking above factors into consideration.
it is thus recommended that the marketing studies should be carried out in more de tai 1B for USA, EEC and EJf'TA countries including UK and Spain, where this report has found emporta- bilitiee. b) Chronological consideration In thie study all plante constituting the complex were assumed to start up their operations simultaneously in 1975* But practically the simultaneous start-up of all plants would be impossible, »or«over the set-up of IOO96 stream factor from the first year could not be achieved.
Therefore it is recommended that in addition to by-country studies, the more detailed chronological market studies should be carried out so that the more detailed chronological plan of construction of complex could be formed. In other words the possibility of start-up of the complex of smaller scale than 300,000 t/y ethylene capacity, which will be followed by the gradual capacity increase, should be ohecked.
e) Tie-up with International Petrochemical Coapanies As a large-scale (international scale) petrochemical complex is assumed in this report (since the Trinidad and Tobago petrochemical ir dustry has substantially no market in her country so that the T & T petrooheaical producers must export almost all products and undergo severe competition in world
- 7 - market) the T & T petrochemical industry needs a huge aaount
of investments n.t only for mass production but also for DABS sales. Accordingly it ie strongly recommended to getties with such international petrochemical co«panie8 Incentive policies have been found rucciSEful in ¡ oioe countries like i-^terto Kico and etc. Government of these countries have been adopting the elaborated policier, such ae tax exemption, of which duration it made variable; by region, depending on priority in regional development and pp»;cial terms favorable to those industrie5; and/or products which are contributable to the national economy. Of the ¡»etrochomicale selected in thie study, nylon 0, for example, will required approximately 1,400 workers, and will contribute to the national economy through increased employment. i,orae racial measures favorable to thie product can be considered as an effective meanr for the national economy. therefore, as an important factor influencing the materialisation of plan, some incentive policies should desirably be investigated in a later etagj when the project will have taken a more definite shape, ¿iueh investigation will, of courue, have to be made front a f tend point of national economy. e) Haw Materials In thic report, the study was performed bared upon the available data at present of quantities, qualities and price with raw materials. - 8 - In Trinidad und Tobago, the development of natural gas (con- dénsate accompanied therewith) is being proceeded by AMOCO Co. and the expansion of refinery niant of Trinidad Tesoro Co., which will bi> ablt. to afford a large quantity of naphtha, is under blueprint. Although AMOCO and Tesoro advictd us the informations as accurately at- possible, at present stage the »f.;.:ured data with r&.M materiale are not available. It is strongly reco»m f) Utilitation of Natural Cae It has been found that natural gar, is »ore disadvantageous &fc the starting material than najhtha in producing petro- chemicals in Trinidad and Tobago. As a result, the natural ¿ras, new under development there, should have other channels of utilization than as the raw material for petrochemicals. It is thue recommended that further investigations should be carried out on the possibilities of: (i) Development of electrochemical industry using natural gas as the fuel; for example, aluminum smelting, and production of chlorine and caustic soda by means of electrolytic processes. (il) fcistablishaent of liquefied natural gas plant (!,KS). 2} Gradual Im lamentation in Attainment of th« Recommended retro- o nemicai Complex Although the large ooaplex should be recommended from the vis« point of competitiveness in world market, in the light of the realities of the situation in the petroleum industries in Trinidad and Tobago the recommended petrochemical complex should be imple- mented in stages. - 9 - Therefore the start of petrochemical industry is recommended concentrated on the raw materials of aromatics, cyclohcxane and n-paraffin which are presently produced and exported in Trinidad 4 Tobago, and the following three pioducts are selfcted as the first group from the view point of prospective availability of principal and subsidiary raw materials. (1) Nylon-fa (2) Linear alkylbensene (3) Maleic anhydride Regarding the olefinic derivatives it is considered to start from building a complex of smaller sise than the recommended objective complex in which a smaller cracker tiists as a core plant. In this chtie the kind of end products oust be lesser because the capacity of production of a product should be of international scale for competitiveness on price in world market, and it will be necessary to confirm the security of whcle complex upon the more careful and more circumstantial examination in the marketabilities of these end products. As to the feed to this cracker, condannate ia selected beeauae con- densate has an advantage over naphtha in price and the prospective available quantity of condensate is large enough to this smaller sised cracker on the present data. the following products are selected as the second group mainly from the view point of rata of raturn on investment. With butadiene derivative, SBK is bustituted by BR (eis polybutmdiene rubbar) since no styrene ia planned to be produced. (1) HOPE (2) m (>) Acrylonitrile or ft (4) BR - 10 - There it a possibility of combination of th« first sud tb« second group as the third group. The preliminary calculations on thast groups for economic aasass- asnt art shown in Annex T. - 11 - o •ri fc: £> r- CO ^0 rH O t- er> r-> o vO O IO co V 0) CD •<*• H 00 8 rH 8 CM fi 0> a u CM « r-l CM H CM CM » H IO « to CM vu ¡o R CM > -H IO Hf vi CM H CM IO CM *• IO (A CM CM **• M9 3 i O rH (C •H H fi •H (0 5 U •rt O 4* •H « O IO io H IO CM Q m «H 8 ON IO IO CM io «H H IO IO IO CM lA ? IO u> § £ g : S3 tí Price S one st fi H rH H o 'S 9 i •ri K ID IO rH O IO ro O O g « 4) ü oo ON IO H H CM a> P8M •ri O •1-4 4-1 ,!• CM O 09 CM r-t Q0 IO « IO « 0 4> ON 00 r-l IO O & CM •O 3 IO g IO io •* tí Í a 0 cy> S a •' N H O 5. f* «M p v « ta o -d •3 o ri O IO r- O O 0) o o 0) s SO CM CD & CM £ « IO CM Ä î5 £ > -.1 CM io c-4 CM H IO io CM IT« K^ CM CM t in <<• ^• +> * 1 o o rH H rH •ri 3 8 O rl 4-> 41 IO *• O H O f» W 5 ITt «-i CM * 2 I t- IO 5 i CM IO IO t- IO i tí IO fi H fi l* « •d H 00 H ITl (o '•0 CD O * If» * CM CM 1.5 CM 8 fi H ft CM CM CM CM g § rH S CM IO fi •H t, rH H fi f~4 ri» ¿ fi IO NO CM io 5t u 8 K H* S H CM 8 S 1 ^ s o CM <* IO IO O» IO {5 3C f* 3 CM 8 rH rH 2 (M rH «H IO e 287. Price Selline rH rH 1.022. r) u n IH M % 1 í • u i Ití J V I 1 8 ••H M m S fi 5 1 K 5 S fej rH ! A« 3 IS 3 S S S S 3 ! »4 ça 11 1 - lí lu-jOO l/|i Nett* I D P t i44 55 f.'l UiMioQl Production Amount , \/t\ •4 . i 1 • > Ntt Manufacturing Cot! l/ll . «re i.i ' J J.JC '.',,; H D PE IÎI01 l/t' ¡IUI lígOO'j I-, i >'.'• ? IMI I1DO.UK V, V C M f !'íi.000''»I ETHYLENE —. P V c ; H.ÎOOOpO'/ii 1" - " " '• «•> %4ty I 4/.IQQ 1/,) IIJ6.000 l,-|, vV56 l"/|' NAPHTHA ii'i.nioi ¡'l'< l/ll [NAPHTHA J STYRENE • CRACKING .¡io.ooo»/|i 1 «'ViOO /,. I Sf;,ni)Ol-,l POLYSTYRENE IC? 99 l/l' Ht PO i- P G 1194 5 l/l i m ¿•j.»>00'/, ixi m - PO H I44.Í00•4.Í00 '/«]''fi L «0 GASO.IC [•-• FRiaiON —»JACRYLONITRILE ! HYDROGEN lilis l/l L PRODUCTKJN O ^H PROPYLENE - /*9 l l/ti íiOaOOO'-fl """«Sîfî/Siil . -^.--:,, «400»/t well P P ) iP4Í2T/t 'ACTION; ,2*7 í t/it I SJ.00O l/|l I 65,000'/, „ B R J ¡BUTADIENE •— 2l4f2JF» (SO.OOri'/jl 12640 Ut 8i I/i' M.OGQI,,! •••fWflC ANHVMMX ! BENZENE r- -ma*** »WOOOV,I 5744»' 35 421/1 —-[§EN2ENE f 'M.OOo'/.t IH?" 2 l/ll '"" 111 l/t pw.oooj/yi I SQ.OÜO V,l TOI' / , TOLUENI TOLUENE) 1 Tiì0 4oot/„ J ' t I52.900 VF1 _l»i.400'/»i i IWC .. " 0!*WD '"i o« ti W'.f IPIION —"«4 D M T «VIVONS I4**00', (J9.*00'/ l «t XYLENES f l5!.»0Ol/ i iJ«tt ( r MNMOl MO NO. —^XYLENE j HP-XYLENE •jTtWEPMTMiLC ACIO]- ""' '" VKfK, 4i;lvt I i?7qpl/|i >£. JAPAM OAtOLWtC CO.. LTD. MlOOO'/i! (NINON «'H*nu»ü lAltnHIKi tAiSHA, CYCLO H CAPHOLACTAM -•i NYL0N-6-F 1 FIG B-l "*» 1*4•44} i/t HEXANE 7? ? 1/ti THE MOST j«S,000l/,i RECOMMENOABLE LINEAR ÂLKYL * COMPLEX Mil - . • . KM fi-flMtAFFlN _BtWZCNfc '•*?'»' 'ÎIS5I/I l»r, CM O *«!> •otrt/i uii; I/u J u DWG NO. 1. Petrochemical Industries in the 1970's The petrochemical industries which achieved marvellous growth in the USA, Europe and Japan in the I960's are expected to continue their rapid growth in the 1970's. During the past ten years the petrochemical industries in the USA and Europe have developed at an annual rate of 11-12-/ and this tendency is expected to continue in the coming decade. The Japanese petrochemical industry is expected to show a nearly 2Q¡¿ growth for the coming several years and a more-than-10# growth for a decade thereafter. The following tables show a forecast of growth of petrochemicals presented at the joint symposium of the American Chemical Society and the Chemical Institute of Canada held in Toronto, Canada in May 1970. The figures indicated are generally considered to be of con- servative value. HhYlm output in the tforid (Unit; «niton ¡ft) 1970 1975 lago. USA 7.5 12.0 18.0 irf. fciurope 6.0 12.0 19.0 Japan 2.4 4.4 7.0 Other tetero Countries 0.7 2.1 5.0 - 6.0 Anticipated Development of Petrochemical Industries (Growth of Kthylene) 1970 - 1980 Other Western J£A tf .Eurone Japan Total New Demand (millions t/y) 9.00 7.65 4.50 6.75 29.90 Equivalent Capacity ( " ) 9.90 8.55 4.95 7.65 31.05 Existing Capacity to 5.40 2.70 1.35 1.60 11.25 be «crapped ( » ) Total Newly 15.30 11.25 6.50 9.75 42.30 Required Capacity ( * ) Approx. No. of Plants 28 25 16 30 99 Approx. Total Investment 12.00 11.00 6.00 10.00 42.00 for New Installation (millions t) - 14 - The Advisory Committee for Energy of the Ministry of International Trtdt and Industry, Japan, reported in July 1970 that the total ethylene production in Japan will be 6.6 millions t/y in 1975 and 17-19 millions t/y in 19^5. In industrialised countries, the petrochemical industry is becoming one of the key industries essential to the development of the natural economy, in parallel with the growth of the nation. Many developing countries are proceeding with establishment of petro- chemical industries as a means of gaining their economic indépendance. The petrochemical industries to be set up in the developing countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America will be highlights of the international industrial growth in the 1970's. On the other hand, however, the world-wide development of petrochemical industries has raised the cost of raw materials because of increasing demands, and the increase in labor cost and investment cost due to world-wide inflation is causing rises in operating cost. And yet, owing to intensifying competition in sales and prices of petrochemicals in world markets, it is impossible to raise the prices of petrochemicals to the extent of fully absorbing the increases in manufacturing cost, thus portending the world-wide trend to the so-called "profitless prosperity." 2. Problems Relating to Reduction in Product Price Petrochemical producers in the world are making «vary effort to raduce their manufacturing cost so as to avoid any deoramaa in profit«. Main steps being taken are: a) Increase in plant sise b) Higher stream factor o) Overall utilisation of each fraction d) Purchase of low-price raw materials a) Development of new technique« — 15 — a) Increase in Plant ¿ize Due to the fact that the petrochemical industry is a typical procese industry which requires huge capital investment and high fixed coats, the eise of petrochemical plants has been increased year after year aince the latter half of the I960's for "scale merit." to reduce manufacturing coste to cope with the increasing de-'oand for petrochemical!. Fig II1-1 ühowu the economie efficiency of the increase in Biase of the ethylene plant, the core plant of the petrochemical complex. Phifc figure compares ethylene manufacturing cost by nise of plant. As the capacity is increased from 100,000 tons to 300,000 tonB and fro« 300,000 tons to 500,000 tons, the ethylene manufacturing cost at <)0/o of stream factor will be reduced by 0.9 ¿/kg and 0.45^/kt-; respectively. In the early 1%0's, the size of an ethylene plant was 100,000 t/y to 200,000 t/y. At present the standard capacity ir 300,000 t/y to 500,000 t/y. During the period of 1970 to 1972, ethylene plants having a capacity of 500,000 t/y are scheduled to start up in auccession in the USA, W. Germany, Italy and Puerto Rico. A 750,000 tons ethylene plant is being planned for 1974 completion by Iteinische Olefin Werk (ROW) in rf. Germany. With the installation of such large-size ethylene plants, the larger-size other petrochemical production facilities are being planned and built. The capacities of the largest plants by product now in operation or being planned are as follows: Aaaonia 340,000 - 500,000 tons/y Methanol 340,000 - 600,000 tons/y Styrene monomer 250,000 - 450,000 tons/y rVC 200,000 - 300,000 tons/y Ethylene oxide/Ethyl«!* glycol 100,000 - 150,000 tons/y âroaaticB 500,000 - 600,000 tons/y O-xylene 100,000 tons/y P-xylene 80,000 tons/y Phthalic Anhydride 70,000 tons/y Telephthalic Acid 180,000 tons/y DOT 100,000 tons/y - 16 - b) Higher Stream Factor The capacities of petrochemical plant« are becoming larger and larger to reduce the operating and manufacturing costs. To achieve thin, a very high stream factor is required. The Pig. III-l shows also the relationship of the capacity and stream factor over ethylene cost. Ethylene manufacturing cost is reduced from 4.? ¿/kg to 3.4 ¿/kg when the capacity is increased from 100,000 t/y to .500,000 t/y. However, if the stream factor ie decreased from 90# to 70#, the ethylene cost would be 4.2 ¿/kg and the scale merit is lost. It is very important to keep a close relation with market for maintaining the higher stream factor and im view of this, marketing aurvey before the decision of the size of the plant would be an important factor. However, the petrochemical industries different from the electronic or automobile industry and provides baBJc materials. The electronic and automobile industries are industries of the "convergent" type for assembling different kinds of parts supplied by their relatad industrie«, while the petrochemical industry ia the "divergent" type industry providing primary products from which petrochemical deriva- tives are produced and processed to final products for marketing, that is, it is indirectly connected with the final demand through several intermediate courses. The manufacturing scheme becomes complicated as the processing course proceeds from basic producta to intermediate products, and the market survey itself becomes more difficult. Petrochemical Industry Synthetic Fooda rubber - 17 - OB« of the problema in the petrochemical industry is, therefor«, that th« product oost can be reduced by satisfying the two contradictory conditions of "plant sise increase" and "higher stream factor". c) Overall Utilisation of Each Fraction As a third meant' for reducing the manufacturing cost in the industrialized countries, there is the overall utilisation of each fraction from cracker. In Japan and W. Kur ope where naphtha is used as raw material for petrochemicals, the output of each fraction from naphtha cracker is inevitably increased with the increase in ethylene capacity, and overall utilization of such fraction is the key to larger plants. Namely, the manufacturing cost varies depending on whether to increase the added value by effectively utilizing fractions otter than ethylene as chemical raw materials or to use them only as fuel. In Japan, utilization of ethylene for petrochemical (ethylene consumption for petrochemical products over the total ethylene production) has been more than 90$ from the initial stage of development of the petrochemical industry. The utilisation of propylene and B-Ö fractions wa« 22% and 76.3% respectively in I960. At present, these numbers have been raised to about 90% and particularly the propylene market is even expected to become tight. Today, the utilization of each fraction is forcussed on C5 fractions or Cg + fractions. In several years the utilisation of these fractions is expected to exceed 90%. d) Purohase of Low-Price Raw Materials The manufacturing cost is sensitively influenced by the raw material cost. Fig. III-2 shows how ethylene cost is affected by th« raw material oost. Raw material at low cost is desired, but the - 10 - World-wide petrochemical boon has causad tha increase of raw Material cost. In the USA, LPG is now becoming short in supply with the increase of demand for petrochemicals though it was in surplus in the past. If lead is removed from gasoline, some anticipate that with the increase of demand for propylene, butylène and aromatics, the allocation system of petroleum import will be revised in the USA in the future and the main portion of the raw materials for petrochemicals would be changed to naphtna or gas oil. If this in the case, the naphtha shortage would become serious with the rising naphtha price. In Japan, negotiations on raising of petrochemical naphtha price are being conducted between petroleum refiners as naphtha suppliers and petrochemical companies as purchasers. The raising of the price was 28 ¿/Kl last year; however, the increase to 83 ¿/Kl has been recently proposed by the refiners again. In the future, gas oil or kerosene or crude will be more used than naphtha. In any way, the prices of petrochemical raw materials will be more and more increased and never be decreased under the present situation. e) Development of New Techniques As in the past, the rapid development of techniques is one of the characteristics of the petrochemical industry such as conversion of raw materials, direct methods, simplicity of processing sche-e, etc. Therefore, there is always anxiety that the present technique will soon become obsolete by the development of new techniques. The earliest return of investment by gaining more profit with the reduction of cost is most important. It is also important to develop or improve techniques by the manufacturer itself; however too much weight should not be given to the possibility of development of techniques by manufacturers as a tool for cost reduction. As discussed above, there are so many problems involved for reduction of cost in the petrochemical industries in the world, and management of the petrochemical industries even in the industrialised countries vili not be easy in the future. - 19 - 3. Uttrochemical Industries in Developing Countries Many developing countries plan the installation of pe troche»!cal facilities for thp 1970*r. and storne of thorn will be realiaed. However, the following problem? will be anticipated in the industrialization of petrochemical industrien in developing countries. (1) Domestic market is small. (2) There is no f ira assurance of possibility of «sporting most of the petrochemical products, though so planned. (3) ¥unàn are not available. (4) As raw materials are lieited in quantity, it io difficult to commercialize the petrochemical industry in as large a scale as they can have international competitiveness. The situation varies by each country and difficulty is anticipated for realization of the projects in most casen as mentioned above. In the ca»e where there ia sufficient internal demand for petro- chemical products such as synthetic resin, synthetic fiber and th« presently imported petrochemicals can be switched to internal products, the projects may be, with less difficulty, realized although the relation between the marketing situation and minimum economic sime of plant, and availability of raw material should be considered. In •any carer, in fact, the projects of this kind have been successful. On the other hand, difficulties will be encountered in the case where the local market is very limited and all the products are to be exported. It would be right that the products sell if produced at lower cost with raw material;! at lower prices but the petrochemical industries are flooded with the projects with raw materials at lower cost and sever«.- com oc tit ion will be encountered in the world market where industrialized countries are fighting furiously. _ .' ) - The «ucease of the petrochemical industries in Puerto dico in drawing the world's attention; however, Hitrto Hico is a territory of the UUA und protected by the tariff barriers and «11 the products can be freely marketed in the UTA with no ft de ral tax. The tax system is left to the judgement of the Government of iiierto Kico by which petrochemical sanufmcturer: are completely tax free for 10-17 years in order to proaote tho d-velopm^nt of petrochemical industrien. In addition, the Government of Puerto itico i» supporting the industrie* in financing, purchase of land, etc. The ao&t attractive point by petrochemical manufacturers in the UFA i« that the raw material is available in i-uerto Kico at about 40-5O9C of the price available in the Uí;A. In Puerto iiico naphtha can be imported from Venesuela or Trinidad and Voba^o free of tax without any import allocation. i.uccesE lies not only in the availability of the raw material at low coat, but. in food marketing situation. Therefore, in order to set up a petrochemical industry in a developing country, it in «snential to ¿ive careful consideration to long-term industrialisation policies on euch factor* as availability of low-cost raw materials, «ecurintf of product markets, incentive poiici**, availability of financing, and market development and joint development of natural resource e through regional cooperation. - ¿I - SR? g S 8 T 8 V| ¿S03 OMöniDV.-TNV« 3N3TAM13 g T R S 8 ? 8 Vf iSOO SWëfUDVinNVW 3N31AH13 IV- Saltation of Petrochemicals to be Produced in Trinidad and Toh«,a 1. Methodology In the selection of petrochenicalB to be produced in Trinidad and Tobago, "Full Range Possible Coaplex" * was checked in accordance with the following s tepe. * Full Hange Possible Compie* it shown in Fig. IV-1 of "the Prefeasibility ¿¿tudies on Petrochemical Plante for Trinidad and Tobago" prepared by E.onoaic Studies and Planning Division, Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago in September, 196CJ. i) The obsolete or coaaercially unproved processes are to be excluded, ii) The »aterials which are chemically toxic or easily explosiv» and not suitable for long distance transportation are to be excluded. iti) Based on the estiated world-wide demand and supply balance in the future the petrocheaicals which are anticipated not to considerably expand in deaand or which are asaua d to beccate dull in the demand/supply balance are to be excluded. 2. Selection of Petrocheaicals I) Procer?sec considered to be obsolete or coaaercially unproved •) Kthylalcohol » A etaldehyde (Obsolete) Acetaldehyde production processes presently ured are as follows: i) Oxidation (hydrogénation) of ethylalcohol ii) Hydration of acetylene lii) Direct oxidation of ethylene) iv) Oxidation of butane-propane - 23 - The procede of oxidation of ethylalcohol has been used for acetaldehyde production in USA and the procese of hydration of acetylene was used in Japan. However, with the development of an ethylene direct oxidation orocepp by Consortium für Klf-ctrochemische Industrie of Germany in 19V) and with the commercialization by backer and lloechrt, this new process of ethylene direct oxidation is adopted for all the acetaldehyde production by taking advantage of its low production cost. Frico Acetaldehyde Produced U/lb) (¿/lb) Acetylene h 3.7 Ethanol b 0.9 ethylene Z>.b ¿>.4 i*he oxidation of butane-pro nane its the procesa executed only by Celanese Co. of USA. The Reparation section of this procese is very complicated because various oxider such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters «re produced as by-produciti. ïhe direct oxidation of ethylene is «aployad for production of acetaldehyde. b) I PA --*• Acetone (Obsolete) 'i'he following« are the acetone production processes. i) IPA Process (Propylene - * I PA *» Ac« tone i it) Hoechat-tfacker Procees (Propylene - "direr oxidation" ••» Aceton«) iii) Jumene Procees (Propylene Acetone) »Cunen« ( Benzene Phenol ) In USA, IZp of the total acetone produced in 19t>5 «as by IPA process. This is du« mainly to the fact that IPA sroecae has its long history in thie field and that «oat of the facilities in USA vere already paid out. In the - 24 - petrocheaical industry in Japan which started in I960'a, 42% of acetone production is by Cuaene process, 42% by Hoechst Wacker, 13% by m process and 3% by others. The cost calculations in ECB July 26, 1963 and ECU July 19, 1963 issues indicate the advantage of Hoechst Wacker process over IPA process as follows: Acetone Produced l/ton IPA process 83 Hoechst Wacker process 81 In the Cuaene process, acetone and phenol are aiaultaneouely produced and the economic evaluation of acetone and phenol ia an iaportant factor. Phenol is expected to he produced •t about |156/ton and acetone at about 177/ton. Accordingly the sain process of acetone production ia the future will be the Cuaene process,. In this report, the following prooess ia consider* for acetone production. Propylene -* Aoetone -*ClMMM Benceno 0- -* Phenol c) Iaobutylène Foraaldehyde -•Isoprene — Polyieoprene (Coaaereially unproven) Tne following table shows polyieoprene aanufacturers ia the world in 1969. Capacity Hanufactur.r. Plant Loaat^ Catalwat Qoodyear Orante, Te «as, USA 60 Ziefler Ooodrioh-Oulf Orange, feaas, USA 47 ¿iegler Shell «arietta, Ohio, USA 36« Li ÖBtii Pernie, Netherlands 45 U OSSI 40 Ziefler • includine 9,000 tons (dry base) of polyi so pre ne latei - 2b - The production of polyisoprene rubber in 1970 is estimated low in quantity compared with 2.9 million tons of SBR and 601,(XX) tons- of Bh and ie only about 6$> of the total synthetic rubber production. This lower percental may be due to unavailability of isoprene monomer at low price. Ifor'renc Monomt-r Production rrocesret: J'rocenp Heroarks i) Reparation from naphtha Iroprene content of cracked gasoline cracked gasoline is an (extract distillation) low is 3- 6?'. Therefore, the raw material should be available in quit* large quantity (efs Butadiene content of B-B fraction is 40 - 5Q&) ii) i'ropy lane dimori ist ion - By Good-Year Co. ther »al cracking (OY-SD Process) iii) îeoaraylene dehydro^nation By f;hell, Qoodri< !»Gulf, Enjav Co, iv) Inobutylene formaldehydt By USSR (IFP Procasi) w) Acetone - acetylene SHAM Process vi) Iiopentane dehydro^enation Houdry trocese ?li« above isoprene monomer production processes have not baen sufficiently proven to succeed in the commercial i «at ion from techno-econoaical view point. Goodyear and Michalin (Frane«) planned to build the isoprene plant with propylene dimeri za t ion procese by joint venture in 1%7, however, after techno-economical study this plan was abandoned. In Japan, Japan Synthetic Rubber Co. planned to establish Japan Isoprene Co. by 1972 jointly with Goodyear Co. and introduced IFF process instead of (iY-GD process, however they have reportedly decided to use a process of separation froa naphtha cracked gasoline. The situation around the i aoprane production is not atable. - ?b - The properties of polyisoprene rubber is almost same as those of natural rubber, compared with BK (anti-abrasion and low heat build-up) and L;BK (low price, good process- ability), so that its marketing is directly influenced by natural rubber marketing situation. Kecently, natural rubber producing cuuntries in Southeast Asia are making more effort to improve natural rubber production in both of quality and quantity. Furthermore, in consideration of spéculâtivenuss of natural rubber market, one who plane to start the production of polyisoprene rubber should, they say, have cloee connection with big rubber usera such as tire makers. Proa the above discussion, it is anticipated that many difficulties would be encountered in starting the production of polyisoprene in the developing countri»a. i) mensole acid » Phenol (Obsoleta) The following are phenol production process presently used. i) Cumene Process (eumene •» Phenol • Acetone) ii) «aschig Process (Bsnsene —-* Chlorobenaene ——• Phenol) til) Toluene Process(Toluene —-* Bensoic Acid » Phenol) iv) Cyclohexane Process (Benten« •Cycloheiane » Cyclohexanol/heianone — * Phenol ) *) Chiorination Process!Bensene- » Chlorobensene »Phenol) vi) Sulfonation Process (Bensene —» Denton» sulfonate—»Phenoli vii) Bireet Bensene Oxidation Process (»ensene —• Phenol) These process»e were used at the following ratio based on the capacity in 1967 in the world. Cuaene process 7 - 21 - The production costs are calculated as follows! Phenol produced (l/ton) Uuaene process 156 Haschig procese 169 Toluene process 170 'Jyciohextue process 183 Chlorinatj-on process 19!> Sulfonation process 176 In this report the cuavene process is adopted for production of phenol. Propylene —i f » Acetone fientene -J »Cuaene | ^ ¥t)mml 2) Dangerous Materials by Cheaical Properties a) £0 and PO £0 and PO are treated at a dangeroua «ateríais by the following reasons| * Vide ran^e of explosion liaits. * Vapour causes irritation of nose and eyes, loss of equilebruua, dyspnea and death. * Causes delay burn of the skin and also oauses severe burn of eyeball accompanied by permanent i pectiaent «hen it is contacted. Therefore, aaiiaua ears is required for the handling of fc© and PO and the long distance transportation is costly and not desirable. In this respect, very little irait of to and PO have been 5) Selection froa the Point of Macroscopic World Kartet ¥hs petrocheaicals after being cheeked by the above i teas 1} asé 2) are shown in rig.JV-2. of these petrocheaicsls, the aost prosi sin« ones for aarketin« should be selected. - 20 - Table IV-1 shows the supply and demand of the petrochemicals shown in the Fig.IV-2 in ths four areas (North America, Latin Asterica, Vast Europe and Southeast Asia). The selection and exclusion is to be Bade, considering the estimated world-wide supply and demand balance and the promising marketing situation in the future. a) Selection of ethylene Derivatives The following is the summary on the estimated market in 1973 and it's annual growth rate up to 1975 of th« * hylene derivatives as a total of the said four areas. (unit : l.UOO tons) Ktavlena Derivatives Qrowth Rate Demand in 1975 1} am 14.6% 3,342 ii) LDÄ 14.4% 9,495 iii) Styrene 13.1% 8,105 iv) PVC 12.2% 0,662 v) vcn 12.1% 10,150 vi) Polystyrene 9.3% 3,U3 vu) EG 7.8% 2,600 viii) Ac«t*ldehyd« 7.4% 3,188 ix) Ac«tic Acid 6.4% 2,965 x) Sutanol 6.1% 1,073 xi) Ethanol 5.0% 3,715 Of these petrochemical s, HDit, LDfli, Styrène, PVC, VC« and Polystyrene are selected from the point of view of the higher growth rate of the market in the future. The growth rate of KG, butanol, acetaldehyde, acetie moid and ethanol are relatively low. As shown in Table IV-l,no active expansion or new installation programmée up to 1973 are seen in the said four area«. Accordingly, EG, butanol, acetaldehyde, aoetle aoid, and ethanol are excluded from this study. - 29 - b) Selection of Propylene Derivative! The following i e the suaaary on the est la« ted aarket in 1975 and it's growth rate up to 1975 of propylene derivatives as a total of the four trees. (Unit : 1,000 tona) Growth Kate JUTû«**nd in 1Q7% i) PP 18. Ili 3,309 ii) Acrylomtrile 14. % 2,839 ili) Acrylic Fiber lO.tyí 1,040 iv) PO 9.b# 8U5 v) Acetone 7.7* A1 ,000 AAA Vi) IPA 6.1¡í 1,753 PP, acrylonitrile, Acrylic Fiber end PO ara to be selected. Acetone ìB produced together with phenol by C use ne procese, ai shown in the itea IV-2.