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Home , Fiber, Roving, Staple (textiles)

strength in materials

Technical Product Guide

www.agy.com Table of Contents Corporate Overview

AGY provides the best quality, highest performance, and broadest range of , rovings and chop products to Corporate Overview ...... 1 a wide variety of markets and end uses. Although founded as an independent entity Manufacturing ...... 2 in 1998, AGY has a 50+ year history of serving the composites industry. Nomenclature ...... 3 Globally, AGY has over 600 employees Conversion Tables ...... 6 involved in production, sales, distribution and development of our products. Our AGY Glass Yarns ...... 8 world headquarters, technology center and manufacturing facility are located in Aiken, AGY Glass Rovings ...... 14 SC U.S.A. AGY Chopped Glass ...... 16 We also have commercial and administrative offices in Lyon, France, and AGY Packaging Specificaions ...... 18 a commercial office in Shanghai, China. AGY Sizing Systems ...... 20

Typical Fiber Properties ...... 26

Glossary of Terms ...... 28

strength in materials

1 Glass Fiber Manufacturing Glass Fiber Nomenclature

AGY glass are made from molten glass. The viscous liquid is General drawn through tiny holes at the base of the furnace to form hair-like Glass fiber yarns are typically identified by either an inch-pound based system (U.S. customary system) or a TEX/metric system (based on the SI*/metric system). filaments. A protective sizing, applied as the filament cools and This section gives a brief description of glass fiber nomenclature, including hardens, helps prevent abrasion during additional processing and comparisons of the two systems (see table on page 4). A more comprehensive makes the glass compatible with various resin systems. description can be found in ASTM D578 – standard specification for glass fiber strands.

For yarn products, after sizing is applied, filaments are gathered AGY’s products use standardized nomenclature designations that include both alphabetical and numerical elements. They identify glass composition, filament type, into strands and wound into intermediate (forming) packages for strand count and yarn construction. These designations match either an inch-pound processing. These strands become the basic components for a version or a TEX/metric version. Both systems are industry-recognized identifications. variety of and roving products. Roving Nomenclature Textile yarns are produced by twisting and sometimes several Glass fiber roving nomenclature is defined by ASTM D578. The nomenclature uses strands of fiber. Once twisted, the yarns can be further processed alpha-numeric designations signifying , sizing, yield in yards and method of by beaming or rewinding onto different packages. manufacture/construction of a roving. The following is an explanation of the standard alpha-numerical form: XXXX-YY-ZZZZ. • “XXXX” is a number/character combination signifying a binder (sizing). Textile yarns can also be texturized for decorative and industrial Typically it is a three-digit number with or without a letter designation afterwards. applications and coated with a variety of resinous or elastomeric • “YY” is a two-character alpha (letter) designation used internally by AGY to materials. For some processes, the gathered strands are not identify the method of manufacture or construction of a roving, for example it wound onto packages but are further processed into chopped may be an assemblage of multiple ends of a G75 yarn to produce a given yield. The letters would change as the method of production changed. Note that each strands for a variety of applications. company producing glass fiber rovings use their own letter designations so they would not be comparable for similar products from different manufacturers. Because of this, roving nomenclature is often shortened to indicate only the sizing and the yield as in 449-750, dropping the two-letter middle designator. • “ZZZZ” at the end of the form is the yield in yards/lb for U.S. customary system (or TEX for the SI/metric system), typically rounded to the nearest conventional Raw Material Storage yield (e.g., AGY’s 449-AA-750 yield rovings are actually 735 yds./lb. nominal). Twisting Designations such as 250, 750 and 1250 have been in existence for years, and it has become convention to use them instead of actual nominals. Please refer to

Bushing Various Yarn Beams the appropriate product technical specification for actual yields of a given product. bobbins

Furnace Texturizing Air Jet Chop Nomenclature Binder Application Glass fiber chop nomenclature is defined by ASTM D578. The chop nomenclature is Chop Forming Package modelled after the yarn nomenclature, and has the basic form:

Assembled roving SG37 544 5/32 INCH 2204 LB BULK BAG

Where S = Glass type, and can be E, S, L etc Single End Roving G = Filament filameter (See Table 1) Oven 37 = chop bundle size, in this case it was chopped from a 3700 yd / lb input 544 = Binder system 5/32 inch = chop length 2204 lb bulk bag = packaging 2 *Le Système International d’ Unités (SI) 3 Yarn Nomenclaure

Typical Yarn Nomenclature Identified Typical Yarn Nomenclature Identified Twist in U.S. Customary System In TEX/Metric System The fifth segment in the nomenclature is the number of basic strands* twisted (based on inch-pound) (based on SI/metric) together intp a single yarn. Following this number is the number of turns per unit length and either the letter “S” or “Z” which indicates the direction of the twist. The Glass Composition: Glass Composition: S or Z direction of the yarn is determined by the slope of the yarn when it is held in E=Electrical E=Electrical L=Low Dieletric L=Low Dieletric a vertical position. E S=High Strength E S=High Strength A twist is mechanically applied to yarns because, in addition to helping keep all of Type of Filament: Type of Filament: C=Continuous C=Continuous the filaments together, it provides the yarn higher abrasion resistance, improved S= S=Staple processing and better tensile strength. C T=Texturized C T=Texturized

Filament Diameter: Filament Diameter: (see Table 1) (see Table 1)

G 9

Yield Designation: Yield Designation: (see Table 2) (see Table 2) 75 Z twist: ascending left to 68 right configuration as in center of letter Z Number of single strands Number of single strands twisted into continuous filament twisted into continuous filament 1/2 ends/Number of twisted 1x2 ends x Number of twisted strands plied together strands plied together U.S. Customary Yield

Number of turns per inch in Direction of twist The approximate length of the fabricated yarn required to make one pound mass The twist of the final yarn S = S direction can be computed when the yield designation number is multiplied by 100 and 2.8 Z = Z direction divided by the total number of strands. The result of this computation must always S (see next page) be considered approximate. The yards per pound are reduced slightly in the Direction of twist Number of turns per meter in twisting and plying operations, and by the addition of sizes or binders. S = S direction the twist of the final yarn Z = Z direction 112 S (see next page)

The example above then identifies the The example above then identifies the Following yarn: ECG75 1/2 2.8S Following yarn: EC9 68 1x2 S112

E = electrical glass E = electrical glass C = continuous filament C = continuous filament G = average filament diameter 9 = 9 micrometers (see table 1) 68 = 68 grams per 1,000 meters of yarn 75 = 7,500 yards/lb. nominal bare 1x2 = one ply of 2-strand construction glass in basic strand (total 2 basic strands) 1/2 = one ply of 2-strand construction S = the direction of the twist (total 2 basic strands) 112 = the number of turns per meter 2.8 = the number of turns per inch (TPI) (TPM) in the twist of the final yarn in the twist of the final yarn S = the direction of the twist *A “basic” strand is one produced from a single bushing. 4 5 Yarn Nomenclaure (continued)

