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A New Egyptian Long Staple Cotton Cross ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION

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A New Egyptian Long Staple Cotton Cross ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION J. Plant Production, Mansoura Univ., Vol. 9 (12): 1197 - 1202 , 2018 A New Egyptian Long Staple Cotton Cross Abdelmoghny, A. M.; M. H. M. Orabi and Mariz S. Max Cotton Breeding Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt ABSTRACT New promising cotton cross {[(Giza 89 X Karshinky) X Giza 86] X Giza 94} belonging to G. barbadense L., accompanied with combinations of excellent fiber traits and higher yield potential and possessing strong tolerance to Fusarium wilt developed by Cotton Breeding Department, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt. It is under the varietal approval process and will be named Giza 97 for general cultivation. It was developed through artificial pollination of diversified parents utilizing pedigree selection technique. F1 population resulting from the parental crossways advanced by using pedigree method and selection beginning in the F 2 generation. The superior families were selected from F 5 generation based on yield potential, fiber quality and overall better performance over standard varieties. The regional trial conducted of five growing seasons from 2014 to 2018 in different six locations representing the cultivated zone of this cotton category, the promising cross is out yielded significantly all the standard varieties. The new cross is widely adapted and fulfills the requirements of both cotton growers by high yielding and spinners by high lint percentage and good fiber quality as a long staple cotton variety. The new cross was recommended to be released as a new cotton variety. Keywords: Egyptian cotton, pedigree method, regional trial, yield traits, fiber quality. INTRODUCTION The main objectives of Egyptian cotton breeding program is the development of new cotton varieties Cotton fiber is the world’s most important natural characterize by high yield productivity, early maturity, textile fiber. Egyptian cotton ( Gossypium barbadense L.,) resistant to disease and pests, homogeneous in lint color and is an economically important cash crop in Egypt. Egyptian seeds fuzz, long length, fiber strength, fiber fineness and cotton varieties produced by intraspecific hybridization increasing lint yield to seed cotton yield ratio (Al-Didi, 1972 except Dandara and classified into two categories: extra- and 1982). Hence, the release of new high yielding, resistant long and long staple cotton category (Al-Didi, 1972). The to Fusarium wilt variety with good fiber quality traits would Egyptian long staple cotton varieties are an economically boost up the sustainable cotton productivity in Egypt. important in Egypt, which represent nearly 85% of total The cotton breeder must test the new breeding cotton production during the two growing seasons 2017 materials in regional or advanced trial (LB). In these and 2018. This category had two commercial varieties experiments, the changes in the relative behavior of Giza 86 and Giza 94. genotype in different environments are usually observed. The cotton research institute (CRI) released 96 This phenomenon is called genotype x environment cotton verities until now. The varietal improvement work in interaction (GEI), which makes selection in breeding Egyptian cotton started as early as in 1822 by individual programs more difficult, because the breeders need to select efforts. When Egyptian Agricultural Society was established the high yield genotypes which is the most stable or widely in 1898 the breeding works go ahead on a scientific base of adaptability to multienvrionments (Farias et al ., 2016). plant breeding. It was further strengthened in 1919 when the It is common inspection that the varieties, almost Cotton Research Board was established (now the Cotton immediately after release start losing identity, showing Research Institute) launched a new varieties. Since 1921 the deterioration and low production potential. The usual causes Egyptian cotton breeder has used artificial hybridization and behind this include mechanical factors like mixing during pedigree method to develop new Egyptian cotton varieties, farm operations, genetically factors like crosspollination, the first cross between Ashmouni and Sakel to produced gene frequency changes, natural gene mutation and disease wafer. Since this date all the Egyptian varieties have epidemics. There is fundamental need to develop a variety originated from artificial hybridization except Dandara with passage of time which performs well in all types of produce by direct selection from Ashmouni field (Ware, disease epidemic conditions (Iqbal et al ., 2014). 