-l)-b). The expected growth rata of both products up to 1975 are coaperetively low. Accordingly, it is thought that acetone and phenol production by Cuaene process should be excluded. The aain end use for IPA is aceton. As shown in the itea IV-2.-l)-b), acetone production is changing to Cuaene process or Hoechst Wacker process froa IPA prooess, and the future growth rate of IPA is estiaated relatively low. Accordingly, IPA is to be excluded. e) Selection of Butadiene Derivatives The following shows the estiaated deaand in 1975 and it «a growth rate up to 1975 of the Butadiene derivative! ss a total of the four areas. (Unit t 1,000 tona) hm*m PtririUTf i «retto aiti Ptmia m im *i) m 8.8,* . 91« - 30 - The growth rate of BH is exceeding SBH, however in the light ol the size of aarket, SBR is considerably exceeding BH. BR has been spot-lighted for synthetic rubber by the technique of it's sophisticated stereopolyaerisation. Polybutadiene made its debut while the probità of raw •aterial with polyisoprene has not been solved and has grown rapidly, however there is still BOM problems in processing. BH by itself does not process well in conventional rubber aixing and curing equipment so that it is always used in conjunction with SBR or natural rubber, and froa the view point of properties of the product BR cannot be used effectively in blends beyond 50 percent. Above the 50 percent level, tread cutting and chipping becoae a problem. Moet Manufacturers of passenger-car tire a find that blends of BR with SBK in the ratios of 20 - 2<&> work best in the tread loraations (in other words, SBR is used in this blend by 75 - 80?*). Por heavy duty tires BR is used in a little larger percent than for passenger tire, but is never used in non-blending fora. Accordingly, the spectacular growth of BR in the USA and Europe during the last these years does not necessarily Man that it will excel the other general purpose rubbers in absolute consuaption. It will be advisable for a new coaer into the rubber business to start froa SBR which has background of stable technique with long history and is still supplying the absolute quantity in the aarket. In this thoughts, 20,000 tons of butadiene is to be used for the production of SB* rather than BH. d) Selection of Aroaatic Derivatives The following is the suaaary on the eetiaated aarket la 1975 and it'a growth rate up to 1975 of aroaatic derivatives aa a total of the four areas. - *i - • (Unit : 1,000 tons) Raw Growth itic Privativ —JusudL. pffrt til ITfr i) Malaie anhydride Bemene 13.2% 564 ii) Caprolactaa 12.2% 2,245 iii) Polyaaide fiber H 11.7% 3.255 iv) Alkylbensene m 7.7% 1,315 v) Phenol n 6.7% 2,378 i) TDI Toluene 17.9% 585 i) Polyester fiber Xylenee 17.3% 3.129 ii) wrr * 16.4% 3,820 iii) DOP w 12.1% 1,200 iv) Phthalic anhydride ft 10.4% 1,798 Haleie anhydride, caprolactaa, polyaaido fiber, alkylbensene, TDI, D»rr and polyester fiber are to be selected. Phenol it eteluded as saae reason aa acetone shown in the itea b) of this section. Phthalic anhydride and DOP are eieluded. 46,600 tona of siied lylenes are separated 15,430 tons of o-*ylene and p-iyleae eaeh other. 12,800 tons of phthalic anhydride are produced froa 15,430 tone of o-xylene and 23,700 tons of DOT are produced froa 15,430 tons of p-xylene. *(o-«yl»nol Ophthalic anhydride [—4POPÍ In i led iylenea}~ 15,430 tons 12,800 tons 46,000 tons 4ÉHSW| 4ÜÖ »frolyostor fibirl 15,430 tons 23,700 tons At present, the capacities of the largest plant of phthalic anhydride and DUT are 70,000 t/y and 100,000 t/y respectively is the world. In this situation, the plants with the capacities Of 12,800 t/y of phthalic anhydride and 15,430 t/y of DUT »re •ox coapetitive in the world aarket. It is not good idea to take both lines, (o-iylene——^phthalic anhydride *D0F, p-aylene ». our •> polyester fiber) It should be focused on one line by capacity up. Tne line, a-ayleae- *D*T »polyester fiber, is selected on secouât •f the higher growth rate of deaand than the line, o-tvleae • phthalic anhydride »DOP. - 32 - m •) Selection of Other Petrochemicals The growth rate up to 1975 and the demand in 1975 of petrochemicals other than those in the item a) through a) of this section are as follows: (Unit : 1,000 tons) O^her retrochajicala Qrow^ nate Demand in 1Q75 i) Phenolic uesin 9.9JÍ 1,821 ii) Methanol The demand and supply balance of methanol has become tight from the later half of the last year to this year in USA and Europe as shown in Table IV-1 and Annei Q-l and methanol manufacturers have much interest in the new installations or expansion of methanol production facilities. Particularly, larger sise of plant is being considered using the recent developed ICI process. If and when all these projects are realiaed, tha total eapacity of methanol production would reach 10.8 million tona per year as a total of the four areas by 1973, which vili exceed 8.3 million tons of the estimated total demand in the four areas by 1975 and the preaent tight market situation may turn to loose. It is felt, therefore, that tha new installation or expansion of the existing methanol facilities should be suspended. In this respect, it is thought that it is very difficult for new cornar to market the methanol by 1975. Accordingly, methanol is excluded from thip study. Phenolic resin and urea resin are produced by reaction of phenol and urea with formaldehyde respectively. 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Q -4 •-> r, o o r-~ 8o * o CT- «-J- o f- h rt f tfi CD LP« ta 1 U.1 CN IA p« ¡M f\t fM K> Kl #4 KN un in in A <\l QL 2 -•1 •1 r- * i ^ 5 t.- * i-i g 8 g g g S g g 0) •rt -.-i •4 g g 0, 11 k i i S ï (M u h (Li Í JS « c 5 •• ri § 1 H J 4t C 3 M o t* ' 5 .s f ••< t.: +• h ,M U *• 3 0 g o 4 .. o * •H t: a •' t u ri .5 Ai 3 O o -e 85 0 p O -i-t J " Si i» (., *J 11 & Í- n r-* - 3H r\ H r-» .-• vO f\ * --i !*•> Oí OÍ* •O (T> O &> tV O í/\ vO • o ve oo ^ O VO <\l t- O K\ i l-l o »a K m • Ai M Ol O Q ,-• r-< O ÍN 8 (í X O H «-« <¿ o r> p tv A» i-t Ö 9i r\ N n H 4 ? S en Î * s io vo to ff) * OD tv 3 2 K S ? tv Ä in Oâ M» Jis »<» S S §î * IfN (V £\ e- t kfi K\ SO 8 r4 lP> mu ? 8 P N * F- &> »4 D K> ? ä S s OO N t N -I p^ * S S ft ä R fV i-l • »• •A ¡M i gsus § £3 g tr\ ¡fj t~ (H í ÍÑ P- t\j r\j S ~ s S * 2 * s R R S ? s s s s 1 $ 2 • "^ v« íf\ K> io §*S * « Q S » 5 2 ITI S 3 1 S 8 « 8 S J! •r* -M M l 3 l : '2 t Il i I 11 3 ? -S I .s I I * s 11 II I S * OT Ä ¿I .•<• * I• 3JÄH • « * S a» 5 1 :Í Ï ! ! Ì r-t í^ r-t •~"> r-t •0 t- 0> Ol t- r- 0 r- ^ LO « O o oo 0 Ci K\ CM rvj O ...| vi H ÍM •J"-. C!\ ¡i -• «3- C-J V .-> LO Ti \0 O ÍM LO ÍM o LO (T. r- CO ^ r-l r-t i-« r-t LO •/) ff-. r-l LO Û LO ''4 •-> m ^i Q I "> O O "3 O LO o L>\ O C o Q O Q O O O O LO r> r-i 3 2 ÍM LO LO • 0 sf r- L"> *f LO (M LO oj LO ..o r» i-t o io \0 Ki í\| rt O f- r- «t ÍM CM ro» ip\ t- co r"\ r-l M wt fi r-t .T r-l vi O IM io r-t r-l 13^> Cl •-t r- * S f^. ÍM M t-t r-t ÍM -t o* t- o O LO O IO en 00 O ft 3 CI i¡S o* S r-t 9 § r-t r-t es S sa O ÍM no r-t r-« r-t ^ L^ 8 ÍM 3 * s. «* V r-t r* O LO i-» LO 3 8 5? í-t 3 S » IA (M ^ r-l ÍM r-l tn r- § Î CM fM •* 2 J a ' r-t r-t i^ «-t -4 o r> LO O O í\) hi M3 r-t « O <\l >â O O O f-l !-• >o !»> .0 3 r-4 r-t « OD o iL- 1-1 r-* 8 r-l H i-t t» F-4 LO c* <• i«-. r- 0^ •1 •-» r-l ri- CM t~ V LO» 0» m 5 t-t r-t « v£> r-t to fO r-l •*• Í'J r-t t- r-4 ÍM H oj 'i i lO o iri O o r-« o ÍM o o ÍM «r O O (H O r- <* r-t r-l r* o LTV O m -> O t-\ • i » 3 * r-t •,M r-t '.J « * s r-t vj r-l ÍM -O r-t r«l Ol CM r-l S a r*t M «M « 0 • a m II « * M -H 0 ti O l. 0 t> s (/, 3 8 S | r, - En r> •» 5 .3 +> 5 .s OSA rt *» 3 3 *> •» m O 0 n S vi s?; •• í S u r-t •r1 O •-* 1 'j d. Í •M - 40 - if f- oo A 1 o t'- Jew en in n"\ o- P- :o •«* io O m e^ o D N if p CO JO IO I*" ft 1-4 <-l (NI fM H r-t *4 Kl m <-* «-* ir> (M f- O if if O P- CD O IO "J o ce •»• j¿ O O 0 ÎO N ^ 3 IO CU (S ôl ¡f If "M ro O OD g « O p- a f-t S £ SQ 8 r4 K\ W p- on (* ï IV f¥ j O if 3 ri í if\ I '» il «5 (V io i p- Äi ¡e «-I »O ï tf M If CT« Q *i Q io b 9 r Í 2 °° 3 P CO fc * £ * If *£» CD If if O sp Q O O r- • " i N r * (TI f* CM S S IO IO mt S 8 8 S 8 8 8 8 8 ••-I f4 •H -H •r« -»4 •r* T4 Ci « 11 ; 11 S. «u U Q. M j a i * e S Ü Í •» -r« [0 5 .5 *» a IH *> IN •» o a • sa J •* 3 .S s 7> lì sa J > Ci Is SI ft. ï 8 g 41 ftfMTÌtl fff Titti IH 1. Eaeh araa oonsiits of following countries s Rorta Aaarica USA, Canada Lati» Aaarica Argentina, Braail, Coloabia, Cantimi Astri«» Countriaa, Chilt, Ecuador, Haiico, Pini, Uruguay, Vanasucla and ote. V. Europa KEC Covmtrite, EPTA Countriaa, Spain and Orttct Southaaat A« la Bur «a, Caabodia, Ctylon, Hon* Kon«, India, Indonesia, Japan, kort«, Malaysia, Philippin««, Siagapora, Taiwan, Thailand and ate. 2. finasnd in 197$ it baaad on taa publitatd data, fol low i nf tabi« it tat raftraneaa. 3. Daaand in 1973 it calculated by tat tvcrtft annual growth rat« bttwtta 1970 and 1975. 4. Capacity in 1973 it baaad on taa publitnad data. iiftrfMti' A. Hodtm Plaatiea Jan. 1970 p.97 — 102 I. "Lonf-Ttra Daaand Forteaat of Patroeaaaieali* by CMC Cory. C. "Davalopaant in tht Organic Saetor of tat luropaaa Cbaaieal ladt» try" by Econoaic Coaaistion for Europa fi. àagaiu Kaiaai (Japanaaa Maga una) Oct. 1970 P. 59 — »5 1. EC« Juna 2a, 1970 p.10 F. CW Maren 18, 1970 P.56 0, "Futura Europaan Chaaical Growth Pattami1* by Dr. Roabart Riatlta H. Canadian Chaaical Procaaa Oct. 1949 P.6§ X. OPD H.port Dae. 22, 1969 P.12 J. Hydrocarbon Proetsiiing, July 1970 P. 132 K. Hydrocarbon Procttain«, hug. 1970 P. 117 ~ 119 L. OPD H «port Junt 1, 1970 P. 3 K. EC« April 4, 1969 P.6 1. EC« Stpt.26, 1969 P.10 — 12 0. -Aaaoniua Nitrat« Supply and Daaand 1967/1977* by Britta* Salpatr Carp. P. C A El Oct. 13, 1969 P.26 Q. C è ER Dae. 15, 1969 - 42 - FIG.IV FULL RANGE OF POSSIBLE C( RANGE OF POSSIBLE COMPLEXES r, S u M E « PRODUCTS PRES t N r PROCESSING FIRST C r A G E P « i f s •, > u ., NATURAI. GAS Mf TMi',0. m [\mamm SULPHATE FERTILISER COMPLEX AMMONIA SULPHUR N, ' k (FFDCHEM) Uff E A GAS ETMANT T WPAHATtOf. -^ PROPANE -•"I i M*L AL ' >MOL UNIT CRACKING ord tutors , 4í>o« mg*, i atncoflH -T v INTI '»«.nttiiif " - inf pentii P(K.»ag'i»).»ilms, »Ut*!;, tO"'nm»r», »Ht oui cobi* miulattort »o»4 •CriNtRitS Soi»»nH , eatifitoh •{ AVTuR i SO^fv ;CA".„r i —»^MO>()R ftCL | JVTMYìFNE L^ And <(#•» F I _ OXIDE j SHELL 4- . _ . MMuOlrvwuii ui »vu»Quipiwt, toys tWctrsnic Tt*ACO POLYPROPYLENE U ?XSKri. I L I I tit»*»»* NAPMTMA - jJ , j ~ 1 I - f PLASTIC? ÄND "L» T.''iwi. setting, pi|* loot tilt, I«KHIWN* STEAM zn ACNYION.TR a T— —I «CTYÍON.TWLE I I ^ AU S WS.NT | • * | mm„ [~ ^ CRArxfR — i i'r.jdM »ft«pt« TÍ- 1 " 1 1 "ii F.iF,Df* pt't NQL Nu m now» u\«9M AROMATIC S irt J Tyi*«, ndustri«! ^0 Y - EXTRACTION » no«ts, s#at#)ft*. SEPARATION SUTAOtFNE h Mit ng , •«,**» **•* )n>yta' .»n . P»P*. 'tj**" POLYSTYRCNI i;un»oiñ»r*, appliwe«* ETHYL BENZENE• 3 .H¡«eWf to*»»» , (••* PHENOL Numt'ows u*oq»» BENZOIC ACiD j-fcl BFNZOIC AC i O i r-L.?. -II 1 - f DYES" "1—. 0>#* tfj£ I I III CYC LOME »ANI CYCLOHC*ANC ^^[ MANUFACTURE ~ XYLENE ~L H PtTRO- C "H: Pt«*ttei»»fi, PHTHALI' 1 , f CiOC^u- L. pio»t»ci tío, KYl AT jR - TV Af,M>DR U J | PHTMALATE _J^ CHE VHCAL •L' NONE NE H p SRiMö-xvrfi'.f r""0"i METHYL' " 1 _ î PaYESTlËi L» *W»«. ***>»'< CO*W"LE>< -[~ DODECENE ~~j 1 ! TARA-KU INE ft 1 "CWEPHTHALAU [ [FIBEWS » riLMS y 9/4 M«»»«*!.' il» j ÉTT4- HYLffjf Apparti,1 ffwywtic,ic (•#• TEKACO OClOHfXANE lC—. . =-.-i,i—i Aw"»* . "»«r« '•) SfPABA"iON "iSO -PMTHALI' • POLYESTE» L^ ii#ctfi«# ——(NOWMAL PARAFFINS"!. „, pALKYL ItNZtNCL^ •,««••<>*«• •ff i.nYL BENZENE A.*YL iE VENE • ' SULPHO»iATE$ «tUtfttm» SECTION 1 I SECTION 2 RtfORHAIR | " ' *" ! Wf fHfiNOL f" fünmáiítn' •jf ÜMMU.CC M YDC~]» FERTIGER ~ (••**•***• ^ **rf i NATURAL GAS}- CO*K"U* ••j AlddKiWA )— NlTRtC A' NlTWC ACID > Ï n. triDCHtMi ^ u#fA j_ LO Pf J KATUHAl>L •c GAS ! M P p*ocess#i© ' ° L 1 { VCM h p vc J -H tttm.tNt ^— I "{ACITALOEH» •{A« TAlDCMYDfJ- \ ACITiC AC»0 j \ R- RUTHANOt J •UTAH« 4 ITHANOL •j ITMANOL I r CRACKING 1 to <••*/•» ) H I». H - POLYSTYÜHWK~1 COMOfMATE ftTHYLÊtW {cTMYLifNÄNI Y •j JTY«M 3f CRACK m I jruNt*Nr.ÄT£ (- CRACKfD CASOUlj [•"• F*AGTIQN| (•» )- MAfMTHA •4 P 0 •L: FO 4 >v;:;] NAPHTHA Y 1 CACHINO *[ ACRYlONlTRH.£ \—H —H -H —^OLYACOYUOWWfcá-^ AWOMATC lI tUTAD«Nt ' -H 1 p»pRntRl RICCNtRY , IflTMCTiOM •j ACCTOW ] •[ CU MENC CUKIC NC •L: {pjgWOL WS«] K: •{ RHINOL _ _"}" •Í PJP ZI -4. SiR Z] '¿1 •UTaWtWlJ—^ ' { POLYgUTAPOt 1 1 U—( «0 Mil MAI '•*©« IW*> iCHL* *» H ••{•CNilNt ")" T T Ami i [MALIC AJtMYDWtOfJ JDIALKYLATONJ TJ TJDJ | PI Tuo- A «MU OAMUNC CO.. tTO ••4 TOLUf« ) » • (MHON «««IIUTU •«»U5MHI IWW CHUHCACS { O-KVLINI ~}H Lt*"J* [PHTHAUC ANHYDWOCP OOP 1 —* * ^INt j" FtO. W-2 { l H 1 0 M T J- •{_ POtVtSTIW-P ] Cfl*!^ «~l -*^MWViAi.r .• ^H.• t. ÇNt ~H —^rtupxrmuc Êaàf î Tri PfTHOCMEMtCALS TMAOO) tnmmo FOU SíUCTION CiCLOMEXAMJ- •{ CAPRQLACTA*J- »*'l eue *"» *-PAHA««"3" Í •{L'ALKYL MNZIICJ •if OWONO. JL^J »••II SECTION 1 SECTION 2 Me I WÄr^L —-[iTMyUNlJ- L'lUl*âl' fiWJ " i processine i CONKNSATE «•em»?! y (.r )_ NAP*HTHâ IHTTflHAlyfUâ Wi "f • 3 (wwwui«)- mmmm. tnimcimm {•w»**j" (w«*> |)MtwrUfia4 {jroujiifj- Ö^ffZ}" -[wTIHCPMTAUC ACr (TflACOI ^cxuocxacr "JW^EWÉFWNE [ «• **•••< IIMIHRII ll«M SECTION 1 •[ LOP| { HP P|_ •Li±» 3 —f FTC 1 •{_STf(«l« •fpOUftTV^WC ] •f *JL tr ** •faetmcwtmi —* •c:>i SIR •ftjtilC âWtVPWaj » >» t r f r i i SECTION 2 V * IM«»— for fttroah—l«^, ia Triaifaj ^ fr^ l. ütiliaation of Natural CM ana Aaaoeiatad Coataaaata aa Baa Mataríais for Patrochaaicals (Caaa 1) 1) Ganaral Ttot aituation of taa dsvalopawat of natural gas m Trinidad •aa Tobago ia olaarad in Chaptar I ana ta« ffovarnaant of Trinidad and Tobago tipacts taa ita« pttroefcaaiiaal projacta basad on thaaa natural gas «j* aaaoeiatad condansat«. Ta« iaforaationa about natural «aa and condanaata ia Trinidad and Toba«» ara fi van aa follow.: •> Quantity i JOO - 500 WSCf/D (froaaaatiw) a) Coaposition 1 ill H2 0.» 0.3* 94.40 2.% 1.08 i04 0.19 nC. 0.» 0.16 S 0.07 % 0.11 100.00 0) 1 500 mxs i) friat t 19 é/mCT (Thia prio« «aa advicad at ta« Sdaond Haatin« ««Id in Octobar, 1970 httvaaa IDC and JOC Hiaaion). - 46 - &eteaii££* a) Quantity : 25 barrels par WGF of gas b) Quality : Art gravity 40* - 57* c) rtrice : not quoted * In addition to the information provided by IDC, we tried to have the aore detailed informations fro« AMOCO International Oil Go. which ia preeantly executing the natural gmn development offshore of Trinidad, but unfortunately we were conceived that it was too early to *«t the assured and detailed inforaationa due to the comparatively early stage of ite present development *nd thet,e data ar« the beet available. ( Annex A B.¡A B ) 2) Calculation oí Uoete of Basic Materials Uthylena, Propylene, Butadiene and MX) derived froa Natural Gas and Condensate. a) General Asnumption in this Calculation For examining the posaibility of natural gas and condensate utilisation under thaaa circuastanoes, wa calculated the costs of ethylene, propylene, butadiene and BTX on the following aseuaptions. i) The quantity of natural gas and condensate ara reaptictively 2,731,000 t/y (400 MUSCF/i») and 410,000 t/y. U) The coapoßition of all natural gas is emme as tat above aantioned, although AMOCO notes that the ultimate make-up of a ¿as production stream will be a function of the relative amount of reserves discovered and placed on production from different areas in the concession, and the gas composition could vary substantially from the data shown. The API gravity of condensate ia 49*. - 47 - iii) TI» prie« oí natural gaa et plant »it« it 15 ^/MSCy (7.25 $A). Ina prie« of condenaate ii 16.65 t/t which it •a avarag« f>r« Mat «sport prie« of aaaataae fro« Trini-Jad and Tobefo. a) «leek Magra» of letiaaud Materiel Balança i) »attirai Qae ProeeaaUf » Befar to Anne* P. li) fyrolyeie» Ltnan«, propali« aaa but«* frea natural fie ara tünraally crack«d by etnea«, propane and antan« cracker. Coaaeneete eeeoaiataA vita natural gas aad peataa« plue, vaiali ie iweeverea froa natural gas, ara cracked by eoodaaeate eraaker. liij Caa CoaprtiBion aad Purifioetieat Taa product «treaae froa both eraafcara ara traatad together la tac eaae treating pianti. i?) Butadien« iixtraotioat B-» fraction produo«d by pyrolyaie ie treat«* to ««tract butedien«. f) Aroaatice A«eov«ryt Craok*d gasoline produced by pyrolyeie l» **•**•* ta r«oov«r beaeeae, toluene and xyl«n«e. fa« block diagrea ia amava la HO. t-1. o) Celoulatio© Mefer ta Ana** F and I. 48 - d) Recuite Amount (t/y) Unit Coat (l/t> Ethylene 241,000 71.50 Propylene 101,600 50.00 Butadiene 29,900 113.34 Beniene* 109,300** 59.22«« Toluene* (66,500)** (36.6)*« Xylene* 13,700 4-3.2 Cyclohexane* 19,500 61.75 n-Paraffine* 73,000 90.57 • Taking the œ tracheal»! ft A «liv»r*d fro« th*> i 'fEXACQ Petrochemical Plant into consideration to giva thia result. ** Toluene i e dealkylated to banian«. 3) Additional Hernanes Aa a«than« is a aain coaponent in tha composition of tha natural ¿aa, we sake tha following reaarks specially. In thia study tha uea of aethane aa a rav «atarlai for patro- ehwaicala is licitad to aethanol, nitrio aoid and aaaoniua nitrate be ride a aaaoniua, aaaoniua aulfate and uraa Kino« athylene route ia no« ascertained or world-widely not load auparior to aeatylana routa. Tha us« of ae thane Bay also be considered for fuel for power ganaration to develop alectrocheaical industry auch me aluainua, caustic soda and chlorine. Purtharaore ae thane say b» exported to USA oonaidaring tha increasing deaand of UG. Tha overall and aost affective utilisation of aethana aust be davaloped by taking tha above into consideration. In thia atudy, however, tha utilisation of aie thane as fuel or LUG source ia eliainated since tha aluainua project aay raiaa aoaja political problea with other C AHI FT A countries and tha uea of aa thane aa anargy source will raquire tha extanaive survey bayond of thia atudy, and furtharaor« these ara considerad not to balong to tha field of petrochaaical industry. - 49 - 2. Utilisation of CoBdMMtt as a la» Hatarial for Fotroosssioals (CAM 2) 1) Gasarsi Aa tht conttnt of C2 plus fraction in ths saturai ass of Trinidad, accordi«« to AMOCO Information, ia u «aaar.1 eoaaidaration to« Mall for production of athylsns by pyrelyaia of natural «as, «a atudiad ths poatioility of eondanaata utilisation without uaa of natural «aa in this Caaa 2. 2) Calculation of Coata of Baiio Hatsrials ssrlra* froa Condensata Pyrolyaia a) Oansral Asiusption la tais Calculât loa t Saat aa that in Cast 1. •) Block Magras of Eatlaatad ftatortal talasen Shows is no. V-2. o) Calculation »far to Asaos 0 asé 1. *) Mosulta Asouat ix/v) Unit Cftat ff/|) tthyloao 120,000 96.64 rropylana 75,500 90.00 swtsdioso 24,000 116.63 sassoso* 105, «»•• 59.32M felttoso* (aé.eooH C36.6)«« Xylana* 12,600 46.2 Cyolohaiaas* 19,900 61.T3 n-Paraffins» 73,000 SO.ST O Takln* +K» «**C© *trooha«ioal Hast lato ooasiéorstioa to «Ivo thia rama t. •• foists« is daaUylstad to - bO - 3* Utilization of Naphtha as a Haw Material for Rstroehaaieals (Cae« 3) l) General In Trinidad and Tobago there exist the refinery plants of TEXACO THINIDAD IUfi. (3r)0,0OO bbls/day)and of Shall Trinidad utd. (61,000 i:t.lp/day). In addition to thie refining capacity the plan of the establishment of a 1!?0,000 bbla/day refinery ia beine- proceeded by the Trinidad TKSORO CO. Ltd. We visited TKXACO Head uff ice to have their advice of naphtha utilisation but TKXACO did not clarify the availability and price of naphtha for petrochemical industry (ref#r to Ann*»« C). üinee the delivery of naphtha for petrocheaioal raw aaterial «ill result inevitably in decrease of TKXACO products of such aotor gasolina and aviation «asoline as produced froa naphtha fraction, TKXACO will not b«- ini positive attitude to afford naphtha for petrochemical raw aaterial unless the price of naphtha au petrocheaical raw aaterial be at sana level or above the price of gasoline. Such a price of naphtha is considered at present undesirable in pstrocheaieal industry. At thu Second Meeting held in October, 1970 between IOC and J GO Mission, the plan of the establishaent of a 1*0,000 bbls/i*J refinery by the THINIDAD TESORO CO. was disclosed and IDC advised üB the availability of naphtha of approximately 1.2 aillion tons par annua. In these respacts it la pre foratale to fora a petrocheaical ccaplex schea« not based on the utilisation of naphtha froa TEXACO but baaad only on the naphtha fro« THINIDAD TFSOKO. In this connection 1.2 aillion tona per annua of naphtha ia large enough for supplying the petrochsaical raw aaterials to a Petrocheaical Coaplei of International levai. - 51 - Tao inform ti or about naphtha froa TRIVI SAQ TESQKG aro gives •s follows: (rofer to Atomz 0 «ad E) Manatha a) Quantity : 1,200,000 teas/year b) Properties : Maphtha irò« the indigenous crude Crude Quantity »aphtha Cut Cheaical Altalyaii bblii/ciay Boiling Han«« ±> 0 NA J&J. bü,000 100 - 150 39 O 42 19 150 - 200 28 o 51 21 20,000 100 - 150 27 O 52 21 150 - 200 5 O 71 24 IBI' i i'he 1BF ol the naphtha will b« dateraiaed ay the ltìr of the crude to be used. KBP t appro». j!>ü'f. a) Pria« i o - b-l/2 \il¡é/gmi{W>) (22.02 Uüf/t) d) Crudi V> bo used (lor reference) i Tat input to the refinery would be a costina t ion of 80,000 bbl/day of local (indigenous) and 70.QQO bbl/day of foreitfn-baeed (iaport«4) cruda. The foreign crude would poaidbiy be imported fro« ligeria, The specifications of the indigenous crude Quantity Appro* bill/day Choaical Analysis API % light % gar oil $ fuel P 0 N A Gravity fraotio« D.I. 53-57 ail ïi-i . . 60,000 33 - 48 19 2a 18.8 15.1 66.1 20,000 33 - 4« 19 23 11.4 28.5 ©0.1 2) Calculation of Costa of Basic Mataríais derived froa laphtha Pjrrolyai» a) General Assumption in this Calculation Tat input of Nigerian Light Uiport Cruda (boa**) is for this refinery. - 52 - Ta» »pacification» of ta« Distillât« (90a - 175'C) of Miarían Litfht Kiport Crue« (Boatty). TU Id Lp«cìfic «ravitj W'lMBiOftl Analysia % on Crudo bO'V I 60'r POMA 2¿ 0.76 24 67 b) Block Diagru of iitiaateo' Rat«rial telane« äto©*n i» WO. V-3. o) Calculation Mofor to Aaati M. «) Meatilt» Aaouat (t/wi Äthylen« JWO.QOO 4^.54 íroeylono ¿00, (XW 44. ÜU lutadioMi 05,000 150.31 l^naoao* 1^,000»* 5I.44»« è'oltteao* ¿0»2UÖ»* 36.6 Xylol»* 4b,600 4Ö.2 Cyclohowm«* 19.500 61.75 n-i'araífina* 73,000 9a. 57 * Tanin« tito fwtreehoaiealo daüvarod from tut •lioUa« TUA» F*tro«i»ai«al Flaut iato oonaidoration to givo tttio rotti! t. •• 88,800 t/y of toltioao it ioalkylatod te - 53 - Utilisation of Benzene, Toluene, Xylene, Cyelofcexane «ad n-faraffine supplied by Existing TEXACO Plant. i) General According to the information provided by IDC, TEXACO mrocheaical Plant in Trinidad is producing the following chemicals. (in 1968) bbis/year t/year f/t Benaene 213,602 - 30,000 $5.© Toluene 356,622 - 49,000 56.6 Xylene 19,215 - 2,600 48.2 Cycloheaan« lt>b,475 - 19,500 U.75 »Paraffine 6Qt»,3Q7 - 73,000 9U.57 Lírica frialdad and Tobafo OoveraMat hopes both of the utilisation of the prospective raw Materials and the upgrading of the existing petrooheaicals in Trinidad and Tobago, ail of these esistine fietrochealcals are subjected for upgrading at auch as possible. 2) Gent rei Assumption Tit« quantities of these baeio pstrocheaiosls deliver«« fro« TEXACO rttrocheaical plant depend upon lEXACO'i policy, wfeiea vili be affected by the deaaad la blending bast for gaso line, to vary year by year. In this study it is assuaed that these petrocheaioals be avellati« at the sane quantities and the »aae prices as delivered in 1966 in every year. - 54 - FIG V- I BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ESTIMATED MATERIAL H»ATED MATERIAL BALANCE (Cost I) Of» (JQ% c•»•»§ Of» C>8» 2.5»a,ooo W us. feoo V, Hi. $00*/, -1.__- Out»««« ETHANE t4l. 000 V» . _ NATURAL PROPANE !•*•*#. *»•»•**, •»*••# Pr»»y tt>K NATURAL GAS GAS BUTANE GAS COMPRESSION 17«. 000*/» AS COMPRESSION tOI. feOO •/» f PROCESSING THERMAL 2,?5».QQQ >» TREATMENT TREATMENT CRACKING 400 MMSCF/O) »UTADIENE ' •"••J M f» f»l( »IO EFRIGERATION JS.SOO t* 23.900 »/» CONOCMSATC THREMAL 410 ,000«/> 4M. 000 */» Offj>«» CRACKING •-•oT, J IT. 500 V" AROMATICS JLL3¿i£ámJil!iL^!lmmm •*». ». i c i flMü */» RECOVERY 1i.ioo vT ¿•.•Ou */» ¿•.»ou '/» ^% HYDROGEN Wf»( SECTIIN 1 | SECHI* 2 » • i » n FIG V- I BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ESTIMATED MATEFB1ATED MäTER,AL BALANCE (Cosili W# ffl#W| Off Got ff»t»t i,512.000 »/, ^_ tit. êOOV,, 118. 60 CtHyttw« 24I.OOOV, tTHANE NATURAL Jtlw»f. Prtywt. >*»«»«^ PROPANE Pfflp, ItBf NATURAL GÄSJ GAS » »74 000 '/| BUTANE 3AS COMPRESSION lOl.feOO »/, PROCESSING GAS COMPRESSION 27 Jl.000 */, THERMAL TREATMENT TREATMENT (400 MMSCr/O) CRACKING M P hn ti fi BUTADIENE fMoáitrtt TMYLENE ft PROPYLENE ETHYLENE A PROPYLEr b'j. 200»,» EXTRACTION 2<í.<*0Q V, PURIFICATION «S.OOO •/, PURIFICATION iptnt t-# CONDENSATE REFRIGERATION 23.900»/, REFRIGERATION J%.500»/7 COWCNSATC 1 TMREMAL Off <»a» 410.000 V« 4». 000»/, M»0»', Tat»* ut CRACKING _ _r 17. soovT C*nU< sEcinm SEcTmTT F I G V - 2 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ESTIMATED MATER.BiATED MATERIAL BALANCE (Case 2) Off Cos 61,400'/y CONDENSATE C»*y*t*t C§,000t/y CONDENSATE 410,000 »/y CRACKING TREATING fropy ten« a 75,500»/> FRACTIONATION! B- B Freden Frac»«« Butadiene 52,500 My 50 Vy 24,000*/," Crocfctd 66,600 Vy T^" ftttt«W0l OH ^ »,«00'/y 6,000 V* 26,000 t/y To*utt>« I5r600»/y Xyltntt 10,000 w MYOROGEN HI RtvAiOl Oil « PRODUCTION RpffmottWATT trutte SECTIIN 1 r S E C T11H 2 FIG V - 3 BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ESTIMATED W ESTIMATED MATERIAL BALANCE (Cose 3) Off Gat • J* •'j ».'» NAPHTHA f. f^|tf«i 300.000»/, fWPMTHA j »200.OC» *'» I CRACKING *»»e»tt«#¡21 200.000 »/, B - B Fffjcfio" f jt jdlfW» B - B f'rjtflO" » •«i.OOO t/, • 41.000 t/, t&.uuu » » Cr«CM4 G«'-'» Croe»»* &asoi"# 33».0OO »/, 339.000 »/, t*tfti»»t Unikat Oit 95.000 •/» *é.OûOf/> êO.OOO»V» RECOVERY i— 44.000 */» HVDfcOGfN T.I 5.3¿UV, ÏWlOOUCTîON M. r iOr.,OOM/( C BoMi«8ft 4Q.0OO »/» JECTIIM 1 i riicïiTTf •I. Process Study for Co«plex Scheme Planning Th* schemes of the petrochwaical complexes based upon th« resourets of (l) Natural Gas and Condensate, and th« petrocheaicals delivered fro« th« existing TKXACO Petrocheaical Plant (2) Condensate and tat petrocheaicaie delivered from the existing TEXACO Plant and (3) Naphtha and the petrochemical a delivered fro« the existing TEXACO Petrochemical Plant w^re laid down respectively. The net production cost« and the selling pricee of the petrocheaiotl products delivered fro« these Coaplexee were estimated. 1. Petrocheaical Complex Scheae With respect to Plant Capacity, in general, on th« one hand tat larger capacity i a the better to pursue the «cale «writ, but on the other hand the larger capacity causes the «or« difficulty to keep the operating efficiency at high level. As to the nuaber of the petrochemical producta de Ilvo red fro« the Coaplox, the «ore xa the better to »tour« the Complex as «hole against the fluctuation in balance of deaand and supply. * Generally speaking in petrocheaical industry, the) increase in deaand draws a saooth upward curva with years, but the supply increases etepwisely. In other words even when the petrocheaical indu a try grows steadily, the over »upply for a short tiae> ia not avoidable with alaost all petrocheaical a. Thia gives rise to a difficult selling tiae or a decline in price for a while with each of the petrocheaicals respectively. 80 it is preferable to constitute the coaplex with as •any kind petrocheaicals as possible so that they 00a pensa te each other their difficult tiae of sailing. - 56 - In these respects the scheaee of the Complexes wer* laid dova by the following criteria: 1) to constitute the Coaplex with as aany petrochtaicals selected in Oiwpter IV as possible. 2) to sake the plant capacity as large as possible under the limitation of the available aaount of raw Materials. The) propose i pchtmc. art. not necessarily definitive or aay be aodified by one upon hi;, philosophy, but these scheaes Bust •«Ice on« obtain a ìfHUatic ima/'« about a petrochoaical coaplei poaeible in Trinidad and ïobago under the given conditions. The proposed coaplti scheaes «re shown in Fit*. VI-1, -2 and -3. 2. Calculation of Net Manufacturing Cost and Selline* Price The result» are shown in Table VI-1 and refer to Annex K, •a to detailed calculation refer to Annui I. In the calculation it in aseuaed that the subaidiary «ateríais, atteh as chloria«, line, aaaonia, oleun, sulfuric acid and nitric acid, and the raw «ateríala» of which the requisito aaouats are aaall, such aa aethanol, ethylene glycol vili be) aupplied at the international prices iroa outside of Coaplei« a. Aa to the end product via intaraediate produced la the Coaplei, tna inte raed ia te product i a aaauatd to be auppliaé to tat tal product plant at its eelline price. Ta* tailing prieta «ere calculated ia accordano« with the aethod of "Prof tatibility Studies on Petrochemical Planta for Trinidad «ad Tobago" prepared by IDC only with the di if tronc« of adopting tax holiday proviaion. Ia thia connection the rate of return oa invoatawnt calculated by the discounted oath flow aethod ia 10.# uniformly with «11 petro- oh#aical producta «hen 109» of C.I ia tax« aa tao net incoae in •wary year with tvtry product disregarding th« «aal or tat iateratdiatt product. - 59 - 3. Capital Xnveataents, milititi and Laboura of Coaplex Integrated capital investments, utilitiee (electric power, ateaa, cooling water, fuel) and labour ara ahovn la Tabla VI-2. (refer to Ann«» P) 4* Coaparieon of Cae« 1, 2 and 3 Ai Tabla VI-1 above, the aoet advantageous reault «aa given in Cat?