Table 1 - Designations for Glass Strand Filament Diameters Table 3 - Yarn Reference and Conversion Formulas Filament Designations Range for Filament Diameter Average Conversion - Measurements US Units SI Units Microns Inches To Convert To convert (letter) (microns) US SI US Units to SI SI Units to US Units Units BC 4 3.60 to 4.40 0.00014 to 0.000173 Multipy by: Multiply by: C 4.5 4.06 to 4.82 0.00014 to 0.000189 Length mile km 1.6093 0.6214 D 5 4.83 to 5.83 0.00014 to 0.000229 DE 6 5.84 to 6.85 0.00014 to 0.000269 inch mm 25.4000 0.0394 E 7 6.35 to 7.61 0.00014 to 0.000299 inch cm 2.5400 0.3937 F 8 7.62 to 8.88 0.00014 to 0.000345 foot mm 0.3048 3.2808 G 9 8.89 to 10.15 0.00014 to 0.000399 yard mm 0.9144 1.0936 H 11 10.16 to 11.42 0.00014 to 0.000449 2 2 J 12 11.43 to 12.69 0.00014 to 0.000499 Area yard m 0.8361 1.1960 K 13 12.70 to 13.96 0.00014 to 0.000549 inch2 cm2 6.4516 0.1550 L 14 13.97 to 15.23 0.00014 to 0.000599 feet2 m2 0.0929 10.7639 M 16 15.24 to 16.50 0.00014 to 0.000649 Textile oz/yd g/m 31.0039 0.0323 N 17 16.51 to 17.77 0.00014 to 0.000699 oz/yd2 g/m2 33.9063 0.0295 P 18 17.78 to 19.04 0.00014 to 0.000749 Q 20 10.95 to 20.31 0.00014 to 0.000799 turns/in [tpi] turns/m [tpm] 40.000 0 0.0250 R 21 20.32 to 21.58 0.00014 to 0.000849 yd/lb m/kg 2.01659 0.4961 S 22 21.59 to 22.85 0.00014 to 0.000899 T 23 22.86 to 24.12 0.00014 to 0.000949 U 24 24.13 to 25.40 0.00014 to 0.000999 Table 4 - Strand Twist Cross Reference The low values stated for each micron range are exact equivalents to inches, rounded to the nearest houndredth micron. The high Turns per Inch (tpi) vs Turns per Meter (tpm) values stated for each micron range are slightly higher than exact equivalents to inches to provide continuation between ranges. TPI TPM TPI TPM Table 2 - Description of Continuous Filament Glass Fibers 0.2 8 3.0 120 Filament Designations Nominal Yarn Number (strand count) 0.5 20 3.5 140 SI Units Approximate US Units SI Units 100 Bare Glass TEX Number of 0.7 28 3.8 152 (letter) (microns) yds/lb (yds/lb) (g/1000m) Filaments 1.0 40 4.0 160 BC 4 3,750 375,000 1.32 40 BC 4 3,400 340,000 1.46 5- 1.3 52 5.0 200 BC 4 3,000 300,000 1.70 51 BC 4 2,250 225,000 2.2 66 2.0 80 7.0 280 BC 4 1,500 150,000 3.3 102 2.8 112 8.0 320 D 5 1,800 180,000 2.8 51 BC 4 1,700 170,000 2.9 100 C 4.5 1,360 136,000 3.6 100 Table 5 - Yardange Conversions Factors C 4.5 1,200 120,000 4.1 102 D 5 1,020 102,000 4.9 100 Conversion - Yardage D 5 900 90,000 5.5 102 US Units to Metric Units Metric Units to US Units D 5 510 51,000 9.7 200 D 5 450 45,000 11 204 Denier = 4,464,492 yds/lbs = 4,464,492 DE 6 340 34,000 15 200 (yds/lbs) Denier E 7 255 22,500 22 200 E 7 225 22,500 22 204 TEX = 496,055 yds/lb = 496,055 BC 4 150 15,000 33 1064 (yds/lb) Tex DE 6 150 15,000 33 408 G 9 150 15,000 33 204 TEX = 590.5 Count = 590.5 DE 6 100 10,000 50 612 Cotton count Tex DE 6 75 7,500 66 816 G 9 75 7,500 66 408 Denier = 5,315 Cotton count = 5,315 H 11 55 5,500 90 408 Cotton Count Denier G 9 50 5,000 99 609 Denier = TEX x 9.0 G 9 37 3,700 134 816 K 13 37 3,700 134 408 H 11 25 2,500 198 816 G 9 19 1,900 257 1632 K 13 18 1,800 275 816 H 11 18 1,800 275 1224 6 7 AGY Glass Yarns E-Glass Singles Yarns Filament Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbins Pallet Dimensions Nominal Yield Bobbin Pallet Diameter Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights per Length Width Height Length Width Height (yds/lb) (TEX) Type Type US Micron (lbs) (N) (lbs) (kg) Pallet [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] BC 4 3,750 1/0 0.5Z 375,000 1.32 12 0.25 1.1 622 7636 0.5 0.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 3,000 1/0 0.7Z 300,000 1.65 15 0.34 1.5 622 7636 1.5 0.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 2,250 1/0 0.7Z 225,000 2.2 20 0.42 1.9 622 7636 1.4 0.6 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 1,800 1/0 1.0Z 180,000 2.8 25 0.50 2.2 620-1 7636 2.0 0.9 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 1,500 1/0 0.5Z 150,000 3.3 30 0.65 2.9 622 7636 2.0 0.9 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 C 4.5 1,200 1/0 0.5Z 120,000 4.1 37 0.76 3.4 622 7636 2.3 1.0 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 900 1/0 1.0Z 90,000 5.5 50 0.90 4.0 620-1 7636 3.1 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 900 1/0 1.0Z 90,000 5.5 50 0.90 4.0 622 7636 3.1 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 7636 1.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 1.9 8.5 620-1 4.0 8542 0.0 T-306 120 45.5 45.5 43 116 116 109 7636 1.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 1.9 8.5 622 4.0 8542 0.0 T-306 120 45.5 45.5 43 116 116 109 D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 2.1 9.3 723 7636 4.0 1.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 E 7 225 1/0 1.0Z 22,500 22 198 3.3 14.7 620-1 8542 0.9 0.4 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 E 7 225 1/0 0.5Z 22,500 22 198 3.5 15.6 622 8542 7.9 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 E 7 225 2/0 4.0Z 11,250 44 397 5.8 26 620-1 9228 7.6 3.4 T-306 168 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 BC 4 150 1/0 1.0Z 15,000 33 298 5.2 23 636 7636 3.8 1.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 150 1/0 3.0Z 15,000 33 298 5.2 23 636 9228 3.8 1.7 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 BC 4 150 2/0 3.0Z 7,450 67 599 10.0 44 636 9228 8.0 3.6 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 BC 4 150 4/0 3.0Z 3,700 134 1,207 20 90 636 9228 8.0 3.6 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 DE 6 150 1/0 0.7Z 15,000 33 298 5.1 23 620 8542 6.8 3.1 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 G 9 150 1/0 0.7Z 15,000 33 298 4.5 20 620 8542 9.1 4.1 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 G 9 150 1/0 0.7Z 15,000 33 298 4.5 20 636 8542 9.1 4.1 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 G 9 150 3/0 3.0Z 5,000 99 893 11.5 51 636 9225 4.9 2.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 DE 6 100 1/0 0.7Z 10,000 50 446 6.8 30 636 8542 8.1 3.7 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 8542 8.0 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 DE 6 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,500 66 595 9.6 43 620 8571 16.4 7.4 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107 G 9 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,300 68 612 9.2 41 620 8571 19.4 8.8 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107 G 9 75 1/0 1.0S 7,300 68 612 11.0 49 517 8542 7.9 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 G 9 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,300 68 612 12.0 53 603 8542 7.9 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 H 11 55 1/0 0.7Z 5,500 90 812 10.4 46 641 8542 8.7 3.9 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 G 9 50 1/0 0.7Z 5,000 99 893 12.9 57 620 8571 18 8.2 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107 G 9 37 1/0 3.0Z 3,700 134 1,207 16.5 73 620 9225 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 G 9 37 1/0 0.7Z 3,700 134 1,207 17.4 77 620-1 8571 19.0 8.6 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107 G 9 37 1/0 0.7Z 3,700 134 1,207 24 105 603 8542 8.0 3.6 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 H 11 25 1/0 0.7Z 2,500 198 1,786 24 108 620 8542 8.1 3.7 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 H 11 18 1/0 0.7Z 1,800 276 2,480 33 147 620 8571 19.2 8.7 RPPU 60 52 45.5 42 132 116 107 K 13 18 1/0 0.5Z 1,800 276 2,480 44 195 517 8542 8.3 3.8 RPPU 168 52 45.5 46 132 116 117 NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative T-306 RPPU - Returnable Plastic Pallets 7636: 8542: 9228: 8542: 8571: 18 Bobbins per layer 10 Bobbins per layer 12 Bobbins per layer 28 Bobbins per tray 15 Bobbins per tray 3 Layers per box 3 Layers per bo 3 Layers per box 3 Trays high 2 Trays high 54 Bobbins per box 30 Bobbins per box 36 Bobbins per box 2 Bundles per pallet 2 Bundles per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet 168 Bobbins per pallet 60 Bobbins per pallet 216 Bobbins per Pallet 120 Bobbins per Pallet 144 Bobbins per Pallet 8 9 AGY Glass Yarns (continued)

