Gossypium Barbadense L.,) UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
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Man-Made Staple Fibres
Chapter 55 Man-made staple fibres Note. 1.- Headings 55.01 and 55.02 apply only to man-made filament tow, consisting of parallel filaments of a uniform length equal to the length of the tow, meeting the following specifications : (a) Length of tow exceeding 2 m; (b) Twist less than 5 turns per metre; (c) Measuring per filament less than 67 decitex; (d) Synthetic filament tow only : the tow must be drawn, that is to say, be incapable of being stretched by more than 100 % of its length; (e) Total measurement of tow more than 20,000 decitex. Tow of a length not exceeding 2 m is to be classified in heading 55.03 or 55.04. _________________ Heading H.S. Code 55.01 Synthetic filament tow. 5501.10 - Of nylon or other polyamides 5501.20 - Of polyesters 5501.30 - Acrylic or modacrylic 5501.40 - Of polypropylene 5501.90 - Other 55.02 Artificial filament tow. 5502.10 - Of cellulose acetate 5502.90 - Other 55.03 Synthetic staple fibres, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning. - Of nylon or other polyamides : 5503.11 -- Of aramids 5503.19 -- Other 5503.20 - Of polyesters 5503.30 - Acrylic or modacrylic 5503.40 - Of polypropylene 5503.90 - Other 55.04 Artificial staple fibres, not carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning. 5504.10 - Of viscose rayon 5504.90 - Other 55.05 Waste (including noils, yarn waste and garnetted stock) of man- made fibres. 5505.10 - Of synthetic fibres 5505.20 - Of artificial fibres Heading H.S. Code 55.06 Synthetic staple fibres, carded, combed or otherwise processed for spinning. -
Sheep, Fleece, Wool, Staple Length, Fiber Diameter
International Journal of Textile Science 2015, 4(5): 97-101 DOI: 10.5923/j.textile.20150405.01 Variation in Fleece Characteristics of Tunisian Sheep T. Harizi1,*, F. Abidi1, R. Hamdaoui2, Y. Ben Ameur2 1Textile Engineering Laboratory, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia 2Technical Center of Creation, Innovation, and Supervision in Carpet and Weaving, Tunis, Tunisia Abstract This experiment was aimed to identify wool quality of Tunisian sheep breeds. Fiber characteristics of different ages and various sheep breeds were studied. A total of 84 sheep were used in this study. Results show that the factor 'breed' had a highly significant effect on all controlled parameters accept scoured yield and fibre length. Breed was the most important factor. By conducting well-planned sorting, “Fine Queue of west” sheep breed can supply the wool needed for textile industries. The wool of other sheep breeds can be used in handmade carpets. Keywords Sheep, Fleece, Wool, Staple length, Fiber diameter special criteria. These include fibre diameter, fibre length, 1. Introduction luster (’shinyness’), crimp (’wavyness’) and percentage yield of clean fibre from raw fibre, following scouring Sheep farming in Tunisia occupies an important place in (washing) to remove vegetable and mineral contaminants the economic and social level, on the one hand, it can cover and wool grease. In the literature, several researches report 41% of the consumption of red meats [1] and secondly, it the effect of age, breed, sex… on fleece characteristics. contributes at 35-40% of agricultural GDP and 4 to 5% of In order to optimum use of Tunisian sheep wool, it is global GDP [2]. -
Technical Product Guide
strength in materials Technical Product Guide www.agy.com Table of Contents Corporate Overview AGY provides the best quality, highest performance, and broadest range of glass fiber yarns, rovings and chop products to Corporate Overview .............................1 a wide variety of markets and end uses. Although founded as an independent entity Glass Fiber Manufacturing ...................2 in 1998, AGY has a 50+ year history of serving the composites industry. Nomenclature ......................................3 Globally, AGY has over 600 employees Conversion Tables ...............................6 involved in production, sales, distribution and development of our products. Our AGY Glass Yarns .................................8 world headquarters, technology center and manufacturing facility are located in Aiken, AGY Glass Rovings ...........................14 SC U.S.A. AGY Chopped Glass ..........................16 We also have commercial and administrative offices in Lyon, France, and AGY Packaging Specificaions ............18 a commercial office in Shanghai, China. AGY Sizing Systems ..........................20 Typical Fiber Properties .....................26 Glossary of Terms ..............................28 strength in materials 1 Glass Fiber Manufacturing Glass Fiber Nomenclature AGY glass fibers are made from molten glass. The viscous liquid is General drawn through tiny holes at the base of the furnace to form hair-like Glass fiber yarns are typically identified by either an inch-pound based system (U.S. customary system) or a TEX/metric system (based on the SI*/metric system). filaments. A protective sizing, applied as the filament cools and This section gives a brief description of glass fiber yarn nomenclature, including hardens, helps prevent abrasion during additional processing and comparisons of the two systems (see table on page 4). A more comprehensive makes the glass compatible with various resin systems. -