« 5. The nain faotora, that are considered to produce the differences in the net manufacturing coats and esiline prices with the eiamined Cases, are the cost of natural gas processing, the acale effect, the cost allocation aaonf the basic aaterials, «ad the given or estimated prices of raw aaterials. Among thea the scale effect is the aost lmportmat factor to favour Case ¡J. The Complex baaed upon naphtha utilisation la »oet rann—i álable aa ooapared with the otilar two Conpltxes. Accordingly the following •*«•* about export poeslbilltiet frcm Trinidad and Tobago «ill be axecutad upon the potroch—ioal products delivered froa Case 3 Complex. - 60 - iioqooc V»» I D P f ] zo*n */t irq ooo'/»i M DPI ] 25/40 '/» \WURfit GA (•4, tOO'/») P V c ] 155» %» foctHSAÎt) ». ft • * 1 V I 1 I» I > •»« jfl'itirWW' i: I' i » MV«OÑS K • • MMN OAWM.INC CO.. LTD (mm* RIMHUVII «»nutMti«! «»ISM« ft ~m. tr-1 icwi) t • ANNUAL PHOOUCTKX AMOUNT SILLING WttCt OF PRODUCT K«if ¡a: -WTT • » m.o» %, HT »•••i SECTIIN 1 I $TcTil¥ 2 ( 60,000 V|) —•{ L D M E 21587 %f (t'o»oooV») M 0 F' í ) J32#S *tt Í 51,200 V|) ( »3â»00 V» I V C M P V c ; IMM V» j «topee'/ji STtRENC J 'gW^ll^fOLYSTYWENC ] pQNDENSATtJ—• 1ÎÏ.6Î %» 2*.6S *t _ ( M.OOO'/j) 11 tpoq VJj i,i«i«t *>» *.tooV() (40,000 V|) P P j •^ IM (5 *f (je,ooo •*> SM ] itSjoooV i .HIJO V 1 * W4.»'/t %. * ». K * ' II I' I I A' ti i r i i «»1 Mti T unciiiffi«! Ir» ill i» nl»>'tM r i « « t pwo *°. 11 i.ôo© V|» MMN ttAtOUNt CO.. LTO * * • »»cm m»»*tsu»u «»«WHim I«»ISM* I t J.ACTAMJ- "•¡NYLON- «-F J i • riO Tff-2 (COM2) Jt» OS */1 i,o»soâ*t .( v- ANNUAL PKOUCTION AMOLWT « V t».O00*/|i * r ^JÜNEÄ* 1 ALLING PfKCC Of PRODUCT «« Htt scM.r il SECTIIN 1 S E C TI e H 2 L D P E i /• ?oo »/»> J ANNUAL PRODUCTK* «MOUNT | ifcK«/ l/t • StLLMG PMCC OF MOOUCT ! i ir. nfiQ t/»i iljf> soo */ HOPE j iMJOtU'/yl .','»»;i l/t • [oCALim.«TlON| i*>:ooe'/j 3 K*O0O%l ""TEmfl * JÜpofilM. •[ T 0 I p I 1 TOtUtNt TOLUENE } 4M 47 l/t »t M ' J 2 t I • I 1 MO D»Tf DtSCIWTtO» Pit 0» M [*•('!' 400 •/»! _«» ,40Wt_/|l t li.OJgJit» •M í I»tOO '/f I § iM.tBO t'tfODT 4^.Yfs?fw-ri WVISIOHS K > XYLENES «g. un a. .«»i/* I»'» »/I l.Qtt 44" M 4*1 l/l «*r»/7 iwaw/f iâMN OAtOUNC CO . LTD • i «HMO» MH»MUTII «»HUSMIKI K«IÍH» r.__ J--,.'. "L ">9."Okli ki _ _. L H.OOQ ''|i CYCLO j^â«IOLâCTâl«J •[»*YLON-*^fJ PIG V»-3 Ji»OS|/i ioiioPS-t ANNUAL PRODUCTION AMOUNT ; U HEXANt IO • ALLING met Of PftODUCT _ i 50.000 t-|i (Cat* 3) ^LSÏi^W AlKYL "I .•»* I "• > - «tN*m «L*ZIX£ J mrpr Trarr "IFTT « * 'JDS •• fc-t —m Ml »•••• I ».Mil SECTIIN 1 I Si CTI IN 2 l«\ í) 01 K\ f\J >* ÍNJ r<~> r- 8 p-t OJ ••O CO O o t~ Oí ODçyiiAOïAiMrAt^tfSvOCD ^r IA CT> rA 0"i o« 3fcer>K,i'-iOsOt-OOK^ir\*iH^\o £ ,3 M p-«p-tp-t0Jp4p-tA¿{\i,-lp"IK\O*' PA PA (M O S S 2 5 S en 3 S 3 0> r-t i-< LA osi fls LA OS •* O 00 o (A i. PA O C~ * LA eg KS O a'' OJ ,-t M (M ! o I 8 o PA Al PA O O oc o P- » <7> Ä 8 LA PA -0 p-4 « •O KA KS IT IA S ir» vô o «r <-t tA M s o Olí lA O |i\ Oí PA PA 8 \0 P* «# •* 1 Ï* PA g m H n ÍM LA N s^ KN fc- ä PA o Al o i-* §§§§!,§§§ § 1 O O PA O O tIS O C~ ¡E ve ri a i i » s «fr tA (A PA ,-1 iH P 3 8 R » $ K\ 8 H! 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Si ni ta'à a K ^ u o S is 8 â fei Ri P I o o o O C/i "' to tí 'i. r«, raurmn «noavi •jaiJl'ii.:,n Hfioyvi - 05 - f\ ¡A á fi r» i-» • (Q v£ • va 3 ¡A Ü O î f- ru 1-4 >-* v¿ i r^ —< r4 CD O r4 cri f o M n 8 jt H ê * •« 00 en p S ru 8 ï « « "èo """ r^ O N P-£~ r-t^ 0>ö •*- » rvi H tf> io % X CD CD » LA .4 CM -4 f3 H §§ | » g » • j * '»"S" ï § i g • s • • Ñ P* î » I i îl ~* Ci g m en i$ V w w an <* I co r\ ir» kA «¡9 E# -9 K> IO 3 Ss 8 B st GB Q 3 " P ffl2? t-2 -o * M £ri "e ^ ¡M £*3 ' ' * * 8 g I O & 00 Si*> M -x « • B « H B * S M Ji +* * 3 ^b II (3 H S« 3 fi S B S g ö J ft< ü O S e s 8 e ö sann un mom 33WI'IIWl Hnotn - 6b - 6; $ » ITI 00* 9 ^ Mg 8 » —» r- i-« S * ¡K » 8 S if ey <» i•4 *§• 8 Oí *4 2 *" "•"• H 8 S ' » i-i » • o Ö 8 S 8 • S 2 * 3 îy to rt I i SR g ûO r-* s CM a * § O s »? - g a » • • « s K M CM 03 ~ P »-i ixs <\ » a f\l r-» Ifs * * I P. 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O W siuxiun mmn mirimi moin - h? - al 5* * r» e* SC ° "* * co »- 1/ CD * » ^ -4 » a * i s 3 18 s i 9 i4 I 8 *s 38 a t 03 I I §8 * s | ' • 3 § 9 K 3 •: Sí * n ^ ^ i §8 g 8S IS 8 S • O Ia* S « SS s H• • N §8 i«i'• 6 1 3 * S * * » • a• |_• - • - • •S1 *"*"• b j CI" HI3 |^i 1 Je li JBÍ 3 I1> 91 ; § ¡nu s» lie ! sumiin «notn siunun Mñoitf 68 - V OD • ¿L T ° a <* (Ni ODî 8 SS p« P4 O 8) 8 .1 » •"> 2LA 2• 8 * S R g ' ' - »5 o 8 BM WH § * • <* 9 0 #> -4 S lu ^ CN £ p* C p« l«"\ P* Ë » i K\ J § § 8*3 * ' 3 ir\ ^ r- i BS §1 * * a 3 0 M 10 o S -—-s a> i v» P# § 859 • ' 3 13 | î î • ^-. -4J, 4[ """' * K K f S 15 a p« K I 3a» o5 5o SE g se W S3 saunxin woofri ^unun «noin ~* * « i-» *~ 3 ~ O CO IN E ii rv i/\ ifs 2>« §§ î 'S • g o 9 § 3 8 g 3 i s Hg S §â §*s•• » o rs fé E o* » G* • I t* ,11 Mû t » Si'S 3 - 9 5 N W * * S P I « 51 3*1 8 S §§ 5*s* a"# » i« Ä o o * r» to to ! f * " " 1 I * 3 S T) il "5 í S *% " •• O dì i;, 'Es • 111 « 5 f« a t- M K »f M mS KI» 51 K 1§ S»(T) o ta S 3 im I S ?nxnxm «Man EtuniJü 70 - »• • S • » SI • s g r* M X r» —» K"\ p< 00 »4 * l*% i*\ w t * « -4 i i 4 ¡j 8 8 3 »œ f£ o O "¡¡S ^3 § Í I Í ¥ 3a 1 n §1 at jg I • • 8 ' ' Jt* ^ä *an •*•*s si I 3 51« g § g * 3 • * 8 Il î « | 5 * li j ? 3 I Ils 5 "5 •> 41 i fc i-si 3» O JB "S 3Î ]s% fj 8 S 1 3 5 g ISIIEÄ i filli if StUIttA «MITI «ni nun VII. Market Survey and Fxport Possibility of Selected Petrochemicals 1. Market Survey l) Ethylene Derivativi-".: >i : LDH;; Polyethylen^ lu » l.iy*d a leading rcle in the development of petn>4:h»;mi.caL industry. The following tali- ahown th* percentage of ethylene u«-iaar.il fur polyethylene over the total ethylene deaand in IK)A, UK and ,l.! Ethylene Demand tor Polyethylene over tn* Total KhvJ-ru Deaand in IK"A. UK and Ja&an (Unit : 1.QQ0 tuns) uva m. ìMsaa i%> iaiû iaS5 IM IM IM Total Ethylene Damand 3,400 8,400 300 1,320 72b 3,lu7 ethylene DeBand for Polyethylen* 1,330 2,980 167 630 387 1,275 •i 3'J.l 35.5 55.7 47.7 53.3 41.0 Kro» tili» table, ethylene deaand for polyethylene production wa« in the order of 4ü - y ¿ of total othyltne demand in. thus* three countries in 1965. Polyethylene has «ade a great contribution to the development of petrocheaical coaplex. Though, the percentage of * thy lene deaand for polyethylene has slightly decreased gradually, the role of polyethylene in the petrocheaical industry will not change. I.Dit; deaand has rhown a repid increase. Fro« Table IV-1, total LDPD deaand in the four area« (North ¿«erica, Latin Aatrica, ¿«at Eurent and Southeast A it) in 1970 is «otiaated to be up to 4.85 Billion tone. The growth rate in Southeast Asia with Japan aa a leading nation, fro« 1965 through 1970 ia 22.1% in iwingi, which is the highest of all, followed by Latin Aaerica of 18.1$. The average of the four area» is 18.6$. Tha rapid increase of LDPÏ is owning, to a large eitent, to the incraas* of fila and sheet consumption for which about 50¿ of total LDttS deaand is utiliied. in i le the inrtff annual growth rata of th* conauaption of fila and shoot - 12 - 1« USA, IOC And Japan during the three y«ara fro« 1967 to 1970 1« 17.85*, 14.7* and 10.5# respectively, th« growth rate of the total Loft; doaand ie 12.2t in USA, 11.9* in UK and Japan and th« growth rate of fila and sheet deaand in USA and UK exceeds that of the total LDPi) deaand. End UM Pattern of LDPt in USA, UK and Japan 1*979 fltlMft) (Unit: 1,000 toa«) Jfiift ]& ¿aj ÏMàJite Cunanap. _¿_ Conauap. * Conauap Fil« and Sheet 780 55.0 I34 54.6 350 55.O Iajection Holding 234 16.0 37 I5.0 56 8.6 Intrusion Coating 207 14.0 12 5.0 82 12.8 Hire and Cable 167 11.0 22 9.1 54 8.4 Pipe and Conduit 36 2.4 ¿ 2.4 ? ltl Blow Holding 26 1.7 25 10.3 24 3.8 Mote Holding 27 1.9 - . Miscellaneous • 9 3.6 64 10.1 Total 1,477 100 245 100 637 100 ¡our oes t Ref. l, 2, 3. »a*t to fila and ahett, LDit is used for injection aolding. In USA and UK, about 15* of total LDPfc deaand goes to injection aolding. The capaoity of UM* in the Mid four areas dur in,; the five year» froa 1965 to 1970 vas increased by about 4.9 Billion t/y whereby the total capacity will reach 7.3 aillion t/y by the and of 1970. In the aeantiae, the capacity per plant is bscoaing larger with taa overage of 60,000 - 70,000 t/y par plant. In the past, the average eapaelty of a plant was in th¿ rang« of 20,000 t/y to 30,000 t/y. Annoi Q-2 shows th« LDJf Producer« with pr«M»t and under planning capacity in th« western countries. The following Ubi« «hows LBPI prices in th« aain countries. Th«M ar« local delivered prices based on «ingle deliveries in each oouatry «ad LDPI is being Mié to bulk uMra at the lower rat« by 10-20* thu these local delivered prices (Saas «tua/ can be Mid regarding th« other producta). - 7? - ffl* Priet"1 ìn xì» **** e«"*'*" (ouït i 4M ânâs. CountiUa 1965 1970 USA 16.25 13 UK 16.6 16 Injection Orad« Japan - - (10 ton lots) .i. Germany lfl.l 16 i' ifiiica 19.4 11.7 Italy 18.9 12.1 ULiA 18.75 12.75 UK 22.1 19 lmia. trial Fila Grade Japan» 19 13 (10 ton lots) w. a» many 21.0 21.2 Frane« 20.8 12.2 Italy 22.6 12.9 USA 19.25 15.25 UK 25.0 21.50 Pipe Extrusion Orad« Japan - - (10 ton lota) V. Germany 22.6 23.1 Frane» 23.6 14.6 Italy 25.3 12.9 * AY*ra«v prioa of l*M£ in Japan íiourc« i H«f. 4 In ti» Untttd Stat«», tb« LD« prie« •«* 4«fHit4 by 5 - 6 c«nt»/l6 in it» past fiw y««ra. 1« UK it «as decrease by 2 - 3 e#ntt/lb, in Franc« ana Italy by 7 - 13 e«nta. In Mat Q«r«*ny, hoiwwr, tb* arie« bar littl« fluctuated. In Japan, it 1« d«cr«a»ad by 6 canta. In the otb«r »orda, th« prie« of IDI« waa - 74 - Tht expected deaand for LDPÈ up to 1973 «ill be lower than the «•trac« growth rat« for the five years fro« 1965 to 1970 in th« Mid four araae, but the demand «ill be increased by 14.49& par year und the total demand in the four areas vili reach 9.3 ai 11 ion tons in 1971). Proa the geographical point, the growth rate in Latin America is 2b.yl, the mu Ht reaarkable of all» which exceeds the annual average growth ratti during the five years froa 1965 - VJlo. SoutheHbt Abiti is Ano expected to continuously increase the deaand, ay, about by ivjL per year. Under these circuastances, each manufacturer is quit« interested in the expansion of ita production capacity as seen from Annex Q-2. Up to 1973, new installation* of 2B2.UA) t/y in North America, 110,000 t/y in Latin Aserio«, 1,966,000 t/y in W. Europe and 310,000 t/y in Southeast Asia are planned. To estimate the pricwn in I'fib i a vry difficult, but it oaa be said that Buch conaiderablc decrease in pricea as observed during the fiva ytur froa I9t>^ to 1/70 would not take placa. The decrease in price during the past fiv« years ia due aainly to the effect of scale merit by larger capacity of plant and rationalisation of production faciliti»» and circulation of product. However, considering that the c countermeasures have nearly arrived at an economic liait and alao in view of the inflation of production cost, there is a syaptoa that the price of LOR «ill either reaain at the present levai or go up rather than doa». (b) HO» HD« ia coapetitive with PP and PVC la aany fields and its demand ia not so high as LM*. The percentage of HSft for total polyethylene demand ia around 22 - 39*. Th« increase of HDP*: deaand froa 1965 to 1970 ia 22.5* in total of the said four areas as shown in Table IV-1, which indicates the considerable increase of HOPE in its own aarketing field in spite of the severe coapetltion with PP and PVC. Geographically, tht demand has considerably incraaaad by as high aa 21.7* in the aaaual averaga in Southeast Asia, followed by Ut in Amerio* of 21.49». - 75 - Tb« following table shows the end use pattern of HDH!. End UM Pattern ui' HOPE in USA, UK end Japan U97° Wm^i (Unit : 1,000 ton«) UE A UK ¿ABA i, on C°ttfrMM« Conawp. g blue Holding 2o3.0 V>.7 206.59 4ó.b 55.65 23.6 Injection Molding 137.0 ¿to.O 204.18 33.2 80.15 34.0 lipc ai.d Conduit 39.Ö 7.5 24.6 4.0 6.2 2.6 i'lbcr 3.¿ 0.6 33.21 *>.4 66.9 20.4 »ila »lid Sh«et 30.3 5.7 30.75 5.0 lb.64 7.1 voto 'olding 15.8 3.0 «¿ire una Cable 22. fc 4.3 3.2 i *lru: ion Coating U.8 2.2 ftibcollaneoua 2.6 10.44 4.3 Total 528.5 100 615 100 235.98 100 Source : K«f. 1, 2. 3. i'ii» aain conauaption of J1DPE i« for blow molding in UiJA and UK, occupying 50.7^ and 4t.b;' rcepactively, followed by inaction •olding of ¿b.OjL and 33.21« respectively. In Jaixtn sdv«r.uly, 34.05Í of HDFfc iti consuaed for injection aoldin^ end 23.6^ for blow Molding. In France and W. Garaany, the f«a* pattern i a observad as in Japan. This ia because that tha plastic botti« hair« not so widely spread ta in USA and UK. In «any countries, the u»«d milk botti« IH creating problea of solle wa«t« disposal, however, if plastics bottle ia »or« widely accept«*, HD« dcaand will b« further increased. The production capacity of MDft has increased 3.7 Use» froa 1965 to 1970 «ad will bacaae 2.9 aillion tons/y by the end of 1970. Annei Q-3 shows the present and planned capacities by HDFK Producers in the western countries. Ia the petrochaaical industrialisation prograaaw of developing countries, it ia general that tha LDPt is planned prior to MDfti. fro« this point, the plant capacities in Latin Aaarica and Southeaat Asia except Japan is on tha vary low level coapared with LÖPK. - 76 - Tb« following table coapares the recent prie«» of HDít with tboM of 1965. BPfS Prices in the Main Countrio« (Unit t ¿/lb) Countri«« A&¿ 1970 USA 25.0 18.0 UK 24.4 21.5 Injection Grade Japon* 21.6 17.5 (10 ton let«) «f. C«raany 31.? 25.1 Frane« 32.3 18.5 Italy 26.2 22.8 USA 25.0 18.0 Uà 26 21.6 letti« Grade Japan - - (10 ton lots) e*. G«raany 32.9 26.6 Frano« 32.1 19.3 Italy 29.0 22.9 * Avo rogo pi-io« of hiírti la Japan Sottro« t kef. 4 Tao prie«* hav« d«crfc*u*;d in oli the countries vita considerable éooroaao of «or« than 40# in Franco, in ev«n Knglaad where tao prie« io «aid to ce au tit «tabi«, tho prie« went down by 10 - 153*. tao front h roto of th« astiavate* Hûï« deaand in tao four aroaa up te 1975 is slow in coaparicon with that for th« five yvars froa 1965 to 1970, but it is still expected that th« deaand «ill bo iaereesed by about 14.6/* per y«sr in average, with particular •aphasis on Latin Americo where th« deaand is «xpoetod to increase by aor« than '50ji which would uciid the growth rate for th« five years froa 1965 to 1970. la Southeast Asia, too, the deaand will be still increased as high as 19* whil« in North Aaerics and V. Europe th« increase is expected about 12 - 13¿ in average. la USA and other developed countries, ai Ik bottles and other glass bottles are being changed froa glass to plasties. Presently ia U8A, about 5 - 8* of »ilk bottles are of MDif plastics, «lillips - 77 - > t • 1.0 '' ¡¿I IM ~"*~^"s *" lUâ j o 11111= I.I • m !^^= IIJJ_ — l III1-4 II1-6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU Of STANDARDS STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL 1010a lANSI ami ISO TEST CHART No ,'i Petroleum Co. forecasts that the figure of 5 - 8# will be increased to 25$ by 1973. In such was, the conversion of bottles from glass to plastics will be proceeded speedily, rfith regard to new installations or expansion of HDFÜ facilities, positive planning has been announced saine as LDPE. In Southeast Asia, the almost doubling of the capacity in 1970 wat; announced while planning new or additional lac; itiew for lti$, )00 t/y in W. rurope and l'or 190,000 t/y in Ui-;-. wat; announced. The price in iyVb will not be decreased to laiv extent bince scale merit and rationalization would be offset with the increase of cost by increase oí waget*. In USA, HÜPfc is being sold to big users at about 16 - 17 //lb. A director of Monsanto recently indicated that this price could be further reduced by 2 - 5 //lb. (c) VOM The raw material for VCM has been rapidly shifting from acetylene to EDO, as the ethylene price has been decreasing with the scale- up of ethylene production facilities. It is forecasted that Japan will completely shift the raw material to ÜDC by the end of 1971. The USA has already produced tàti/i of VCM through LÜC. In rf. Kurope, however, production of VCM through KDC accounts for only 55$. The VCM demand has rapidly increased. Fro« 19b5 to 1970 the demand increased at an annual rate of ju>, and in 1970 the demand is estimated to reach 5.1b million tons in the four areas as a whole. EDC prices are given in the following table. VCM Prices in Main Countries (Unit : i(/lb) &1& Countries 1965 1970 USA 8.00 5.00 Japan 8.00 7.00 HTC W. Germany 7.7 8.8 France n.a. 7.6 Italy 8.0 8.1 7h - The price in the USA has decreased from 8 (¿/lb to 5 ¿/lb and Japan showed 1 ¿/lb decrease between 1965 and 1970. On the other hand the prices in most countries of W. Europe showed slightly upward. The future demand lor VOM mainly depends upon the growth rate of the 1'VC demand. It is estimated that PVC demand will increase by 12$ during he next five years; and that VfJM will also show the same growth r¡.te, reaching 1Ü million tuns in 1975 in the four areas as a wK,ie. rfhereas shifting of raw material to EDO has nearly been completed in both the USA and Japan, shifting in W. Europe will reach 80$ in total vinyl chloride production for the next five years. (d) 1'VC 1'VC, paralleled with LDlt;, is a plastic having much demand. The demand is expected to reach about fj.ve million tons as a total of the said four areas in 1970. Geographically, as shown in Table 1V-1 the highest in the growth rate is Southeast Asia that is annual average of 22Í>t amounting to 1.2 million tons, followed by Latin America of 19.4$ amounting to 0.2 million tons and W. Europe of 1:5.2$ amounting to 2.19 million tons and North America of 9.9$ amounting to 1.4 million tons. FVC is a material very widely used for many things and the following table shows its end use pattern. In each country about 10$ is used for calendared sheet, wire and cable, flooring and pipe. The items which have shown the most significant increase for these several years are wire and cable, and flooring in USA, bottle and pipe in W. Europe, and sheet, and wire and cable in Japan. - 79 - Und Use Pattern of PVC in USA. UK and Japan (l9b9) (Unit : 1000 tone) M End ÜBE Consumption JL Film and sheet 272.2 22.8 Calendering flooring 127.0 10.7 Coating flooring ¿U.4 2.6 Paper and textile 4.).0 4.1 Protective and adhesive 40.8 3.4 Extrusión film and sheet b8.0 5.7 Wire and cable 17b. 9 14. ö Utht-r extruded products 190.5 16.0 Molding injection and blow 39.9 3.4 i'laatisol 56.7 4.8 Records 52.b 4.4 Miscellaneous 88.0 7.3 Total 1,192.0 100.0 j& End Use Consumption -2- Calendered sheet 2U.4 15.8 Fabric and paper coating 11.2 8.6 Flooring 14.6 11.3 Belting 2.3 1.7 Cables 19.9 15.1 Other extrusions 6.8 5.2 Dipping, slush molding and 5.2 3.5 solutions Footwear 5.2 3.5 Sheet and fila 5.7 4.3 Extrusions 26.9 20.3 Records 4.5 3.5 BottleB 1.8 1.5 Other injection molding 3.9 3.0 Miscellaneous 3.6 2.7 Total 132.2 100.0 - 80 - Japan En£ Use Si însumption JL Rigid Rigid plate 35.9 3.7 Corgated plate 74.5 7.8 Pipe 232.6 24.2 Fittings 20.0 2.1 Sheet Ö3.0 8.6 Rigid fu lume and /a itter 34.5 3.6 Other use 46.2 4.8 Flexible Film and sheet gene ral purpose 108.5 11.3 Film and sheet for agricultural 35.7 3.7 Leather 73.5 7.6 Extrusion 55.0 5.7 Other use 27.2 2.8 Others Wire and cable 94.1 9.5 Flooring 24.7 2.6 Fiber 12.2 1.3 Miscellaneous 6.2 0.7 Total 961.1 100.0 Source Kef. 1, 2, 3. The following table compares prices of PVC in the nain countries. PVC Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿/lb) Srade Countries 1915 Ì220 USA 24.00 24.00 UK 17.00 17.06 r grade Japan 21.60 17.50 tf. Oeraany 18.10 17.60 France - 15.00 Italy 16.17 17.10 - ai - Grade Countries 1965 1220 USA 16.00 14.00 UK 15.80 15.55 Purpose me eh. grade Japan 12.50 11.00 W. Germany 15.90 16.30 Prance 17.60 12.50 Italy 16.00 14.40 Source Kef. 4 Of all the th> nnoplaetics, PVC is a plastic which has showed least fluctuation in price for the past ixve years. In USA, UK and Italy, the pricfcb of paate forming grade have made no appreciable fluctuation, but in Japan the price went down from ¿1.60 ¿/lb. to 17.50 ¿/lb. The price of the purpose mech. grade went down in all countnee except W. Germany. The range of filling in price is ¿ - 3 ¿/lb. except 5.10 ¿/lb. in France. Liti le fluctuation in l'VC price is due inoetly to the rising of chlorine price as seen in the following table by the world wide shortage in chlorine caused by increase of PVC demand. Chlorine Price in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿Ab) Grade Countries 12á¿ W° USA 3.25 3.75 UK 3.20 3.45 Liquid fora Japan 3.21 3.46 4. Germany 2.90 3.50 France 3.10 3.40 Italy 3.60 3.80 Source : Ref. 4 For thie reason the PVC producers are making effort of reducing cost by either converting the raw material from acetylene to ethylene or using EDO Process or oxlchlorination process. - i'.¿ mm The increase in the future PVC demand may be lower than that for the five years from 1965 to 1970 but 12.2$ increase in annual average will be expected, amounting to 8.86 million tons as a total of the .said four areas by 1975. In each country, considerable increase in PVC bottles are equally seen. It is expected that beer bottles in Germany and wine bottles in Prance will be substituted with PVC. However, the solution of the problem of treatment of wasted PVC will be key to the de^lopment of PVC in this field. Most PVC manuiacturers are quite active in expansion of the facilities as shown in Annex Q-4. The price of PVC in the future will not be decreased unless chlorine shortage problem is aolved. In Europe and Japan, large size of electrolysis cells are being installed in a positive manner, however, this will not satir.fy all the demand and there is little possibility that chlorine price will decrease in the immediate future. The price of PVC will continue on the long side. (e) Styrene monomer Styrene monomer is an intermediate with a wide range of used as raw material for polystyrene, AK1 resin, SAH resin, styrene- butadiene copolymer, SBH, etc. During five years from 1965 to 1970 the demand for styrene monomer showed a high rate of increase of 17.1$ in the four areas, and over 20f> in areas other than North America. The following table gives end use pattern of styrene monomer in the USA, W. Europe, and Japan. End Use Pattern of Styrene Monomer in USA. W. Europe and Japan (Unit : *) USA W. Europe Japan Polystyrene 54.5 70.0 68.4 S BR 18.3 22.8 14.5 Polyester resin 6.0 0.8 5.7 ABS lb.2 5.2 9.9 Miscellaneous 5.0 1.2 1.5 - ui - Polystyrene predominates in 55 - 70$ of these areas, and SBR is in second place, ranging from 15 - 23$. The price trend for styrene monomer in the main countries is as follows: Styrene Monomer Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿/lb) fo'ftdy Countries 1965 1970 UiiA 8.00 ti. 00 UK 10.20 9.00 Polymer grade Japan 13.10 7.b0 W. Germany 13.20 9.20 France 10.00 8.10 Italy 10.20 11.00 The 1970 price in USA has been the same as in 19t»5, i.e., 8 ¿/lb. in Italy the price increased u.8¿/lb, whereas in the UK, Japan, W. Germany, and France the prices fell. Among them, Japan set a rocord of 429e reduction in price. The future demand for styrene monomer is expected to grow at a rate of 13$, and in 1975 it will reach 8.1 million tons. The growth rates will be lower in all these areas, as compared with five years between 1965 and 19/0; in North America the rate is estimated to be 7.4$, and the other three areas will range from 10 to 14$. Styrene is produced from high purity ethyl benzene, most of which is, in turn, obtained by alkylating benzene with ethylene. Therefore, price of styrene monomer is determined by the prices of ethylene and benzene. The ethylene price is unlikely to be lowered, because the scale-up merit has reached a limit, and because the main raw materials for ethylene, i.e., natural gas and naphtha, is unlikely to show a large reduction in price. Meanwhile, the benzene price is estimated to increase in the future, owing to the move to eliminate lead froa gasoline, - i.J4 - In view of the above price trends, and taking account of world wide inflation, it can be estimated that the styrene monomer price will either remain on the same level or increase. (f) Polystyrene Polystyrene demand has rapidly increased as other plastics. The total demand in the said four areas increased by 10.6$ in average for the five year.s from 1965 to 1970 and will reach 2.0 million tons in 1970. Geographically, the growth rate in Latin America and W. Europe is 11 - 14# while that in Southeast Asia is more than 30% which is almost double the increase in the other areas. The polystyrene end use pattern in the main countries is as follows. Because of the different ways of classification by countries, accurate comparison is difficult. In each country, however, polystyrene is mostly used for packaging with 48Í* in UK, 27'/ in USA and Ait'/' in Japan. The total existing polystyrene production capacity in the said four areas is about 2.9 million t/y. This is considerably over supply for the present demand. End Use Pattern of Polystyrene (GP Hi) in USA. UK and Japan (1969) (Unit : 1000 tons) US A End Use Consumption JL Combs, brushes, eyeglasses, etc. 15.9 2.1 Drain pipe 20.4 2.7 Foamed sheet 31.8 4.2 Furniture 36.3 4.8 Housewares 90.7 12.0 Lighting and sings 19.1 2.6 Major appliances 12.7 1.7 Monofilament 2.3 0.4 Packaging 204.1 27.0 Radio and TV 31.8 4.2 Refrigerators 29.5 4.0 Small appliances 10.9 1.5 Toys 108.9 14.4 Miscellaneous 137.4 18.4 Total 751.6 100 (%) Source : Ref. 2 - 8t> - U K End Use Consumption JL Packaging 55.0 48 Sheet, excluding packaging 8.0 7 Household and office appliances 7.0 6.25 Household and premium offer goods 13.0 11 Toys and novelties 12.3 10.5 Shoe heels 3.6 3 Light fittingb 2.6 2.5 Cisterns and bathroom accessories 3.9 3.5 Combs, brushes and trinkets 1.4 1.25 Miscellaneous e.o 7 Total 115.0 100.00 Source : Kef. 1 Japan tnd Use Consumption A. TV 13.8 6.2 Refrigerators 14.7 6.5 Had io 9.1 4.0 Other electric appliances 33.2 14.7 General machinery 14.6 6.6 Packaging 106.9 48.0 Toys 20.ó 9.3 Office appliances 11.0 4.7 100.00 Total 223.9 Source : Ref. 3 The following table compares the price of 1965 with that of 1970. In USA and w". Germany, there is no big change or slight increase in the price. In the other countries the prices went down by 20 - 30#. - 86 - Polystyrene Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿Ab) Grade Countries 1965 im USA 14.5 14.8 UK IB.7 13.5 General Crystal Japan - - (10 ton lots) W. Germany 17 18 France 17.1 13.5 Italy 16.7 13.7 USA 21 21 UK 2U 2Ü.5 High Impact Japan* 20. Ö 11.7 (10 ton lots) W. Germany 2^.b 25 France 24.1 lb.2 Italy 23.2 19.7 * The average price of GP and HI in Japan Source : Kef. 4 It is said in Ií:;A that the industry n« eds at least 15 ¿/lb. in flow cars for general purpose polystyrene to get a return on investment (Kef. b) and that polystyrene manufacturers are not gaining much profit. The anticipated growth rate of polystyrene up to 1975 is 9.3# as total in the said four areas, reaching 3.1 million t/y in 1975. The growth rate in North America, Latin America and W. Europe are 10$, 13# and 6$ respectively while that in Southeast Asia with Japan is still very high as 15.5K The new installation or expansion programs of polystyrene vary by each area at present. In West Europe, the active programs of new or additional 750,000 t/y polystyrene production has been announced. In North America and Southeast Asia, new or additional installation programs of 300,000 t/y and 84,000 t/y have been announced. The polystyrene price is maintaining 15 ¿/lb. for the past several years as stated previously and the price in the future is anticipated to fluctuate within the range of plus or minus 10# of 15 ¿/lb. - 87 - 2) Propylene Derivatives (a) PG The demand for Pü haß made a rapid growth with particular emphasis on the increase in polyester resin consumption. Table IV-1 shows that for the period of five years from 1965 to 1970 PG demand increased by aa much as 23.7$ as a total of the said four areas. Particularly in V. Europe the growth rate was remarkable and the demand is expected to arrive at 300,üüü tons by the end of 1970 which is as much as 5 timet, that of 19t>5. The growth rate in North America and Southeast Asia is also high at 11$ and 19$ respectively. The end use pattern of Pü is shown in the following table. End Use Pattern of PG (Unit : $) U.S.A. W. Kurope Japan Polyester Hesins 45.1 22.7 55.1 Cellophane 17.2 32.0 8.2 Plasticizers 5.6 21.4 - Cosmetics 12.7 16.0 28.2 Miscellaneous 19.4 7.9 8.5 In USA and Japan, 45 - 55$ of the total PG demand goes to polyester resins, however, in W. Europe 32$ goes to cellophane and 22$ to polyester resin. Today plastics is substituting cellophane and in the not distant future, PG will be used for polyester resin to a largest extent. The following table compares prices of PG in 1965 with those in 1970. PG Pricea in the Main Countries (Unit : Grade Countries lä£ 1970 USA 12.50 13.00 UK 14-50 12.96 Standard Japan 17.10 19.10 W. Germany 13.10 13.50 France 12.70 13.80 Italy 12.30 13.70 Source : Ref. 4 - 06 - Prom this table, in all countries except UK the prices increased by 0.5 ¿/lb tu 2 ¿/lb due to the world wide stringency of propylene supply. The propylene shortage is anticipated to continue and PÜ pricen will ki.'t-p the present level or will go up. The future demand for Pü will be increased by 10¡¿ on the stable basis supported by the expected raising of polyester resins demand. Geographically, in '«. Europe, the demand for PG shows a very rapid increase such as about }tfjt> in annual average for the five years from 1965 to I97O and is expected to enjoy a stable increase maintaining Tjd in the annual average. In USA, with thy increase of the polyester resin consumption, PG demand will be increased by about 12$ which will «lightly exceed the demand for the past five years. In Latin America and Southeast Asia the growth rate would be in the range of lb - Vii. (b) Acrylonitrile Acryloni trile demand has shown such a big increase ar, high as ¿2'Jo in annual average supported by the high consumption of acrilic fiber. The increase in W. fciurope is bO'fi that is the highest of all areas with ^00,000 tons of consumption being expected in 1'flO. The growth in Southeast Asia is also remarkable with the growth rate of 22.5'/ in average fur the past five years, reaching 416,000 tons by the end of in 1970. The end use pattern of acrylonitrile is shown in the following table. End Use Pattern of Acrylonitrile in USA. W. Europe and Japan (Unit : i) USA W. Europe Japan i'iber 04.5 77.5 73.