Lot Glass® Yarns Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Bobbins per Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights Pallet Type Length Width Height Length Width Height US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet (lbs) (N) (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] G 9 150 4/0 4.0Z 3,620 137 1,233 17.5 78 620-1 9228 7.6 3.4 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97 G 9 150 1/0 4.0Z 14,905 33 300 TBD TBD 620-1 9228 4.0 1.8 T-306 144 45.5 45.5 38 116 116 97

L-Glass® Yarns Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Bobbins per Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet (lbs) (N) (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] BC 4 3,400 1/0 1.0Z 340,000 1.46 13 0.25 1.1 620-1 7636 0.35 0.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 1,700 1/0 1.0Z 170,000 2.9 26 0.65 2.9 620-1 7636 0.5 0.2 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 C 4.5 1,360 1/0 1.0Z 136,000 3.6 33 0.65 2.9 620-1 7636 0.8 0.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 1,020 1/0 1.0Z 102,000 4.9 44 0.8 3.6 620-1 7636 1.5 0.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 510 1/0 1.0Z 51,000 10 88 1.7 7.6 620-1 7636 1.5 0.7 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 DE 6 340 1/0 1.0Z 34,000 15 131 2.4 10.7 620-1 7636 3.0 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 E 7 255 1/0 1.0Z 25,500 19 175 3.0 13.5 620-1 7636 3.0 1.4 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

S-2 Glass® Yarns Average Tensile Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Bobbins per Sliver Const Twist Denier Strength Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet (lbs) (N) (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 2.3 10.2 636 7636 1.8 0.8 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 G 9 150 1/0 1.0Z 15,000 33 298 5.7 25 636 7636 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 G 9 150 1/0 1.0Z 15,000 33 298 7.4 33 493 7636 4.6 2.1 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 G 9 75 1/0 1.0Z 7,500 66 595 10.8 48 636 7636 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 G 9 75 1/0 0.7Z 7,500 66 595 14.7 65 933 7636 4.7 2.1 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 G 9 75 1/0 1.0Z 7,500 66 595 16.2 72 493 7636 5.0 2.3 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

S-3 HDI Glass® Yarns Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Nominal Tensile Bobbins per Sliver Const Twist Denier Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) (lbs) (N) Pallet (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] BC 4 3,750 1/0 0.7Z 375,000 1.32 12 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 0.35 0.16 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 3,000 1/0 0.7Z 300,000 1.65 15 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 0.35 0.16 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 1,500 1/0 1.0Z 150,000 3.3 30 0.79 3.5 620-1 7636 1.0 0.45 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 C 4.5 1,200 1/0 1.0Z 120,000 4.1 37 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 1.0 0.45 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 D 5 450 1/0 1.0Z 45,000 11 99 TBD TBD 620-1 7636 2.0 0.91 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 E 7 225 1/0 1.0Z 22,500 22 198 3.8 17.0 620-1 7636 2.0 0.91 T-306 216 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

BC Approx. Full Bobbin Pallet Dimensions Filament Diameter Nominal Yield Nominal Tensile Bobbins per Sliver Const Twist Denier Sizing Bobbin Weights Packaging Length Width Height Length Width Height US Micron (yds/lb) (TEX) (lbs) (N) Pallet (lbs) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] BC 4 BC - 4 2/2 9.6Z 3,550 140 1,258 27 123 636 8512 3.8 1.7 T-306 300 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 BC - 6 2/3 9.1Z 2,330 213 1,916 34 151 636 8542 8.0 3.6 T-306 120 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114 BC 4 BC - 8 2/4 8.3Z 1,730 287 2,581 90 405 636 8512 3.8 1.7 T-306 300 45.5 45.5 45 116 116 114