1959 and Al Didi, 1972 and 1982). Gossypium barbadense This promising cross produced by artificial L., is known as long, extra long, fine and strong fiber quality. pollination then used pedigree selection method. Cotton breeding remained a continuous objective of the Evaluation in regional trial was done during five growing development of new varieties and sustainable seed cotton seasons to study genotype x environment interaction and to yield. indentify the adaptability and compared with the two The pedigree method describes a selection protocol commercial varieties in this category. Also, produce utilized during the inbreeding of populations of self and breeder seeds from isolated field. cross pollinated species in the development of homozygous lines. Superior single plants are selected in successive MATERIALS AND METHODS generations and a record is maintained of the parent progeny Development of this promising cross is a result of relationships (which may extend to grand-parent, great- crossing between two cotton genotypes belonging to grandparent, or more ancestral generations). Selections are Gossypium barbadense L., [(Giza 89 x Karshinky) x Giza based on visual evaluations of high heritability traits (Fehr, 86] as the female parent characterize by high fiber strength 1987). Pedigree method is a detailed record of the and early maturity with Giza 94 as a male parent which relationship between the selected plants and their progenies superior by seed cotton yield and lint percentage in the and maintained as a result of each progeny in every growing season 2007 at Giza Experimental Station, Cotton generation can be traced back to the F2 plant from which it Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, originated. Egypt during the routine work of Egyptian cotton breeding Abdelmoghny, A. M. et al. program. Then all the later generations, isolated field and the selfed seeds make self nucleolus and the natural bolls production of breeder seeds were grown at Sakha make natural nucleolus. The selfed and natural nucleolus Experimental Station, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate was grow as bluk families in three rows set of 4m length, F1 generation was planted in the next season as 70cm apart and distance between plants within rows was individual plants and in flowering stage self pollination 30cm. the best natural nucleolus selected to establish the was done to obtain selfed seeds. The F 1 plants were picked experimental yield trial. The experimental yield trial design and planted in the next season 2009 as individual plants to was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with produce F 2 plants. Also, self pollination was done at six replications. Each entry was grown in a plot of five flowering stage. At maturity, all self and natural pollinated rows set of 4m length, distance was 70cm between rows bolls of desirable single plants were picked from whole F 2 and 30cm within plants. population. After laboratory work, selection based on high At harvest, fifty bolls were collected from the two yielding and good fiber quality plants. The natural bolls of outer rows to measure average boll weight (BW) in grams. the selected F 2 plants were planted as bulked families and While, the three inner rows were harvested to estimate seed selfed bolls of the same plant were planted as individual cotton yield (SCY) and lint yield (LY) which expressed in plants to produce F 3 generation in 2010 growing season. At Kantar/Feddan (Kantar of seed cotton yield =157.5 Kg, maturity, all self and natural pollinated bolls of desirable Kantar of lint yield=50 Kg and Feddan=4200 m2). Fiber single plants were picked and bulk family of the selected F 3 quality characters were estimated at Cotton Technology population. After laboratory work, the superior families Laboratory, Cotton Research Institute, Agricultural were select beside their individual plants based on high Research Center, Giza, Egypt. yielding and good fiber quality. Then, the selected Yield data were subjected to analysis of variance individual plants from each family were planted as (ANOVA), which was done for each location separately. individual plants from selfed bolls and open pollinated Also, combined analysis of variance was done using the bolls as bulk families to produce F 4 generation. The cotton mean data of each location for regional or advanced trial breeder repeated the same selection process to promote for (LB). Bartlett test was used to determine the homogeneity next generations. Bulk family grown in a plot consists of of error variances between environments to determine the three rows set of 4m length, 70cm apart and distance validity of the combined analysis of variance on the data as between plants within rows was 30cm. While, individual described by Gomez and Gomez 1984. plants grown in two replicates each one consists of two RESULTS AND DISCUSSION rows set of 7m length, the distance between rows and plants was 70cm. Regular agronomic and cultural
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