Ö Plastics 14.0 15.5 11.0 Rubber 6.8 6.2 2.9 Others 14.8 0.8 12.3 Source : Ref. 3 , 6, 7. - ii'-i In each country, G5 - 78$ of acrylonitrile is used for fiber, followed by plastic for which 11 - 16$ of acrylonitrile is used. Recently, in cupe with the increasing acrylic fiber consumption, construction oi acrylonitrile production pianta are being mashroomed. In W. Europe, ne M installations or expansions were made up to 1.1 million t/y oi acrylonitrile from last year and further, 596,000 t/y of additional installations by 1973 were announced. The following tabii comparus the acrylonitrile prices in the main countries. Acrylonitrile Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿/lb) Countries 196i> 1970 USA 17.00 14-50 UK 16.50 14.13 Acrylonitrile Japan 20.60 13.20 HTC W. Germany 19.BO 24.40 France 22.60 15.50 Italy 21.10 19.70 bouree : Hef. 4 In W. Otrmany, the price went up from 19.80 ¿/lb to 24.40 ¿/lb. In the other countries the prices went down. Particularly, in Japan and France, the prices went down by more than 30$ and in UK by about 14$. With the development of ¡¿Ohio Process, the raw materials for acrylonitrile production has been changed from acetylene- hydrogen cyanede to propylene-ammonia of low cost. This change in the raw material has made a contribution to the production of acrylonitrile in low cost. The forecast of the future demand for acrylonitrile depends, to a large extent, on the increase of consumption of acrylic fiber for which acrylonitrile is mainly used. As shown in the following table, acrylic fiber demand in 1975 is expected to increase by 10.5$ in North America, 22.8$ in Latin America, 15.0$ in W. Europe and 12.0$ in Southeast Asia. - yo - Forecast of Acrylic Fiber Demand (Unit : 1,000 tona) Annual Average Growth Rate 1%1 1970 1975 1^5-1970 1970-1975 North America 82 121 200 20.8 10.5 Latin America 4 25 70 44.4 22.8 W. iviropf 120 240 480 14.9 15.0 Southeast Asia 84 239 420 23.2 12.0 Total 290 625 1,170 11.5 13.4 Influenced by such high increase of acrylic fiber, acrylonitrile demand is also expected to increase at the rate close to acrylic fiber. In other words, acrylonitrile demand will be increase by 14.3$. (¿«ographically, the increase in Latin America is the highest by 25'A, but the quantity is very small such as 67,000 tons. In North America, W. Europe and Southeast Asia, the growth rate is 11%, lis}i and 13%, amounting to 860,000 tons, 1.15 million tons and 7t>2,000 tons, respectively. The acrylonitrile price in the future is anticipated to maintain the present level or to go up by the following reasons: (1) Similar to the other petrochemical products, it will have influence of cost push by raising wages. (2) Because of the anticipated world wide shortage in propylene of raw material, no decrease in price is expected. (3) It is conceivable that decreasing returns on the N. content of fertilizers due to increasing competition in that market could have the effect of raising prices for industrial ammonia (Ref. 8). - 01 - (c) Acrylic Fibers Acrylic fiber technolo^ was first introduced in 1948, however at the initial stages dyeing and other problems held back appreciable market development. Later, when such problems were solved, arid when improvements in the strength of acrylic fibers and lib excellent resistance to moisture, moths, mildew, and détériorât ion caused by chlorine and sunlight were commonly realized, the demand for acrylic fiber, recorded a sharp increase, During lybb - 1970 the demand has beer, increasing at an annual average rate of Ib.'jjí in the total four areas. The following table give« end use patterns of acrylic fibers in USA. bind Ht.e 1'atterns of Acrylic Fibers in USA (Unit : fi) Carpet« and rugs 40.6 Seaters 20.0 Knit products (e.g., sweaters) 14*2 Pile fabrics 9.9 Broad woven goods 7.0 Blanket:-; 4.8 Miscellaneous 3.5 Total 100.0 Source : Ref. 11 Acrylic fibers also have so diversified deniers and uses which are different with respect to countries, precise comparison is almost impossible. The following table gives a few examples of acrylic fiber prices in the USA, UK, and Japan. Acrylic Fiber Prices in USA. UK. and Japan (Unit : ¿/lb) USA UK Japan 1.5-3 deniers 89 80 49-53 - 92 - Future demand for acrylic fiber is estimated to t;ruw at an annual rate oi' Ili, reaching 1.04 million tont; m the total four area*. Ol tne four areas, w. Europe has an outstanding increase in demand, and is estimated to grow at the same rate as in the past five years. (d) PP .'P which made a ^ay ohut as a fiber with most ideal property was not widely acct, cd for fiber due mainly to poor dyeability. Rather it ha., ¿crown lor plastics in spite of line material, it was questionable in me initial stage, that du« to poor dyeability and difficulty in processing PP would take some share competing with HUPP and PVJ. However, with the improvement in processing technique and appraisal of excellence of material, PP hau shown a rapid growth since iyc4 and the growth rate was remarkably high, showing 37% increase m average aa a total of the said four areas from the period of ljub through 197U. In Japan, Mitsubishi Petrochemical Co., i-umiioino Chemical Co. and Mitsui Petrochemical Ind. introduced Montecatini's technique at the one same time, followed by Chisso Co. which introduced Avisan's technique, whereby they made a great contribution to the marvelous growth of higher than 54% for the l five years from 19o j to 1J7U. in North America and W. Europe, too, large increase such as 27% and 32%, respectively, in annual average is expected for these five years. The end use pattern of PP is shown in the following table. I'lnd Use Pattern of PP in USA, UK and Japan (1970 Estimate) (Unit : 1000 tons) USA UK Japan End Use Conaump. % ConBump. jo Consumo. % Injection and 221.0 54.9 47.5 50.0 27.5 48.3 blow molding Film 4b.5 12.0 14.3 15.0 15.7 27.3 Fibers 119.0 29-6 29.1 30.6 12.5 21.9 Sheet and pipe 9.1 2.3 3.0 3.2 n.a. n.a. Miscellaneous 5.9 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.5 Total 403.5 100 95.0 100 57.0 100 Source : Ref. 4 From this table, pp is used for injection molding to a extent of bO/¿, then for fiber and filament of about 3C//. Annex Q - ü uhows PP producers with the present and planned capacities in the western world. The PP prices* are shown in the following table. During the past five year.s, ir price« in all the countries except W. Germany hap been decreat-ed. PP Prices in th.. Mam Countr ( Unit : ¿/lb) ii£M£ Counir let; 1^ 197Ü UoA ¿f'..(j 21.U Uk ¿7.4 24.2 General Purpose Japan* ¿2.7 13.4 (10 ton lota) y. Germany -¿•9 36.2 Prance 20.4 Il»ly 2l;.4 22. ti * injection Grade Source : Hi f. 4 The IP demand in the four areas is expected to coneiderably increase in the future with the increase by 1M. 11,.', amounting to 3.3 million tons in 1975. Geographically, Southeast Aria iQ expected about 20/. growth, followed by A. Kurcpe of 23.0/ both of which are on the high level. The JP price may go down in the future since the Pi' price is rather high compared with other polyolefine resin although the world wide stringency of propylene is anticipated. - ')4 - 3) Butaidene Derivatives (a) SBR Consumption oí' synthetic rubber in the world has made a stable increase at the level of 7.2% in the annual average shown in the following table. (Unit : 100( Natural Synthetic Rat io of Year Total Kubber Rubber Syn thetic Rubber I960 3,boM 2,065 1,803 4b.6 61 4,04 J 2,128 1,913 47.4 62 A,y)'j 2,220 2,173 49.5 , 63 4,vj i 2,230 2,365 51.5 64 6,005 ¿, 260 2,743 54.8 b5 5,>u 2,3HO 2,988 55.7 66 5,01-5 2,545 3,268 56.2 67 5,815 2,467 3.34Ö 57.6 68 6,bf.5 2,790 3,893 58.3 69* 7,loo 2,850 4,310 59.0 70* 7,470 2,900 4,570 61.2 * Kstimute. Source : Kef . 4 Synthetic rubber outdid natural rubber in its consumption for the first time in 1963 and the share of synthetic rubbers is expected to increase year by year and will occupy the share of 61.2% by the end of 1970. Of all the synthetic rubbers, SBR has the biggest share and m each country the share is more than 60%. While in North America and West Kurope the demand is now stable with about 4$ of the average growth rate for the past five years, in Latin America and Southeast Asia, high level of increase such as 13.2/6 and 24.9%, respectively, is observed. SBR has various uses such as tires, tubes, shoes, wire and cables, belts, etc. As Bhown in the following table, tires and tubes alona have the share of nearly 70 - 80%. - 'i5 - End Use Pattern of SBR in USA, UK and Japan (1969) (Unit : 1000 tona) USA M Japan consump. í> Knd Use Coneuap. jL Consump. _#__ 120 82 For tire 456 bH 50 75 26 18 For non tire 216 32 17 ¿*> 146 100 Total o74 100 67 100 The prices of SBK are shown in the following table. SBR Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿/lb) Grade Countries 19J¿ USA 2 5.00 23-00 ¿1.80 18.00 1^00 grade UK Japan ¿7.00 25.30 W. Germany 22.20 19.30 France 20.00 17.00 Italy 1^.80 20.40 USA 17.75 17.75 1712 grade UK 17.70 14.75 Japan 21.20 20.40 W. Germany 18.10 15.50 France 15.60 13.50 Italy 15.00 15.60 Source : Kef. 4 In USA, the prices of both 1500 grade and 1712 grade remain unchanged at 23 ¿/lb. and 17.75 ¿/lb. for the past five years, In Italy, the prices in 1970 are 20.40 ¿/lb. and 15.60 ¿/lb. for both grade respectively with the increase of each 0.60 ¿/lb. from 1965, however, in UK, West Germany and France, . the decrease of about 13 - 17* for 1500 grade and 1712 grade are recorded. 96 - The future demand for S BR depends on the increase of tire for which S BR is mainly used. In USA, no large increase of automobile production ìB expected in the future. With this the increase of tire production is not much expected. Accordingly, the growth rate will be about 2.6$ which will be under the annual average growth rate for the past five years. In Europe, however, with the expected increase of automobile production, the growth rate of SBtt would be about 4.3#. In Southeast Asia with Japan as a leading country, the growth rate would be aore than 11.9#. .. - 97 - 4) Aromatice Derivative. (a) Maleic Anhydride Maleic anhydride is a basic chemical product as a unsaturated bibasic acid and with many chemical reactions it has various uses. The quantity used is not so high and the demand in North America and W. Europe in 1%5 was each 60,000 tons and even the total of the said four areas is not more than 130,000 tons. At that time, the production of maleic anhydride was surplus world wide and effort was concentrated to the development of new market. Owing to this efforts, the variety of uses as today were developed J aa shown in the following table. Hnd Use Pattern of Maleic Anhydride uu JL Unaaturated polyester resins 50 Fumarie acid 18 Alkyl resins 5 Agricultural chemicals 10 Copolymers Miscellaneous 17 Total 100 wSPan Unsaturated polyester resins 52.3 Sizing 8.0 Stabiliser 3.2 Foods 3.6 Paint and ink 3.3 Agricultural chemicals 3.6 Miscellaneous 15.6 THF 9.6 Total 100 Source : Raf. 6, 3> - 9H - With the recent rapid increase of unsaturated polyester resins, maleic anhydride al»u made rapid growth in consumption and the growth rate is IH.4/ HI- a total of the said four area» for the period of five year.; from I Job to 1970, which ib presenting world wide r.hortag • problemi.. To solve the shortage problem, each manufacturer !.«s announced ita expansion programs. Annex Q-10 shows new or fiditi.onal installation of 38,000 t/y in North America, 72,000 t/y in *'. I-urope and ib.000 t/y in Southeast Acia with the capacity of one unit ranging from 20,000 t/y - 30,000 t/y. The capacity of one unit in becoming larger. The following table : hows prices of maleic anhydride in the main countries. (Unit : ¿Ab) Countries l'jb1? MO USA 14. *) 17.00 UK 13.70 IB. 14 10 ton lots Japan 18.20 19.70 W. Germany 10.40 1M.60 France 11.10 18.40 Italy 11.90 27.50 Source : Kef. 4 from the above table, the price« are increasing in each countries. In Italy, price went up 2.3 times and in rf. Germany and France by 70 - MU#. In Japan and USA where the prices are said to be relatively stabiized, the increase by M,í and ITjL respectively are observed. The future demand for maleic anhydride is promising since the demand for unsaturated polyester resins is expected to increase by 12 - 20$ in annual average in Japan and USA and tetrahydrofuran which is a raw material for Nylon 4 appeared in new field of maleic anhydride demand. As shown in Table IV-1 the expected growth rate of maleic anhydride in 1975 is 10.3# in North America, 12.1$ in W. Europe and 24.3'/¿ in Southeast Asia. - ')') - The price of maleic anhydride is still continuing to go up due to aerious product shortage. The demand and supply is said not to be balanced until 1972 and the tendency of the rai8ing price will further continuo. However the price by 1975 will go down as same level aa that of l%b- (b) Alkylbenstem- Sinu« alkylbonzen« made a debut as raw material for synthetic dfcUiyent afUr the World War 11 and ita demand increased conaioVrably with the rapid increase of uynthetic detergent. The official Btatis-ticr, of determent consumption in the world is not published oach year. The report of Henkel Company in West Germany about production, consumption of detergent in 120 countries issued in 19bb indicates that the total consumption in the world would reach 5.88 million tons by 1966 as shown in the following table. World iToauciion ù ^UllaUiUt'Itivu w* (Unit : 1CKX Per Capita Production Consumption Consumption 11.7 North America 2,567.5 2,539.6 Latin America 81.6 85.3 0.5 1.4 Central America 95.0 100.8 5.8 tf. Europe 1,99?.1 1,897.1 1.6 E. Europe 566.8 568.2 506.2 0.3 Asia 500.3 0.4 Africa 88.0 116.4 4.8 Oceania 65.8 68.5 Total 5,957.1 5,882.1 - 100 - The consumption of detergent in the world is said to be increasing by 6 - Tp each year. Ba3ed on the Henkel's report, the de toreent consumption in 1970 in the world would be about 7.5 million toiiu. I'his considerable amount of synthetic determent conauaiption hat created a problem of pollution of river and underground water aiti.;« hard type determent used at h< . ¿> ¡.s poured into draina,, and rivers without being desolvcd by vactena, causing the low. ring of the function of the drainage treatment. To remedy this problem, a biodegradable lmiar alkylbenzene sulphonatea (LA; ) wab developed and tetrapropyl benzene sulphonatee (AHfci) IB being actively converted to LAS in the main countries. In UK, a committee way established in 19^3 at the Government's request and after many étudie» the conversion to LAS was made. In Wetit Germany, a regulation was set up in October, iyc4, whereby biodegradable detergent of more than 80?£ by the biodegradable teat authorized by the regulation can only be sold. In USA stipulated by the legislation in '«f. Germany, the industry voluntary converted the detergent from hard type to soft type after July 1, 1965- In Japan, the conversion to soft type was started in 1966. Today, in UK, W. Germany, USA and Japan, the conversion to soft type detergent has been completed, but in Italy and France, both hard and soft type detergents are being ueed. In a world wide sentie, it is assumed that about 6t>^ of the synthetic detergent is of soft type with the remaining 3ü>¡¡t> being of hard type. Recently, higher alcohol and (X. -olefin other than LAB are considered as raw material to which attention is being paid. Particularly, the development of technique for the production of higher alcohol is progressing and the production from petroleum has now been commercially proven which has made it possible to supply higher alcohol as a raw material in a relatively low prioe. - 101 - Table IV-1 uhows the estimated alkylbenzene demand in the said four aroas in l/i'U. The estimated demand in 1^70 ie 240,000 tons in North America, il'V.uOO tons in Latin Amtrica, 410,000 tonB in W. Kur^p^ and 1)4,000 tons in Southeast Asia. While, in North America, aikyU>enzene is 100¡¿ LAS, in Latin America lu/ LAS, in W. . urope 7ìA> and in Southeast Asia ú7#. The following table uhotfs alkylbenzene prices in the main countries. Alkylt.e-.zene Pr ce;; in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿/lb) (¿rade. Countries 1965 197U IK. A 9.75 - UK 7.b0 - Hard Type Japan 15.20 11.40 bulk purchase W. Germany 9.90 9.50 France 7.30 b.90 Italy 8.00 9.90 USA - 10.50 UK - - Soft Type Japan - 15.10 bulk purchase W. Germany - 13.80 France - - Italy - - Source Kef. 4 In USA and UK, a hard typ« detergent is not being sold and the prices are not shown in fcCN Price Table. The present prices in W«Bt Germany and France are lower by 0.4 ¿/lb. than those in 19b5» however, the price in Italy is higher by 1.90 ¿/lb. than 19b5. Since the marketing of BOft type detergent was begun around 1965, the prices are not shown in EGN Price Table. The prices in 1970 shown in the ECK Price Table are only those in USA and UK, but the prices may be in order of 10 - 14 ¿/lb. in other countries. - 102 - The increase in alkylbenzene demand in the future du pends on the increase of synthetic detergent, conversion of the detergent of hard type to »eft type, and the development of higher alcohol and # -olefin, 'i'ho increase of synthetic detergent is expected to be stable at Uio rate 5 - b'fi. As a raw material of this synthetic detergent, either Abu, LAS, higher alcohol or A -olefins are asea. Kr oui tu- fact . *at in North America and most European countries and Japan the conversion of hard type synthetic detergent to soft type hat» been coo,, leted or in progress. As the t ;.dency of using soft type detergent in the developing countries will be anticipated to uecoo*. more prominent from around 1975. AbS demand will be decreased. Therefore, a raw material of synthetic detergent will be »elected fro* LAS, QL -olefin or higher alcohol. Uinerally, LA;, ha:> mure advantage in price. Higher alcohol is mild to skin bucau.se of hi^h biodegradability and will be more used as home synthetic detergent. From the above discussion, in North America and W. Europe the increase of synthetic detergent derived from higher alcohol is expected while demand for alkylbenzene will increase at the low level. In Latin America and Southeast Asia, however, alkylbenzene will be more used for its low prices. The demand for alk^ioenzene in Latin America is expected to increase by about lOji in annual average, amounting to 205,00o tons in 1975- As for the Southeast Asia, though Japan, the leading country in this area, will convert to higher alcohol in some portion, the total demand in Southeast Asia is estimated 250,000 tons, which is 12* per year, in 1975. (c) Caprolactum Polyamide fibers with caprolactum as the raw materials (Nylon 6), was first commercialized in West Germany in the early 1940s. Since then, Nylon b production has marked rapid increar.es in W. Germany, Japan, Italy, and the Netherlands. Krom 1965 to 1970 the caprolactum demand marked a sharp increase of 19*, and the demand in 1970 is estimated to reach total 1.3 million tons in the four areas. - 105 - The caprolactam prices in 1965 are compared to those in 1970 in the following table. (1(Unit : ¿/lb) I2& IH Uí;A 41.00 24. W UK n.a. n.a. t'rake, bag. Japan 52.50 lei. 70 W. (Jermany n.a. n.a. France n.a. n.a. Italy n.a. n.a. Source : Kef. 4 Caprolactam prices in European countries are unknown, for the prices are not given in the F.ON Price Table. The price in the UBA was 41.00 ¿/lb m l'jt/>, sharply fell to ?4.i>0 ¿/lb in ij70. Likewise, in Japan, a considerable decrease from ^2.'^ to 10.70 ¿/lb was recorded in thu same pie ri od. Future demand for ca¡»rolactam is strictly dependent upon Nylon 6 demand. Previously it was believed that the share of Nylon 6b exceeded that of Nylon i>, but recent estimates show that Nylon 6 accounted for nearly rjO>¿. As given in Table IV-1, it has been forecasted that the demand for total polyamide fibers will increase by 11. />. Growth rate for caprolactam is also estimated to come close to 12.2$, with the demand reaching 2.2 million tons in the four areas as a whole. Future prices of caprolactam will generally be upward, since the price of benzene, the raw material, will either remaining on the same level or increasing. (d) Polyamide Fiber Since the development of nylon by E. I du Pont de Nemours & Company in iy'59 as the first noncellulosic fiber, the demand has made a rapid increase. Ii spite of the recent high competition with polyester fiber and acrylic fiber, nylon is still enjoying its largest share as shown in the following table. 104 - World Consumption of Synthetic Fiber (Unit : Million tons) 1969 Consumption Share Polyamide fiber 1.8 40.9 Polyester fiber 1.4 31.8 Acrylic fiber Ü.9 20.4 Other synthetic fibers 0.3 fa.9 Total 4.4 100.0 Polyamide fibers are made from long chain polymers in which receiving amidt ¿roups (- CONH -) form an integral part of the main polymer chain. They are widely known by the generic term "nylon". There are many kind of polyamide fibers as shown in the following table. The Tyw of Nylon ¿c Developed Companies Type Developed Companies law Material Nylon bb Du Pont (USA) Adipic acid hexamethylene-diamine Nylon b Prof. P. Schlach Caproactam (irf. Germany) Nylon 11 Aquitaina-Organico 11-aminoundecanoic (France) acid Nylon 610 Du Pont (USA) Hexamethylenediamin sebacie acid Nylon 4 Mmesota Mining ft 2-pyrrolidone Mtb. ¡Jo. GAF Corporation ICI America, Inc. (USA) Nylon 7 USSR 7-aminoheptanoic acid Besides those indicated above, there are many types of nylons such as Nylon 12, Nylon 3, Nylon 8 and MXD-6 although they have not been commercially proved yet. - 105 - Of all nylons, Nylon 66 and Nylon 6 have overwhelmingly large share. At present, demand for Nylon 66 exceeds Nylon 6 in USA, UK and France and vice versa in W. Germany, Japan, Italy and Netherlands. The demand and capacity of Polyamide fiber in Table IV-1 include ail these nylons. The total demand in the said four- areas for the five years from 1965 to 1970 is more than 15> in annual average and is expected to reach 1.87 million tons by the end of 1970. Geographically, W. Europe, increase of 17.VX in annual average is observed. North America is the biggeal market for W. Europe. The following table shows end use pattern of polyamide fiber in USA. bind Ut¿t¿ lattern of Polyamide Fiber in USA Tire Cord 28.5# Apparel 26.1 Home Furniuh ings 27.3 Industrial U^ea 8.2 Other Conuuwtr Product 7.9 Tire cord, apparel and home furnishings are on the nearly same line at about P8# in the end use. The end use pattern in W. Europe is not known, but the share of tire cord is much lower than USA and the share of apparel and home furnishings is higher. The prices o¿ Nylon 66 and Nylon 6 in the main countries in 1965 and 1970 are shown in the following table. Nylon Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : ¿/lb) Grade Countries 1965 1220 USA 90.00 90.00 Nylon 6 UK 80.50 63.00 general purpose Japan 82.00 63.00 (10 ton lots) W. Germany 87.70 96.10 France 89.80 61.30 Italy 78.40 59.20 - 106 - Grade Countries 1965 1970 USA 90.00 90.00 Nylon 6b UK 80.50 65.00 general purpose Japan - - (10 ton lots) W. Germany 93.50 102.30 ¿ranee 101.80 91.60 Italy 7b. 20 70.00 * Average price of polyamide fiber in Japan Sourci. : Kef. 4 From the above table, the prices of Nylon oo and Nylon 6 in USA has not changed at the level of 90 ¿/lb. In W. Germany the prices of both Nylon òb and Nylon t> increased by about 9$ from iyo5 and in the other main countries, prices have all decreased; that is, decrease by ¿0¡í for both Nylon b6 and Nylon b in UK and by 31.tt/¿ for Nylon bb and 10.2$ for Nylon 6 in France, and by 24.0'X for Nylon b and 8.2# for Nylon 6b in Italy. The expected growth rate of polyamide fiber is stable at 11.7$ as a total of the said four areas, reaching 3.25 million tons by 1975. Geographically, the increase in Latin America and Southeast •sia is expected prominent such as 23^ and 17^, respectively. The increase in North America and tf. Europe is also expected stable at 9#, reaching 1.2 million tons and 1.1 million tons, respectively. Annex Q - 13 shows the new and additional installations. At this moment, the installations in North America are unexpectedly low. This is because of 222,000 t/y of new or additional installations already made in 1970. In W. Europe, the plan of only 69i000 tons are announced. They are not much interested in the expansion in W. Europe and Southeast Asia by the fact that they want to delay their plan for the next time due mainly to the recent regulation problem of fiber import by USA. - 107 - (e) TDI Approximately 90# of TDI is used for the manufacture of urethane foam. Accordingly, the demand for TDi is largely dependent upon the demand for foam. As can be seen in the table below, the demand for polyurethane foam marked rapid growth rates during the past five years; 14.3!* in the USA and 17.3# in W. Europe. Demand for Urethane in UFA and tf. Europe (Unit : 1,000 tons) USA V. fcurope 1965 19J0 1965 1220 Flexible foam 100 230 144 290 Rigid foam 38 91 17 60 Surface coatings 12 21 12 28 Solid elastomers b 11 4 12 Sealant» 4 b - - Fibers 3 4 7 9 Miscellaneous 19 > 3 Total 182 374 181 400 Source : Kef. 11, 6 With the increase in the urethane demand, the TDI demand also increased rapidly. During five years from 1965 to 1970 the rate of increase was 13.8$ in North America, 17.b# in W. Europe, and 20.6$ in Southeast Asia, respectively. The demand in Latin America is unknown, due to inavailability of statistical data. The TDI prices in the main countries are as follows: TDI Prices in the Main Countries (Unit : il\ Grade Countries 1965 1970 USA 65.0 37.0 TDI 80# UK 51.3 37.1 Japan 20.2 17.2 W. Germany 47.6 41.8 2,4-isomer France 45.3 38.7 Italy 50.8 34.3 - 108 - The prices for 1970 represent a large fall over 1965 in countries other than Japan. However, TDI has been running short for the last two years everywhere in the world because of the rise in the Polyurethane demand, and hence the price trend is upward. As mentioned before, future demand for TDI largely depends upon the demand for polyurethane. In light of Modern Plastics, future demand l'or pulyurethane loam is oased on the anticipation that demand wall grow at an annual rate of lli*6, as seen in the table below. A Japanese institute estimates that the annual average rate of increase in the demand for polyurethane foam in Japan will be ¿¿i>. Thus, anticipation is that demand for polyurethane foam will considerably increase. Demand for Polyurethane í'oam in USA (Unit : 1,000 tons) 1970 ^m 19Ö0 Flexible foam Ilo lyb 303 Rigid foam 45 80 128 Total Ibi 27b 431 Accordingly, a similar rate of increase can be anticipated for the TDI demand. The demand is estimated to be 17.256 in North America, lt.i/i m W. Europe, and 23.1# in Southeast Asia, respectively, with the total demand reaching 585,000 tons in 1975 in the four areas as whole. i\iture TDI price will be affected to some extent by the price of toluene, the raw material for Tßi, because amount of toluene mixed with gasoline is increasing, and toluene prices will enjoy an upward trend due to this mixing use. - 109 - (f) DMT DMT is derived from terephthalic acid by esterification with methanol. A greater part of DMT is used to make polyethylene terephthalate, the polymer from which polyester fibers and films are formed, i'n« DKV demand, therefore, is always in parallel with the polye, u,r fiber demand. As will be described later, the polyester fiur demand in the total four areas during five years from lyo3 ,o 1970 showed an annual rate of increase of 2b£. In Une with thU. rate, an increase of the DMT demand was 26*. The demand is estimated to reach 1.79 million tons in 1970 m the total four areas. The DMT price is ..ot given in the price table in "European ¿nemicai News» or "Oil. Paint and Drug Heourter", therefore, ,,riCU caparison uy country is impossible. At present, DMT is reportedly on sales at a price of 13 - 17 cents per pound in the UoA and 20 - 23 cents in Japan. It is estimated that future demand for DMT will grow at a rate of 17/ - Kimilar rate to that in the polyester fiber demand - and will reach 3.82 million tons in 1973 in the total four areas. DMT producers are now actively working on plans for new construction and expansion of equipment, in answer to the strong demand for polyester fibers. In the USA, Amoco Chemical and Hercules have announced their expansion plans to produce a total of 110,000 tons of DMT annually. Du Pont and Eastman have already decided expansion of polyester fiber equipment, so that plans will soon follow on the expansion of DMT equipment. in Europe, Hoechst announced plans to construct a 43,000 t/y plant in W. Germany and a 84,000 t/y plant in the Netherlands, aiming at completion in 1972. ICI is planning on construction of a new plant at a cost of $24 million. Thus, Europe as a whole will have capacity of 1 million tone per year by 1973- - 110 - à (g) Polyester ttber Since the original patente on polyester fibers have expired in moat countries, the original producers - ICI and Du Pont - have been joined by many other companies. This is partly beca.ye of the strong demand for polyester fibers and partly because of ita fierce competition with other synthetics in nearly all uiliic markets. During five years from 1965 to 197Ü the total dciiiund in the four areas has increased at an annual average rate of 26.b#, marking the highest rate among the three major synthetic fibers. Polyester fiber is divided into U:> forms - staple and filament yarn. Staple is generally combined with other materials into a polyester/cotton, polyesur/wool, or ,olyester/rayon blend, to take advantages of such qualities imparted by the polyester as abrasion resistance and wrinkle resistance. The latter, filament yarn, is mostly used in knit goods (particularly textile yarn) and in tire cord. The following table gives end use pattern of polyester fiber in U;iA. Kiid Use Pattern of Polyester Fibers in USA (Unit : i) broadwoven apparel and home furnishings 44.5 Bed sheets 7.1 Carpeta and rugs ^.2 Jersey and other knits ••& * Double knits 5«2 Industrial use 2,7 fiberfill 2*9 Miscellaneous ^ Staple total 75.4 Tire cord H*0 Textile yarn ll-° Industrial use 2>1 Carpets °*5 Filament yarn total 24.6 Total 100'° - Ill - Polyester fibers are made in a large and changing variety of deniers number of filaments per multifilament yarn and grades by countries. This makes it difficult to compare the prices and follow up tht; price history. The following table gives some examples of polyester fiber prices that are comparable in USA, UK and Japan. Polyester Fiber Prices in USA. UK and Japan (Unit : ¿/lb) ir.A Uh Japan Filament 50 déniera 180-185 150 161-164 100 déniera 163-168 140 145-151 staple 61-65 b¿-67 54-62 11 is estimated that future demand for polye^t^r fibers will mark the highest growth of all three major synthetic fibers, so that in 1975 polyester demand may catch up with that of polyamide. For the total four areas the demand is estimated to grow at an annual average rate of 17.