T-306 7636: 9228: 12 Bobbins per layer 12 Bobbins per layer 3 Layers per box 36 Bobbins per box 36 Bobbins per box 4 Boxes per pallet 4 Boxes per pallet 144 Bobbins per Pallet 144 Bobbins per Pallet 10 11 AGY Glass Yarns (continued)

E-Glass Multi-Tex (Multi-End Texturized) Yarns Pallet Dimensions Nomenclature Sizing Nominal Yield Packages per Typical Pallet Weight** Sliver Length Width Height Length Width Height US SI (yds/lb) (TEX) Pallet (lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] ETDE 1.75 ET6-2835 1.75 None 173 2,867 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 1.75 ET6-2835 1.75 Acrylic 168 2,953 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 2.25 ET6-2205 2.25 None 217 2,286 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 2.25 ET6-2205 2.25 Acrylic 214 2,318 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 3.50 ET6-1417 3.50 None 346 1,434 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 3.50 ET6-1417 3.50 Acrylic 357 1,390 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 4.50 ET6-1102 4.50 None 440 1,127 45 650 295 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 4.50 ET6-1102 4.50 Acrylic 432 1,148 45 750 340 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 6.00* ET6-827 6.00 None 589 842 45 625 283 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 6.00* ET6-827 6.00 Acrylic 589 842 45 725 329 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 9.00* ET6-551 9.00 None 878 565 45 500 227 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETDE 11.60* ET6-428 11.60 None 1,205 412 45 500 227 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 1.40 ET9-3543 1.40 None 135 3,674 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 1.75 ET9-2835 1.75 None 162 3,062 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 1.75 ET9-2835 1.75 Acrylic 161 3,081 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 2.25 ET9-2205 2.25 Acrylic 222 2,234 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 2.75* ET9-1804 2.75 Acrylic 250 1,984 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 3.50* ET9-1417 3.50 None 362 1,370 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 3.50 ET9-1417 3.50 Acrylic 357 1,390 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 4.50 ET9-1102 4.50 None 448 1,107 45 600 272 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 4.50 ET9-1102 4.50 Acrylic 447 1,110 45 735 333 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 6.00 ET9-827 6.00 None 621 799 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 6.00 ET9-827 6.00 Acrylic 594 835 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 9.00* ET9-551 9.00 None 938 529 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 ETG 9.00* ET9-551 9.00 Acrylic 927 535 45 480 218 45.5 45.5 45.5 116 116 116 NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact * These products are make to order only your AGY Technical Representative ** Pallet weight information is for reference only, actual pallet weights will vary All products pack 3 - 25 lb T-405 Packaging 15 Packages per layer 3 Layers High 45 Packages per pallet

Forming Tube Input Products Pallet Dimensions Glass Filament Nominal Yield Tube ID Pkgs Products Binder Sliver Length Width Height Length Width Height Type Diameter (yds/lb) (in) per Pallet [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] S2 SCE225 1/0 762 762 E225 7 22,500 6 36 45 31 38 114 79 97 E ECG50 1/0 762 762 G50 9 5,000 11 27 48 45.5 50.5 122 116 128 E ECG75 1/0 762 762 G75 9 7,300 11 27 46 41.5 50.5 117 105 128 E ECH15 1/0 762 762 H15 9 1,500 11 27 46 41.5 50.5 117 105 128

Forming tube packaging - 11” Forming tube input - 6” 9 Packages per layer 12 Packages per layer 3 Layers per pallet 3 Layers per pallet 27 Packages per pallet 36 Packages per pallet 12 13 AGY Glass Rovings

S-2 Glass® Assembled Rovings Nominal Package Pallet Dimensions Filament Nominal Yield End Tube Packages Length Width Height Length Width Height Product Binder Diameter (yds/lb) (TEX) Count Draw Weight Resin Compatibility Type ID per Pallet (lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] 365-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 , Vinyl Ester, 365-AA-750 365 9 746 665 10 Outside 16 7 Epoxy 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99 365-AA-250 249 1,992 30 449-AA-2500 2,444 203 3 449-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 Epoxy (Amine), 449-AA-750 449 9 735 675 10 Outside 16 7 Urethane Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99 449-AA-250 245 2,025 30 463-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 463-AA-750 463 9 733 677 10 Outside 16 7 Epoxy (Anhydride), Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99 463-AA-250 244 2,033 30 Phenolic 933-AA-1250 1,222 406 6 , BMI, PEEK, 933-AA-750 933 9 735 675 10 Outside 16 7 PEI, PPS, PES, PEK, Paper 3” 60 31 45 39 79 114 99 933-AA-310 307 1,616 24 PAI, Epoxies and LCP NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative S-2 Glass® Single End VeTron™ Rovings Nominal Pallet Dimensions Filament Nominal Yield End Resin Tube Packages Length Width Height Length Width Height Product Binder Diameter (yds/lb) (TEX) Count Draw Package Weight Compatibility Type ID per Pallet (lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] VE1-AB-1200 18 413 1,201 None 60 45.5 46 37 116 116 94 VE1 1 Inside 16 7 Vinyl Ester, 6 3/8” VE1-AB-2400 26 207 2,396 Polyester Thick Wall 36 31 45 37 79 114 94 NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

S-2 Glass® Single End Zentron® Rovings Nominal Package Pallet Dimensions Filament Nominal Yield End Tube Packages Product Binder Draw Weight Resin Compatibility Length Width Height Length Width Height Diameter (yds/lb) (TEX) Count Type ID per Pallet (lb) kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 517-AB-675 517 14 675 735 1 Inside 16 7 Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 6 3/8” Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 561-AB-675 561 14 675 735 1 Inside 16 7 High Temperature None 6 3/8” Outside Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 758-AB-675 758 14 675 735 1 Inside 16 7 Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 6 3/8” Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 Polyamides, BMI, PEEK, 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 933-AB-675 933 14 675 735 1 Inside 16 7 PEI, PPS, PES, PEK, None 6 3/8” Outside PAI, Epoxies and LCP Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 517-AB-1400 517 9 1,400 360 1 Inside 16 7 Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 6 3/8” Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 561-AB-1400 561 9 1,400 360 1 Inside 16 7 High Temperature None 6 3/8” Outside thermoplastics Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 758-AB-1400 758 9 1,400 360 1 Inside 16 7 Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 6 3/8” Outside wetting Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 Polyamides, BMI, PEEK, 60 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 933-AB-1400 933 9 1,400 360 1 Inside 16 7 PEI, PPS, PES, PEK, None 6 3/8” Outside PAI, Epoxies and LCP Thick Wall 36 31 45 45 79 114 114 Inside - 721B-AC-250 721B 24 250 2,059 1 Continuous 73 33 Epoxy/Polyester, fast None 6 3/8 27 45.5 45.5 37 116 116 94 Pack wetting NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