Genetic Variability Studies in Gossypium Barbadense L
Electronic Journal of Plant Breeding, 1(4): 961-965 (July 2010) Research Article Genetic variability studies in Gossypium barbadense L. genotypes for seed cotton yield and its yield components K. P. M. Dhamayanathi , S. Manickam and K. Rathinavel Abstract A study was carried out during kharif 2006-07 with twenty five Gossypium barbadense L genotypes to obtain information on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed cotton yield and its yield attributes. Significant differences were observed for characters among genotypes. High genetic differences were recorded for nodes/plant, sympodia, bolls as well as fruiting points per plant, seed cotton yield, lint index indicating ample scope for genetic improvement of these characters through selection. Results also revealed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for yield and most of the yield components as well as fibre quality traits. Sympodia/plant, fruiting point /plant, number of nodes/plant, number of bolls per plant, and lint index were positively correlated with seed cotton yield per plant and appeared to be interrelated with each other. It is suggested that these characters could be considered as selection criteria in improving the seed cotton yield of G. barbadense , L genotypes. Key words : Gossypium barbadense , genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, lint index, selection criteria Introduction Seed cotton yield is a complex trait governed by Cotton is the most widely used vegetable fibre and several yield contributing characters such as plant also the most important raw material for the textile height, number of monopodia, number of industry, grown in tropical and subtropical regions sympodia, number of bolls, number of fruiting in more than 80 countries all over the world. -
Long Staple Processing and Textile Testing
Volume 3, Issue 3, Fall 2003 Long Staple Processing and Textile Testing Dean R. Cobb Institute of Textile Technology ABSTRACT Several vendors in the long staple processing area and the textile testing unveiled some improvements to their existing offerings. The long staple improvements came in the form of better design, more productivity, more electronic controls, less maintenance requirements, versatility, and cross compatibility with automation of all types. Improvements from some testing vendors mainly concentrated on yielding more information from the same tests; like the sticky cotton measurement from Lintronics and Weavability from Uster. Keywords: Long staple processing, short staple textile testing, Introduction • Modular frame assemblies with no cross-rails. This ITMA 2003 review will • Statically and dynamically balanced concentrate on long staple cardroom cylinders, doffers, and top rollers for processes, textile testing equipment, and a more precise setting. miscellaneous section. As a general rule, • Quick release mechanisms for easier there were no “new” technologies exhibited maintenance. in most areas; however, there were design • Air control collars to reduce fly and trends in equipment and new players improve fiber yield. entering some technology fields. Machinery • Modular design of feedroller and taker- related trends included ease of maintenance, in arrangements allowing more use of servomotors, increased productivity, versatility. and improved quality. • Metal detection systems on board (some models). Long Staple Cardroom Processes • “Underspeed” sensors to prevent chokes at the taker-in. Tatham • All drives with toothed belts for positive transmissions to carding components. Tatham introduced the “Magnum” • Tatham introduced an auto doffing woolen cards, which are produced in 2.5, mechanism for tape condensers that has 3.0, and 4.0 meters in width. -
Determination of Optimum Twist Equation for the Long Staple Combed Cotton Ring-Spun Yarn
fibers Article Determination of Optimum Twist Equation for the Long Staple Combed Cotton Ring-Spun Yarn Dunja Šajn Gorjanc 1,* and Neža Sukiˇc 2 1 Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Snežniška, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Predilnica Litija, Kidriˇceva,SI-1270 Litija, Slovenia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +386-1-2003220 Received: 5 August 2020; Accepted: 17 September 2020; Published: 21 September 2020 Abstract: The aim of this research was to determine the optimum twist equation for ring-spun yarns. The yarn twist can be calculated by different equations. With the research, we tried to find the appropriate equation to determine the yarn twist, which is determined by the values of yarn strength and hairiness. In the research, yarns from long staple combed cotton rovings and of different fineness (10 tex, 11.8 tex, 20 tex and 29.4 tex) were analyzed. The yarn twist was calculated using the equations of Koechlin and Laetsch. The analyzed yarns were produced in the spinning mill on the laboratory ring spinning machine Spinntester. In the second part of the investigation, yarn strength and hairiness were analyzed as a function of yarn twist. The results showed that Laetsch’s equation is suitable for determining the twist for yarns with a fineness of 10 tex, 11.8 tex, 20 tex and 29.4 tex, since, in this case, the calculated number of yarn threads is higher and thus the strength and elongation at break are also higher. -