^9^ by 1975. reaching 5.1} million tons. Now construction or expansion program» now announced are given in Table Q-14, which indicates 285,000 t/y in USA and 210,000 t/y in W. Europe. - 112 2. Customs Barrier8 ana Other Regulations l) GATT Almost alL ccaiitrie¿; have customs to protect their domestic industries) and tu maintain the financial income and ualance of payment, ïûC cu.iioiub policy is based on tariff autonomy *nd the ou:.t ¡,uo ..yi^'.u and tariff rates differ by each country which are very clou, . y related to the nations economic and diplomatic polices. In the ¿ux-id io.no ui lyíü'e, each nation took policy of higher tariff, alloca Lion uf import material and exchange control to maintain the nation., employment level. This policy Jeu to the raiüij.g of proLev.tiw.M f-iu, which creai« d the interruption of the development of the international trade with the de pre tun on grown. From thifc bitter e*pi-r lence, the first tariff negotiation was held m Geneve in i'^4 / and GATT (The General Agreement ol Tariff and trade) waa draftei and came into effect on January 1, 1948. GAIï li. to provide a framework within which negotiations can be held for the reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers and for uiibudying the rebuits of these negotiations in a le^al iribtrument. In accordance with the fundamental principles of GATT, an main negotiating sessions were held. The negotiating aessiüi. in 1964 - 19b7, üo-called "Kennedy Hound" was the most significant one that has been held. In this Kennedy Hound sension, it was promised that tariff be reduced by bOjb for the period of five years up to 1972 and each nation is now the procees of the reduction of tariff. Two procedures are being considered for the reduction of tariff. a) To reduce tariff on January 1, 1968 by 20)i> of the difference between the standard tariff rate and the final concession rate and to continue to make reduction by 20)& on January 1 of each year up to 1972. Australia, Austria, Canada, Chile, Ireland, New Zealand, Peru, Portugal, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey, USA and Yugoslavia are. - 113 - b) To reduce the tariff on July 1, 1968 by 40$ of the difference ut twee n th.; ..¡.a.idara tariff rate and final conceas von rate and then to raak.; reduction by 2(J& on January 1 of each year fr.»;ii lyyo ¡.i' I'Í/L . Th« following nations are taking this ca:,. . Cütíchu: iovtiKia, Denmark, KhlC (6 countries), Finland, i.i i.-.;iui, Isw;, JHJ.HU, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Trinidad and U'Oiifjo arm UK. It ..a i-.iid thttt ih- tariff concessions agreed upon involved over t<\o Mil ion in indiai Louai trade and t>0,UÜü different commodities and thai, the countries which directly part ici pa ted in the negotiations r« pif, ;.t d appruxin,. i. ¡y Mi.'*' of total world trade. At the General í'e:(¡-iOi. la Autumn <•] \-öl, trie policy of i. l) trade oí industrial material, [?) traili . t «rr i cui turai products and (i.) the development of teil.', of the d.'Vi J ' ¡.ìriK countries han been decided. Presently, a mea: un to further i i wove the tariff burners after the complete t-xmiiil. luti of the Kennedy hound and also to take off or reduce the trade harriers are Um,' dineussed. In this way GATT is now a tr^a: uiv to the development, of the international trade. The exécution of the Kennedy n > ¿nd has made it a rule to reduce the tanfi i'olleelively, not individual reduction by each country. In the broader aspect ut t:,o development uf the international trade, tue tariff barrier;; and the other obstacle for the trades will be undoubtedly diuiinwhed in the future. 2) Custom!, ¡ariff and Other ((emulations of .Selected Petrochemicals Annex li-1 shows for quick reference, tariffs in W. Europe, North America, latin America of the selected petrochemicals. When imposing duties, there are two systems ^l) Ad Valorem Duties System which is based on the prices of the imported commodities and (2) Specific Duties System which is based on number and size of the imported commodi tie:;. Ad Valorem Duties System ia bem^ employed by fc!KC countries, Sweden, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, etc. and Specific Duties System by Venezuela. In USA, Mexico and Peru, the combination of Ad Valorem Duties System and Specific Duties System is employed. The assessable price to be applied for duties in Ad Valorem Duties System varieß by each country as shown in Annex IÍ-1 . - 114 - Annex R - 2 shows the import taxes other than duties in each country. This ita mainly intended for financial incomes, reflecting economical and polytical situations of each nation. As stated above, rates of duties and other import taxes vary by each nation und y«;t these rates have a great effect on the export prices. Accordingly in the actual practice of export, full study should be made of the duties and the related information in tach nation. - 115 - 3. Export Possibility of Selected Petrochemicals l) Delivered Prices In the case where selected petrochemicals are exportd from Trinidad and Tobago to North America, UK, other countries of rf. Europe, boutheant Asia and Latin America, the rough delivered prices for users in these areas and countries are estimated as indicated in Table VII-1. Primarily, the delivered prices are to be calculated at the time when these petrochemicals are produced. However as there are so many uncertainties auch as custom duty and other taxes, freight rate and insurances in each area in the future, calculation based on assumption of these uncertainties will only widen the range of the observational error. In this study the calculation was made based on the present freight rate, insurances and custom duty and other taxes. The calculation method and assumption employed are as follows. Delivered Price = Selling Price + Freight Charge + Insurance + Custom Duty and Other ,. Taxes + Other Expenses (a) The freight rates are subject to change by the size of the ship, amount to be loaded, the liner services established or not, whether the ship has cargo on one trip or round trip. In this study the following freight rate was used. Liner Hate for Solid Products in Bags or Bulk Port of Spain - US East Coast US «24.00/M.T. " M. Europe US 119.25/M.T. " Argentina US 123.00/M.T. Japan US 133.00/M.T. Source : Ref. 9, 10 - lib - Liner Kate for Liquid Cargoes Port of Spain - US East Coast US 125.00/M.T. " rf. Europe US 122.75/M.T. " Argentina US 125.75/M.T. '• Japan US $43.5ö/M.T. Source : Ref. 9, lü The information given relates to ships of a size between 2,500 - 10,000 tons. Under liner terms all expenses are paid by the shipping company. All the vessels engaged in transporting liquid cargoes like those under consideration operate on a long term contract basis to manufacturers and neither tramp nor liner rates are available. (b) Insurance *• The insurance rate depends upon the properties of commodities, frequency of occurance of risk at the port and during the navigation and the scope of damage compensation. In this study the following equation was used for the calculation of the insurance. Insurance = (CIF price i 110#) x 2$ (c) Import Duty and Other Taxes The number for 1970 in Annex ft-1, 2 was employed for the calculation of the import duty and other taxes. (d) Other Expenses This item includes agenda or commission paid to distributors or miscellaneous items which are not included in a) - c) and these expenses are calculated at 10$ of CIF prices of all products. 117 2) Export Possibility of Selected Petrochemicals As mentioned in ¡action III—1, in the developed countries in petrochemical industry such as USA, Japan, UK, W. Germany, and France, the chemical companies are making efforts to reduce the costs of petrochemicals by such stops as scale-up of plant capacity, development of new process and integrated utilization of raw materials in order to cope wi'.h the ever- intrnsifying competition in both the domestic a:id overseas markets, and these countries are far superior to other in international competition. In these countries the demands of almost all petrochemicals are selfsufficient and they are exporting a considerable portion of their production into the international market. Therefore, Trinidad and Tobago petro- chemical industry have to compeat with the big chemical companies: of the developed countries in the world market. It is almost difficult at present to know exactly how many quantities of petrochemicals can be exported to each area or country. In this respect, it seems necessary in the future to conduct a more detailed marketing study for each country. In this report, prices of the petrochemicals delivered from Trinidad and Tobago are compared with domestic prices in each area, to examine the competitiveness of the Trinidad and Tobago petrochemicals in « uch area. The export possibility is not determined, of course, by the low prices only, but also by the supply and demand balance of a product, custom duty system and'the specific circumstances under which individual users are placed, i-'uture surveys will be necessary to analyse these latter factors. Table VII-1 "-ives comparisons of the delivered prices of the petrochemicals from Trinidad and Tobago to each area and the domertic prices of the corresponding products in each area, wherein both prices are calculated in a manner described in the previous paragraph. These comparisons reveal that in general, most of the , inidad and Tobago petrochemicals are 11 ¿J kept competitive in W. Europe including the UK, whereas in Southeast Asia those products other than maleic anhydride, and DMT are not competitive. In Njrth America, 13 commodities including LDPE, HDJ-F, maleic anhydride, etc. are kept competitive, while other b commodities including VCM, styrene, alkylbenzene, etc. are not. a) Kxport possibility to North America The following table showy the competition of Trinidad and Tobago Petrochemicals in North America market. Competitive Incompetitive 1. LDPK 1. VCM 2. HDPE 2. Styrene 3. PVC 3. PG 4. Polystyrene 4. Alkylbenzene b. Acrylonitrile 5. DMT 6. Acrylic fiber 7. PP 8. CBH 9. Maletic anhydride 10. Oaprolactam 11. Polyamide fiber 12. TD1 13. Polyester fiber Final products such as plastics, synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, etc. are competitive, whereas intermediates such as VCM, Styrene, and DMT are not competitive. Of the 13 competitive petrochemicals, acrylic fiber, polyamide fiber, polyester fiber, PP, and SBR have rather large differences between delivered and domestic prices. On the other hand, differences are nmall between the two prices of acrylonitrile, LDPK, HDPE, and polystyrene. If market situations for the latter group worsen, then there is a fear that those products of the latter group can hardly stand in the markets. - 119 - b) export possibility tu UK The United Kingdom ha;; adopted the preferential tariff system for the ^oods imported from the British Commonwealth of nations., and thus petrochemicals are imported tax-free from these nations. This, situation enables, most of the petrochemicals from Trinidad and robado to stand competitive in the UK market. c) Kxporl possibility U> úth>jr West European Countries All the products, except fBii and PG, are competitive ,n other .'/est lluro pean countries. However, differences between the delivered and che domestic prices are small in LDPF1, VCM, atyrenii, and polyamide fiber. Depending on future changes in the market situations, therefore, these product« may lose their competitiveness. d) ]• xport pos.sibility to Southeast Asia [:ince it is difficult to obtain data on average domestic prices of petrochemicals in each Southeast Asian country, Table VII-1 fúves only domestic prices in Japan. Japanese petrochemicals have been occupying very large market shares in Southeast Asia, HO that domestic prices of petrochemicals are inevitably influenced by the prices in Japan. The exports prices of Japanese priducts forwarded to Southeast Asia are lower than domestic prices in Japan. It can be said, therefore, that those products are not also competitive in Southeast Asia, unless their prices can compete against the domestic prices in Japan. In view of the above discussion, most of petrochemicals are incompetitive in this area, with exceptions of maleic anhydride, and DMT. (The delivered price of SBH is lower than the domestic price, however considering the existence of the biggest suppliers of natural rubber in the world such as Malaysia and Indonesia, there is no possibility to export SBH to this area.) Southeast Asia is far distant from Trinidad and Tobago, and freight charges will be high, - 120 accordingly. Furthermore, Southeast Asia has long been large markets of Japanese products. These circumstance makes almost impossible the exports from Trinidad and Tobago to this area. e) Kxport Possibility to Latin America CIP prices are compared here, because of the difficulties in obtaining date on average domestic prices in Latin America. Accordi;ig to these comparisons, most of the commodities are competitive. The Trinidad and Tobago Petro- chemicals will be able to take a more advantageous position in Latin America, than do the products from the USA or W. Europe, owing to the close distance to the markets. Petrochemical industries in the Latin American countries are on different develo aent stages, for example, Mexico, brazil, and Argentina have already established their own petrochemical industries and will go un to further develop them. Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, and Chile, on the other hand, are now beginning to start their petrochemical project. Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, and ieru have organized the Andean Group with a view to tax- free trade of petrochemical? among the Croup nations, while setting up an agreed high tariff barrier against those petrochemicals imported from outside the Group, so that their own industries may be protected. Even Latin American leading countries in this field - Argen- tina and Brazil - have been applying high tariff rates to petro- chemical imports, because their own industries have just been industrialized and thus have only weak competitiveness. Their high-tariff policies are extremely severe, as can be seen in the following table, which shows 30* or more of tariff rates imposed on major petrochemicals. 121 - Producte Ärztin* Brazil LDPE 1Ü0 45 HDPE 100 45 VCM 60 30 PVC 100 55 D tyrene 60 * tolystyrene 100 55 Acrylic fiber 70 30 PP 60 55 Acrylic fiber 70 30 PP 60 55 3BH 100 « Maleic anhydride * 27 Alkylbenzene n.a. 37 Nylon 6 70 30 Polyester fiber 70 20 * leas than 30$ In Mexico, petrochemical industries ha6 developed under the mexicanization policy. At present, the prcportion of self- sufficiency of petrochemicals is more than 80Ç&, and imports of petrochemicals are decreasing year by year. Thus as long as CIP prices are compared, the Trinidad and Tobago products are still competitive in the Latin American market, however, all indications of the present market situations are that Latin America won't be a market for continuous exports, but only a spot market (i.e., a market for emergency imports on the occasions of unbalanced demand and supply). - 122 - •.8 •U v£> LO « uO IO CD o O O LO o LO O o o LO O LO (M t- O 8 CM C- <• •* IO «fi- o «vt '•O CD CD CM C\J IO c IO CM lo CM ro ^f IO ro CM «lt (Tv r- IO LO fi a H r-l rH 8 •ri •H I«. +* U 01 SJ •3 d H •H m •P o * LO io vu O CD vO * * r- ro CM O t~ en CD •ri Ü « •H & •H «-> O t- ao H O O vO M -ri CD cb •J- S S S CTV r-l vO 8 CJ r-l CTV 8 o "^ OJ IO 4 SA eu i«"\ ,~t CM H CM CM (M i-I IO IO IO «vT vD LO CM oOl r-l rH rH m ti s a. CM rH CM CT. IO CT C^ IO J3 o o 03 «ri- O vO .O 3 tH 01 •«*• r-l C- r-l » CD r-l C- CD * O LO f> LO ti- IO CM O- O 0) U rO "tf i-H CM r-l CM io CM < IO IO CM CM «* «* vu co C/J • -H "* ^ ai H r-l rH B rH U O ¿S tJ n 1 Ü % r! O c— e'- O VU vO t- O IO IO r-l K-> Cvl O LO O LO ai 0) .ri 00 er. r-l S t> CM CD CM VO (TV LO IO «* S 1-H IO CM o CM ro r-l ro r-l IO CM IO «* IO ro CM LO CT. CD IO LO •H •ri S* * u r-l rH r-H a. s T) i 0) +» h 0) ro r-l VJD IO LO vO IO O iH LO O IO O OD vO a h « o cg vo er- ro r-l r-l CM CO i-I IO cri s r- S t- er r~ r-l O • -H CO IO »H I\J CM rO IO CM IO IO CM CM CM If CM vO IO CM « 0) 3£ r-l r-l rH TJ ä ¿ (-, E-> O fe U io •H a> « a +• o rO ««r « CD ÇO O H o LO « « t- «I O s U H LO f- œ cri in H vO ro CM 8 g H • -a- 3 rO «* è r-l CM IO IO [~- io IO «* à c IO CD e «n- w %& r-l r-l rH S c a ai r-l O o co r-l vu < ir\ lT\ IO O 00 LO vû LA CD O h ai iH OC IO t- LO IO IfN CM vO io a> 8 oo CD CM LO «* t~ f-S CM CM r-l r-l »H CM CM CM CM CM CM OJ r-l IO CM IO IO r-l S* r-l r-l r-H ri Ä « ce i> t— r-l LO IO vu ffv IO CM «* CM ro IO c- IO •>* t» s CM « 1?? VIII. The Rate of Return on Investment and the Recommended Complex StìhaiM 1. FOB Prices at Trinidad Calculation of rates of return on investments necessitates determination of selling prices of each selected petrochemicals; especially determination of FOB prices in the case of Trinidad and Tobago, where total petrochemicals will have to be exported. FOB prices vary by market; a product may be exported to a market at a dumping price, while it may be exported to another market at a highly profitable price, so as to bring a proper profit on an average. Now that markets concerned, or volumes of sales in each of them, are not fixed, we had difficulties in determining, by country, the reliable FOB prices and the volumes of sales. We, therefore, tried to obtain an average FOB price at Trinidad, which would be able to stand in the world market, in order to calculate the rates of return on investments. The FOB prices at Trinidad were calculated according to the following equation: FOB price = Domestic price - (Freight rate + Insurance + Custom duty and other taxes + Other expenses) VlI-3)-l) gives figures of all factors included in this equation, from which the FOB prices at Trinidad were calculated for the products sent to the USA, UK, France, W. Germany, Italy, and Japan. From these prices was then obtained an average FOB price at Trinidad. Accordingly, it is noted that the findings on the export possibility to each area, do not always coincide with the findings on the rates of return on investments calculated upon an average FOB price at Trinidad of each selected petrochemicals. 124 - 2. The Rate of Return on Investment The rate of return on investment with each petrochemical product was calculated by the discounted cash flow method. The result» are shown in Table VIII-1 and for detail refer to Annex 0. The calculation was done upon the following assumptions. 1) The factory price of the petrochemical is apsumed equal to the T&T FOB price which is shown in the above section VIII-1. In other words the profit is taken as the balance between the net production cost and T&T FOB price. 2) All of the plant capital is invested by a year prior to the start of operation. 3) The project covers the 10 years period after the start of operation. The declining balance method of depreciation for 1Ü years is used and the salvage value is nil. 4) The tax holiday provision for 5 years is adopted, and after the 5th year the corporate tax rate of 45$ is charged. 5) As to the final product which is produced via intermediate product in the Complex, the consolidated rate of return on investment is calculated. For example as to PVC (expressed as VCM-PVC), VCM is delivered to PVC plant at VCM net manufacturing cost, and the cash flow obtained from PVC selling is taken as the cash flow to VCM-PVC consolidated plant. b) As to basic Materials (ethylene, propylene, butadiene, benzene, toluene, xylene, p-xylene), the uniform rate of return on investment of 10.3$ (net income of 10$ of C.I) is used and these basic materials are not subjected to consolidation. 3. Recommended Complex Scheme The recommended complex scheme was derived by examining the rate of return on investment with each petrochemical product, and is shown in Fig. VIII-1. - l?b - 3 S +» m (1) fi Cti +* oj OJ •«* 0} •*»• O r- '0 Iß ro CD m c « o f- CO O in CTI C\í Ol no O CD CTi a +• in S (T (VI «* C\j in u\ io OJ O 'I o a ••H Ü al in OJ ¡H £- -O rH IO cri e— 00 r- in o oj CTI C\| (Ti r"\ 'O rH * M O ¡n co g +> •» r- io OJ co m H— » o_ in ^ f- ^ f0 9» ^ 00 "* •>*• oo (Ti ^f lit lil Çn H CD m co rH un r> ir\ oj" I o e— (— >.o o SP tí o ÖS k •P ß m tn vo ü D in o CO OJ CM (Oí O in ,« 8 s m nj CO (Ti in m O al- m CM PH OJ in m cri OJ ia- co c\j O '-O oo in >0 o tn nj in Pi OD OJ co IO oj oo i HIC +J O 4î° 0) Ü fOi. ED O pH OJ O O CD OJ —' l-( t> < OJ OJ O g í O <ì OJ OJ g (TI in PH o M 4 3 8 m in 'O K\ OJ •* PH in '-* W pH i 8 m er. on ^- Kwai KO in IM UJ i « UD CO t>- in PH 0 PH (Ti (Ti — H > I ^ PH m H r- CD OJ PH PH pH PH OJ PH pH OJ OJ PH SO OJ Xi ~ri- -So , r- -a -— EH ;4 S « M « O vD OJ K\ in in cri iH S E-> -ri in in o oj r~ o I H M >( ^ ^ fi'- f» r- •* f. OD PH » 'O «f in il l-t fi iO'iÌ0C0HlJiO oo e©-©-©©©o^ (äööösöööspH ö * » «•mil OVERALL RATE OF RETURN ON INVESTMENT 174, 200'//) WITH COMPLEX 19.9% 1136 500 '/y ) 1300.000'^) ETHYLENE |— I 47,100 t/y) lUQQOOOW) NAPHTHA NAPHTHA CRACKING H2 125.500'/^ I 1339.000^) (141,000 Vyl PO h CRACKED GASOLINE B-B FRACTION HYDROGEN <200,000'/y PRODUCTION PROPYLENE AROMATICS BUTADIENE RECOVERY EXTRACTIONl ? -î i es.ooo'/yi BUTADIENE II25,000'/V B ( 30,000 */y ) (IW.OQOVy) (64,000 1 46600 '/») 139,600^1 £ ( ( 2.600 '/»I 152,800 /yI XYLENES OD XYLENE P-XYLENE •JTEREPHTHALIC AOU K - CYCLO II9.500 '/yl HEXANE ( 73, OOP NM immmawn »•in i«uim IIMKM SECTION 1 :MENT 174, 200'/ y ) 1136,500'/y) nogoooVy) ETHYLENE — (98,000 '/yl ( 47,100 Vy I J" V C M (136.000'/yl 116 lOO'/yl -[ STYRENE i- I 25,500'/yl (30,000 ( 65,000Vyi BUTADIENE 1125,000^ 150,000 '/yi 164,000'/y I JMALEC ANHYDRIDE! 26 6% 1 30.000'/yj T( 20.400'Al , £"T""Ï_T ] 247% I 46600 '/yl (39,600 y I 52,800 V»l l6[._40pJVy) XYLENE P- XYLENE TEREPHTHALIC ACu h • -J2 D M T J 140% ( 17.700 '/yl •^CAPROLACTAM f I 50,000 '/yl LINER ALKYL BENZENE -c 136 % n MUMIM«*) i Miniai . nm, am a» wu MI • i (•mi SECTION 2 198,000'/^ 193,000'/yl V C M P V c (136,000 t/yl 318% JII6.lOO>/y 1110,000 t/yl "L[ rPOLYSTYRENEJ ( 25.500»/yl (30,000 Vy) o I I 4% -zzrJ o p 0 ] il ai 9 7 % (44 800,/y> ACRYLONITRILE] 31 7% _ II0QOOO Vy I "L-f P P J 326% 183,000)00'/yl Vyl L_ J" S B R 20 7% »/ (50,000 Vyl MALEC ANHYDRIDE NotSt 26 6% lAMHlOl Production Amount , t/y) Rott of Rtturn on Invtttmaril oaooo'/yi " T D I [S 24 7% .800'/yl (6l.4O0t/y) MVISIONS 'IMJC ACü h D M T " MO. NO. 140% JOtNO. (« JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTD. I I7.7O0 V») ( 18,000 Vy) ^^ (NIMON KIMATSUVU «AÌU5MKI «A1SM*I _ CAPROLACTAM —|~ÑYL0N-6-F n6l~vi~-ï 5.1 % THE RECOMMENDED COMPLEX FROM THE VIEW POINT OF RATE OF RETURN 1 1 50,000 Vyl ON INVESTMENT LINER ALKYL DAT! - ~ Kill BENZENE 136 % —nr DWG NO. •13. «mini SECTION 3 ¿778 (a «ta; MACROSCOPIC MARKET SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF EXPORT POSSIBILITIES FOR "~J PETROCHEMICALS FROM TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ANNEXES >, RNUMY 1171 JAPAN GASOLINE CO., LTD. TIKVI, JAPAN UNIDO CONTRACT NO. 70/36 SERIAL NO.. 2 5 MACROSCOPIC MARKET SURVEY AND EVALUATION OF EXPORT POSSIBILITIES FOR i PETROCHEMICALS FROM TRINIDAD AND T0BA60 ANNEXES fcprt pup*«] fir tin Unittd Nati«» Industri«! IwtiiMMftt OrgmlzctiM •dim M Pirticipitin ani ExtCHtiRg Amor f« tta MM Mm Mop» Mit PT*rim (Special Industrial Servie«'. FtHUWTY 1171 JAPAN GASOLINE CO., LTD. TOKYO, UPAN CONTENTS OF ANNEXES Annex A Infoimations about Available Materials and Utilities 1 Provided by Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago Annex B Information from AMOCO International Oil Co. 5 Annex C Memorandum Talking with TEXACO 8 Annex D-l Information about Naphtha from Trinidad Tesoro 9 -2 Information about Naphtha from Trinidad Tesoro 10 Annex E Technological Base Data 11 Annex P Processing of Natural Gas and Production of Basic 20 Materials from Natural Gas and Condensate Annex G Production of Basic Materials by Condensate 22 Pyrolysis Annex H Naphtha Cracking 24 Annex I Cost Calculation of Aromatica 25 Annex J Butadiene Extraction 30 Annex K Hydrogen Production 31 Annex L Calculation of Manufacturing Costs and Selling 32 Prices of Petrochemicals Annex M Figure of Selling Price of Petrochemicals VS 55 Manufacturing Capacity Annex N Calculation of Consolidated Manufacturing Cost 65 of the End Product Annex 0 Calculation of Rate of Return on Investment 74 Annex P Capital Investment, Utilities and Labours of 84 Complex - i - Annex Q-l Producers of Methanol 103 -2 Producers of LDPE 107 -3 Producers of HDPE 113 -4 Producers of PVC 117 -5 Producers of Polystyrene 126 -6 Producers of Acrylonitrile 131 -7 Producers of Acrylic Fiber 133 -8 Producers of Polypropylene 136 -9 Producers of S BR 139 -10 Producers of Maleic Anhydride 143 -11 Producers of Alkylbenzene 145 -12 Producers of Caprolactam 148 -13 Producers of Polyamide Fibers 150 -14 Producers of Polyester Fibeis 159 Annex R-l Custom Duty of Petrochemicals 164 -2 Other Import Taxes 171 Annex S Maximum Purchase Price of Haw Material 174 Annex T Preliminary Calculations for Assessment of Stepwise Implementation 176 Annex U Calculation Basis for Delivered Prices and Domestic Prices 198 - ii - Annex A. Informations about Available Materials and Utilities provided by Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. 1. Raw Materials (1) Natural Gas (a) Quantity 300-500 MMSCF/D (Prospective) (b) Composition Vol £ Cj, 95 (Approx) C2 ) (Approx) c, ) H2S, C02, N2 Negligible (c) Pressure 300 PSIG (d) Price * 15 US ¿/lOOO SCP * Amoco has not as yet quoted a firm price for their natural gas to a petrochemical manufacture in Trinidad and Tobago. This price was advised by IDC at the Second Meeting between IDC and JGC Mission. (2) è Naphtha from TEXACO (a) Quantity Any Quantity available from Texaoo (b) Properties S.O. Not Specific Boiling Range S. Content (c) Price 33.30 TT l/ton # Naphtha from Texaco Trinidad Ine (TTl) is produced as specialty naphthas for sale to various customers who would in turn utilise it for specific purposes. TTI does not at present produce naphtha for naphtha cracking hence any specification on this cannot be obtained. The price given in the study is an average export price of naphthas. - 1 - (3) Naphtha from TESORO (a) Quantity 1,200,000 t/y (Prospective) (b) Properties Naphtha from the indigenous crude Naphtha Cut Chemical Analysis Crude Quantity Boiling Hange PONA bbl/day "C Uli 60,000 100 - 150 39 0 42 19 150 - ¿00 28 0 51 21 20,000 100 - 150 27 0 52 21 150 - 200 5 0 71 24 IBP : The IBP of the naphtha will be determined by the IBP of the crude to be used. EBP : Appro*. 350*F (c) Price : 6 - 6| US ¿/gal (22.02 |/t) (d) Crude to be used (for reference) : The imput to the refinery would be a combination of 80,000 bbl/day of local (indigenous) and 70,000 bbl/day of foreign-based crude which would possibly be imported from Nigeria. The specification of the indigenous crude Approx Quantity Chemical Analysis API % light f> gas oil % fuel bbl/day PONA Cravity fraction D.I.53-57 oil 60,000 33 - 48 19 26 18.8 15.1 66.1 20,000 33 - 48 19 23 11.4 28.5 60.1 2. * Other Raw Materiale from Texaco and Fedchem Quantity Specification Mce. (1) Benzene - - 118.5 TT$/ton (2) Toluene - (3) Xylenes - - 84.8 TTl/ton (4) Cyclohexane - - 125-5 TTt/ton (5) N-Paraffin - - 21.6 TTt/bbl (6) Ammonia - (7) Urea - 2 - * ïhe prices quoted in the study for these petrochemicals are based on the average f.o.b. price of the chemicals. With no idea of the quantity of each chemical to be demanded, the suppliers were not in a position to quote a selling price. 3. Utility Conditions (1) Steam 200 PSIA 0.044 TTfi/lb (2) Cooling Water 1 T'rV/lOOO gal (3) Procesa Water 0 - 300,000 gal/D 30 T'iV/lOOO gal 300,000 - 650,000 gal/D 45 TT¿/lO00 gal (4) Power Shown in Page 13 - 14 of "IDC pre- Feasibility Studies" (5) Fuel TT 22.5^10 BTU 4. Labour Cost (1) Operator 2.8 TT$/Hr. (2) Chief and/or Supervisor 4.3 TTt/Hr. 5. Relative cost of complete process plant. U.S. (Gulf Coast) 1.00 T.T, 1.05 6. Basis of Calculation. The cost calculation is done by following the basis shown in "I.D.C. Pre-Feasibility Studies." 7. Fob. Price of Petrochemicals (U.S. $/Barrel) ** (1) Ammonia "•*• (2) Urea AT*T (3) Ammonium Sulphate JkJL (4) Bensene 11JL (5) Toluene ft »04 (6) Xylene |6>6? - 3 - ( 7 ) Nonene n.a. (8) Dodecene n.a. * (9) Cyclohexane «9.66 • (10) Di-isobutylene 38.08 * (11) Naphtenic acids 253.67 * (12) Normal paraffins Î10.80 * (15) Unfinished virgin Naphtha (Shell) ¥7.98 * (14) Special Naphtha (Texaco) 15.10 * (15) Middle Distillates 12.54 * These are the average F.O.B. prices for the year 1969. These prices also take into consideration the variation that would exist in shipping to different countries and the various quantities shipped. ** n.a. - not available. 8. Condensate (1) Quantity (2) Properties (3) Price AMOCO has stated that the quantity of condensate associated with their natural gas is quite substantial. The Ministry of Petroleum and Mines, has calculated that this quantity could support an economic sized ethylene plant of approximately 200,000 tons/yr of ethylene. The condensate has a boiling range of approximately 60 - 100*. No price, not even some assumed or estimated value could be arrived at. - 4 - Annex B Information from AMOCO International Oil Co. f.'ïlïfS í'Ül-kr* !,U.,,¡,;: . (AMOCO ¡AMOCTT JMEïiXATIOXAi; 500 N.MICHIGAN AVENUE- P.O. ÜOX 8 Í68 • CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 606HÜ '•»>Ai«<]Jc*0i.iB-Ià!fcv' September 9, 1970 PM;SIDI'NT i File: ODG-422-414 é \SJ -#c;-: i j Re: Gas Condensate Data i Trinidad i Wfa%W.\i) i a H -5T» Mr. Hiroslii Yashiki, Managing Director M:MX'' 5 - a function of the relative amount of reserves discovered and placed on production from different areas in the concession. Therefore, gas composition could vary substantially from the data shown in the attachment. Nonetheless, this is the best information we have available. Thank you for your interest in our company and its operations. Our Manager of Gas Sales, Mr. Robert M. Dunham, may be in contact with you in the future when such appears appropriate from the evolving situation in our operations. Very truly your i* - 6 - COTTOMI» SAS AMALYSTs. Tmirmp vvrrvncni «°L ^ÄCffiT H2S Mil »2 0.35 OOj 0.36 °1 94.46 C2 2.92 C3 1.08 iC4 0.19 BC. 0.28 C5 0.16 °6 0.07 c7 0.11 100.00 2¡&! ÏE5of Sou,h"'t ltol"t* "* <*'*"•P6i" "-»» - 7 - JAPAN GASOLINE CO., LTD. Subject: Memorandum Date: 30-31 July 1970 Talking with TÜXAC0 Ch. H. Matsui 1) TEXACO is not, always, in a position to give any- one a long term assurance or guarantee of supplying raw materi- als such as naphtha because of existing commitments. 2) The quantity and price of raw materials are always subjects to be discussed with customer. The supply of unlimited quantity of raw materials is not considered as a realistic ita tter. However, it is TKXACO's policy to do everything possible to supply the oil and chemical raw material need of Trinidad Industry. The requirement of any potential customer would be carefully investigated and every effort made to supply on a commercial basis. 