Outside draw and Inside Draw Assembled roving packaging 20 Packages per Layer continuous packaging packaging 3 Layers High 9 Packages per Layer 12 Packages per Layer 60 Packages per pallet 3 Layers High 3 Layers High 27 Packages per pallet 36 Packages per pallet 14 15 AGY Chopped Glass

Engineered Chop Products Box / Pallet Dimensions Glass Filament Filaments Resin Nominal Pallet Weight Binder Chop Length Packaging Bag per Length Width Height Length Width Height Type Diameter per Bundle Compatibility (lb) kg) Pallet [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] 50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122 S2 7 1,200 522 4mm (5/32”) Poly carbonate 2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122 S2 9 816 522 4mm (5/32”) Poly carbonate 2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122 S2 7 1,200 544 4mm (5/32”) 2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122 S2 9 816 544 4mm (5/32”) Nylon 2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122 S2 7 1,200 553 4mm (5/32”) Nylon 2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 50lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 48 116 116 122 S2 9 816 553 4mm (5/32”) Nylon 2,204 lb Super Sac 1 2,204 1,000 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 Epoxy (anhydride), S2 7 408 463 6mm (1/4”) 50 lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 Phenolic S2 9 408 401 6mm (1/4”) Epoxy / urethane 50 lb box 27 1,350 612 45.5 45.5 67 116 116 170 Good E 11 1,224 700 50.8mm (2”) and processing in 50lb bag 32 1,600 726 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 Starch based, good E 9 609 620 6mm (1/4”) 40lb bag 24 960 435 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 dispersion 12.7mm (1/2”) Starch based, good E 9 609 620 20 800 363 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 dispersion 40lb bag 50.8mm (2”) Starch based, good E 6 1,632 602 1,000 lb bulk box 1 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 dispersion NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative

50lb Box Packaging Bulk box packaging Bag Packing Super Sac Packaging

Miscellaneous Bulk Fiber Nominal Pallet Pallet Dimensions Glass Products Binder Packaging Weight Length Width Height Length Width Height Type (lb) (kg) [in] [in] [in] [cm] [cm] [cm] S2 S-2 fiber By Product Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 E TP-40 Air Runback Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 E TP-40 Beam cut off Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 E TP-167 Uncut forming Hanks Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 E TP-167 Uncut Thin Tube Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 E TP-167 Start up bands Starch 1,000 lb bulk box 1,000 454 54 36 33 +/- 3 137 91 84 +/- 7 NOTE: All values given are for reference only and are subject to change, for additional information, please contact your AGY Technical Representative Bulk box packaging

16 17 AGY Packaging Specifications

Yarn Package Dimensions Flange Max Full Measurement Inside Traverse Bare Bobbin Bobbin Type Length (L) Diameter Type Build Package 7636 8512, 8542, 8571 9225, 9228 Units Diameter (ID) (T) (Nom. Weight) (FD) Diameter (D) US (in) Plastic 2.38 14.00 12.18 3.96 Double 0.49 lbs 4.50 7636 SI (cm) Tube 6.05 35.56 30.94 10.06 Taper 22.26 g 11.43

US (in) Plastic 1.69 10.63 9.13 4.31 0.50 lbs 4.0 8512 Milk Bottle SI (cm) Tube 4.29 27.00 23.19 10.95 226.8 g 10.16

US (in) Plastic 2.38 13.25 10.97 6.00 0.53 lb 5.88 8542 Milk Bottle SI (cm) Tube 6.05 33.66 27.86 15.24 240.4 g 14.92

US (in) Plastic 3.30 17.62 15.00 7.70 1.01 lb 7.58 8571 Milk Bottle SI (cm) Tube 8.39 44.77 38.10 19.56 458.13 g 19.24

US (in) Plastic 1.68 11.08 9.13 4.31 0.44 lb 4.18 9225 Straight SI (cm) Spool 4.26 28.13 23.18 10.95 199.58 g 10.62

US (in) Plastic 1.68 11.63 9.14 5.50 0.76 lb 5.05 9228 Straight SI (cm) Spool 4.26 29.53 23.16 13.97 344.73 g 12.83

Roving Package Dimensions Measurement Inside Wind Package Length (L) Traverse (T) Build 4044 4059 4144 4159 Units Diameter (ID) Direction US (in) 6.38 **10.50** 10.25 Square 4044 Forward Edge SI (cm) 16.19 **26.70** 26.04

US (in) 3.00 10.90 10.00 Square 4059 Forward Edge SI (cm) 7.62 27.69 25.40

US (in) 6.38 10.90 10.00 Square 4144 Forward Edge SI (cm) 16.19 27.69 25.40

US (in) 3.00 10.90 10.00 Square 4159 Forward Edge SI (cm) 7.62 27.69 25.40 **The 4044 package does not have an inner tube. The glass is packaged into a cylindrical shape without a core.**