World Long Staple Market
August 2019 World Long Staple Market World long staple market: an uncertain outlook Antonia Prescott, Deputy Editor, Cotton Outlook The story of prices for both upland and long staple varieties in 2018/19 was one of progressive attrition. The Cotlook Pima quotation by now protracted trade dispute between the US, the 165 world’s largest exporter of cotton, and China, the largest consumer, has come to press more and more heavily on the 160 global market as hopes of a resolution that would see tariffs 155 on goods moving in both directions removed have been 150 repeatedly dashed. 145 140 Over the course of the 2018/19 season, upland prices lb per cents US as measured by the Cotlook A Index declined by about 25 135 percent, while the benchmark quotation for Pima (Grade 130 2, 1-7/16”, CFR Far East) displayed only a marginally greater level of resilience, relinquishing about 17 percent of its value in the same time frame. The Chinese Type 137 quotation fared somewhat better with only a 4.4 percent loss, but that still indicates a fall of 1,100 yuan per tonne Moreover, by historical comparison, long staple prices since the beginning of August 2018. appeared relatively cheap in relation to upland values. The average of the Cotlook Long Staple Premium (calculated by comparing our Pima quotation with the A Index) was just Cotlook Long Staple Premium T-137 price 2018/19 season 26,000 85 25,500 80 75 25,000 70 % 65 24,500 60 55 perYuan tonne 24,000 50 45 23,500 Page 3 over 69.7 percent, while the long-term mean stands at 91 August 31) and currently stand just shy of 88,000 tonnes, percent. -
CORESPUN VERSUS SPUN POLY Threads
TECHNICAL BULLETIN CORESPUN VERSUS SPUN POLY Threads What are the major differences between A&E’s corespun brands like Perma Core® and D-Core® and Spun Polyester know in Asia as “pp” threads? What impact does using one versus the other have on the quality of your sewn products? CORESPUN Corespun threads, sometimes referred “pcore” or “polycore” or “cottoncore”, are made by wrapping a staple polyester or cotton wrapper around a continuous filament bundle of polyester fibers during spinning, and then plying these yarns into a sewing thread. The continuous filament polyester core makes up approximately 60% of the thread construction. This core contributes to: • Higher strength per size (higher tenacity) • Greater uniformity in size, strength and other physical characteristics • A higher initial modulus or resistance to stretching contributing to better loop formation and reduced seam puckering. • Better ply security – fewer unravel type thread breaks • Superior abrasion resistance & durability The wrapper of a corespun thread can be either staple polyester or staple cotton. The wrapper gives the thread a fibrous surface that contributes to: • A softer “hand” or feel than a 100% continuous filament threads • A matte finish stitch appearance similar to a spun thread construction • Superior frictional characteristics compared to a continuous filament threads • Poly wrapper contributing to: o Superior color fastness, chemical and abrasion resistance o Higher strength than cotton wrapped corespun threads o Superior “union dyeing” because of one-step dyeing process • Cotton wrapper contributing to: o Superior needle heat resistance o A “wash-down” stitch appearance TECHNICAL BULLETIN Core threads are recommended for the most demanding sewing applications from sewing fine blouses that are susceptible to seam puckering .. -
Hts Chapter 55 Man-Made Staple Fibers
Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (2010) Annotated for Statistical Reporting Purposes CHAPTER 55 MAN-MADE STAPLE FIBERS 1/ XI 55-1 Note 1. Headings 5501 and 5502 apply only to man-made filament tow, consisting of parallel filaments of a uniform length equal to the length of the tow, meeting the following specifications: (a) Length of tow exceeding 2 m; (b) Twist less than 5 turns per meter; (c) Measuring per filament less than 67 decitex; (d) Synthetic filament tow only: the tow must be drawn, that is to say, be incapable of being stretched by more than 100 percent of its length; and (e) Total measurement of tow more than 20,000 decitex. Tow of a length not exceeding 2 m is to be classified in heading 5503 or 5504. Additional U.S. Note 1. For the purposes of the woven fabrics of chapter 55, unless the context otherwise requires, provisions relating to one or more weaves embrace only those fabrics which (excluding selvage) are wholly of the specified weave or weaves, including combinations exclusively thereof. Statistical Note 1. For the purposes of the woven fabrics of chapter 55: (a) The term "poplin or broadcloth" means plain weave fabrics, not of square construction, whether or not napped, but does not include the following types: (i) Fabrics weighing not more than 170 grams per square meter, containing 33 or less warp ends and filling picks per square centimeter; and (ii) Fabrics weighing more than 170 grams per square meter, of average yarn number 26 or lower number. (b) The term "sheeting" means plain weave fabrics, -