3) At present Trinidad and Tobago refinery's products are exported to United States, Puerto Rico (Unbn Carbide Corp.), Europe, etc. 4) TEXACO has no plan to expand the crude capacity of refinery plant in Trinidad and Tobago in near future. 4^v - 8 - h'ï. I ri / 3'-?. Annex D-l Information about Naphtha from Trinidad and Tobagc Trinidad and Tobcgo I 1 INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION -r-.- — P. O. Box 949, Pcrhof-Spain, IM Cèto, ,ÜCCRP. Trin¡dod( W| ^ PU Dear Sir, Reference is made to your two previous letter, of December 10 and 23, 1970. .ni^nü6 rì^-th? neUS that U"JIDÛ has d^idEid ta r^ise the deadline for sub- mission of the final report to late February 1971 and that you will no" proceed to add a study of Naptha Utilization to the Interi,, Report/ P Re your inquiry in your letter of December 10, ue wish to advise that fhp Naphtha The IBP of the naphtha will bo determined by the IBP of the crude to be used and .ill have an end point of approx.. 350°F. The approx. n WOUld bC C/ Cents (U5) nlirt ? ?, , '' - ^ P« Bâ'lfon v(US) and this price should be assunte! in your study." "" ~ -< -./ Cruda The input to the refinery would be a combination of Jqcal (indigenous) P0 ib y e lnp0ltüd f wouìl ;? ; 1? ^°^ êiq-ri^. and the indigenous crude would posssaa the follr^ina spccificaticm'sT^ Approx,, Quantity Chenicel Analysis A.P.I. bp)/ih.y % light % gas oil % fuel oil PONA Gravity „fraction D.I. 53-57 60,0110 53 - 48 19 26 18.8 15.1 66.1 2ü,fJi:iü 33 - 46 19 23 11.4 28.5 60.1 Ue B h h0 i f r,rdtion studies, £¡5 i!; üV " ° Pi'owided would assist In the completion of the and look forward to meeting with you to review progress. With beat wishes for 1971, YouTs' sincerely,/i Cldiyn ¡G» Warner, General Manager. 9 - Annex D-2 Information about Naphtha from Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION; P. O. Box 949, Port-of-Spain, -Í-1 CaUtt: IDCORP Trinidad, W.I. & iSj *" .Itítphsintii 372Ï1 • 37296 ' ";• Jv '.-!rI ! ' • ;! ftlCM Quo» Rti> No' vhcn replying K i X /*& f'i T r fir — r -January. ¿> Takayuki Iwaki, Japan Gasoline Co. Ltd., Nevr Ohtemachi Building, 2-1 Ohtemachi 2 - Chore, Tokyo, Japan. Dear Sir, Subsequent to my letter dated December 30, 1970, wherein infor- •ation on the chemical and physical properties of the cruder to bo pro- cessed on, and naphtha from Trinidad - Tesoro's proposed refinery was provided, the following analyses on naphtha cuts are hereby detailed: Crude quantity Naphtha Cut Chemical Analysis bbl per day Boiling Range P 0 N A Weight per cent °C 60,000 100 - 150 39 0 k2 19 150 - 200 28 0 51 21 20,000 100 - 150 27 0 52 21 150 - 200 5 0 71 2k We hcpe that this additional information would facilitrte t'^.e completion of the studies. ïours faithfully, cv ¿I < U«.--«.— «~ Earle C. Baccus, for Cenerai Manager, Industrial Development Corporation. - 10 - Annex E. Technological Base Data 1. General In view of the stage of this study which is meant by UNIDO as a precusor to a major launching and marketing, the cost data have to coincide with the general standard of petrochemical industry in the world rather than to be ¿¡elected from the most favorable ones that are inherent to the specific procesa. The data used in this study were taken from the published literature and our data bank, and always were examined carefully not to be special data that are resulted from the specific process. We used the same general assumptions as those used in "Pre-feasibility Studies on Petrochemical Plants For Trinidad and Tobago" supplied by Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago. 2. Utility Cost The costs of utilities were given by Industrial Development Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago and are as follows: (a) Steam : Pressure 2U0 PSIA Cost 0.48 t/t (b) Water Cooling Water 0.0013 t/t Sea Water 0.0007 $/t Process Water 0.040 t/t : 0 - 1136 t/day 0.059 t/t: 1136 - 2460 t/day (c) Fuel Cost 0.446 t/106 Kcal (d) Power Rate Dl (Lees than 199 KVA at 230V) (Lesa than 350 KVA at 400V) Basic charge t3.5B x Maximum KVA in a month Supplementary charge ¿0.8/Kwhr, less than 30,000 Kwhr/month ¿0.65/Kwhr, more than 30,000 Kwhr/month - 11 - Rate D2 (200 KVA - 3,999 KVA at 2.4, 4.16, 6.6, 12, 33, 66 KV) Basic charge $3.5^ x Maximum KVA m a month Supplementary charge ¿0.75/Kwhr, less than 50,000 Kwhr/month ¿O.òO/kwhr, 50,000 - 2'jO,000 Kwhr/month ¿0.50/Kvhr, 250,000 - 500,000 Kwhr/month ¿0.3b/Kwhr, more than 500,000 Kwhr/month Rate D3 (More than 4,000 KVA at 33, 66, 132 KV) Basic charge Î3.45/KVA, 4,000 - 9,999 KVA «2.82/KVA, 10,000 - 14,999 KVA *2.45/KVA, 15,000 - 19,999 KVA $2.07/KVA, 20,000 - Supplementary charge ¿0.75/Kwhr, less than 50,000 Kwhr/month /0.60/Kwhr, 50,000 - 200,000 Kwhr/month ¿0.50/Kwhr, 200,000 - 500,000 Kwhr/month ¿0.375/Kwhr, 500,000 - 1,000,000 Kwhr/month ¿0.30/Kwhr, more than 1,000,000 Kwhr/month As regards electricity the Trinidad and Tobago Electricity Corporation (T & TEC) quotes three rates for the large scale supply of electricity in the "Electricity Tariff Industrial Rate" es written above. In this study the electricity is assumed to be bought from T & TEC not by the individual plant but by the complex as a whole. The petrochemical complexes proposed in this study use 74,013 Kw, 50,027 Kw and 119,391 Kw of electricity respectively and the average cost of this electricity is calculated 0.0065 t/Kwh. 3. Chemical Cost The cost of chemical used in this study is assumed équivalant to world market price. - 12 - IT* 4. Capital Investment Capital investment consists of Process section and Utilities A General Service facilities. The former is "battery limit", and the latter is set up at 20 per cent of "battery limit". 5. Labour Cost The wage rates are as follows: Operator 1.40 $/hr Supervisor 2.15 l/hr The payroll burden is taken at 5$ of total labour costs. 6. Selling Price Calculation The calculation was made on the assumption of net income of 10$ C.I every year. All capital is assumed to be financial through borrowing and a full 7 per cent interest payment is charged. As special investment incentives, tax holiday provisions under the Aid to Pioneer Industries Ordinance is applied. The selling price is a factory price or FOB Trinidad and Tobago (the inland transportation cost in Trinidad and Tobago is neglected). - 13 - w^ Annex F. Processing of Natural Gas and Production of Basic Materials from Natural Gas and Condensate. 1. Capacity of the Plant of Katural Gas Processing: This plant is designed to feed 400 MMSCFD of natural gas (2,731,000 t/y) The basis for the above capacity is: 1 year = 330 days. 2. Condition and Composition of Feed Gas: The inlet pressure of the natural gas is 300 psig. The composition of the feed gas is as follows: Component Mole percent H2S Nil M2 0.35 co2 0.36 Cl 94.48 C2 2.92 c3 1.08 iC4 0.19 nfy 0.28 c5 0.16 c6 0.07 c? 0.11 100.00 3. Products from Natural Gas Processing Plant: The products given hereunder are assumed: $&¥» (a) Product Specification Cl 1.0 wt. # C2 96.0 C3 3.0 100.0 - 14 - (b) Ethane Recovery Ratio 40^ Minimum (c) Product phase Liquid or Gas Propane and Butane (a) Product Specification ü2 3.5 wt. Ci 96.0 C5 (b) Propane and Butane Recovery Ratio 95% (c) Product phase Liquid or Gas Note: Methane ir assumed to be used for LNG and no specification of product. Pentane plus product is assumed to be used with condensate for petrochemical feed. 4. Process of Natural Gas Processing: The following processes are recommended as a method of recovery of ethane, propane, butane and pentane plus from the natural gas mentioned above, (refer to Fig F-l) (a) Gas Washing Process (b) Drying Process (c) Pre-Flushing and Demethaniïing Process (d) Fractionation Process (•) Refrigeration Process - 15 - 5. Estimated Investment Cost for Plant of Natural Gas Processing: The preliminary investment cost for this natural gas processing plant is estimated as Total cost Jill,500,J00. b. Estimated Material Balance and Product .Specification of Natural Gas Processing: * Methane (390 MM SCi'D 2,512,000 t/y) Feed NATURAL Ethane (18,875 Lb/Hr 67,809 t/y) (400 MM SCFD GAS 2,731,000 t/y) —^J Propane| (18,067 Lb/Hr 64,906 t/y) PROCESSING -*j Butane (11,518 Lb/Hr 41,379 t/y) mentane (12,479 Lb/Hr 44,831 t/y) S treat a Feed Methane Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Name Product . SUL. Produc t Product Product Plus Cl 41.548 41,539.0 9.0 c2 1,284 669.0 605.0 10.0 _ c 3 475 58.1 11.8 400.0 5.1 iC4 84 4.8 - 2.0 77.1 0.1 nC4 123 5.1 - 0.2 116.7 1.0 c 70 1.1 5 - - 0.7 68.2 ü6 31 0.1 - - - 30.9 u7 48 - - - - 48.Ü N? 154 154.0 - C02 158 — H S 2 - - - - - Total 43,975 42,431.2 625.8 412.2 (Lb-MOL/Hr) 199.6 148.2 Lb/Hr 760,219 699,280 18,875 18,067 11,518 12,479 MMSCPD 400 390 5.7 MW 17.30 16.32 30.16 43.83 57.70 84.20 - 16 - 7. Estimated Utility Requirements of Natural Gas Processing: E leC< lin Powerp Steam (H)'*i Lb/h)'.—- °Waterw°° « ?»1(10° (Kw) 900 psig 200 psig 4b psig (PPM) BTU/Hr) Acid Gas Removal 415 29.8 4,100 & reclaimer Separator, 1,900 399 49.0 12.8 30,400 Fractionation .* Refrigeration Dryer 50 1,200 12.0 Total 2,365 399 78.8 12.8 43,700 12.0 8. Estimated Production Costs of Ethylene Propylene, B-B fraction and Cracked Gasoline. Shown in Table F-l. Ethane, Propane and Butane are recovered first by Natural Gas Processing and feeded into the respective cracker. The streams from these crackers are combined with the stream from Condensate - Pentane plus Cracker to be treated by the same equipment of Compression, Purification and Refrigeration. - 17 - i «¡tMMtAIOH rrtD CO*"J«f ISO» MlüH ('Ht Cl IM unsere , f. < M .< *c* Ml L, I I MMOWH. 'MIN /H(» Tssr *»eetss I '»Oil« U/N« I .'. «M misero I 1 e»»i» tf,w M ! « !-•• (»o I Ï (_ Ì , f. M*« M litt H* I FHOM OCMCTHANIíC* i»m* I lJ ei et' »WIH ••I laiMi I« 1*1 | SECTION 1 riK»*r»Atui»f. y UFMt IHANl^fR p«fssci»t. esa HIGH PIUSSIlHf Otm TMANtff fi l/l MOISCfD SFPAMAIOR Ct' MM)»» I I "»J N ., ! '**! i L ¿n »mwo ' «tri.i M '»/H« • «'S CL 2tl. iM l"'H» -J : h /\ 'HO; L*i. _"" - ta IIVIMONS TO OHTHtNW« 1 A MMN OÄSOtlNt CO . 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"*..*¥!. •#•>£• E-i p o M3 O O O O OO rHCMLA tOOtScMÌM •H o C CO D 0 -p ¡z; O EH ya 5 H co Benzene : 30,000 t/y @ 55.6 t/t Toluene 49,000 & 36.6 ( Case 1) 23,900 t/y of benzene is recovered from natural gas and condensate so that we have total 53,900 t/y of benzene. On the other hand 17,500 t/y of toluene is produced from natural gas and condensate so that we have total 66,500 t/y of toluene. Considering the general trend of scale-up of capacity in petrochemical industry, it is preferable to convert toluene into benzene by dealkylation to scale-up the amount of benzene when the amounts of benzene and toluene are not large enough. Toluene from natural 17,500 t/y ©36.6 $/t gas and oondensate f" Dealkylation Toluene from TEXACO 49,000 t/y @36.6 t/t 55,400 t/y C62.74 $/t Benzene from natural 23,900 t/y ©55.6 t/t gas and condensate Benzene available Benzene from TEXACO 30,000 t/y 1055.6 t/t 109,300 t/y fi59.22 t/t As regards benzene we have 55,400 t/y ©62.74 t/t by dealkylation of toluene and 53,900 t/y ©55.6 t/t. This gives us 109,300 t/y of benzene «59.22 t/t. - 27 - ( Case 2) Toluene is converted into binwne, Toluene from 15,800 t/y ©36.6 l/t condensate Dealkylation | Toluene from TEXACO 49,000 t/y ©36.6 |/t 54,000 t/y »62.88 $/t 21,600 t/y ©55.6 $/t I Benzene from condensate Benaene available Benzene from TEXACO 30,000 t/y ©55.6 l/t 105,600 t/y ©59.32 |/t Aa retards benaene we have 54,000 t/y ©62.88 |/t by dealkylation of toluene and 51,600 t/y ©55.6 l/t. Thia fivee ua 105,600 t/y of benaene ©59.32 l/t. - 28 - ( Caee 3 ) Toluene of 88,800 t/y out of total 109.000 t/y ia dealkylated to benzene. (The balance of 20,200 t/y is used to produce TDl) Toluene from 60,000 t/y ©56.6 $/t Naphtha 10,900 t/y ©36.6 t/t 20,200 t/y Toluene TDI Toluene from 49,000 t/y «36.6 $/t ,88,800 t/y ©36.6 t/t TEXACO Ïr il Daalkylation| Benzene from 95,000 t/y ©55.6 $/t 174,000 t/y ©60.56 t/t Naphtha Benzene available Benzene from 199,000 t/y ©57.44 t/t TEXACO 30,000 t/y ©55.6 t/t As regards benzene we have 74,000 t/y ©60.56 t/t by dealkylation of toluene and 125,000 t/y ©55.6 l/t. This givaa ui 199,000 t/y of banz.ne ©57.44 t/t. - 29 - IP O o O OD 00 vO H i \f -O •* CO .-( r-l IM *i '£> <\l O Ö Ö Ö LAf\J (M (TV LTl LT\ Kl Kl •43 O 00 00 -O Cf\ O (M tu o K1 o I O 00 00 -o 00 C* -ú fM OHO O (A I o M J3 W -£> 00 PH LT\ +» ,-H *» •H (G .-» r-t OK>raí i n S: c m o t* m ** **» '^ o r- M iTi CM M c tí K\ r-l vO O li> (M $£ÌM-ÌM o 8. o o Vi 0 V l'I 41 O t. 1I 11. (T, O ti c i [ • C ^ •H U M 4) ri a a g) « TI 4) o « *» *» h O t. 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Calculation of Manufacturing Costs and Selling Prices of Petrochemicals The aethod of calculation of manufacturing cost and selling price ia that executed in "Pre-feasibility Study" prepared by I.D.C. with exception of adopting the Tax holiday provisions. 1. LDPE 2. HDPË 3. VCM 4. PVC I 5. STYBEHE 6. POLYSTYRENE 7-1. PO 7-2. PG 8. ACRYLONITRILI 9. POLYACRYLONITRILE-F 10. PP 11. S BR 12. MALEIC ANHYDRIDE 13. LINEAR ALKYLBENZENE 14. CAPROLACTAM 15-1. NYLON-6 (CHIP) 15-2. NYLON-6 -F 16. TDI 17-1. P-XYIENE 17-2. TEREFHTHALIC ACID 17-3. DMT 18. 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Al N H •# <* O O rH O O O f- o r- t- oo ON 4 rH O O KN UN KN O C— f\l CM O Oí -O rH OD KA 8 38ÍH CD TT •* •*>• oCG o o « i O X ON XI CM UN ¡s +» +> Ö I-» KN I O O I t- KN I* I «a CM ñ O. « Ol 5 u M IíN ir\ >£ rH ^0 O goo*? o •* o •* o d d o d o rH CM UN KNOK-ÌVKI u «s. o +> +•> B co I o o •M (fl M e u 4) (3 Ol •rl > •ri ri rl C ri • ti t> eu •H M 3 « •P +• u J3 « «1 rl 3 c U •H > O m O S r» c « V «J o C cd o ri n 41 o C) t-> r-> o «rl eu •ri « O ri rH O -ri tj •H (0 « co eo en en l«. •rl « C 4-> m M rH UT uperv •ri ayrol U « X¡ rH O D r-l •H Pro Coo Fue S te O O Vi o< ß rl 01 ri cd rl H P. 5 ilit cd « •H O. +J H eu •*-> U. j-> +» iH •J « *> c £ o 0 > o (U u o o 0) s 2« r-H o ïr. i • « ¿s z H C/) o o H iD CA <* !M OlTi* Oi (T* C— 00 00 8 O rH •«t <• (MHHO r-t 4> o co o cd al +» o e-« o ü o a o •H Ü (/) en (0 a eu o (M o co t t- 3 H t Ut W «• •* «• M P. Ì 0 O 5 O *» *» r-t -W '.O r-l »O O O ri o •rt J 0 IQ I O A A « m «o „ «0 1-1 > •ri 4) 9 iH r-t O a X *> » 8) O 4) O •rt O f O «d -H rH &i W O £ tu o lu o o m m o 00 r4 At 43 1 a*in C~ 00 CO K-\ •p 00 ITV O O O IA «8 «o ai o a C > (V IH B o 01 *> ai i Vi > ai c u¡ i) ai o n o a) a) 58 i-> (M o, al CM o ai n •Ht c r • al g 0. o M « tí o . .3 iH X! 43 0 3 BB « o V) M §r4 -O O 'H •H Ci O ü (M I» o •M 8 o HB al (3 c o IV a •H u s ai o B a> •«J •H «> •»•• 10 (-( 43 a) » Ü ai O 13 OC ,0) o (1) a) in •H > 43 r-t 01 O u r-l O - 55 - o •>* •-i -X) O CM O o f- t— c~\ *> oo 00 CM CM Ov H S IT\ \0 i-I f"\ K"k O K> 0^ ao to t- ** CM i-H QT\ 00 00 8QOQ1 (T. CM DI (*> t- (NJ r-i t- •«»• ^- Cíi CM CM 0) O O -O O CM o ^i- r- t-- tr> CM o r^rlHO CM r-l m O) o 01 o si c EH IO 8' S 43 +> ^ IT>MO P O JÜ ITl +1 iH +• (0 i-I O ON CM I «S O "i « 0) w tí O o •H u >-> > m a s o m m «) c oo w t-, 0> <ü oí i^ o al CM ^O o o ! m a CM C\J 0) o at» O o o 01 m «• *• vt m » «I 8 c M D 0 O • ^> \2 ^fi ^*D v.a i^B F-< CM o tu 8 10 o CJ l-l «1 c c o o a M! •H o •H M M o> a >. B «I 4> •X) •ri 3 I-H « •f» +> 10 U o J3 m « 3 cj 41 O > * +î 5c r! Sî ü «2 21 « te «Q O ri H 3 n VI a io ^ > r-l o +> «o m <2 Ci 5 à rH r-l +> 01 M •H 0) « u o S «I +* ß -ö 3 x! al ai 0 >} 10 •H 0) S r-l r-l O ä H co n ai C ¡a H o E 6C n E-i JO X *» » 0) O 4) O o> o » « « u C M k •» O +> +> « r. <*) JC O 0) n « r-l 0, m o iC fi o o w fi C b ai r. u » «) r-l Q. +» +> •H • H P. 4* H CD +> O. o> +> « «1 +J a) > ai cp m o 0> o £ O 3 5 Ä53 E-i O » Q Z h M - Annex M. Figura of Sailing prie« of Pttroche«io*le V6 Manufacturing Capacity - 55 - 56 O o Q ÜJ CL Q X < Q. < CVI O O NOi/8 30läd 9NH13S Lü O NOI/I 30ltíd 9NI113S 57 ; / / O / / / o / o / § / / / o / / / > > o h- Q_ / / o UJ < ** / / en Q_ < o <[ aj O ; / O O vß / / " o i i i i 1 i t—f O o o O Ci o o 00 f^ CO to N01/I 3Dltìd 9NI1H3S O o 2 o o i- > 00 o io a. -t h—•» o O O o o 8 OD NOl/t 30läd 9M113S 58 o ÜJ o Z Q UJ \- > _J O CL CD <0 NOI/l 30iäd oNimas ° >- ? § LU ro l'i UJ z i/ LU «1 Î'I > o t - 1 OO **• °y / O S - o .,1 —i—i— • M > n T o o o o O G m * Kl M O N01/1 30IMd 9NH13S 59 o LÜ o o Z O > o û: < < o o 00 u. NOi/l 30»yd 9NITI3S o o o o o io z ? O. o O í < O o o O 2 _r 8 o o N (Ni NOI/1 BOIMd 9NH13S 60 CL- O- NO!/t 30läd 9NI113S >- I o O 3 o E o z 3 O ce (VJ o Ï< o so o CL O 0> ^J o o o o o (M o SD NOI/S 30IUd ONHiaS 61 o co o LU o o O o o OC O s >• X o >- o o o •o < LU u -J o < o ü. 2 S O co 1" O o o o o o OJ o 00 10 (\J (\J NOI/1 3Diad 9NI113S a o o o (1 o o ce m O >- Ö O í o O LL 5 O *J O O o O O IO NOi/S 30ldd 9NH13S 62 O § z 2 >- O Q_ u. 5 o o 00 t^- C\J (M NOl/f 3Dldd 9NI113S o O 8 z o o < fO < O O u. 2 o -í í—' NOI/« 30ltíd 9NITI3S 63 o PO 5 < o z < _J > o 8 CC o a.< < o< o o 10 o 5 J o o O O O c\l O OD fO NOI /l 3Dläd 9NIT13S *, o o o ce LU to > UJ >- O _J o < GL o IO U- 2 NOl/f 30ltíd 9NH13S 64 LU )> o INI o Z o LUm > o < < O LU Z _J I 00 N01/S 30ltíd 9NH13S o O O O u. i z tí) o >- Z O o _J o. 3 o O 2 J o o O o 8 o o NOI/« 3Dläd 9NI113S Annex N. Calculation of Consolidated Manufacturing Cost of the End Product In Annex L,the manufacturing coat of the end product is derived from the selling price of the intermediate product. (In this case, the profit is taken as 10$ of C.I in every year with every product disregarding the end or the intermediate. In other words the rate of return on investment is taken as the uniform value of 10.j$ with every product). In this Annex N, the consolidated manufacturing costs of the end products were calculated. Namely, when the intermediate product is converted to the end product, the profit obtained by selling the end product must cover the both of the capital investments of the intermediate and the end product. So the manufacturing cost of the end product is calculated by consolidating the intermediate product. 0-1. VCM - PVC C-2. STYRENE - POLYSTYRENE C-3. STYRENE - SBR C-4. ACRYLONITRILE - POLYACRYLONITRILE-F C-5. PO - PG C-6. TEREPHTHALIC ACID - DMT C-7. 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INI í\| LU k~ _l «I r- r- r- f- f- f^ r^ p- K r' Z t O - 82 - ,i :&= a Ui ' I 1 1= P :•- .3 ,t- 5 l/> 'JE ! i at ^ ~i z • l/l « 3 vi «,a ,UJ Of at a 'a : l« Of Nff- OD J2 IfN -• v{) t- 3 M iom-o r»;tT m -i * *;-i (M * ^ fr-^^x-.^ — — i^ IM KUIO O^*"itì-4pyr\i0*,-*o Z N- t ^»0>*t~ ooocoor^r-r-r^h- r * j _ * O í ff J ojif o « n i I* := « O'O'ff'tT'IJ'vt.frg/gfvf I » o « -I CD u** ir» j\ ir m •*• .* •» + •# un o « cr-o»CT-^ ocoocooocco •#«**.t-».*«'«'.# f\JISJf\JI\l*\jr\JI\|l\Jf\jf\j M*Nji\jf\if\i'\JrN.r\irsjfxi rvjrs/r\jf>j(MrNjnjfvjr\irvi i ! ? ff f T ff NM;NNN O ^ Ch tf- o* ** (A (^ p^ fi m M n « 1 ai i X O tu •- r ai« •c'* -ce .0 •* •* -t + •$ U l- O LU|^ u •- I z U.I 1 i ** «; j | i LU O o'O CO O "O «û VÛ vO v£ K!X i i ccr.co a t- , i «>« rsi Psj ng íNí fvi a 1 «;•- a I I O, : ù.' • •••••.....1 UIUI X c »a a>'* » ^ e ff c a la« IX, LU .3 O — X a." i.' u. C Cl íSjfsjiMfMfyryrvjrgryívj 7 ai u u. — s .? ÜJ ooooooooooo «t 5 tn K C O «fílí c n t.. triririririTiri^iA^ •-co os *- er g a M O u. O rg fM IM (Ni f\l fSi • I-!»- «•QC • "!¿ • • • «•at * » # O LL t- • a « O UJ:>- - 83 - Annex P. Capital Investment, Utilities and Labour of Complex. 1. Capital Investment 2. Electric Power 3. Steam 4. Cooling Water 5. Fuel 6. Labour Í - 84 - TOTAL INVESTMENT 261.131.000» METHANE NüKOOiMSCFD) ^^HISF ETHYLENE CHLO^l l3t80O0CO| ETHYLENE __L ETHANE PROPANE BUTANE CRACKING CONDENSATE |CONDENSATE}- CRACKING AMMf 32,436X3001 JCWACKED GASOLINE] Ê-fl FRACTION HYDROGEN H2_ -»(PROPYLENE} PRODUCTION l«o«*V" | BUTADIENE 910,0110 ( AROMATIC S BUTADIENE | RECOVERY EXTRACTORij 3,900.000$ I2/5T6ÖOOI f •{BUTADIENE} BENZENE *4 »(BENZENE J- kwtm Jsvpobr UpEALKYLATlONJ TOLUENE _Jï,584,OOO» *4 •[TOLUENE y XYLENES XYLENES] 0ŒUM8SULR CACIO AMMOr CYCUJMEXANE n-PARAFFINE !•«•< immm I «.. IfK UH» WM. Ml NM Nt • 1 > MMfiint it i SECTION 1 (KX^OOOV^I D PEJ 26,620,000$ H 27,140,000 t _ (84joo'/y [CHLORINE] 188.300Vy)1BB.50UV> P VC 7.310,000$ 7,5IQ0OO$ I ( 50^700 Vjj ^|pônrsjYR)EitJ] STYRENE 1 12,360,000$ 8,695,000| (l2000Vy) [AMMONI A J ( 34,000 V y) jEbtrÄCRYL0NlTRR£5 •^RYlONlTRILEf 25,550000 $ _ (5QP 00 Vi) " 20.580,000$ ^^^^oejOpoVy) 10.236.000$ -»fwUlC ANHYDRIOC] 7.782,000$ t f l' I 1 r 12 ^>: IM :i 0»TI ocscfiimoN Tp«op r J 4 "REVISIONS K y OLEUMS SULFURI- JO« HO CACI I JAPAN OABOUNE CO., LTD. z (NIMÛH KIHATSUVU KABUJMWI IUISM» K 1* • t • •fePWOLACTAM |- ^irNY_L0N-__6_ (Case I ) Hun»1 CHIP 1,790000 | FIG P-i-i » w. 1.480,000$ « »! FltCft 23.TB0000 I NVESTMENT CAPITAL 1 .30, M KYI RFfgFI 5.280,000$ •» WWW ftMWWI N SECTION 2 TOTAL POWER 73.859 kw METHANE NttOTMMSí.Ff)) 1 Eg^g—Bsssa- —{ETHYLENE fcHLOM 2,364 kW ETHYLENE 1241.000 V f ETHANE PROIttC BUTANE (TUCKING CONDENSATE CONDENSATE CRACKING AMMf 1,930 »w (3.200 iw»/M r [CRACKED CASCLINE] [fl-8 FWACTIONI HYDROGEN -"•TPRORTLENE JÍU (AROMATICS lot ITADIENE PROOUCTON -• tifi: SMOMATICS 8UTâDIENEï1 ECOVEHY EXTRACTJONJJ W*» 568 k* 1 {_BBUTADIENE BENZENE >* BENZENE |I55,400V) DEAL KYLAT ION] fi OflOlM TOLUENE TOLUENE XYLENES XYLENES OLEUMS SULP çACID AMMO- CYCLOHEXANE n-PARAFFINE >•«•< («Mil i *. in. wm Mm awMi SECTION 1 I ico opo V y Jf L D _P Ê 1 25,253 kw J floppy yi -*|| "HOP E~1 [CHLORINE] 2; i ?4 kw 3.122 kw (50,TOO vy) |PÔLYSTWEN|J 1,568 kw i2.ooo'/y ACRnÛNlTWLf-l * Hi \ •l* ,-t * f J 1 S T ) t o r J J |p» p|cH PJAPPP DATI D(SC*IPTIOH__ r 14 ~ REVISIONS K ^ JO* NO JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. UTO. (£) (NIMON KIHATSUÏU KABUSHIKI KAISHA, F16 P - i - 2 ( Case I ) * »!' POWER i.' DATE SCALE CHko" APP 0 • c, 1.303 kw W8N8. -FO i « mm mmm m, u* | SECTION 2 TOTAL STEAM 7 1 7. 8 Vh METHANE 1,582,636 Ibv N(ï4()oMn.ito) ^tÛRALGA« NATURAL GAS PROCESSING¥ METHYLENE 222 ETHYLENE 489,410 lb./h ETHANE PROPANE BUTANE CRACKING CONDENSATE É:ONOENSATE CRACKING 12 0 'i*. (5,»ON«tVhi _ 2*445 V) ibt/i,' CRACKED GASOUNE] fe B FRACTION HYDROGEN H» -»[PRÒPYLENEJ- ildlIAflINf »PRODUCTION ffV\000%) »ROMATICSl BUTADIÈNE RECOVERY EXTRACTION 174 V„ TT33 Vh lb 38360 *M, [29.321 Vh »[BUTADIENE! BENZENE *-» BENZENE h¡55,400 - y) |DEALKYLATION] TOLUENE {TOLUENEJ ^-—' e,aie°it>^ XYLENES *-——*[x^LENEs] OLEUM CACIO CYCLOHEXANE n-RARAfTlNE MOft MIMI«! Hiw IN « IN MMI m mm MMUM M., m. INN. um. m wum m SECTION 1 l'Oo.OQQ.Víl -1 L l> P E J 18 9 'Vh 41 667 "»/h J 70,0Q.QVjt), H U P E [CHLORINE] iiejooV/ r V C M 1 2 12 Vh 27 9 Vh 46 737 !<»/„ 61,447 lbJ/h (50.700 V») i __1.6_.5QQ''rj 4PO_LYSTYRENE F STYRENE — 1 4 0 */ 94 7 Vh n 8919 "»/(, 208,7 74 H>»/ [AMMONIA] h (12,000 Vj) RYUJNlTRILEj}- -*pyA(c ACFfYLONITRU- 3 8 Vh 3" 3 \ 8.377 H^/h 75/61 7 I t>Vh (50£00_V_) 7 •__ 151 % 34,906 ,M/h EIC ANHYPRIPEj ~- 292 ~Vh 64.300 •»/h V.. ! * I' I I O P I 2 r i i R ol.M WHPC NO DtSCRIP'ION p I « REVISIONS H ¥ OLEUMS SULFUR I- JO« NO CACIO AMMONIA JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTO « r 118,000'/» (17.700 Vy) ÍNIHON KIHATSUYU KABUSMIKI K»ISM» it it i- • •^APROLACTAMJf- •»JNYLON- 6- F J FIG p-1-3 (Case I) 1=1 ~ 268 Vh 59X»3 IB»/h CHIP * i 13,446 '"Vh STEAM l* f tf « riBER 2 5 '/„ 5.511 ">V h mm. •FO « imi «MUM «. m SECTION 2 TOTAL COOLING WATER i 59,8.30 Vh METHANE 263,552 GPM Nf^ «HMD) ^TURALjA^-^p^^^l^ ETHYLLMt 9,919 /h ETHYLENE «J8B5GPM (?4Lp00'//) ETHANE P«*ANE BUTANE CRÍCKING CONDENSATE T^l CONDENSATE CRACKING i 6I,|»9 OPM l3,»0NmVt.| |cfMCKE0GA90Uf€ fi-B FRACTION) •PROP vi Er ¡F HYDROGEN 1',,T»riHf |(S5jD0oVy) |PRODUCTION| 30.000V» 8Í t/n AROMATICS BUTADIENEDIE 777 <*" IfiECOVtRV [EXTRACTIONACT 609 %" 'h 2 682 GPM 1337GPM lì M HUTADIENF BENZENE BENZENE ih-.: s- |(55,,4ooV,; DEAlKYLATlON J 3 98> ''r TOLUENE TOLUE NE J- I 7 564 Gf M XYLENES XYLENES lOLEUlW io _i ICACID m mm mm t mmmvm mim «• M m mmn p mm mum m. m «m mm m mm MI * IIMN. Í SECTION 1 L D P I 3^ '/h 1446? GPM i ru, oiJCi'/y) HJ) P F 1 6,1 H 7 % 2725 4 GPM ( 84 100 Vyl 'CHLORINE ^88,300 V_y) 1 pvc | J""~V C M ])- -I 5.309 Vh 2 230 »/„ 2 3.387 GPM 9,82 3 GPM (50,700 Vyl (62,500 [/I) -wj.POlYSTYRFNE | 4_STYRENE 1} I 13 1 »/h 1,184 Vfi 5 '•> GPM 5,214 GPM ( 12,00 0 Vy) ( 34,000'/» -JtoLY ACRYlONITRll.E lj kCRYLONITRIl Ej 455 '/„ 2,146 % 2 002 GPM 9,4 56 GPM I 50000 Vy) p •• "i 505 I Vh 2 2,248 GPM I w ooo Vyl SBH !| I 391 '4, 6.129 GPM WEJC_AWYDRtDFJ 79 5 t I I 0 I' I .' l I' I ' >PR n* H r>A» 'i NO j 0«Tf [ »tsf.Hll'IlON I' J < ~ «VISIONS H I i Imo N< lOLEUMàSULFURI- JO« NO ICACIO AMMONIA, JAPAN GASOLINE CO . LTD ( i8JX»J/)f) ( 17.700 '/y ,NIMUN KIHMSUHI KABUSMIM *«!*«» 4! NYLON[-J6_-_F J .•KAPROLACTAM Case I •1 FIG P-l-4 < ' ' V Yf3 " Vh 2 13 Vn CHIP 1,378 GPM 9 36 GPM COOLING WATER l 30,000 VyJ t 18 /h O»TI sc »if ___ fLWAft~ FlBtR 80 GPM *wr> 1,909 'h 8,410 GPM mm. •FO •I. M Ml m Ml WW MIMMI IMI" IT MtTtN NWM M M»M IM»M M, If!. mi * mm. i È-TinToTi TOTAL FUEL 6 kca 66.11 «IO ^ METHANE :66.5l »IO*BTU/h HU ii»iv"f"Fr) ATURAL GAS (NATURAL GASJ jwu PROCESSING! -*(ÌTHYLENE j- 3 03«IO°ticot/h ETHYLENE IZ02ilO*BTU/h 12*LOOO_V£J ETHANE PROPAiJE SITANE CRACKING • t CONDENSATE [CONDENSATEJ- CRACKING n,200Wm'hl IcRACKED GASOLINi] [fi B FRACTION] il HYDROGEN ! H; -^PROPYLENE}- "WFATIP; ~"||^i7mENt 'PRODUCTION «53,000 7 y> I , 5.55 «iC^liiol/h 2l.a>**BTiVh BUTADIENE CXTRACnON 0 80«IO*Kcol/h 3l9«IO*BTU/h [BUTADIENE} BENZENE 5.400/y) nEALKrLATlONJ TOLUENE ] - 9 I H&ktaiA> 3fcll «lü6BTU* XYLENES OLEUM' CACID CYCLOHEXANfc LU n- RftRAEFlNE Q. IM M m m t IMMUNI MINI MI ii IH nmm w imi M. m. tun, UNI. ««INI« mm i SECTION 1 ¡HK./'OO Vy) -4 -H' .-, ;; i;.E J IH« oo Vy) (88^00 /y) V C M -4 lîlfli IO« kcal/h MWi IO* BTU/ti fV; Y S ir WEN E [STYRENEJ •*! 2525 « IO* kcol/h 10021 « IO* BTU/h ( 12^00 Vj) [AMMONIA] go'/yi i -pip. •' flf.HVLONlTPlLE | -•«focRYLONITRITRR3|-1 i_'O,000_7 -T _( 35 000 Vy) 4*L£IC ANHYDRlD|j tu* OLEUMS SULFURl- JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTD W _(.i8£00_yjt) NIMON KIHATSUVtJ K»HUSHIKI RAISMA I 17.700 y Y) ^frjYL.CN- f. - FJ — »fopROLACTAM [~ FIG p-i-5 (Case I) 670« IO6 kcol/h Üö2« lO^Kcol/h FUEL 2660« lO'BTlVh CHIP j24, lo'eru* * I [ 30.000 Vy) T * FtBC « it •tv I 2045« 10* «col/h 81 17« lO'BtU/h OWGW. -FOl MI NMM. m mumm WM MTWIW mn H win MIMMI m mu WMM M. I» ulMI* '•*«• ( SECTION 2 ¡TOTAL LABOUR OPERATOR 2.668 MFTHANF ! SUPERVISER 292j NMnrFM , ft)) ^, H-^feSSSi ETHYLENE UPE 32 ETHYLENE SUP 4 1 ETHANE PROPANE BUTANE CRACKING •Ç—f r.ONDRfiSAIF ] '' CONDENSATE <• CRACKING i . ..i OPE rz A r SUP i¿ i * i r • -i It CRACKED GASOUNEl B B FRACTION! -m\ PROPYLENE I HYDROGEN' Hi r J»RM» 'i:' IPUHOIENE ;PROOUCTK>T ( / ) ,1 ..... "7' ' 1(30,000% OPf I'/ ÍMOMATK'í .;HUTA[HENÊ 11 SUP « |JRfci>vEH>jJ ilr VTRACTION'] OPE 36 OPE I? SUP 4 ¡SUP 4 HUfAliiF NF ( BENZENE RtNJENl -per- 'ÍTALKUATI' N< TOLUENE JOPE w TOLI.ifTIE (- SUP A XYLENES XYLÉ.NES OLEi CAC W |CtCL')Hf HANI ». ¿I C' (1 l h- ' Ul n PAWAFHNÍ t- n NOH IM MNt M M > 'MflMTMl MUM *M II ¥ MMM MUM H. Il», tmi. HftM. Ml «M" Ht M TMM. IMTNMMtt r> SECTION 1 j_IOqC0O_Vjy) -t """"" OPE" 260 SUP I 6 [To^goovj) -4 tü. D P E OPE 200 SUP 2 0 (84 100 VV) ¡CHLORINE 186,300'/y) P V c V CM | -r ' J OPE Í OPE 80 SUP 16 SDP I 2 (50700 V y) t 62,WO Vj ) POLYSTYRENE STYRENE ' —H OPE 56 OPE 16 SUP 8 SUP 4 _Jl21000'/y) ^V>,OOP Vjí) LY ACRYLONITWLE I :RYLONITRIL OPE 252 SUP 16 ( 30,000 Vy) OPE 64 SUP 8 OPE 120 M5.0Ü0 '/») SUP 12 ' /lAlEICANHYPRIDEJ OPE 40 SUP e V! NO OATl ' DtSCdlfllON '''"'"""fjru RCVISIONS JOR NO |nK' NT| ¡OLFUMa SULFUR I * JAPAN OABOLINE CO LTD BACILI AMMONIA jj4POoVï) NIHI N mH»ISU»ll KAHUSMInl K«1',H» UUSñIíA INYLON- 6 F [ '.APROLACTAMJ FIG P- 1-6 (Case I ) OPE 32 OPE 36 SUP 8 CHIP SUP 4 LABOUR ( 30.000 Vy) soi r ...NEAR Ì t .m 0PE l20C B SUP 120 Turnr naALKYi BENZENE! OPE I f> SUP 4 DW6N8. -F „mmmim m» m „mnumim«* «*« m M» KNMM M WM MM« •». "• TUMI HtiNMMH. rmmtm m i STCÏÏÎH 2 TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 202,784.000 I «MIHI • « m iMm « MM HM« ». in. m mm. «• *MI MI N na* | SECTION 1 (COOOO'/j) !;PE j] 9.5 ropoò I p/di. 'j.ooo'/jrt 12 480,000 t r ¡CHLORINE] (53,800 Vy) i ji.2O0 __i _V__C.M_ P V C 'i 5 420,0001 5,580000 f f 48,300 Vy) (58.100 Vy) •f STYRENE .}- POLYSTYRENE| 2 000.000$ B,290.000| ( 12,000 LY /CRYLDNlTRlfl'sì 25560.000 $ ( 40,000 Vy) P P I] 18,000,000 $ jL3°.ooo'V SB R _....:] 6.880,000 $ ÁmjEC ANHYDRIDE!] 7782,000 i * m i i r l i i i OlSCRIPTION ¡f» 0JCMJ1|¡ P I 4 REVISIONS l< • OLEUMS SULFURt- JOI NO HtQ "ill 1CACID AMMONIA JAPAN 0A8OLINC CO . LTD ( 17,700 Vy) UßS>9°M NKION KIMATSUVU KABUSHIM KAISMA K fi I * »¡NYLON-6-FJ) 1 -•^CAFTOLACTAM| FIG p-2-1 (Case 2) ini»« I I 460,000$ CHIP I 790,000 $ V FIBER 23.780,000 $ f '* CAPITAL INVESTMENT > I ( 30.000 Vjrl f « JjNEAR 1 n»TE 5.1» ^|_KYl BENZENE TUTTB cu« D 5,280,000$ mm. •FO « TIMI. I • HV MMR, RM »W IH MT MNW V»ll»IMi fVNH IV VMftt» « WM HMM « • M. f SECTION 2 TOTAL POWER 49.864 k" •—{ETHYLENE 1 ,CM! .•< 1 / ETHYLENE \ \ I 30.000 Vy/ CONDENSATE 1 (CONDENSATE I » . CRACKING AMN' 1,313 kw (l.OOONmVhl HYDROGEN Ü PRODUCTION CRACKED GASOLI* , ¡B-B FRACTION -•JPROPYLENE If ' LAROMATICSï IburWfN fUaOOOVy ) ftI' 24.000 V y ) ) AROMATIC S ! BUTADlENf WCOVERYJ EXTRACTION r 321 UN li5 > m» I BUTADIENE L BENZENE BENZENE iwum— Ji "54 000 Vy) joEALKrLATIoJ | 1,023 H« TOLUENE J HTOLUENE h XYLENES XYLENES OLEUM a S! CACI D AMN' CYCLOHEXANE L—I n-PARAFFINE MOU *»•*> «mm«« MIM IN * m im« m mm mmm M in mm. urn. m wu m m mm. | SECTION-! I ( 56,100 Vy) •flpOlYSTYRENE I,4'J4 kw 1100 li ( 12,000 '/*) (22/ttO V») 3LYACRYIDNITWILE(| •J^CRYLONITRILE 2,121 kw 1.667 H" ( 40,000 Vy) P P __ l| Í.