Forming Tube Package Dimensions Beam Sizes Available Beam Sizes Measurement Inside 9002 9004 9020 Flange Diameter Package Units Diameter (ID) Length (L) Available (inches) Flange Diameter 36 36 40 US (in) 6.38 10.0 1063 Width 54.25 64 54.25 Barrel SI (cm) 16.2 25.4 Barrel Diameter 11.75 11.75 11.75 Diameter US (in) 8.045 11.0 Gudgeon Length 5 or 6 5 or 6 6 1083 Gudgeon Diameter 1.625 1.625 1.625 SI (cm) 20.4 27.9 Beams are made to specific customer US (in) 11.295 12.0 needs with typical end counts ranging from 1112 SI (cm) 28.7 30.5 200 - 800, however AGY has the capabilty Gudgeon of handling over 1,000 ends. Contact your US (in) 11.295 15.0 AGY representative for specific details. Length 1115 Width SI (cm) 28.7 38.1 Gudgeon 18 Diameter 19 Sizing Systems for Yarns, Rovings and Chopped Products Approximate Sizing Slivers Sizing Type Sizing Comments Application Product Compatibility / Comments LOI (%) E-Glass 517 G75, K18 0.55 Resin Directly compatible with Resin Industrial Epoxy / Polyester Yarns Systems Faster Wetting Than 603 602 DE50, DE75, DE100, DE37, G37 0.45 Starch / Lube Made to Texturize Texturization Very Efficient Product for Texturizing Directly compatible with Resin 603 G37, G75 0.60 Resin Systems Industrial Epoxy / Polyester G75, G150, G37, H18, DE75, DE150 Workhorse Sizing Industry General Purpose 620 and H25 1.20 Starch / Lube Standard Industrial Good Processability Good Processability 620-1 G37, E225, D450, D900, D1800 1.75 Starch / Lube Similar to 620 Weaving Industrial Fast Aqueous Wet-Out E225, D450, D900, C120,BC2250, 622 BC3000 1.50 Starch / Lube Air Friendly Weaving Good Loom Efficiency 636 G150, DE100, DE37, BC150 1.20 Starch / Lube General Purpose Weaving Industrial General purpose, good processability Industrial sizing, high strand Good Processability 641 G150, G75, H55 1.00 Starch / Lube integrity Warping Industrial High Strand Integrity 723 D450 1.20 Starch / Lube High Tensile Industrial High Tensile Industrial Applications Directly compatible with Resin S-2 Glass® Yarns 383 SG150 0.70 Resin Systems Industrial Epoxy / Polyester / Vinyl Ester Directly compatible with Resin 493 SG150 and SG75 0.45 Resin Systems Industrial Epoxy / Polyester Directly compatible with Resin 550 SG150 and SG75 0.50 Resin Systems Aerospace Industrial High Temperature Thermoplastics 636 SG150 and SG75 1.20 Starch / Lube General Purpose Weaving Industrial General purpose, good processability Directly compatible with Resin 762 SE225 0.42 Resin Systems Industrial Rubber Compatible Directly compatible with Resin "Toughened Epoxy / Thermoplastics 933 SG75 0.23 Resin Systems Aerospace Poor Broken Filament Resistance" BC1700, C1360, D1020, D510, DE340, L-glass® Yarns 620-1 E255 1.50 Starch / Lube Air Friendly Weaving Good Loom Efficiency Assembled 365 250, 750, and 1250 yield 0.50 Resin Directly compatible with Resin Industrial Polyester / Vinyl Ester / Epoxy Rovings Systems Directly compatible with Resin 449 250, 750, 1250 and 2500 yield 0.65 Resin Systems Aerospace Industrial Epoxy (Amine) / Urethane Compatible Directly compatible with Resin 463 250, 750 and 1250 yield 1.00 Resin Systems Aerospace Industrial Epoxy (Anhydride) / Phenolic Directly compatible with Resin Toughened Epoxy /Thermoplastics, 933 310, 750 and 1250 yield 0.23 Resin Systems Aerospace Poor Broken Filament Resistance Directly compatible with Resin "Epoxy / Polyester Direct Rovings 517 675 and 1400 yield 0.50 Resin Systems Aerospace Industrial Faster Wetting Than 603" Directly compatible with Resin 561 675 and 1400 yield 0.25 Resin Systems Aerospace Industrial High Temperature Thermoplastics Directly compatible with Resin Epoxy Compatible, Fastest Epoxy 721B 250 yield 0.40 Resin Systems Industrial Wet-Out Directly compatible with Resin Epoxy Compatible, Fastest Epoxy 758 675 and 1400 yield 0.65 Resin Systems Aerospace Recreation Wet-Out Directly compatible with Resin Toughened Epoxy /Thermoplastics, 933 675 and 1400 yield 0.30 Resin Systems Aerospace Poor Broken Filament Resistance Directly compatible with Resin VEI 207 and 414 yield 0.50 Resin Systems Marine Weaving Vinylester / Polyester Compatible Various Input E-Glass Chop 402 1/4" Chop 0.85 Starch / Lube N/A Industrial H18 Input Special Chopping Good Dispersion and Processing in 700 2" Chop 0.44 Size Made for Carding Carding Carding S-2 Glass® Chop 401 SG-75 Input 1.20 Resin N/A Industrial Epoxy / Urethane Chopped 1/4" Chop SE-37, SG-37 Thermoplastic polyester and 522 5/32" Chop 0.80 Chop Made for Extrusion Industrial polycarbonate SE-37, SG-37 Thermoplastic 544 5/32" Chop 0.90 Chop Made for Extrusion Industrial Polyamides () SE-37, SG-37 Thermoplastic 553 5/32" Chop 0.75 Chop Made for Extrusion Industrial High Temperature Thermoplastics 20 21 Yarn Sizing Grid -- Processability & Compatibility

L-Glass® E-Glass Yarns Sizings S-2 Glass® Yarns Sizings Yarn Processability 517 602 603 620 620-1 622 636 641 723 Processability 383 493 636 550 762 933 620-1 Heat Cleanability Heat Cleanability Air Texturization Air Texturization Air Friendly Air Friendly High Strand Integrity High Strand Integrity Yarn Tensile Strength Yarn Tensile Strength Tape / Facing Laminate Tensile Tape / Facing Laminate Tensile Aqueous Wet-Out Aqueous Wet-Out Alkali Resistance Alkali Resistance Low Running Tension Low Running Tension Broken Filament Resistance Broken Filament Resistance Polymer / Resin Compatibility Polymer / Resin Compatibility PVC (polyvinyl chloride) PVC (polyvinyl chloride) PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) Epoxy Epoxy Polyester Polyester Vinyl Ester Vinyl Ester Cyanate Ester Cyanate Ester Phenolic Phenolic Acrylic Acrylic Polyurethane SBR SBR BMI (bismaleimide) BMI (bismaleimide) PTFE (Teflon) PTFE (Teflon) PA (Nylon) PA (Nylon) Polycarbonate Polycarbonate PPS PPS PEEK, PEKK PEEK, PEKK

Excellent Excellent Moderate Moderate Poor Poor N/A N/A

22 23 Roving Sizing Grid – Processability & Compatibility Chopped Fiber Sizing Grid – Processability & Compatibility

Assembled Rovings Sizings Direct Rovings Sizings E-Glass Chop Sizings S-2 Glass® Chop Sizings Processability 365 449 463 933 550 561 721B 758 933 VE1 Processability 402 700 401 522 544 553 Air Texturization Heat Cleanability Low Catenary Hopper Flow Low Twist Level Low Fines High Strand Integrity High Strand Integrity Composite Tensile Strength Air Conveyance Tape / Laminate Tensile Mechanical Conveyance Resin Impregnation Aqueous Wet-Out Elevated Temp Color Low Static Retention Plenum Air Dispersion Low Running Tension Can Be Carded Broken Filament Resistance Polymer / Resin Compatibility Polymer / Resin PVC (polyvinyl chloride) Compatibility PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) PVC (polyvinyl chloride) PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) PVAc (polyvinyl acetate) Epoxy PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) Polyester Epoxy Vinyl Ester Polyester Cyanate Ester Vinyl Ester Phenolic Cyanate Ester Acrylic Phenolic Polyurethane Acrylic SBR Polyurethane BMI (bismaleimide) SBR PTFE (Teflon) BMI (bismaleimide) Thermoplastic PTFE (Teflon) PBT (PolyButylene Terephthalate) PA (Nylon) PET ( Terephthalate) Polycarbonate PC (Polycarbonate) PPS PA 6 ( Nylon 6) PEEK, PEKK PA 6,6 (PolyAmide Nylon 6,6) PA 12 (PolyAmide Nylon 12) Excellent PPS (PolyPhenylene Sulfide) Moderate PEI (PolyEther Imide) Poor PEKK (PolyEther Ketone Ketone) N/A PEEK (PolyEther Ether Ketone)