Short Staple Yarn Manufacturing 5-5 I
.. Characteristics Of Spun Yarns Composed of short staple fibers Made from cotton, flax or wool staple fibers Made from natural or man-made filaments which are cut into filament staple Individual fiber lengths vary Fuzzy appearance and feel 0' Uneven number of fibers throughout Range from soft, loose construction to hard fine twist yarn Thick and thin areas '* Highly twisted ~ Fall apart when untwisted I Dull or flat in appearance Rough to the touch Natural textural appearance and feel Bulkier to the feel -- 0 Provide good covering power Snagging depends on fabric structure *L Pilling depends on fiber content 5-2 Short Staple Yam Manufactulng I Material Processing On The Short Staple System 1. Carded Ring Spun Yarns 2. Open End Rotor Yarns short Staple Yam Manufacturing 5-3 I 3. Air Jet Spun Yams 4. Combed Cotton Ring Spun Yarns LrlOpening I Drawing I Sliver Lapping I Combing I Drawing (2) I Roving I Spinning 1 Winding _- 5-4 Short Staple Yam ManufacMng Functions Of The Opening Process Clean (natural fibers) 0 Blend short Staple Yarn Manufacturing 5-5 I Creating The Proper Bale Laydown Coordination with Fiber Pronerties More variables in raw stock means more bales needed to laydown Must decide which variables have the greatest influence in yarn manufacturing. Laydown should be a "mini" representation of the warehouse inventory. Laydown should be as consistent as possible from day-to-day, week-to-week, and month-to-month. -- 5-6 Short Staple Yam Manufactulng Blending BZending is a Drocess involving Measurement of the important fiber properties of length, fineness, strength, grade, color, etc. -
Tensile Behavior of Staple Spun Yarn
1 TENSILE BEHAVIOR OF STAPLE SPUN YARN Muhammad Zubair, M.Sc. SUMMARY OF THE THESIS Title of the thesis: Tensile behavior of staple spun yarn Author: Muhammad Zubair, M.Sc. Field of study: Textile Technic and Material Engineering Mode of study: Full time Department: Department of Technologies and Structures Supervisor: prof. Ing. Bohuslav Neckář, DrSc. Committee for the defense of the dissertation Chairman: prof. RNDr. David Lukáš, CSc. FT TUL, Department of Nonwovens and Nanofibrous Materials Vice-chairman: doc. Ing. Maroš Tunák, Ph.D. FT TUL, Department of Textile Evaluation prof. Ing. Michal Šejnoha, Ph.D., DSc. Czech Technical University in Prague Fac. of Civil Engineering, Dpt. of Mechanicsprof. Ing. Miroslav Václavík, CSc. VÚTS, a. s., Liberec doc. Ing. Martin Bílek, Ph.D. FS TUL, Department of Textile Machine Design doc. Ing. Lukáš Čapek, Ph.D. FT TUL, Department of Technologies and Structures doc. Dr. Ing. Dana Křemenáková FT TUL, Department of Material Engineering doc. Ing. Jiří Sloupenský, CSc. (opponent) Rieter CZ s.r.o. Ing. Eva Moučková, Ph.D. FT TUL, Department of Technologies and Structures The second opponent is S. M. Ishtiaque, Ph.D., B.Tech. from IIT Delhi, Indie (he is not a member of the committee). 2 Abstract The current study starts with a description of stress-strain curves of fiber and yarn. The effect of yarn structure can be characterized by coefficient of fiber stress utilization in yarn. The four types of models, for coefficient of fiber stress utilization in yarn, are being compared and explained based on idea of helical fibers in the yarn. -
Glass Fibers
© 2001 ASM International. All Rights Reserved. www.asminternational.org ASM Handbook, Vol. 21: Composites (#06781G) Glass Fibers Frederick T. Wallenberger, James C. Watson, and Hong Li, PPG Industries, Inc. GLASS FIBERS are among the most versatile highlighted wherever appropriate but not dis- sion of compositions, melt properties, fiber prop- industrial materials known today. They are read- cussed in full. Additional details about fiber erties (Ref 12), methods of manufacture, and sig- ily produced from raw materials, which are forming are provided in the section “Glass Melt- nificant product types. An in-depth discussion of available in virtually unlimited supply (Ref 1). ing and Fiber Forming” in this article. composite applications can be found in other ar- All glass fibers described in this article are de- Sizes and Binders. Glass filaments are highly ticles in this Volume. rived from compositions containing silica. They abrasive to each other (Ref 4). “Size” coatings Glass fibers and fabrics are used in ever in- exhibit useful bulk properties such as hardness, or binders are therefore applied before the strand creasing varieties for a wide range of applica- transparency, resistance to chemical attack, sta- is gathered to minimize degradation of filament tions (Ref 13). A data book is available (Ref 14) bility, and inertness, as well as desirable fiber strength that would otherwise be caused by fil- that covers all commercially available E-glass fi- properties such as strength, flexibility, and stiff- ament-to-filament abrasion. Binders provide lu- bers, whether employed for reinforcement, filtra- ness (Ref 2). Glass fibers are used in the manu- brication, protection, and/or coupling.