Í56 Kw [ 30,000 '/yj 2,034 kw ^__[35!ooqjV)f) -JpALEC ANHYDRIOJ 7,645 kw » «• » «i t ! ' -i ï I1 I I S] I' I 2 I' I 1 PROk:Mt)i*('i'i NO DATI DlscmpTiow role r i » REVISIONS" K I- |RCQ WO[ ¡OLEUM a SÜLFUW-l LCAÇIP.AMMONIAJ JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTD. iii.ooo Vti (£) ÍNIHOH KIHAISUYU K»«üSHIKI KAISHA »! •'; (17^700, YLON- g - F ì\ ^fc i m um «KM N, i» um . m mum m MNN MMNIM IMH « MITIN I ul III • IIK«. «•»• r SECTION 2 TOTAL STEAM 322 I f/h ( 709,630 lb^ ) ETHYLENE 'CHU / ETHYLENE \ \ 130,000 vy/ CONDENSATE CRACKING i AM tv 54 2 % lb, 119,489 /h HYDROGEN Hi •ROOUCTION |0»ACKE 0 GASOLINE 1 |B 8 F«ACN 0M -»JPROPYLENE \- tABOMATlCSN llUTAOlENF ^°°°V 1(24,000»/,. [BUTADIENE NOTI IM MM • « • «MM HTM MM II I« «Mn * WM MMM II. III. INN. MMN. MIIHU HT M 'Mtl. IMIMMPm. milium l ( SECTION 1 ( 60,000 Vy ) D P _E_ J 114 r/h 25,052 "»/h I 20, OOP Vy) _H D P_JE_ 17 7 <* 38.970 IH*, 'CHLORINE (5|joo Vy) ^__ ' Sj^.Qp Vy V CM ¡| X, p.y_cl I 17 0 % I 2 9 % 37,439 IbVf, 28,504 •4, __,. (48300Vy> TTYRLñI »(ÌPOLYSTYRE'NEII 88 0 îTVh 8,497 't>Vh 194.070 IM/h IAMMONIA I I 2,000 Vy ) ( 22,000 Vy) : L_ jftCRVt-ONITRILElI •POLY ACRYLONlTRlLE^j 22 2 \ l6 8,351 't>V>, 48991 »/h (40,000 Vy) P P 4 19 Vh 92,414 lbt-h ^ 30,000 '/y S_B R 12 5 ( 35.000 Vy) 27,557 ,3 IM/r, *W EC ANHìWIDEj "-~29 2~% -64,300 't»/h w » * '» . J I' 1 I it P J 2 £ I' IJ DtSCRIPTION [PR|PR 0|CNo|cH OlAPPD P I 4 REVISIONS K » OLEUMS SULFURI- JOI NO Ko. wo i CACID ADONIA JAPAN GASOLINE CO., LTD. • 8 (I 17,7017,7000 Vy) (NIHON KIMATSUYU KARUSHIHI HÍI5H» I! «• »pPROLACTAM fr ^NYLON-6- F j *- • FIG p-2-3 (Case2) 6 I % it w CHIP S TEAM 4 '» 13.389 l»/h * ! « •' OATt SCAIC Jt» riBE« •mru CHTO äPTTT 2.5 \ II • 5.595 ib«/ STv" fc mm. •FO t mil«*«», milium « i RI. Ml Ml m Ml PWIH lUINHtl I i m mm HKUM M . in. SECTION 2 TOTAL COOLING WATER 32.784 Vu 144,451 GPM ETHYLENE / ETHYLENE \ | I 30,000 Vj' CONDENSATE ^ONDEINSATE CRACKING 7 879 % _ l%000*«wHo 347 09 GPM HYDROGEN Hi PRODUCTION CRACKED GASÖL.INE]II le- B FRACTION L-fcjPROPYLENE j- T /AROMATICSca 1|ll ADifNf fUaOOOVyV ( 24,00o'// ? UROMATICS I BUTADIENE ! jpECOVERvjJ I EXTRACTION, 552 Vh j 606'/h 2.4 30 GPM 2,6700PM •H BUTADIENE I- BENZENE • -V) JBENZENE I 54,000 ÍDEALKYLATION' J 3.886 Vh TOLUENE j) »{TOLUENE ]• I 7, I20GPM XYLENES i—4;,XYLENES OLEU' J CACI! CYCLOH£XANE n-PARAFFINE MOW «Wl«l HUM Mam iMww M um wwc M. IN. mm, mm. m mux MI H >«««• ' SECTION 1 ; lUIMIIM im« •» •*"» ««w •' "»" U'MM " l" SECTION 2 ¡TOTAL FUEL | 56 4 7 "10 kCOl/h 224. 12 xl06BTU/h ETHYLENE ¡ ETMYtENE \ \ 130,000^/jfj CONDENSATE CONDENSATE CRACKING iJjOOONmVnl ll HYDROGEN II Hj ! CRACKED GA<30UNENE [BB B FRAC:rioNJ lUCTlON f few pROPYLf NF UnMAHCS) I»'"*1»* M _ f4BpooVy' fripon'/, ABOMATIC (RECOVERY t, ,mu im mn • m » immun* •»«* M* n IM mmii H MM* «MM M. ira. ram «MI. M" M*" "•' * - '•'<••••• rai" I SXC T10 N ~1 (60,000 .VjtJ, -HI "L~ 0 P E t_£0,_oQOZ300 Vil -*i| H D"P F;1 J-5L200 CHLORINF J 153,600.'/* ) -*t_. ycM~~u- -L" P V C 1 815 t IO* «cnl/ti 32* « IO6 BT U/h I 58, loo _'./>) -•pO JLKLNL, Ih •IfOLYSTYRFNE | 2347 « l06dcol/h 93 15 « I & BTIJ/ I AMMONIA 1 h 1 I2.00U12,000'/jl /^) t82,OQO'/U H|%Y^>L0NITR1£| f —»|\CRYL0NITRILB i5P£P° Vi ÜaQQgl/Ji 4LEC ANHrWOtl ' * t i' 11 r i J r J i D*Tl 01SCÄIPTI0N ¡PH ok. H njAPPu p J « REVISIONS K > IR(.J NO TOL FUM a SULFURTI ¡CACIO. AMMOMA J JAPAN GASOLir.f. CO.. LTD. » ï (i eoo ZU Hi fl t'7.^00'/ .NIHON KIHA1SUVU KAHUSHIHI KAISMA) .--•^[rm.ON-6- F I » —-^APROLAÇTAM FIG P-2-R (Case2) * .: * Tro « i of Ncoi/h , _ 0 82« IO*Ncol/V, S 4 V 2660« IO 6fTU/ CHIP 6 FUEL h 324«I0 BTU4) I» 1 f 3O000 Vjf) .,•'•' 3 l| FISE" TWFTT A * 2045» IO€»col/h 81 17 « I 0* 8TU/h DWG NO •FO M NU fM Ml MMN «•»•*««« iWWt M MTIH rUMMM ¥ J*U HMM N .III. iteti ftlHMIH«i. INIWMU • I SECTION 2 TOTAL LABOUR OPERATOR 2.476j SUPERVISER 2681 (.H ' lETHYLENt —- / ETHYLENE \ { ijo.ooo v,; CONDENSATE JCONOENSATE CRACKING Af.' OPE 60 (î.oqnNmVhi SUP 8 * HYOROGEN ÜL •CfWCKEO GASOLINE |B-B FWVCriONj IPROPYI ENE PRODUCTION! l/AROMATiCS^i/AROMATlCS\ | II11 Mil'N: ~~ "f)PÏ ' I Í #4e.ooo'M ¿>4,xl>0 '/y I SUP 4 ,, l MM. Itf» >•• tWI NI M ' NOTI nu „*,»*. «WMII« •"«I •" » '« WW«»" •» •»« »»•" " " * I SECTION 1 OPE 80 SUP 12 ; í 4 e, 11 •< ' y ' (5810 0 Vy) •• !' LYSTYRENL J s T Y~RENï OF'F *>2 OPE I 6 SUP 8 SUP 4 I ¡.HXJO '/y) ( 22,000 Vy) «¡<> SUP ' 6 4 140,000 Vy) OPE 60 SUP 8 ( 30,000 '/»> •I S_B.FL.._ '| OPE 100 ¿35,000'/y) SUP I ¿ iAL£ICflNMïDRIDE|| OPE *> SUP 8 r 1 .' !• 1 1 1 1 „otoMtt iKS.:Rirt,OM~ WfU ^— 1' 1 4 l ' ~ ' REVISION«; 1. h T¿.N0| |«^ N°l — 'OLEUM a 9ULFLW A JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTD m ï. CAClD.AMMOMA i i8,ooo_Vy) W (NIMON WMATSUYIJ KAHUSHIW KA.SH. i » *!»«' *|NVLÓÑ - 6 - F 1 FIG P-2-6 (Case2) lO0PE 36 CHIP ggp 4 LABOUR OPE 1.200 MIE Sr>lf „5 >« F'SER sup l20 TÏÏTP& l""" *' ' il t mue no. "F O (M M «1 WM «MMN« «»' « M TUMI. MU SECTION 2 TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT 369.828.000 • (ETHTLENt . ETHYLENE —• FCHLORINE VMO.OOO 1/,) 1 NAPHTHA NAPHTHA CRACKING M .600.M0Ü f CHLORINE H? LIME I2i500'/,i |ifl,moN<"Vhi (J»9000Vyl _. 1*1000''>' i,..A°Jh 11 (•HACKED GASOLINE B-B FRACTION! I5OÔ.OÔ0 Í Hi ¡'ROGEN |i PFtOMOlON |! MOHMTKS \ |MITMKNE —-^PROPYLENE J—< .!• 19 000 V, I 1*^000'/» I 1,7-flä.nnol AROMATICS ¡BUTADIENEÌ RECOVERY pTRACTC*j «•..•'1.000 1 |4 ¿iOOOO | BUTADIENE HEN/FM HFNZENE CHLORINE NITRIC ACID PHOSGFN F i Tul UFNf "- —' TOLUENE C MF"!- I •../ HI I'J I , ft'| XYLENES h XYLENE - P xYl FNE | f •^EREPHTHALir AC " tj|f— < j i • «4 I I i ) " f J'.' i. i >Cl i> Aj'r .'•• ! liJ ¿I HF XANL O i or ¡ F- "- n-PAH Ar F IN I- Non MiMifi 'wmmrn uttu m ii m MWIIIT M WH MIMI« I) 01 IMTI. uria »» s»' I Ml M tuffi. MUMMT««, MffMum R unii I SECTION 1 1110,000 t/.I f LP P E 31 I'JO 0003 I { ,'0OU0 l/y .fl HDPE j 2 r 140.0001 f CHLORINE ] 198,000 I/Jü I 9 VOOO I /«I Ì Í I 110.0 I > '{J> FPOIYSTYRLNE"")] llfc* nit) I •jpawwYLOMTmr^l tzZEr:3 16,i'60.0001 I Virion i/«i fr/IALEIC ANHYDRIDEJ CHLORINE 9 fiw.ooo I NITRIC ACID * ft X PHOSGEN 130,000 "f' m * •*• i« ,1 T pTj H » [METHANOL ¿1,4 10.0001 E G t f r-RCI I A, r j i M I' ' 161.400 1/(1 I ligOO */|l NO DATE DiSCPlPTION P* 0 CM OUPPUo[»p PI » : • 'EWlf>UHAUr AC DMT 4POL^ESTER~F REVISIONS K F t 10.480,000 t "toooooi JOi NO JUL .".EUM a SULFURIC JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTD. R S i ACID AMMONiA I I'. TOO '/»I iNIHON KIM*TSUVU K»8USHIKI lt»«M») CAPROLACTAM ' •! •c FIG. P- 3-1 l'46Q0O0| CHIP I./90.000I r ft H BER ¿S. '90.000 t CAPITAL INVESTMENT SO. ion i/,i I VJ "J'I '/J> ( COM 3 ) <ñ rwf ABR At Mil « • __ÜL H/IHL. li Tirnr a» f ¿00.000 I OifiNI. -FO < IIU1I PltTMMPMI. PMIWMM N I i M m MMN, M MI m un mm INIMM« MWPT M mm« « MM MMUM II. III. SECTION 2 TOTAL POWER 19.475 Hw [ CHLORlf- /ETHYLENE \ ETHYLENE — V300.000 l/,/ I NAPHTHA NAPHTHA CRACKING CHLORINE! H2 LIME ""I maooo'/yi It4l,000'/yi P~Ó" ll*iJpONm*hl [CRACKED GASOLINE] la-e FRACTION HYDROGEN L PRODUCTION —| PROPYL£Ñ¿~1 1 JlWSOOOt/yJ fctS.OOO'/,! AROMATICSI BUTADIEN! RECOVERYJ EXTRACTION! I.3j2k« 1.231 ko JBUTADIEÑF|- Hf NYfcNL BENZENE I.OOÖ'/yl CHLORINt IOEALKYLATIONJ NITRIC A I •! PHOSGEN ~| 1.40^ ka T''lUFNh «- TUL UENE~|- ,5'í.h^'t "< ' M NL o L f N P- XYLLNtJ|—< TEREWTHAUC ACIDj 4ÏÏIÎ »"« ut *A"Jt I ÄIV.V I IN Noit no um * w a wmw Hmi m n IM NMíII M mi umni n m itttt. ma m IMI HI M WII ntiimmi. mmum i ( SECTION 1 H30000 t/yl •f" L P P E ?,".8<;s >« ( rc.ooot/.i HOPE d 7 955«. CHLORINE 1 I 9R.OO0 '/» » __J \l C M ~J|- ( 93.000 •/»! j,46Ï>» P V C 1 1136,0001/«! ¿348 1» STYRENE~îh 1110,000 l/»l "P POLYSTYRENE ; 25.500 '/»I I WWi(l I/, ,v4or>» 644 to [AMMONIA] I44R('(I I/» I _lj£0OOj/H ' -|flCRY"LONlTRTLf|- k)LYACRYLONlTRILE-j V lfl>« 1100.000 t/»l p p ^1 (»3. WO V» I I 50 000 '/ ' •PMALEC ANHWy lOV.'k« CHLORINE NITRIC ACID PHOSGEN * » .'vi > r i i METHANOL I' I .' r i i D»tl I DlscRiftiON Ir«I l>lI>ITH:KI ojt^i' _l W.100j_/» I f i * _ * REVISIONS i< i ^PHTHALIC ACipjf- J0* NO I 41" IT»» OLEUM a SULFURIC JAPAN GASOLINE CO., LTD ACID AMMONIA , NIHON KIMATSUVU KKHUSMIKI B«ISM« I .T.iln CM f 611 m FIG P-3-2 FIBCR «i0>« POWER (Cose 3) LlNfAR'W^' DMl SC»ll BENZEN. l'ÄJP'll ( 1 liti M. -F »en rHiMimn mumvm m M Ml IHM Mi «M« fi« Ht WM IMNMI (Mm •» «Mm HMMH. M J*M I I. Iti fTEuToN 2 TOTAL STEAM 9423 Vh 2.077 38 lbH F CHLORINE /eTHYLENt \ JTHYLENE ]— \ 300.000 !/»/ NAPHTHA NAPHTHA CRACKING CMLORWE 1250 t/h LIME ia.soo'/,i H2 275 6 'M/h IH9.000 '/,! _ 1141.000 «/»I PO JOONmVhl k 29 5 t/h r [CRACKED GASOLINE] B-e FRACTION] M6**/h |A. HYDROGEN AtlfADIfWE | PROPYLENE j- PRODUCTION 1I ,i ASOMATICS \ I [Vl'mnOO'/Vl'mnOO'/»/ \i£65,1)00 •/»! AROMA; icsj ¡fiuTADIf NF ¡I i'RECOVERY pTRACTÜNj fi J Vh ,>« ? t/h 44 0 '»/h 6.5 3 *»/h BUTADIENE ..'• 'i\ J—( -[BENZENE ]- imi« || f4,llQ0 Vrl CHLORINE 1 NITRIC ACID PHOSGEN J TOLUENE IMET^ 119.600 '/»l 152.ÍO0 '/,I H XILENE l'p- XYLENEJ- EREPHTHALC ACID3- 66 l ">Vh [OLEUM b ACID AMM 1_ MOH HI» Ulti II «I « "«Um ti »IMI > I SECTION 1 L D P f 4 > : h •ÎT.HDPE I r> i » i H l '6 4 Hi n CHLORINE I9«UOO '/»I V C M 1 -I f- v r '.11') !/h 1—Ï .Tu i l/h NE VA S ir*/h POLYSTYRENE || l 25,800 '/yl I «ifi'i() l/jp P 0 | 29 3 '/li IR"» I li R ih«'« 646 *Vh [AMMONIA] I «14 M'IO I//I I .¿Or " ''|i |ftCR fi.nrji IRILF] POLYACBYLONirRttf-li 1 H t„, i/t, H .1 <*vn l'JH ItiS.'i P P .4 >i I • < -i il.'. . Hi 5 (4r '/t. IW'IM"' 1., !(, ,' '»Vf, j^aiEir. ANHCIWH I, CHLORINE NiTRIC ACID PHOSGEN iSO.OrO l/,i T D ! T 30 0 ' /'• [METHANOL] 6(. I 'tis/h E G I . Hi 'IHN I52.SOO t/,1 i e t 4'>Q t/,i I i¿ ri 1/,. ; HIV .'-Ns 11 eWtPHTHALC ACIOJ- DMT -J- r Ot>F.:;"TER"rí " 30 0 '"h ,b 146 0« 'trt/n H4 il. í 66 i V"["OLEUM0 a SULFURIC ^& JAPAN GASOLINE CO , LTD lACIO AMMONIA 1 CAHRDi û:FAM IP ijf 0'| r, F , (, H ' ' i- FIG P - 3 - 3 STF AM íCü'.e V: |50.00( ' y L!KfAR Alk, HFN/mf DWG HO -F mo rigiHiiMM mimmi M limateli i» MV »«•*« MI utt« iti <»i intrisi «MISODII HUM IT M.UH «HUHU H UHM «min ci. in SECTION 2 TOTAL COOLING WATER 83.241 t/h 364.863 6PM CHLORlNf /ETHYLENE \ ETHYLENE \ 300.000 >/»/ —r~ NAPHTHA NAPHTHA D CRACKING CHLOMNE 18, IM • /»» Hi 80.0*9 GPM LIME lasoqÄ 1 P 0 HW.OOO'/.I Ü41000 /»! =fsr KJAÎEÎ5' CRACKED GASOLINESOUNEj B-B FRACTION] SS74 HYDROGEN I BUTADIENE PROPYLENE PRODUCTION M0M«riCS\ IW.000I/W |l»S.OOO'/>l pROMATlCS ¡BUTADIENE! su«* ¡RECOVERY RACnONJ 2.2M «/* I ¿41 V&r 10.072 am 7.231 am BUTAOIENE BENZENE i-i BENZENE o rmORINE o |DEAUCTIATBN] MTRIC ACI < PHOSGEN x 5 32« l/l» tu ÎI.IJS GPM IZ- TOLUENE TOLUENE in.Ko'/ti (U.tOO lu n PARAFflN NOTI IM IMI • M • MW«* MIM M» M IH IMMITI W iWM IMHHÌ M. 111. INN. »NI Mi < SECTION 1 1130.0000'/y Vil I -\ L D P E 4 <>6è í/i» iBBOOOPM i TO iino1 i'/»I/»i H 0 P E 3 l. i Rii /I» ¿,' ,">4(,PM CHLORINE 9B.0O0 '/» I i 1111X1 l/»l P V C S 871 It«a !•} Hfa4(,PM :||l Ul<1 I/Jl ..«MEI 4 I'Ol <'.>TYWNEJ| I 12*900 »/»I " J ^dH ..I'M P 0 J- am AMMONIA zx: •I^A fftCRYLÛNlTRIlEjH il1.", I/K ;• i i ,<'.i'M r P P 3 li .Oi !/•>' 4.1 4'WGPM •rzxzn;! K 1 000 I '/ I 1 ,i!l I/I" i 5 ÍHBGPM IV), OOP l/| I MALEIC ANIKfiPinf ' i i Mi i '».< CHLOWINC •S nofif.PM I * NiTRIC ACID '• Hi PHOSGEN T D I I' I I X P I 2 J 590 1'* E G I' 1 1 METHANOL 15. 769 GPM .01 |PROllM«AI'PD WO I 0»T« j OCSOiPIIOH r i 4 I i.1 000 '/»I (M.tOO '/> ) 161.«00 ''»I REVISIONS K (• TV -HNHEPHTHAUC ACIDJ 0 M T I JO» NO RIO "O Ì Ï 2 f,')? '/M I 911 1'Or TÏJTW I i 680 GPM JAPAN GASOLINE CO , LTD z »,7»40MH B.J3HGPM (X£UM ft SULFURIC $ (NIMON KIM»tSU»U K»BUSMIHI K»lSM» \: » i id non t/.i ACID AMMONIA I •' 701. 'V i * - » CAPROLACTAM N , MM UHkM ». »• N fimi. NM« I Ml MMI. Ml IM fu M' WW MtlNIM INI" If «mi I SECTION 2 TOTAL FUEL 129 02 xlO,teo,/h 511,97 xlO'BTU ETHYLENE i CHLOR IN. (ETHYLENE \ \300DOO'/ll f NAPHTHA [NAPHTHA CRACKING rCHLOWCl 1_LIIy*_J I 25.9 H? à i 1 IDHOOO^Iwoo if ¡BENZENE BENZENE fimbw.— | I 74,000 V ». f.MLORINf o O ; |DEAU M9 000 •/1 I JS2.8 UJ ¿, HE>/\NL ¡A-VAfHN I- NOTI IM nm »it 'MMNTIM uim m n m mum w MTH MMMM N. HI IMII un« MHÉiniN mm. mmurtn mi«u< <» SECTION 1 V IIV'O Vf I uo V| i HI -E .J| [ CHLORINE i: 98.000 _'//) ,,r uno'/„I 4 C ; *M .KLNEJ l ,' .ni)0 Vyl p";w:nnoMirMLE-i f' (' 1 l H' .jf-o Vfl I 50,000 7«l •IIALEIC ANHYDRIDE CHLORINE NITRIC ACIO PHOSGEN (JO 000 '/yl __J_ -—£¡Xu3 • • • METHANOL] - - - [^ EG MO j D»Tt 1 DlSCniPTION PK 0* M IIA. I (52.SOOV») It 1.400 t/jl MP.OOO'/»1 REVISIONS TEREPHTHAlT. ACIO •ESTER FJ -Ë JOB NO ! |RfQ NO : «5J«IO,»«l/h 6 33 I 10* »"!/(., 25 93«iC*BTlV 25 111 IO*»'1''/», 4 GASOLINE CO . LTD il OLEUM S SULFURIC ACQ AMMONIA I r;,I '.'ta: 'f'u V.iVjl , id OQO'/f! ^^ NIHON KIMATSUVU KAHUSHIKI KAISH« i -|CAPROLACTAM| h'LUN - 6 -F FIG P -3-5 fi ro • IO*»"l/li ,)U2 iiC*»c«l/h ¿6 60 «10» HI U/h H|M 3 24HÜ« /* FUEL (Case 3) SO.!''!'1'//! •TR~aUKYL ¡ [1ATE <.( Al I •PSÜLNZLNL j; mn 34 U9 i IU* kr,'l/tl i35 /8 » 'C*tí''J/h OWfiW. I» Hill 101 H IHM* »Mill»! MIINlim M Umilili M M< Müll. IM NU »M Un NWIll fMIÍHWI HCl« M Mimi HHlllW Ol lUU HMI« " »» SECTION 2 TOTAL LABOURS OPERATOR 3.308 SUPERVISER 3601 NAPHTHA Hz lie.jnoNmVM HYDROGEN PROOUC HON Hl U:\ NF I t '.I a • PAKAi'' NOTI MfMIIIIII MWNIIIM •„„-.»«.m — —.»">~"~— «-»—» ""•"• " ""' SECTION 1 IllO.OOO '/yl i— "L. 1~LTP E 1 OI'E 260 '.UP I fi I fU.UOO'/jl HOPE OPE 200 CHLORINE ¡98.000 '/»i SUP 20 _1 . I9.V000 V«l Ci V C"\j¡ OPE HO SUP 16 [~ STYRENE _|[ UK) ODO '/y I OPf 20 CHLORINE POLYSTYRENE SUP 4 1 LIME I 25.500 »/(I I 30.000'/»> npE BO T •T P r, SDP 12 OPE HO OPE 4B [AMMONIA ] sup « ( i?.ooo i/yi St IP 12 14» ROO '/j I JpOI.YACRYLONfTRII •|f\CRíi OMIPILEI rA 48 OPL 262 4 1100.000 '/yl "p p ' 1! on rr, sui e 1 RS,0"0 l/yl 1 s -H_H_ - il OPL 180 SUP 20 IW.OOO '/yl H[MALEIC ANHfliRlOE on 40 CHLORINE SDP e NITRIC ACID PHOSGEN I 30 000'/»! » OPE 3/ METHANOL SUP e E G | r, I 400 '/yl t 12,000 '/yl 152.«» l/jl 4.POLYE5TER-F1; SI VIVONS EREPHTHALIC ACID M 1 •O .1" OPF y.'o •f OPE 32 on SUP 4 SUP OLEUM 8 SULFURIC Ç JAPAN GASOLINE CO.. LTD ] 18.000 '/yl ACID AMMONIA I 17.700 »/y I I t -j[c_APROl AC 1AM ¡[ -¡[NYLON • f,-TT FIG P-.'.-b ¡ evi 32 ul-l i'. SUP B S 'f- 4 fiHfR <'»'( LABCUR (Cose 5) I I 51. 0(.O *// I SUP i i.iNUK"7Tv?r"~;i | BEN2ENL ci't SUP DWG NO. M l m ma HT M tum. mmmm: nmn«N m i I II UT UHU NI IUI UM ill -. -U..JI.I ;i;r»: •ITTI! fCMNMI M "»«• «•** " SECTION 2 Annex Q-l. PRODUCEHS OF METHANOL (Unit : 1000 Present Planned Companies Location Remarks Capacity Capacity (end-1970) USA Air Products and Michaud, La 300 1971 Chems Inc. Pensacóla, Fla 90 60 1971 Allied Chem South Point, 78 Ohio Borden Chem Geismar, La. 490 West Coast - 300 1972 Celanese Bishop, Tex. 246 Commercial Solvents Sterington, La. 360 - Du Pont Belle, W. Va 120 Huron, Ohio 90 Orange, Tex. 400 Sobine, Tex. - 600 1972 Escambia Chem Pensacola, Fla 346 Georgia Pacific Plaquemine, La 307 Gulf Oil Military, Ken. 31 Hercules Hercules, Cal. 24 Louisiana, Mo 24 Plaquemine, La 240 Mercury Chem Artesia 246 Methchem FirBt Mississippi 600 early 19 Petroleum Inc. New Mexico - Monsanto Texas City, Tex 360 Rohm A Haas Houston, Tex. 68 Tenneco Chem Houston, Tex. 240 Union Carbide S. Charleston, W. Va. ! 166 Texas City, Tex. Valley Nitrogen 45 Producers Inc. - 103 Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) CANADA Chemcell Clover Bar Cornwall Imperial Oil Montreal, Sarnia (Ont.) FRANCE Methanolacq Pardies 115 ONIA Toulovse 25 Ste Chim dea Mazingarbe Charbonnages Ugine Kuhlmann (a) Harnes 23 (b) n 60 Ste dea Produits Lannemezan 41 Azotes VEST BASF Ludwigshafem 400 GERMANY Union Rheinische Waeaeling 900 Braunkohlen Kraftstoff Elf Mineral Öl Speyer Erdölchemie GnbH Dormagen 70 260 Planning Veba-Chemie Gersenkirchen 200 Planning ITALY ANIC Pisticci 60 Montecatini-Edison Castellanza 100 Brindisi 60 Novare 65 Pozzi Ferrandina 40 SIR Porto Torres 40 NETHER- Konam Rotterdam 80 LANDS BELGIUM Ammoniaque Willebroeok 15 Synthétique •t Derives - 101 - Conpani«a Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity Remarke (•nd-1970) U K BP Chemicals Grangemouth 65 ICI Heysham 180 Billingham 100 310 •nd 1972 SWEDEN AB Swonska Kvantorp 28 Salpterverken NORWAY Norsk Hydro Heroya 50 AUSTRIA Oesterreichiech Fi schämend 20 Hiag Werke A.G. SPAIN Abonos Sevilla Sevilla 50 BRAZIL Alba SA Cubatao 33 Metanor Bahia 50 Ut« 1972 ARGENTINA Cia Gaseo Pilar 45 MEXICO Industria Petro- Puebla 16 química National Pemez San Martin 45 Texmelucan TAIWAN Chang Chun Pe trochea Hsinchu 16 avuux *3 Taesung Ind. Corp. Ulsan 50 INDIA 40 60 1970/71 PAKISTAN 40 AUSTRALIA ICI Botany, NSW n.a IRAN National Kharg Island 180 1970/71 Petrochemical - 105 - .. Preaant Planned CoapanltB (•nd-1970) ISRAEL Chaaicals Phosphat«* Haifa 12 1971 DOR Che« i cal 8 Ltd. Haifa 50 1972 EGYPT Egyptian Oanaral Alexandria 10 Planning Pttrolaum LIBYA Occidental of Libya Banghaii 330 1973 - 10», - Annex Q-2. PRODUCERS OF LDH! (Unit : 1000 t/y ) Coapanioa Pre eent Planned iWlHW Capacity Capacity R« (and-1970) USA Allied Che» Oranf«, Tax. 11 Clinton, La. 45 Columbian Carbon Lake Charlas, La . 100 Dow Cheaical Praeport, T«x. 171 Plaquaain«, La. 95 A Du Pont Orange, Tax. 193 Victoria, Tax. 95 Eastaan Kodak Longview, Tax. 113 Enjay Cheaical Baton Hou««, La. 95 Oulf Oil Cadar Bayou, T«x. 95 Orange, Tax. 95 156 Monsanto Texas City, Tax. 63 National Distillare Houston, Tax. 136 db Chan Corp. U.S. Industrial Tuscola, 111. 66 Chea Co. Phillips Petroleua Pasadena, Tax. . 10 1972 Ksxall Dru« ft Chas Odeaaa, Taz. 135 and El Paso Products Co., j.v. Sinclair-Koppars Port Arthur, T«x. 79 ÜCC Seadrift, Tax. 154 S. Charleston, 54 V. Va. Taft, La. n.a. Taxaa City, T«x. 100 Torranc«, Calif. n.a. Whiting, Ind. 55 P«nu«las, Puerto - 156 1971 Rico Chsaplax Clinton, Iowa 80 Cosdan Oil ft CaluMt City 10 Cheaical Dart Industri«« Odasaa, Tax. 136 - lu - Present Planned Remarks C9tPtP^» Wgjtiop Cfnçltir (•nd-1970) CANADA Canadian Ind. Edfflouton 30 Union Carbide of Montreal 45 Canada Dov Chea of Canada Sarnia, Ont. Thio-pet Chemical Montreal East FIANCE Cochin* (BASF) Berre l'Etang 65 E thy lens Plastique Carling 60 (ICI) Lillebonne 100 60 1972 I Mont 50 SNPA Mont 30 Balan 100 70 1972 Soc Lorraine des Carling 100 140 Polyole fines Aquitaine-Organico Gonfreville 75 1971 Balan 130 170 - Union Chimique Balan 100 - Elf-Aquitaine Gonfreville 75 1971 VEST BASF AG Ludwigshafen 18 12 1971 GERMANY Rheinische Olefin Wesseling 500 240 1972 Werke GmbH (ROW) Erdolchemie GmbH Dormagen 100 Folienwerke Saar 30 1971 ITALY ABCD (Astalti Bitumi Ragusa 40 40 end 1971 Cementi Derivati SpA) ANIC Gela, Sicily 65 15 1971 Sinoat Priolo, Sicily 80 Montedison SpA Brindisi 90 60 1971 Ferrara 30 Cagriari 45 1971 55 1973 Ruaianoa SpA Assenini 15 Sardinia 36 Società Italiana Porto Torres 100 Retina (SIR) 10* Present Planned Coapaniee Location C*PfÇ^ty Capacity (end-1970) ITALY Società Italiana Sardinia 80 Resina (SIR) Liquigas SpA Sibari — 50 1971 NETHER- Dow Chea Europe Terneusen 60 LANDS ICI (Holland) NV Rosenburg 120 DSM Beek-Geleen 140 60 1971 BELGIUM BASF Antwerpern NV Antwerp 33 33 1971 Union Carbide Antwerp 100 80 1971 Belgium NV USI Europe NV Antwerp 54 46 1971 Zwijndrecht - 40 1971 U K BXL Grangeaouth 80 20 1971 ICI Wilton 180 20 Monean to Chea Fawley 50 Shell International Carrington 60 120 1974 Chea Bakelite Xylonite Grangeaouth 100 SWEDEN Unifos Kemi AB Stenungeund 100 40 1971 Union Carbide and 20 Superfosfat Fabrivks Aktie bo lag SWITZER- Unifos Keai AB Stenungeund 90 1971 LAND DENMARK Dan br it kern A/S Copenhagen 30 FINLAND Pekeaa Oy Por TOO 80 1971 AUSTRIA Danubia Olefiawerke Schweohat 66 34 1972/1973 SPAIN Alcudia SA Puertollano 72 60 1972 180 1974 aauitaala-Ibaria SA Prat de Labregat 36 - 13 Present Planned SiMda. CWirtM L99iH9n Capacity S1EÜ2ÍÍX (•nd-1970) SPAIN Dow Unquinesa SA Tarragona 28 14 1972 (lahausen) 82 1973 Calatrava SA Puerto llano 22 VENEZUELA Unicar Petroquímica Ei Tablaio 50 1972 CA COLOMBIA Poliolefinis Bar raneaban* ja 16 Colombianas SA CHILE Eapresa Nacional Conception 20 dal Petróleo BRAZIL Eletroteno Industrias Elclor 8 12 1971 Plásticas SA - 12 1975 Union Carbide do Cubatao 63 Brazil SA Poliolefinas LTDA 10 ARGENTINA Iaperial Chea Ind San Loremo 14 6 1971 Ipako Ensenada 12 13 1972 Indùstria* Quiaioas San Loremo 23 7 1972 Argentinas Duperial SAOC MEXICO Peaez Posa Rica 46 10 1971 Reynosa, Taa 26 JAPAN Ideaitsu Petrochea 30 1973 Industry Chisso Petrochemical/ Chiba 30 Denka Petrochemical/ Maruzen Petrochemical Chisso Sekiyu Kagaku Go i 20 Japan Polycheaical Tokuyaaa 64 Kasei Mizushiaa Mizushiaa 30 Mitsubishi Yuka Kaahiaa 50 Yokkaichi 125 Mitsui Toateu Kagaku Sakai 30 Mihon Olefin Kagaku Ohi ta 30 - no - Location Present Planned CftB£¿ty Capacity Rtmrlíf (•nd-1970) JAPAN Nihon Unicar Kasuaigaura 35 Kawasaki 110 Nippon Polychemicals Tokuyaaa 64 Yokkaichi 30 1972 übe Kosan Sakai 50 50 1972 Go i 100 Japan Olefin Cham Ohi ta 35 Mitsubishi Petro- Yokkaichi 125 cheaical Mitsui Polychemicals Ichinara 60 Ohtake 56 Nippon Petrocheaicals Kawasaki 30 60 1971 Suaitorno Che« Ohe 125 Chiba 54 Suaitoso Chiba Anegasaki 60 50 1971 Cheaical Sodegaura 30 Asahi ûov Kawasaki 35 (Dow/Asahi Cha») Misushiaa 40 Mitsubishi Cheaical Misushiaa 30 Industries TAIWAN USI Far East Corp. Kaohsiung 32 KOREA Dow chea and Ulsan 50 1971 Chungja Fertiliser INDIA Awind Petrochen Koyali 40 Union Carbide of Troabay 10 India Gujarat Ole fines 40 Project The Alkali & Cheaical Ri ehr a 10 Corp. of India Koyali Coaplez Gujarat 40 1970-71 AUSTRALIA ICIANZ Botany 25 Union Carbide Altana 20 Australia - Ill Praeant Plannad „ . Capacity Capacity ütülil (•nd-1970) TÜRKEY Patkia Patrokiaya liait 14 15 1972 AS Aliaga 45 1978 PAKISTAN Baric« Chaaical W. Pakistan 10 Valika Chaaical Karachi 50 Industria« ISRAEL I arati P«trocha« Haifa 17 Induatriaa IRAQ Stat« Authority 22 U A R Egyptian G«n«ral Alaxandria 20 Patrolaua SOUTH African ExploaiTta Midland 49 AFRICA ft Ch«aic«l Induatriaa Karboch«« Saaolburg 50 AKBRIA Sonatrach 68 1972 - 112 - Annex Q-3. PRODUCERS OF BPH! (unit : 1000 t/y ) Present Planned CoPFtf4tf Locftt^on Reamrks (end-1970) USA Allied Cht« Baton Rouge, La. 137 Buffalo 11 Orange, Tez. 11 Tonawanda, N.Y. 11 Celan»»e Corp Clear Lake - 90 1972 Houston, Tex. 116 Chtaplez Clinton, La. 137 Dow Cheaical Bay City, Mich. 11 Freeport, Tex. 27 Plaquaaine, La. 38 Du Pont Orange, Tsi. 68 Gulf Oil Port Arthur, Tex. 45 Orange, Tex. 45 Hercule* Inc. Parlin, N.Y. 45 10 1971 Monsanto Texas City, Tex. 118 National Distillera Houston, Tex. 23 1971 National Petro Chea La Porte, Tex. 77 Deer Park - 32 1971 Phillip* Petroleua Pasadena, Tex. 95 Phillips Puerto Rico Guayaos, P.R. 40 Cors Sinclair-Koppers Port Arthur, Tex. 45 UCC Seadrift, Tex. 113 Aaoco Oheaicala Chocolate Bayou 45 Sinclair-Ioppera Co. Port Arthur,Tex. 34 1972 CAVADA Dow Chea of Canada Sarnia,Ont. 12 Du Pont of Canada " " 7 US Industrial Chea 34 Union Carbide Canada Montreal 10 - 113 Present Planned Conpani«e Location Capacity Capacity (end-1970) FRANCE Mano lène Gonfreville 15 Naphthachimie Lavera 55 SNPA Balan 50 1972 Sto Industrielle de Le Havre 60 Polyolefines Sté Normande de Lillebonne 6 Matières Plastiques Aquitaine-Organico Balan 50 1975 Veba Chemie Gonfreville 60 1971-72 •» VEST Hoechst Hoechst 230 OERNAMY Knapsak 50 Phe ini sehe Olefin- Veaseling 80 80 1972 werke GmbH 90 1974 RUhrcheaie AG Oberhausen- 50 Holton Vestien GmbH Gelsenkirchen 32 28 Nari 54 BASF AG Wesselin« 55 1971 Irfacker-Chemit Burghausen 24 20 1972 ITALY Montedison Brindisi 30 Cagliari 20 1973 Solvay Italiana Rosignano 50 Star lene SpA Asseaini 24 Ru«lanca SpA Cagliari 10 ANIC Gela 40 Società Italiana Solbiate Olona 25 Resina (SIR) Sarda Poliaeri SpA Sardinia 25 1971 NETHER - DSM Beek 30 30 1971 LANDS Dow Cheaical Beek 60 1971 International RV BELGIUM Polyolefins SA Antwerp 60 114 t • 1.0 na |2¿ I32 36 11= I.I IM 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUHE AU Of STANDARDS STANDARD RFFERFNCt MATERIAL IflüM (ANSI ,iml IM) IIS, (MART No .<> Present Planned Comp&niee Location gapjcity Opacity &**£** (end-1970) ü K BP Chemical (UK) Grangemouth 44 26 1971 Shell International Carrington 25 20 1972 Chemicals AUSTRIA Hoechst/OMV Schwechat 50 SWEDEN Un if os Kemi AB Stenungsund 30 1971 SPAIN Calatrava SA Puertollano 18 Dow Unguinesa Tarragona 25 1972 40 ARGENTINA Dow Quimica Bahia Blanca 22 1972 Argentina Imperial Chemical Ensenada 11 11 1972 Industries I palco Ensenada 9 1972 BRAZIL Electroteno Ind. Sao Paulo 32 Plásticas JAPAN Kasei Mizuahima Mizuahima 50 80 1971 Nippon Unicar Kasuaigaura 35 A sah i Chemical Ind. Hieushima 23 Chisso Corp. Goi 30 (Chisso) Chiba 30 60 1973 Furukava Chemical Kawasaki 78 Ind. Mizuahima 30 Japan Olefin Chem. Kawasaki 70 Ohita 38 Mitsui Petrochemical Iwakuni 50 60 1973 Ind. Ichinara 123 Nissan Chemical Ind. Goi 30 60 Mitsubishi Chea Ind. Miiushima 20 Mitsubishi Petrochem Yokkaichi 20 - 115 - Cómanle? Praaant Plannad (and-1970) JAPAN Sumitomo Cham Chiba 30 1971 Oh« IdemitBU Petrochea Chiba 30 1971 Ind Kanegafuchi Cham Kashiaa 20 1972 Tokuyama Soda Tokuyama 30 1972 Dainippon Ink A Yokkaichi 30 1972 Chemicals and Toyo Soda KOREA Korea Pacific Cham Ulsan 50 1972 INDIA Polyolefina Ind(PIL) Thana,Maharashtra 20 TURKEY Petkin-Petrokimya Aliaga 30 1974 S. APRICA Hoechst Johannesburg 50 1972 - 116 - Annex Q-4. PRODUCERS OF P\fC (Unit: 1,000 tons) Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) USA Air Reduction Calvert City, Ky. 55 Aireo Chemicals te Plastics Div Allied Chem Painesville, 0, 90 Plastics Div American Chem Long Beach, Calif. 34 1971 Atlantic Tubing & Cranston, K.I. 45 Rubber Borden Inc. Bainbridge, N.Ï. n.a. Thermoplastics Products Compton, Calif. n.a. Dempoplis, Ala. n.a. Illipolis, 111. \ Leominster, Mass. 114 Continental Oil Aberdeen, Miss. 70 30 1972 Thompson Apex Aberdeen, Miss. n.a. Assonet, Mass. n.a. Deer Park, Tex. \ Diamond Shamrock 110 Plastics Div Delaware City, Del. Dow Chem Midland, Mich. 36 Plaquamine, La. n.a. Escambia Chem Pensacola, Fla. 23 Ethyl Corp. Baton Rouge, La. 68 Firestone Tire ft Perryville, Md. 52 Rubber, Firestone Plastics Co., Div Pottstown, Penn. 57 - 117 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) USA General Fabricators, Van Nays, Calif. n.a. General Tire & Rubber Go., Chem/ Ashtabula, 0. 34 Plastics Div B. F. Goodrich Avon Lake, 0. Henry, 111. Long Beach, Calif. 290 Louisville, Ky. Niagara Falls, N.Y. Pedricktown, N.J. Salem, N.J. n.a. Goodyear Tire & Niagara Falls, N.Y. 36 Rubber Plaquemine, La. 36 Great American Fitchburg, Mass. 18 54 Plastics, Hooker Chea Corp., Burlington 55 Ruco Div Township, N.J. Hicksville, N.Y. 4.5 Keysor Chem Delaware City, Del. n.a. Saugus, Calif. 27 Lasco Industries Montebello, Calif. n.a. Micron Chem Products Brooklyn, N.Y. n.a. Millmaster Onyx, Jersey City, N.J. n.a. Onyx Chem Co. Div Monsanto Springfield, Mass. 68 Hydrocarbons & Polymers Div Neville Chem Neville Island, Penn. 34 Pantasote, Eleanore Passaic, N.J, ) 55 Chem Div Point Pleasant,W.Va.' Reichhold Chem, Mansfield, Mass. n.a. Blane Chem Div Richardson, W. Haven, Conn. n.a. Polymers Div - 118 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Cimili RemarkB (end-1970) USA Stauffer Chea, Delaware City, Del. 68 Plastics Div Tenneco Chem, Burlington, N.J. 64 ïenneco Plastics Div L. Brunswick, N.J. 86 Flemington, N.J. 34 UCC, Chem & Plastics S. Chaleston, W.Va^ Operation Div Texas City, Tex. ' 145 Uniroyal, Painesville, 0. 61 Uniroyal Chem Div i American Chemical Long Beach 34 1971 Conoco Plastics Oklahoma City 22.5 1971 Olin AsBOnet, Mass. 57 CANADA B F Goodrich Canada Kitchener I3.6 Monsanto Canada La Salle, Que 11.3 Shawinigan Chem Montreal 27.1 Imperial Oil Sarnia, Ont. 20.4 FRANCE Aquitaine-Organico Balan 35 30 1971 (SNPA) Pechiney-St. Gobain St. Auban ) St. Fone ) 240 200 1973 Montlucon ) Rhone-Poulene Rouseillon 40 40 1971 Solvic Tavaui 140 40 1971 Ugine-Kuhlmann Brignoud 70 70 1971 119 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) W. GERMANY BASF AG Ludwigshafen 100 275 1975 Deutsche Solvay Rheinberg 70 50 1971 Werke AG Dynamit Nobel AG Troisdort 70 50 1971 Farbwerke Hoechst Gendort 90 Hoechst 12 45 1971 Knapsack 70 60 1971 Chemische Werke Marl 270 130 1973 Hüls AG Lonsa Werke AG Weil 12 Wacker-Chemie GmbH Brughausen 175 75 1973 Knapsack - 30 1971 ITALY Società Chimica Ravenna 40 60 1971 Ravenna Montecatini-Ëdison Porto Marghera 240 120 1973 SpA */ Brindisi 60 Cagliari, Sardinia - 70 1971 Polisarda SpA Porto Torres 70 Sardinia Polymer SpA Terni 75 Possi Perrandina Ferrandina 40 Quirina Spa Assemini 30 Sardinia Solvic Ferrara 50 50 1972 Società Italiana Solbieta Olona 70 70 1975 Resine ANIC Ravenna 50 60 1971 Ruaianca Cagliari, Sardinia 50 30 1975 - 120 Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) NETHERLANDS Shell Nederland Pernia 50 110 1972 Chemie NV Dutch State Mines Beek 50 1972 JLGIUM Badiphil NV Antwerp 50 50 1973 Solvic SA Jemeppe- sur-Sambre 90 25 1971 K B P Chemicals (UK) Baglan Bay 140 90 1972 ICI, Plastic Div Hillhouse 180 170 1975 Fleetwood, Lanes BXL Plastics Aycliffe 15 Materials Group Baglan Bay 45 1971 SWEDEN Stockholms Super- Stockviksverken 50 80 fosfatfabriks AB NORWAY Norsk Hydro Elektrisk Herya 50 FINLAND Pekema Oy. Neartaly 80 1972 Muovi Oy. Porvoo 15 1971 Neste Porvoo 30 1971 SWITZERLAND Lonza Ag Zins 18 PORTUGAL CIRES (Companhia Estarreja 12 Industrial de Resinds Sintéticas) AUSTRIA Halvic Kunststoff- Hallein 18 werke GmbH - 121 Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) SPAIN Compania Aragonesa Sabinanigo 2 8 1972 de Industrias Químicas E tino Quimica SA Manzon del Cina 15 Hispavic Ind SA Torrelavega 50 50 1971 Resinas Poliestere Miranda de Ebro 30 Hernani 20 Ozycros Pietoliano - 80 1971 - 200 1972 Monsanto Mongon 30 60 1972 GREECE Chemical Industries Thessaloniki 12 of Greece AE Esso Pappos Chemical Thessaloniki 18 CHII£ Petroquímica/ Concepcl 15 Dow/Enap ARGENTINA Dow Quimioa Bahia Bl 55 1972 Argentina BRAZIL Consorcio Paul i sta 35 15 1971 de Monomero Ind. Qu im Electro Elclor 10 1971 Cloro SA Braz Re Binas Elclor 18 1971 Vinilicas Union Carbide do Cubatao 75 Brazil COLOMBIA Carburos de Mede11in Colombia SA - 122 - Present Planned Companies Location C*P*city Remarks (•nd-1970) VENEZUELA Instituto Kengolano Zulia 25 1971 de Petroquímica MEXICO Monsanto Mexicana Lechería Geon de Mexico SA Mexico City DF Promociones Ind Puebla, Pue. Mexicanas, SA JAPAN Osaka Petrochea Osaka 30 Senpoku Petrochem Osaka 30 The Japanese Zeon Mizu8hima 30 60 1973 Takaoka 100 Kawasaki Organic Kawasaki 30 30 1971 Chemicals Sun Arrow Chemical Tokuyama 30 Toa Gosei Chemical Tokushima 55 Ind. Kanegafuchi Chemical Takasago \ Ind. Osaka ' 115 Kashima 50 Sumitomo Chemical Kikumoto 50 Sodegaura 17 Mitsubishi Monsanto Yokkaichi 108 Cham Tekkosha Yokkaichi 36 Sakata 30 Chisso Corp MiEUshima 24 Goi 24 Kureha Chemical Ind Niahìkì 120 - 123 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) JAPAN Shinetsu Ghem Ind kashima 60 60 1971 Naoetsu 73 Tokuyama 30 Nissan Chemical Ind Goi 50 Nippon Caroi.de Uozu 17 Industries Hayatsuki 50 Nikka Chem Ind. Mizushima 84 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Nagoya 72 Osaka 30 30 1971 Gunma Chem Ind. Shibukawa 48 The Electro Chem Qume 51 Ind. Chiba 36 Tokuyama Sekisui Tokuyama 36 Ind. INDIA Shriram Vinyls Kota 20 Plastic Kesin Chem üahupuram 16 Ahmedabad Mfg & Bombay, Maharastra 20 Calico Printing Assam Ind Develop- Moran-Lakwa ment Corp. Chemical ¿v Plastics Mettur Dam 22 India Gujarat Olefines 20 Project National Organic Thana, Bombay 20 Chem - i;>4 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) TURKEY Petkim Petrokimya Aliaga 91 1974 AS Yarimca 43 limit 26 SOUTH African Explosives 26 AFRICA & Industries ALGERIA Sonatrach Shikda - 100 1972 KOREA Daehan Plastics Tejon 8 Kong Yong Chemical Ulsan 8 Korea Chemical Kimhe 19 Wupoong Chemical Kung San 19 Tong Yang Chemical Inchon 8 TAIWAN Formosa Plastics Kaoshing 73 Co. China Gulf Plastics Tovfen 30 Co. Cathay Plastics Chvnan 21 Yi-Pang Plastics 15 PHILIPPINES Mabuhay Vinyl Corp. Manila - 125 - Annex Q-5. PRODUCERS OF POLYSTYRENE (Unit : 1000 t/y ) Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity H0a**r*s (end-1970) USA Cosden Oil & Chem Calmet City 95 111 84 Dart Ind Ine Joliet, 111 Holyoke, Mass Ludlow, Mass 64 Santa Ana, Calif Solar Chemicals Leominster, Mass 27 17.8 1971 Houston, Tex USS Chemicals Haverhill, Ohio 90 US Steel Corp Haverhill, Ohio 90 1971 Alabama Binder Tuscaloosa, Ala n.a. & Chemicals American Petrofina Chicago, 111 45 1972 Amoco Chemicals Joliet, 111 77 Badisene Products S. Kearney NJ Jamesburg NJ 36 Borden Bainbridge NY \ Compton ) (Los Angeles) ) Demopolis, Ala j n,a* Illiopolis, 111 ) Leominster, Mass Brand Plastics Medina, 0 5 Torrance, Calif 5 Willow Springs, 111 16 Cities Service Hicksville NY 5 Dow Chemicals Torrance, Calif \ 55 1972 Allyns Point,Conn) Ranging Rock, 0 I 417 Midland, Mich Riverside, Mo - UL - . . Present Planned Companies LocationT „ „ .. Remarks Capacity Capacity *W**-T (end-1970) USA Diamond Plastics Calif 23 Poster Grant Leominster,Mass 95 Gordon Chemicals Oxford, Mass Worcester, Mass 11 S.C. Johnson & Son Racine, Wise Onyx Chemicals Jersey City, NJ Monsanto Addyeton, 0 n.a. Long Beach 170 Calif Springfield,Mass n.a. Norton Chemicals Ringwood, 111 n.a. 0. Brien S. Bend, Ind n.a. Pennsylvania Ind Clairton, Penn n.a. Polymer Ind Springdale, Conn n.a. Purex Bristol, Penn n.a. Chicago, 111 n.a. Harbor City,Calif, n.a. Reichhold Chemicals Elizabeth, NJ n.a. Richardson W. Haven, Conn 14 Scholler Bros Elwood, NJ n.a. Shell Chemicals Marietta, 0 36 Southern Petrochem Houston, Tex 18 Tulsa, Okla 18 Polymeric Resins Wilmington,Mass n.a. Sinclair-Koppers Kobuta, Penn 136 UBS Chemicals Cambridge,Mass\ *• Lemont, 111 ) n.a. Marlboro, Mass Ticonderoga Chemicals Leominster, Mass 45.4 Union Carbide Bound Brook, NJ 84 Marietta, 0 CAMADI Mobil Oil Canada Lasalle 9 Monsanto Canada Lasalle, Que 9 BASF Greater Montreal 8 127 - Componi«e Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) PRANCE Union Chim Elf Gonfreville 90 Aquitaine Dispersions Villiers St. 5 20 1971 Plastiques Paul Plastichiate Ribecourt 65 Monsanto Wingles 28 37 1971 Aquitaine- Gonfreville 90 1971 Organico Mont 65 SCC, Ugine Kuhlmann Dieuge 20 80 1975 Huiles Goundronset Vindin le Vieil 6 Derives Plastugil Lyon Vai se 13 WEST HUls Marl 30 170 1973 GERMANY BASF Lundwigshafen 175 Dow Chemicals Gre f fern 60 Bayer Leverkusen 10 Row Ludwigshafen n.a. *, ITALY Montedison Mantua 100 12 Ferrara 57 Dow Chimica Italiana Livorno 16 Magguchellì Castiglione 15 Monte sud Ferrara 100 Petrochimica SIR Macherio 20 ETB (SIR Group) Porto Torres 15 BELGIUM BASF Antwerpen NV Antwerp n.a. n.a. 165 total ca- pacity in 1971 Belgochim SA Feluy 45 NETHER- Polumer Fabrieken Breda 110 LANDS Breda Marbon Chem 15 Terneugen 30 - 128 - Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Cauacitv Remarks (end-1970) U K BP Plastics Stroud, England 18 23 1971 Shell Chem Carrington 35 10 1971 70 1972 Distrane (Dow) Barry, S W 70 Sterling Moulding Stalybridge 40 22 Plastics 1971 BXL Manningtree 14 Monsanto Chems Newport 32 Kaylie Chem Bolton 6 SPAIN BASF Española Tarragona 5 5 1972 Monsanto Monzón 33 Plasten Valencia 5 1971 Dow-Uniquinesa, SA Bilbao 25 Arrahona Sababell 25 BRAZIL CIA Brasileira de Sao Bernardo 12 Plásticos "Koppers" N Idrongal (BASF Guaratingueta SP 1 Bakol Sao Caetano SP 5 COLUMBIA Dow Colombians Cartagena 4 ARGENTINA BASF Argentina Rosario 30 Monsanto Argentina Zarate SAIC 5 MEXICO BASF Mexicana, SA Santa Clara n.a. Monsanto Mexicana Lecheria n.a. Union Carbide n.a. Mexicana S.A. National de Resina n.a. S.A. rAPAN Japan Polystyrene Kawasaki 50 Kanegafuchi Chem Ind Takasago 25 Aaahi Dow Mieushima 150 50 1972 Kawasaki 41 23 1972 Dainippon Ink & Chem Chiba 40 - 129 - Present Planned Companies Location Casacity Spurte (end-1970) JAPAN Nippon Polystyrene Kawasaki 46 Nippon Steel Che m Kimitsu 14 Tobata 32 Toyo Polystyrene Ind Osaka 34 Kawasaki 51 Denka Petrochem Ind Chiba 47 Mitsubishi Monsanto Yokkaichi 56 Che m Idemitsu Petrochem Tokuyama 16 Teijin Limited Sakai - 25 1972 J INDIA Indoplast Thana 24 Gujarat Olefines Gujarat 14 Project Polychem Goregaon, Bombay 10 Koyali, Gujarat 14 TURKEY Petkim Petrokimya Yarimca 15 AS Aliaga 32 1974 Izmit 15 1972 AUSTRALIA Badocol Chem Altona 5 TAIVÁN Tai Ta Che« Kaohsiung 3 KOREA Miwon Seoul 8 1971 - 130 - Annex Q-6. PRODUCERS OF ACRYLONITRILE (Unit : 1000 t/y ) Tä—4.