Excellent Moderate Poor N/A

24 25 Typical Fiber Properties

Category Property Test Method Units E-Glass L-Glass S-3 HDI S-1 HM S-2 Glass Physical Density ASTM C693 g/cm3 2.55 - 2.58 2.27 - 2.29 2.42 - 2.44 2.56 - 2.58 2.46 - 2.48 Physical (Mohs Scale) -- 6.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 6.5 Physical Moisture Regain ASTM D1909 % 0 0 0 0 0

Optical Refractive Index, 589, nm Oil Immersion -- 1.547-1.562 1.496-1.500 1.516-1.520 1.544-1.548 1.520-1.525

Mechanical Fiber Tensile Strength Modified ASTM 2101 MPa 3445 -- 4630 4300 4890 Mechanical Fiber Tensile Modulus Modified ASTM 2101 GPa 72 62 86 90 89 Mechanical Strain to Failure Modified ASTM 2101 % 4.8 ------5.7 Mechanical Impregnated Strand Tensile Strength ASTM D 2343 MPa 2070-2235 -- 3270-3360 2900-3135 3569-3677 Mechanical Impregnated Strand Tensile Modulus ASTM D 2343 GPa 69-76 -- 85-86 89-91 87-90

UD Fabric Laminate Properties (60% FVF) Mechanical Tensile Strength ASTM D 3039 / ISO 527-5 MPa 775 -- -- 1230 1710 Mechanical Tensile Modulus ASTM D 3039 / ISO 527-5 GPa 42 -- -- 54 56 Mechanical Flexural Strength ASTM D 790 MPa 1173 -- -- 1428 1690 Mechanical Flexural Modulus ASTM D 790 GPa 41 -- -- 53 55 Mechanical Compressive strength ASTM D 3410 MPa 600 -- -- 887 1140 Mechanical Compressive modulus ASTM D 3410 GPa 41 -- -- 53 55

Thermal Coefficient of BS 1902-5.3:1990 10-7 /°C 54 39 35 47 29 Thermal Thermal Conductivity, k ASTM C177 W/m/°K 1.15 ------1.25 Thermal Softening Point Temp ASTM C338 °C 846 740 940 948 1056 Thermal Annealing Point Temp ASTM C336 °C 657 -- 715 748 816 Thermal Strain Point Temp ASTM C336 °C 616 -- 655 693 766 Thermal Flame Resistance ASTM D2863 Oxygen Index 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%

Electrical Volume Resistivity, ρv , 500 V, 22oC ASTM D257 x1015 Ohms-cm 3.00 6.76 0.48 -- 9.15

Electrical Surface Resistivity, ρs , 500 V, 22oC ASTM D257 x1015 Ohms 2.54 1.48 5.33 -- 1.02 Electrical Dielectric Breakdown , 500 V/s ASTM D149 kV/mm 9.70 12.20 11.20 -- 11.80 Electrical Dielectric Constant, ɛ' , 1 MHz ASTM D150 -- 6.60 4.70 5.50 -- 5.30 Electrical Dielectric Constant, ɛ' , 10 GHz Resonant Cavity -- 6.10 4.86 5.34 -- 5.20 Electrical Dielectric Loss, tan δ, 1 MHz ASTM D150 -- 0.003 <0.001 0.0050 -- 0.002 Electrical Dielectric Loss, tan δ, 10 GHz Resonant Cavity -- 0.004 0.0029 0.0075 -- 0.007

* Refer to OC, AGY Technology Transfer Document

26 27 Glossary of Terms

In the glass fiber , as with many other industries, BRAID/BRAIDER there is widely used and commonly understood terminology. This A narrow tubular or flat fabric produced by intertwining a single set section defines words or terms used in this publication and within of yarns in a pattern. the industry. BUSHING ABRASION A precious metal plate with holes through which molten glass is Wearing away by friction. Glass is highly resistant to abrasion by extruded into filaments. other materials, but can be damaged through contact with itself. A lubricant is used during processing and fabrication to prevent CABLED YARN abrasion. Yarn that is plied more than once; yarn made by plying two or more previously plied yarns. BARE GLASS The glass as it flows from the bushing in fiber form, before binder or CARDING sizing is applied. The process of untangling and partially straightening fibers by pass- ing them between two closely spaced surfaces which are moving BATCH OVEN at different speeds, and at least one of which is covered with sharp Large temperature-controlled oven, used to heat-clean rolls of glass points, thus converting a tangled mass of fibers to a filmy web. fiber fabric. CHEMICAL SIZE BEAM A surface finish applied to the fiber that contains some chemical A spool on which a number of parallel ends of single or plied yarns constituents other than water. are wound, for use in weaving or similar processing operations. CHOPPED STRANDS BEAMED YARNS Strands that are chopped to various lengths. Beamed yarns are pulled in a continuous, parallel manner around a beam. COATED YARNS Yarns that are run through a coating bath and then dried in an oven. BEAMING Operation in which many ends of yarn from a creel are combined on COLLET a section beam. A spool on which the gathered strands from the bushing are wound for further processing. BINDER A material applied in liquid form to fibers, yarn or fabric, to retain CONTINUOUS FILAMENT structural integrity during further processing. (Also known as sizing.) A yarn made of filaments that extend substantially throughout the length of the yarn. BOBBIN The spool onto which yarns are wound. (Also known as package.) CORONIZING Continuous heat cleaning and weave setting.