^- Present Planned n Companies L0Cati0n Capacity Capacity ^SiÚS. (end-1970) USA American Cyanaaid Portier, La 82 10 end-1971 Du Pont Memphis, Tenn 80 Beaumont, Tex 100 Monsanto Texas City, Tex 55 Al vin, Tex 185 Union Carbide Institute, W.Va 90 Planning Vietron Lima, Ohio 136 136 end-1972 (Soehio Chemioal) Goodrich Chemical Calvert City,Ky 18 CANADA Imperial Oil Sarnia 14 FRANCE Ugilor Saint Avoid 50 25 end-1971 Yvours 40 35 end-1971 WEST Erdölchemie Köln-Worrlngen 100 100 1971 GERMANY „ . . Hoechst Knapsack 20 MUnchsmUnster - 90 mid-1972 Plattenhofen - 130 end-1972 ITALY Montedison Porto Marghera 30 30 Sincat Priolo 60 Acrilsarda Cagliari 25 ANIC Gela 32 NETHER- DSM LANDS Geleen 45 45 end-1971 U K Border Chemicals Grangemouth 50 Monsanto Textile Seal Sands 68 22 end-1970 FINLAND Sateri Oy 20 end-1971 - 131 - Present Planned Companies Location Çao£ity Capacity Remarks. (•nd-1970) SPAIN Paular Puertollano 40 end-1971 BRAZIL Fi s iba 15 MEXICO Pemex Minatitlan - 26 end-1971 JAPAN Asahi Chemical Mizushima 83 Industry Co.,Ltd. Kawasaki 52 Mitsubishi Chemical Mizushima 98 Industries, Ltd. Sumitomo Chemical Niihama 60 Co., Ltd. Sumitomo Chiba Chiba 80 Chemical Co.,Ltd. Mitsui Toatsu Senpoku 43 Chemicals Inc. Mitsui Petrochemi- Otake 16 cal Industries Ltd. Nitto Chemical Yokohama 72 Industry Co., Ltd. Otake 42 Snova Denko K.K. Kawasaki 79 Ube Kosan Co.,Ltd. Ube - 30 1971 INDIA Government Koyali - 16 Beginning'71 Manjustiree Barui - 5 •71 Industries KOREA Tong Suh Ulsan - 27 end-1971 Petrochemical TURKY Petkia Petrokimya limit 15 1973 - 132 - Annex Q-7. PHOniIHFRP, OF ACRYLIC FIBER Present Planned Capacity Remarks Companies Location Capacity (end-1970) Camden, S.C. \ USA Du Pont 113 20 (1971) Waynesboro, Va S Monsanto Decatur, Ala 102 Union Carbide South Charleston, 15 S W. Va American Cyanamid Pensacola, Fla 54 S Tennessee Eastman Kingsport, Tenn 20 S Dow Badisene Williamsburg, Va 43 S Courtaulds North Columbia, S.C 22 (1971) America CANADA Du Pont of Canada Maitlant 15 YS FRANCK CTA Colmar 21 Courtaulds Coquelles 16 11 (1972) S YS W.GERMANY Bayer Dormagen 122 Phrix Werke Hamburg-Neumunster 11 S Krefeld Süddeutsche Keineim 43 Chemiefaser Monsanto Lingen 16 (1972) YS ITALY Ohatillon Porto Marghera 45 Snia Viscosa Cesano Maderno 20 15 (1972) Villacidro 4 Anic Pisticci 12 Italiana Resine Porto Torres 1 NETHERLANDS Du Pont(Nederland) Dordrecht n.a. n.a. BKLGIUM Fabelta Tubize 15 SE FI Hautrage 10 (1971) Coventry \ UK Courtaulds 95 86 (1971) S Grimsby Coventry 2 S MonBanto Textiles Coleraine 39 S Du Pont (UK) Maydown 23 S - 133 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) SPAIN Cyanenka Prat de Llobregat 11 18 (1971) Quimicar, Altamira Miranda de Ebro 7 Petrofibra Zaragoza 14 (1972) COLOMBIA Fibras Acrilica?, Manizales n.a. BRAZIL Hhodosa Indu.",trias f'ao Jose dos Campos n.a. Fisiba Camacari 8 Noracryl Joao Pessoa S ARGENTINA Hisisa Argentina Baradero S MEXICO Celulosa y Derivados Atequiza 7 s Fibras Acrilicas Cotaxtla 2 s Celanese Mexicana Zacapu 7 (1973) s PERU Bayer Industrial Lima 6 (1971) JAPAN Asahi Chemical Nobeoka \ 45 Industry Co.,Ltd. Fuji Mitsubishi Rayon Hiroshima 50 Co., Ltd. Japan Exran Saidaiji 48 Industry Co.,Ltd. Toray Industry Inc. Ehime 30 s Touhou Vesron Mishima 33 s Co., Ltd. Kanegafuchi Takasago 13 Spinning Co.,Ltd. S TAIWAN Nan Ya Plastics Kaohsiung 9 Tong Hwa Synthetic Hsinshu u.a. s KOREA Oriental Synthetic Ulsan 7 3 (1972) s Fiber Hanil Synthetic Masan 4 4 (1972) s Fiber Hankook Synthetic 6 (1971) s Fiber INDIA J.K. Synthetics Kota 12 (n.a.) s New Swadeshi Mills Baroda 4 (n.a.) s Tata Textiles Koyali n.a. s ISRAEL Israeli Chemical Ashdod Fiber - 134 Remarke: Y Filament S Staple M Monofilament - 135 - mm Annex Q-8. PRODUCERS OF POLYPROPYLENE (Unit : 100C t/y ) Present Companies Location Planned C§P»city Capacity Remarjce (end-1970) USA Hercules Lake Charles 165 80 1971 Pariin 36 Alamo Polymer Pasadena 8 Amoco Chem Al vin 68 Dart Ind Odessa 23 13 1971 D. Shamrock Houston, Tei 9 Shell Chemical Woodburg, NJ 113 68 1971 El Paso Products Odessa, Tex - 23 1971 Kexene Polymers Odessa, Tex - 60 1971 Phillips Petroleum Pasadena, Tex 36 Alamo Industry Houston, Tex 32 32 1971 Avisun New Castle 113 Brazoria County 68 Diamond Shamrock Deer Park 41 Eastman Kodak Longview 40 Enjay Baytown Baton Rouge 10 Cedar Bayou 136 Novamont Neal 36 37 CANADA Imperial Oil Sarnia, Ont. 34 FRANCE Naphtachimie SA Lavera 15 Soc. Normande Lillebonne 12 5 1971 Matières - 40 1972 Soc. Industrielle Gonfreville 20 des Polyolefines WEST BASF Ludwigshafen 3 GERMANY Hoechst AG Kelsterback 35 85 1971 Vestolon GmbH Gelsenkrichen 14 12 1972 Marl 6 6 Rheinische Wesseling 24 46 1973 Olefinwerke - 136 Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity ReaarkB (end-1970) WEST Farbwerke Hoechst Frankfurt-Höchst 60 GERMANY VEBA Chemie/Hüls Scholven 6 IT ULY Montedison Brindisi 30 1971 Ferrara 60 Cagliari, Sardinia 60 1973 Polymer SpA Terni 52 Liquigas SpA Sibari 60 1971 ANIC Gela 40 NETHER- Kotterdamse Pernia 30 45 1972 LANDS Polyolefinen Shell Nederland Rotterdam 30 45 1972 Chemie NV BELGIUM Amoco Chem Belgium Geel 100 U K ICI Wilton 60 60 1971 Tees-side 30 Shell Chemical Carrington 45 45 1972 AUSTRIA Danubia Petrochemie Schwechat 20 7 1971 13 1972 SWEDEN Esso Chemical AB Stenungaund 13 SPAIN Paulas SA Puertollano 14 BRAZIL Agro Brazil-Empreen- 15 dimentas Rurais SA Supercarbon Petro- Aratu 15 quimica SA CHILE Petroquímica Chilena Conception 20 1971 SA JAPAN Idemitsu Petroohem Chiba 30 1971 Japan Olefin Chem Ohi ta 60 Mitsubishi Pe trochem Kashima 60 Yokkaichi 90 - 137 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capfcity (end-1970) JAPAN Mitsui Senpaku Osaka 35 Petro-Chem ¡Showa Denko Ohi ta 50 Ube Industry Sakai 50 50 1971 Chiba 20 1971 Tonen Petrochemical Kawasaki 50 1971 Mitsui Toatsu Chem Ohtake 80 Sakai 50 50 1972 Tokuyama Soda Tokuyama 50 Toyo Rayon Chiba 50 1972 Sumitomo Chiba Chem Chiba 90 Sumitomo Chem Ohe 50 Niihama 50 Mitsubishi Chem Ind Mizushima 50 1971 Mitsui Petrochemical Anega salci 55 Ind Chisso Petrochemical Go i 110 55 1975 Asahi Chem Ind Chuubu Chemical Yokkaichi 50 1972 INDIA Alembic Chem Works Koyali 11 KOREA Kuktae Ulsan 20 1972 TURKEY Petkia Petrokimya AS Alia«« 55 1974 - 158 - Annex Q-9. PRODUCERS OF S BR (Unit : 1000 t/y) Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity ZSM&S. (end-1970) USA American Synthetic 125 Rubber Corp. Ameripol Inc. 192 Ashland Chemical Co. 60 Copolymer Rubber 125 & Chemical Corp. The Dow Chemical Co. 20 The Firestone Tire 358 & Rubber Co. CAF Corp. 20 The General Tire 90 & Rubber Co. BF. Goodrich Industrial 15 Pralusts Co. The Goodyear Tire 335 '• & Rubber Co. W.R. Grace & Co. 15 Hooker Chemical Corp. 5 Phillips Petroleum Co. 66.5 Shell Chemical Co. 97 Sinclair-Koppers Co. 20 Southwest Latex Corp. 5 Standard Brands Chem- 31 ical Industries Inc. Texas-US Chemical 148 Industries Inc. Uniroyal Inc. 26 Wica Chemicals Inc. 11.5 CANADA Dow Chemical of 10 Canada Ltd. Polymer Corp. Ltd. 140 - 139 - Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity SëS&SM. (end-1970) PRANCE Compagnie Française 95 des Produits Chemiques Shell Firestone-France SA 8 Goodyear Chemical 4 Products Michelin & Uief 10 Clermont-Ferrand Polymer Corp.(SAP) 140 WEST Bunawerke Huis GmbH 180 GERMANY Chemische Werke 10 Hüls A3 Dow Chemical GmbH 45 Synthomer Chemie GmbH 14 ITALY ANIC SpA 135 50 1971 Grace Italiana SpA 1 NETHER- Dow Chemical 11 LANDS (Nederland) NV Marbon NV 10 Shell Nederland 135 Chemie NV EELGIUM Petrochim NV 45 U K Doverstrand Ltd. 10 10 1971 Dow Chemical Co. 6 (UK) Ltd. Dunlop Chemical 10.5 Products Div. The International 170 Synthetic Rubber Co. Ltd. Mardon Chemical 30 Uniroyal Ltd. 15 SPAIN Dow (Spain) 20 - 140 - Present Planned Companies Location (end-1970) ARGENTINA PASA Petroquímica 43 Dow Quimica Argentina 2 1974 BRAZIL PABOR 60 Petrobras Quimica SA 20 MEXICO Adhesivas Resistol SA 7 Hules Mexicanos SA 44 Negromex SA 20 JAPAN Asahi Chemical 26 Industry Co., Ltd. Japan Synthetic 281 Rubber Co., Ltd. The Japanese 150 Geon Co., Ltd. Lacster Corp. 4 Sumitomo-Naugatuck 7 Co., Ltd. Takeda Chemical 12 Industries KOREA Korea Synthetic 15 1972 Rubber Corp. AUSTRALIA Australian Synthetic 30 Rubber Co., Ltd. Dow Chemical 2 (Australia) Pty.Ltd. INDIA Synthetics & Chemicals 30 20 1970/1971 Ltd. TURKY Petkim Petrokimya AS 26 1973 - 141 - Companies Present Planned Lo9fU SOUTH Synthetic Latex 2 AFRICA Co. (Pty) Ltd. The Synthetic 35 Rubber Co.(Pty) Ltd. AR GERÌ A Ste des Monomer Skikuda 50 1975 de Synthese - 142 - Annex Q-10. PRODUCERS OF MALEIC ANHYDRIDE (Unit : 1000 t/y ) Companies Location Present Planned Capacity Capacity wmSU (end-1970) USA Allied Chem Moundsville 11 1971 W. Va Koppers Bridgeville Pa 15.4 Monsanto St Louis Mo 47 Petro-Tex Cham Houston Tex 23 Reichhold Chema Elizabeth N J 33.6 Moris 111 27 1971 Tenneco Porda N J 10 USS Chems Neville Island Pa 18.1 CANADA Monsanto Canada La Salle PRANCE CFMC ^illiers-St-Paul 5 "i* Société Chimique Drocourt 3 8 2nd half 1971 des üharbounages Pechiney-Saint Chauny 2.4 Gobain Heichhold Beckacite Niort 5 Ugnine Kuhlmann Villera-Saint-Paul 13 WEST BASF Ludwigshafen 4 8 1971 GERMANY DIA Chemi Anlagen Schkapau 2.5 Palycarbona Chemie Meebeck-Meere 12 Ruhrol Chemiewerk Battrop 20 July 1971 ITALY Bombrini Parodi Colleferro 7.5 De ilfino Montedison Porto Marghera 5 Rho 4 SAVA-Ftalital Scantorosciate 15 15 1971 Bergamo 10 - 143 - Present Planned _ . Location Kemy f Companies Capacity Capacity * (end-1970) BELGIUM Chimique de Selzaete Zelzaete 5 UCB Havre-Ville 2 Wondelgem 5.5 U K Bp Chema Salt End 70 1971 ICI Ardeer Ayshire Monsanto Chem Newport 9 18 early 1972 Burt s and Harvey Belvedere 1.5 AUSTRIA osw Linz 8 1971 SPAIN Industrias Químicas Luchana 1.5 de Luchana Resinas Poliesteres Miranda de Ebro BRAZIL Industrias Qu imi cas Resana, SA JAPAN Mitsui Toatsu Omuta 3.6 Chemicals Ine. Senpoku 3.3 11.7 early 1971 Nagoya 12 1972 Mitsubishi Chemical Mizushima 18 Industries, Ltd. Kurosaki 5.4 Japan Catalytic Pukita 22 Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Takeda Chemical Hikari 6. 12 early 1972 Nippon Oils & Fats Oita 6 6 late 1971 Co., Ltd. Dainippon Ink Yokkalchi 6 ( ) Co., Ltd. Dainippon Ink Co./ Yokkaichi 10.4 1973 Kyowa Yuka Co./ Hi tache Chemical - 144 - Annex Q-ll. PRODUCERS OF ALKYLBENZENE (Unit : t/y) Present Planned Location Remarks Companies Capacity Capacity (end 1970) USA Atlantic Refining Atreco, Tex 22,700 23,000 Continental Oil Baltimore, Md. 68,000 100,000 Monsanto St Louis, No. 68,000 68,000 Union Carbide Institute, W Va 68,000 68,000 Witfield Watson, Cal 13,600 20,000 American Inter- North Claymont, 36,300 45,000 national Refining Del. FRANCE Produits Chimiques Crand Couronne 30,000 Shell Ber re 50,000 Petrosynthèse Gonfreville 40,000 Esso Standard Port Jerome 30,000 WEST Chemishe Hüls Marl 50,000 GERMANY Rheinpreussen Humburg 18,000 Wibarco 27,000 ITALY Sicedison Mantua 24,000 SIR Borgaro Torinesse 15,000 Mailand 30,000 Porto Torres 60,000 BERGIUM Petrochim SA Antwerp 12,000 10,000 Compagne des Belle 70,000 Chimique Produits Shell Belle 145 - Planned Present Remarks Companies Location Capacity Capacity (end 1970) BERGIUM Esso Chimie SA Port Jerome 40,COO 40,000 Petrosynthese SA Gonfreville 25,000 25,000 NETHER- Shell Netherland Pernis n.a. LANDS Chimie NV U K Grnge Chemical Grangemouth 15,000 Monsanto New Port 16,000 Shell Chemical Shell Haven 35,000 SPAIN Petroqyimica Cadiz 50,000 Española ARGENTINA YPF La Plata _ 15,000 BRAZIL Empressa Carioca de Sao Paulo 20,000 Productos Químicas SA MEXICO Pemex Azcapotzalco 25,300 Cudad Madero 25,300 COLOMBIA Empresa Colombiana Barrancabermeja 15,000 1971 de Petróleos JAPAN Nissan Conoco Chiba 30,000 Nippon Atlantic Kikumoto 20,000 Nippon Synthetic Kawasaki 38,000 Detergent Mitsubishi Petro- Yokkaichi 47,000 chemical KOREA Esso Chemical Ulsan 18,000 1972 TAIWAN Chinese Petroleum Kaohsiung 25,000 1974 Corp. - 146 - mm Present Planned Companies ¿IH£JQL (•nd 1970) AUSTRALIA Shell Chemical 8,000 TURKY Petrokiaya Iaait 10,000 10,000 - 147 Annex Q-12. PRODUCERS OF CAPROLACTAM ( Unit: 1,000 tons) Present Planned Companies Location capacity capacity Remarks (end-1969) 135 U.S.A. Allied Chemical Dow Badisene 100 Columbia/Nipro 22 50 1972 Union Carbide 22 W. GERMANY Bayer 123 20 1970 BASF 140 75 ITALY Montecatini Edison Rhodiatoce 9 Snia Viscosa 68 SIR 12 ANIC 20 1972 Italiana Chemica Dow 80 110 10 1970 NETHERLANDS DSM 70 BELGIUM Bayer 1971 BASF 60 120 20 50 1972 U K Nypro 16 5 1971 SWITZERLAND Emserwerke 20 20 1971 SPAIN Productos Químicos Esso 20 Rio Tinto/BASF 20 Productos del Aquitram 35 1971 15 50 1971 MEXICO Cicloamidas SA, Salamanco 16.5 1970 COLOMBIA Monomeros Columbo- venezolanos S.A., Barranquilla - 148 - Present Planned Companies Capacity (end-1969) India Gujarat State 20 1970 Fertilizers Korea Toyo Caprolactaa 10 Dong Yang 7.2 Caprolactam Allied Chemical/ 25 1972 Chungju Japan Mitsubishi 96 Ube Kosan 105 Toyo Rayon 98.5 Nippon Lactam 40 Fuji Steel Co. 25 Honshu Kogaku 14.4 Turkey Petkim 25 - 149 - Annex fe-13. PRODUCERS OF POLYAMID FIBERS (Unit : 1,000 t/y) Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) USA Du Font Seaford, Del. 45 ) NY 66 YMS Martinsville, Va. 45 ) NY 66 Y Chattanooga, Tenn. 45 ) NY 66 Y 27 ) NY 66, N-44 Y 5 ) 45 (I974) NY 472 Y Richmond, Va. 64 ) NY 66 Y 32 ) N-44 Y 5 ) NY 66 YS Camden, S.C. 18 ) NY 66 Parkersburg, V.Va. 1 ) NY6,66,610 YM Monsanto Pensacola, Fla. 95 NY 66 YM Greenwood, S.C. 43 NY 66 YM Allied Chemical Columbia, S.C. 95 NY 6 YM Hopewell, Va. 9 NY 6 YM NY 6 YS American Enkaeer Enka, N.C. 36 NY 6 YMS Lowland, Tenn. 41 NY 6 YM Central, S.C. 18 (1971) NY 6 Firestone Synthetic Hopewell, Va. 20 Fibers NY 5 YM Beaunit Fibers Elizabethton, Tenn. 5 NY 66 YS Itowah, Tenn. 45 NY 66 YS Fiber Industries Greenville, S.C. 36 NY 66 YS Courtaulds North Le Moyne, Ala. 20 America NY 5 YM Fibers International Guayama, Puerto Rico 36 NY 66 Y Rohm and Haas Fayetteville, N.C. 11 NY 6 YM North Carolina Fuquay Varina, N.C. 1 Textiles NY 6 Y - 150 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity ÇlPWifr. Remarks (end-1970) USA General Polymer Wilkes Barre, Pa. n.a. NY 66 M Hanover Mills Yanceyville, N.C. 1 NY 6 YM Nylon Engineering Lowell, Mass. n.a. NY 6 YS Dow Badisehe Anderson, S.C. 25 NY 6 YM Industrial Wire Spirit Lake, Iowa n.a. NY M & Plastics Chadbourn Gainesville, Ga. n.a. NY YM Newton Filaments Homer, N.Y. n.a. NY 6,66,610 M Weliman Johnsonville, S.C. n.a. NY 66 S Nypel West Conshohocken, n.a. NY 6, 66 M Pa. Sauquoit Fibers Scranton, Pa. 2 NY 6, 66 YM Soo Valley Columbia, S.C. n.a. NY 6, 66 M Uniroyal Fiber Shelbyville, Tann. n.a. NY 6 M & Textiles Enjay Fibers Odenton, Mi. n.a. NY 6, 66 & Laminates Deering Milliken Laurens, S.C. n.a. NY 6 M Monofilaments Grottoes, Va. n.a. NY 6 M CANADA Du Pont of Canada Kingston 31 NY 66 Y Courtaulds Canada Cornwall 6 NY 6 Y Millhaven Fibres Millhaven 5 NY 66 Y Union Carbide Aroprior 3 NY 6 YS Canada Firestone Textiles Woodstock NY 6 YM - 151 - mm Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) PRANCE Rhodiaceta Besancon ) 82 NY 6, 66 YS Lyon - Vaise ) CTA Valence 6 NY 11 Y Vaulx - en Velin 9 NY 66 Y Norsyntez Saint-Laurent-Blangy 8 NY 66 YS Courtaulds Coquelles n.a. NY 6 Y Polyfibres Saint - Nabord 7 NY 6 Y Chomarat Marriac n.a. NY 6 Y ETS, Nysam St. Quentin n.a. NY 6 Y W.GERMANY Glanzstoff Oberbruch ) NY 66 Y Obernburg ) 85 NY 6 Kelsterbach) ) YS Hoechst Bobingen 10 NY 6 YM Bayer Domagen 29 NY 6 YS Rhodiaceta Freiburg, Rottweil 14 NY 66 YS Zehlendorf Bariin-Zehlendorf 5 NY 6 Y Phrix Werke Hamburg-Neumunster 5 NY 6 YS J.P. Bemberg tfuppertal-Oberbarmen 5 NY 6 Y ICI (Europe) Fibres Ostringen 20 97 (1973) NY 66 YS Offenbach - 40 (1971) NY 66 YS Du Pont(Deutschland) Uentrop 14 NY 66 Y ITALY Rhodiatoce Casoria ) 50 NY 66 YS Pallanza ) Snia Viscosa Cesano Maderno ) Varado ) 50 MY 6 YS Castellacelo ) Villacidro 5 NY 6 ï Orai Mangelli Forli n.a. NY 6 Y - 152 - Present Planned Com pan ies Location CfPfcity Capacity (end-1970) ITALY Bemberg Gozzano 5 NY 6 Y Ambrosiana Pietra Santa n.a. NY 6 Y Omnia Delebio n.a. NY 6 Y Radici Fil Casnigo n.a. NY 6 Y Chatilion Ivrea ) 24 NY 6 Y Vercelli ) Ani e Pisticci 10 NY 6 YS Fratelli Franchi Canapaie n.a. NY 6 Y Aquatex n.a. NY 6 Torcitura Di Milano n.a. NY 6 Borgoaanero NETHERLANDS E nica Breda ) 50 « NY 6 Y Effloen ) NY 6 Y Arnkem n.a. NY 6 Y „ BELGIUM Fabelta Zwijnaarde 15 NY 66 Y Bayer Antwerpen n.a. NY 6 S LUXEMBOURG Monsanto Echternach 14 NY 66 U K ICI Fibras Pontypool ) NY 66 YS Doncaster ) 113 23 (1971) NY 66 YS Gloucester ) NY 66 YS Courtaulda Spondon ) 45 NY 6 Y Aintree ) NY 6 Y Monsanto Textiles Dundonald 14 (1971) NY 66 Y Plasticisers Drighlington 3 « NY 6 YMS SWEDEN Svenaka Rayon Alvenas n.a. NY 6 Y FINLAND Kone Cy Keai n.a. Y - 153 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Remarks (end-1970) SWITZERLAND Viscose Suisse Emmenbruecke ) 41 * NY 66 Y Widnau ) NY 6 Y Ems Industries Ems n.a. NY 6 YS Feldmuhle Korschach 5 NY 6 Y SPAIN SAPA Blanes 11 NY 66 YS Seda de Barcelona Alcalá de Henares ) 10 NY 6 YS Madrid ) NY 6 YS Inquitez Andoain 2 NY 6 YS Solace Torrelavega 5 NY 6 YS Fibras Esso Zaragoea 6 NY 6 Y PORTUGAL CIPA Sobrado 7 * NY 6 Y GREECE Vomvix Athens 3 NY 6, 66 Y TURKEY SIFAS Bur sa 13 NÏ 6 Y Islon Sentetik Istanbul 2 NY 6 Y MEXICO Celanese Mexicana Ocotlan, Toluca 5 NY 6 YS Nylon de Mexico La Leona 1 NY 6 YS Fibras Químicas Monterrey 1 NY 6 YM Fibras Sintéticas Mexico 2 NY 6 Y Fibra8oani Ixtapalapa n.a. NY 6 M Kimex Tlalnepantla - Planning NY 6 Y Plastica Moderna Tlaipan n.a. NY 6 M Productos Plásticos Puebla n.a. NY 6 M - 154 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) BRAZIL Rhodia Industrias Santo Andre 34 NY 66 YS Textilquimica Agua Branca, Sao n.a. NY 6 Y Tose Dos Campos Celfibras Sao Bernardo do Campe) fa NY 66 Y Nailonsiz Sao Paulo n.a. NY 6 Y Brasileira de Osasco n.a. NY 6 Y Sintéticos Soutez de Roupas Rio de Janeiro n.a. NY 6 Y Fibra Americana n.a. NY 6 Y Rhodia Nordeste Cabo n.a. NY 66 S ARGENTINA Ducilo Berazategui 4 NY 6, 66 Y Mercedes 3 NY 66 Y Nuevas Industrias Hernández-La Plata 1 NY 6 Y Prenyl Ravson 0.4 NY 6 Y Hirlon San Justo n.a. NY 6 Y Fibras Industriales QuiImes n.a. NY 6 Y Valenciana Argentina Buenos Aires n.a. NY 6 Y Petroauimica Olmos-La Plata n.a. NY 6 YS Sudamericana Cordonsed Argentina Arroyo Seco n.a. NY 6 CHILE Sumar San Joaquin 5 NY 6 Y Nylinsa Ha i pu n.a. NY 6 Y COLOMBIA Hilazas Vnylon Barranquilla 5 * NY 6 YM Enka de Colombia Girardota 2 NY 6 Y Nylon de Colombia Itagui 1 NY 6 Y PERU Manufacture Nylon Vitarte 4 NY 6 Y Manufacturas del Sur Arequipa n.a. NY 6, 66 Y Retez Peruana Ventanilla n.a. NY 6 Y - 155 - Present Planned Companies Location ,gftP*9^Y. Capacity Remarks (end-1970) VENEZUELA Inversionee Aragua Maracay 3 * NY 6 Y Fibras Químicas Valencia 1 NY 6 Y Hilados Flezilon Caracas n.a. NY 6 Y URUGUAY Hisisa estación Manga 0.5 NY 66 Y Sloawak Montevideo 1 NY 6 YM ELSALVADOR Filpersa San Salvador n.a. NY 6 JAPAN Toray Industry Inc. Aichi ) NY F Shir: ) 85 NY F Okasaki ) NY F Nagoya ) 11 NY S Shiga ) NY S Unitika Co., Ltd. 53 NY F 3 MY S Teijin Ltd. Minara 32 NY F Kanegafuchi Spinning Bofu 34 NY Co., Ltd. F Asahi Chemical Nobeoka 29 NY 6, 66 Industry Co., Ltd. Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tsuruga 29 NY F Ube Kosan Co., Ltd. Ube 1 (1971) NY 66 F INDIA Nirlon Synthetic Goregaon NY 6 F & C YM Bombay Nylon Thana 1 NY 6 YS Century Enka Pimpri 2 NY 6 Y J.K. Synthetics Kota 3 NY 6 YN5 Gujarat Polyamides Udhna 2 NY 6 Y Garware Nylons Pimpri 1 NY 6 YM Delhi Cloth & General Madras Planning NY 6 Y - 156 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remark (end-1970) INDIA Modipon Modinagar 3 3 NY 6 Y Shree Synthetics Bhopal - 1 (1971) NY 6 Y Ahmedabad Mfg Ranoli - Planning NY 6 Y Stretch Fibres India Nagour 0.5 NY 6 Y Guptalon Ludhiana n.a. NY 6 Y ISRAEL Rogosin Industries Ashdod NY 6, 66 KOREA Korea Nylon Taegu 10 NY 6 Y Hanil Nylon Anyang 5 NY 6 Y Tong Yang Nylon Ulsan 5 NY 6 Y PAKISTAN Bengal Fibers Karachi n.a. NY 6 Y Dawood Cotton Mills Landhi n.a. NY 6 Y Fazal Nylon Mills Lyallpur 1 NY 6 YM Pylon Industries Chittagong 1 NY 6 Y TAIWAN united Nylon Toufen 8 NY 6 Y Lien Yu Industrial Liutu 5 NY 6 Y Kuo Hwa Chemical Panchiao 5 NY 6 Y Jang Dah Nylon Hein Tien 1 NY 6 Y Hsieh Chin Fishing Net Kaohsiung o.a. NY 6 M Ta Ming Tainan 0.5 NY 6 Y IRAN Sherkat Sahani Teheran 2 NY 6 Y PHILIPPINES Texfiber Taytay 2 NY 6 Y THAILAND Toray Nylon Thai Bangkok 1 NY 6 Y - 157 - Present Planned Companies Location Cauacitv Capacity MM£À1 (end-1970) AUSTRALIA Fibreaakere Bayswater 18 NY 66 YM Fibremakers Penrith Penrith 3 NY 6 YM United Carpet Mills Thanaatown n.a. NY 6 Y NEW ZEALAND Fibremakers Viri 2 NY 66 YS Holeproof Mills Shannon 0.6 NY 6 YS SOUTH AFRICA South African Nylon Bellville 15 * NY 66 YS Plaetex Iaando n.a. NY 6 M U A R Miar Pour la Rayonna Kafr-el-Dawar 1 NY 6 Y NY 6 S ••••• ••»•e ••••* •*••• *«•«• ••••• ,. Raaark» : * : Estimate NY : Nylon Y : Filaaent S : Staple N ! Monofilament - 158 - Annex Q-14. PRODUCERS OF POLYESTER FIBERS Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) USA Du Pont Einston, N.C ) YS Old Hickory, Term) 304 146 (1972) YS Wilmington, N.C ) o Beaunit Fibers Elizabethton, Term 44 YS Tennessee Eastman Kin^sport, ïenn 91 YS Carolina Eastman Columbia, S.C 50 31 (1971) S Fiber Industries Shelby, N.C YS ) 265 Salisbury, N.C YS Monsanto Decatur, Ala 57 YS American Enka Lowland, Tenn 28 6 (1971) YS Allied Chemical Moncure, N.C \ Hopewell, Va 23 36 (1971) YS FMC Front Royal, Va\ 40 Lewistown, Pa 50 (1972) YS Phillips Fibers Rocky Mount, N.C 18 Y Hystron Fibers Spartanburg, S.C 45 YS Goodyear Tire & Point Pleasant, W.Va 15 Y Rubber Weliman Johnsonville, S.C 2 S Soo Valley Columbia, S.C n.a. M IRC Fibers Painesville, Ohio 11 Y Newton Filaments Homer, N.Y n.a. M Firestone Hopewell, Va 2 Y Synthetic Fibers Dow Badisehe Anderson, S.C 14 16 (1972) YS CANADA Millhaven Fibers Millhaven 23 YS Du Pont of Canada Morrisburg 14 Y PRANCE Rhodiaceta Besancon 57 YS CTA Valence 9 S - 159 - Present Planned. C on ran ies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) W.GERMANY Glanzstoff Oberbruch \ 60 YS Obernburg Hoechst Bo hingen 100 YS Bad Hersfeld 16 H Spinnfaser Kassel-Bettenhausen 5 S Du Pont Uentrop 23 59 (1971) YS (Deutachland) ICI (Europa) Ostringen 16 9 (1973) YS Fibres Offenbach 18 (1971) YS Zehlendorf Berlin-Zehlendorf 12 S Faserwerke Huels Karl 24 15 (1974) YS Khodiaceta Freiburg — 6 (1972) Y Phrix-Werke Kreis Deggendorf — 12 (1972) Y ITALY Rhodiatoce Casoria \ 26 YS Pallanza 16 (1973) Generale Resine Vibo Valentia 6 YS Chatillon Vercelli \ YS Ivrea 13 Anic Pisticci 12 S Snia Viscosa Cesano Maderno \ YS Varedo 23 33 (1971) ., Italiana Resino Porto Torres 20 YS NETHERLANDS Enka Breda K aunen 41 UK Hoechst Limavady 5 3 (1971) Y ICI Fibers rfilton \ ; YS Kilroot 77 23 (1971) British Enkalon Antrim 11 Y Courtaulds Carrickfergus - 9 (1971) Y SWITZERLAND Ems-Gel senberg Domat 10 5 (1972) S Viscose Suisse Widnau - n.a.(l97l) Y AUSTRIA Austria Faserwerke Lenzing 25 S PORTUGAL Finicia-Pibras Portalegre 5 S SPAIN SAFA Blancs 14 YS Seda de Barcelona Prat de LI o brega t 1 YS - 160 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) Y GREECE Polyetma Athens 1 (1971) YS VENEZUELA Fibras Químicas Valencia 1 Hilados Flexilon Caracas n.a. Sudantex Maracay n.a. Fibras Sintetic.-is Maracay 1 S YS COLOMBIA Polímeros Colombianos Medellin Celanese Colombiana Yumbo n.i S Enka de Colombia Girardota 1 YS BRAZIL Rhodia Industria Santo Andre 3 YS Químicas Rhodia Nordeste Cabo n.j.a. YS Cotonificio Cavea Rio de Janeiro 1 S Textilquimica Sao Jose doe Campos 3 S Polynor Joao Pessoa n.a. YS Soutex de Roupas Rio de Janeiro n.a. Y Safron Salvador n.a. YS YS ARGENTINA Copet Peccar 4 Petroquímica Olmos - La Plata 3 YS Sudamericana Sudamt ex Azul 3 S Nahami a s Buenos Aires n.a. Y Rhodiaseta Argentina Quilmes n.a. Y S MEXICO Policron de Mexico La Leona n.a. Celanese Mexicana Cootlan 1 Y 'Po luca 1 S Fibras Químicas Monterrey n.a. YS Kimex Tlalnepantla n.a. Y Nylon de Mexico La Leona 3 (1971) Y CHILE Química Industrial Maipu 1 S Fibro-Quimica Santiago 3 S Sumar San Joaquin 1 YS YS PERU Celanese Peruana Lima URGUAY Slovak Montevideo n.i YS - 161 - Present Planned Companies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) JAPAN Toray Industry Mi8hima 30 3 Y Inc. Mishima Finirne ) 37 3 S Teijin Ltd. Tokuyama Mat8uyama 39 3 Y Matsuyama E h ime 30 3 S Kurare Saijo Tamash ima 9 5 Y Tamashima 24 3 S Toyobo Co., Ltd. Tauruga Iwakuni 15 1 Y Iwakuni 16 3 S Japan Eater Co., Okazaki 9 Y Ltd. Okazaki 21 5 S Asahi Chemical Nobeoka 3 6 Y Industry Co.,Ltd. Shinko Ester Co., Toyohashi 6 3 Y Ltd. Kanegafuchi Boufu 6 3 Y Spinning Co. ,Ltd. ., Toyobo Pet Code Tsuruga TAIWAN Hualon-Teijin Toufen 4 YS Kuo Hwa Chemical Panchiao 2 Y Asia Cement Hsinpu n.a. S Hung Chou Chemical Kuishan n.a. Y Lien Yu Industrial Liutu n.a. Y Nan Ya Plastics Taishan n.a. S Shinkong Synthetic Chungli n.a. Y Fibers Yu Ho Fiber Tao-yuan n.a. Y KOREA Daehan Synthetic Pu san YS Fiber Sam Yang Chonju 5 YS Sun Kyong-Teijin Suwon 3 Y Tai Han Industrial Taegu 1 S Korea Polyester Taegu n.a. Y PHILLIPPINES Filipinas Synthetic Hanila n.a. YS - 162 - Present Planned Conoanies Location Capacity Capacity Remarks (end-1970) THAILAND Teijin Tetoron Rangsit n.a. S Toray Nylon Thai Bangkaen n.a. Y INDIA Chemicals & Fibrei 3 Thana 6 S Ahmedabab Mfg Ranoli - n.a. S Indian Organic Manali - n.a. s Chemicals J.K. Synthetics Ko ta - n.a. Y Swadeshi Polytex Kovinagar - n.a. S Nirlon Synthetic Goregaon - n.a. Y TURKEY Polylen Sentetik Bursa e YS Sancak Tul Istanbul n.a. Y Sasa Suni Adana 5 S AUSTRALIA Fibremakers Baywater 7 YS NEW ZEALAND Holeproof Mills Shannon n.a. YS SOUTH AFRICA Hoechst Fibres & Milnerton 1 S Chemicals South African Nylon Bellvill« 1.5 Y Remarks : Y Filament S Staple M Monofilament - 163 - ^w^ rH A iTi il) 0> v a > s J< > 0) "*v a) e m o CD IO ^ O o o f\l IO Ml« rH &H i-H O rH rH 3$ 8 O IO t\i + O 4- c\j ru + -H «8 fO CD r- i-i «I o CM .*¡«3 > \ a) io eu « rt M CM £ a " o wv. t- m ve. * O Q * O • O " £ CM rH o vo r-t O IT\ KN XI > 3 o 31 ^1& o OS 00 rH H W ÍM + O, r*. r». • o 1 ¡•-i Q > M tu H \-> - M 1 (A o < H M o t vr « tf fi OJ rH i *I o£3 be S M > M 4 ^v « 0. • CM w « o M CM O c/m È t- S 8 o r:1 CT> rH 8 IT» IO rH r\i rH + O • (M c\j + rH « O 41 1« CM b CD t-k CM + ao 0> l-t 8 4) U u tO -r) 44 J4 P4 PM pfa f». M M n M r-t M W &. «ri k O ti O U o os K o S M t> (0 +> •ri o o o ai o •e +> a •ri M « (S 3 « ri M r-t O O O a r< z ft. w t) 41 O «1 a g o X <ë i t» O ft. - 164 - J3 > r-l Cd r\i 01 1- o 4) "•«•.Vi m r-l í-l UH to tí .O > i« > M r-t «a M a \ il 0 O <¡> Í\J ri co fe CO iH r-l Cd fi u x> ri M <5f> cd \ o ca 'O 0) IV V fe PO w (il 4) 0) -»Lin Vi. O O in m rH *»• CNJ ^O Ä > CD •m\R. \r-l >« o * in û " ft <\l r-i + .M 60 co A! > Cd rH (d \ ad CD o vo co ir\ .-I C\l c- in in rt fi t- • 8 r-¡ ^3 > r-l Cd «I 4) r-l " fi C\J r-l (M + 1Z} JAPAN OAMLINK CO.. LTO t • («IMO«) m»*tSU»U RMUSMIKI KMSHA, M » I. • •[0M»IWU«tlll«]- • -imOM-F FIG.'if-J PETROCHEMICALS it * TO K PfWOUCCO I «! • i. LINf*- WTIT •'•I.. 0*TI SC*.I •'•I ALKQ.KNONI •wrr nmr • 4 Iff •FO ruNM i)4 fll