28 29 Glossary of Terms (continued)

CREEL E-GLASS That part of a twisting, winding or warping machine that holds pack- A family of calcia-alumina-silicate which has a certified ages of strands for further fabrication. chemical composition and which is used for general purposes and most electrical applications. (ASTM D578-90) CREELING The method used to supply many parallel ends of yarn, uniformly END spaced. The creel is a support for yarn packages and tension A single fiber, strand, roving or yarn being incorporated into a devices. Creeling is performed for such operations as section product. beaming and warping, and where uni-directional reinforcement is required; for example, in supplying yarns to masters and other FIBER/FILAMENT yarn-laying equipment for reinforcing paper tapes. An individual rod of glass, of sufficiently small diameter to be There are two types of creels. One is a simple pin creel, in which flexible, and of limited length. the yarn is pulled off as the package is rotated. The weight of the yarn package is usually sufficient for uniform delivery tension. The FILAMENT YARN other type of creel – referred to as the “pirn” or cone-type – pulls A yarn composed of continuous filaments assembled with or without over the end of the stationary package, using transfer tails. twist. Tension devices are used to maintain uniform delivery of the yarn. Polished or chrome-plated surfaces minimize filament fracture and FILL build-up of fuzz and dirt. The system of yarns running crosswise in a (short for filling). (Also known as weft.) DENIER A direct numbering system for expressing linear density, equal to FINISH the mass in grams per 9,000 meters of yarn, filament, fiber or other Coupling agent applied to fabric to improve compatibility with resins textile strand. or to improve high-temperature lubricity.

DENSITY, FIBER FLY Mass per unit volume of the matter of which a fiber is com- Fibers which fly out into the atmosphere during carding, , posed, measured under specified conditions. or other textile processes.

DIRECT-SIZED YARN FUZZ Specially formulated sizings on textile yarns that allow them to be Untangled or broken fiber ends that protrude from the surface of a resin compatible. yarn or fabric.

DISPERSION GLASS BLENDS The process of suspending individual fibers (filaments) in an When several different fiber types, i.e. different lengths and diame- aqueous medium. ters, are blended in the fiber slurry.

HEAT CLEANING Batch and continuous processes in which organic yarn binder is removed from glass fabrics. 30 31 Glossary of Terms (continued)

KNITTED FABRIC A structure produced by inter-looping one or more ends of yarn or POLYESTER COMBINATION YARN comparable materials. A polyester/fiber glass hybrid yarn.

L-GLASS® YARNS ROVING A proprietary glass formulation designed for high speed, low loss A multiplicity of filaments or yarns gathered together into an approxi- printed circuit board applications. mately parallel arrangement without twist.

LOOM RPPU A mechanical device that interlaces fibers at right angles with vary- Reusable plastic packaging unit. ing degrees of weave construction (weight, thickness and design). More modern looms are air jet, but more traditional shuttle and S-GLASS rapier equipment is still in use. A family of magnesium-alumina-silicate glasses with a certified chemical composition which conforms to an applicable material LOOM BEAM specification and which produces high mechanical strength. (ASTM A large, flanged cylinder onto which all warp yarns are wound and D578-90) from which yarns enter the looms. S-GLASS® FIBER NON-WOVEN FABRIC The AGY trademarked brand of high tensile strength “S” glass A textile structure produced by the bonding or interlocking of fibers, fibers. or both, accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal or solvent means and combinations thereof. S-3 HDI® YARNS Proprietary glass formulation designed to meet the demanding OVERSPRAY technical requirements of the high density interconnects (HDI) used A specially formulated binder applied to texturized yarn that helps in printed circuit boards, and in particular the integrated circuit (IC) retain the bulk of the yarn after texturizing. package substrates.

PACKAGE SCRIM A bobbin or spool onto which yarns or rovings are wound. A light, woven or non-woven fabric with relatively large openings between the yarns, used as reinforcement for paper and other PLIED YARN products. A yarn formed by twisting together two or more single yarns in one operation. (Also known as folded yarn or formed yarn.) SECTION BEAM A flanged cylinder onto which yarn is drawn and accumulated from PLY yarn bobbins or packages. 1. The number of single yarns twisted together to form a plied yarn. 2.The number of plied yarns twisted together to form a cord or SERVING cable. 3.The individual yarn in a plied yarn, cord or cable. 4. One of Wrapping of yarn around a product in one or more layers to form a several layers of fabric. protective covering.

32 33 Glossary of Terms (continued)

SEWING THREAD TEXTURIZED YARNS A flexible, small diameter yarn or strand, usually treated with a Texturized yarns are run through an air jet to achieve various surface coating, lubricant or both, intended to be used to one degrees of fiber bulk and loft. or more pieces of material or an object to a material. TURN SINGLE YARN One 360° revolution of the components around the axis of the The simplest strand of textile material suitable for operations such strand. as weaving, , etc. TWIST AND PLY FRAMES SIZE/SIZING Machines used to twist and ply glass yarns. A generic term for compounds which, when applied to yarn or fabric, form a more or less continuous solid film around the yarn and VETRON™ ROVING individual fibers. (Also known as binder.) AGY’s single end high strength glass roving designed specifically for compatibility with vinyl ester and polyester resin systems. SLASHING The method of applying sizing to a width of warp yarns on a contin- WARP uous basis. 1. The yarn running lengthwise in a woven fabric. 2. A group of yarns in long lengths and approximately parallel, put on beams or SLIVER warp reels for further textile processing including weaving, knitting, Overlapping and parallel staple fibers that have been gathered into twisting, , etc. a loose, continuous bundle. WARP SIZE SPLICE Chemicals applied to the warp yarn to improve strand integrity, The joining of two ends of yarn by intertwining, knotting, overlapping strength and smoothness to withstand the rigors of weaving. or adhering them together. WEFT STRAND The system of yarns running crosswise in a fabric. (Also known as fill.) 1. A single fiber, filament or monofilament. 2. An ordered assem- blage of textile fibers having a high ratio of length to diameter and WINDING normally used as a unit including slivers, rovings, single yarns, plied The process of transferring yarn from one type of package to yarns, cords, braids, , etc. another yarn package.

TENSION DEVICE YARN A mechanical or magnetic device that controls tension. A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving or otherwise TEX intertwining to form a textile fabric. A unit of expressing linear density, equal to the mass in grams of 1,000 meters of yarn, filament, fiber or other textile strand. ZENTRON® ROVING AGY’s single-end rovings made from S-2 Glass® fibers. 34 35 www.agy.com

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AGY – Europe Le Gemellyon Nord 57 Boulevard Marius Vivier Merle 69429 Lyon Cedex 03 France Phone: +(33) 4 7278 1775 Fax: +(33) 4 7278 1780 Email: [email protected]

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DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY This data is offered solely as a guide in the selection of a reinforcement. The information contained in this publication is based on actual laboratory data and field test experience. We believe this information to be reliable, but do not guarantee its applicability to the user’s process or assume any liability arising out of its use or performance. The user, by accepting the products described herin, agrees to be responsible for thoroughly testing any application to determine its suitability before committing to production. It is important for the user to determine the properties of it own commercial compounds when using this or any other reinforcement.

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