Opportunities and Challenges in Encountering the Global Situation
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
SYNERGY for Sustainability
Sustainability Report SYNERGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) Kantor Pusat | Head Office Jalan Taman Anggrek, Kemanggisan Jaya, Jakarta 11480, Indonesia Phone (hunting): +62 21 536 54900 Facsimile: +62 21 80647955 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.pupuk-indonesia.com Layanan Informasi | For further information 0800-1-008001 (Toll Free) Sustainability Report SYNERGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY Sustainability Report Sustainability Report SYNERGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) www.pupuk-indonesia.com SYNERGY FOR SUSTAINABILITY ustainable development is the The implementation of Sustainability biggest challenge to human Principles requires a synergy in the beings today. Would we be business chain of the Company and able to meet the current needs the stakeholders. We optimize the withoutS diminishing the next generation’s resources, create productive cooperation capability to do the same for their needs? with the communities and partner with This is a fundamental question to us in the government, as well as involving growing the company based on three the stakeholders for the purpose of aspects in Sustainability Principles Profit, sustainability. People, Planet. PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) Sustainability Report 1 ABOUT THE REPORT PUPUK INDONESIA LAPORAN DEVELOPING DEVELOPING DEVELOPING DEVELOPING ATTAINING A DEVELOPING DEVELOPING PROFILE KEPADA PEMANGKU SUSTAINABLE STAKEHOLDERS’ COMPETENT HUMAN COMMUNITY HEALTHY WORK EXCELLENT TOP -NOTCH KEPENTINGAN GOVERNANCE ECONOMIES RESOURCES OF WELFARE ATMOSPHERE -
The Mineral Industry of Indonesia in 2008
2008 Minerals Yearbook INDONESIA U.S. Department of the Interior August 2010 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUS T RY OF INDONESIA By Chin S. Kuo The Government of Indonesia expected the economy to grow Production by 6.1% in 2008, fueled by the global boom in commodity prices and the strong domestic construction sector. Indonesia is Indonesia produced such major mineral commodities as rich in mineral resources, including coal, copper, gold, nickel, bauxite, cement, coal, copper, natural gas, nickel, petroleum, and tin. Other mineral commodities that the country has in and tin in 2008. Production of mined gold and copper decreased significant quantity are bauxite, oil and gas, and silver. The by 45% and 17.8%, respectively, owing to the lower grade ore country’s industrial production came from the cement, metal mined at Grasberg. As a result, the output of refined copper also mining, and oil and gas industries. Indonesia was among the declined. Production of steel and pig iron also decreased by leading five producers of copper and nickel in the world and its 10% and 9.1%, respectively, because of low capacity utilization tin output was ranked second after China. It was also ranked by PT Krakatau Steel. The decrease in the output of mined among the world’s top 10 countries in the production of gold nickel led to decreased production of ferronickel and nickel and natural gas. Indonesia was also one of the leading exporters matte. The output of mined tin and tin metal also decreased by of liquefied natural gas (LNG) (after Qatar) but was a net 19.5% and 16.6%, respectively, owing to the low commodity importer of oil. -
Bab I Dinamika Politik Etnis Dan Politik Uang Dalam Pilkada A
1 BAB I DINAMIKA POLITIK ETNIS DAN POLITIK UANG DALAM PILKADA A. Latar Belakang Masalah Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) secara langsung berdampak pada bangkitnya semangat kedaerahan atau instrumentasi etnis oleh elite politik. Mobilisasi etnis oleh elite politik bertujuan menggerakkan masyarakat untuk memilih elite yang mencalonkan diri dalam Pilkada. Hal ini dapat ditengarai dengan adanya isu-isu putra daerah asli dan pendatang dalam kampanye Pilkada. Isu putra daerah asli yang ditampilkan dalam kampanye, sesungguhnya menyerang calon lain yang bukan putra daerah. Instrumentasi etnis dalam Pilkada bisa memicu konflik horisontal antar pendukung calon. Sehubungan dengan maraknya instrumentasi etnis dalam Pilkada, bermula dari pengekangan oleh rejim Orde Baru selama tiga puluh dua tahun. Oleh karena dikekang selama tiga puluh dua tahun, maka ketika kekang tersebut terbuka lebar, maka instrumentasi etnis menjadi ancaman perpecahan dalam masyarakat. Studi terdahulu membuktikan bahwa instrumentasi etnis tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh elite politik untuk pemenangan dalam Pilkada. Dari hasil penelitian penulis terhadap tesis dan disertasi tentang politik etnis, penulis menemukan beberapa kajian yang menarik. Penelitian tentang instrumentasi etnis dalam pemenangan Pilkada dilakukan oleh Umasugi (2009), Ramadlan (2008) dan 2 Syarkawi (2007). Umasugi menemukan bahwa pemenangan Pilkada di Kabupaten Buru disebabkan kandidat menginstrumentasi etnis – hal ini diidentifikasi dengan pemilihan wakil Bupati yang menunjuk kandidat dengan marga yang berpengaruh besar di Kabupaten Buru. Kandidat menginstrumentasi etnisitas dalam rangka membangkitkan ikatan primordialisme dan kekerabatan dalam masyarakat untuk mendukungnya. Dampak dari kemenangan kandidat dalam Pilkada ialah hanya etnis tertentu yang menempati posisi strategis dalam pemerintahan1. Sebaliknya Ramadlan mengkaji instrumentasi etnis Dayak dari sisi yang berbeda dengan Umasugi. Temuan Ramadlan menunjukkan bahwa kemenangan kandidat dalam Pilkada ditopang oleh strategi jejaring etnisitas adat. -
The World Bank
Documtertof The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 7851 PROJECT COMPLETIONREPORT Public Disclosure Authorized INDONESIA NATIONAL FERTILIZERDISTRIBUTION PROJECT (LOAN 2120-IND) JUNE 19, 1989 Public Disclosure Authorized Industry and Energy OperationsDivision Public Disclosure Authorized Asia Regional Office Thisdocument has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of theirofficial duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. COUNTRYEXCHANGE RATES Name of Currency (abbreviation) Rupiah (Rp) Appraisal Year Average 1982 US$1 - Rp 625 Intervaning Years' Average 1983-85 US$1 - Rp 862 Completion Year 1986 US$1 - Rp 1,650 Average 1982-86 US$1 - Rp 1,138 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Fertilizer Companies AAF - PT ASEAN Aceh Fertilizers, Lhokseumawe, Aceh GRESIK - PT Petrokimia Gresik, Gresik, East Java KALTIM - PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur, Bontang, East Kalimantan PIM - PT Pupuk Iskanda Muda, Lhokseumawe, Aceh PUSRI - PT Pupuk Sriwidjaja, Palembang, South Sumatra Pusri Nomenclature Line I - Point of production or import Line II - In or near port areas Line III - District level (usually storage) Line IV - Retail or village level Fertilizer TSP - Triple superphosphate DAP - Di-ammonium phosphate AS - Ammonium sulphate MOP - Muriate ^f Potash, Potassium Chloride; Potash SOP - Sulphate of Potash, Potassium Sulphate; Potash Others DGSC - Directorate General of Sea Communications dwt - Deadweight of ship, in long tons FMDSS - Fertilizer Marketing and Distribution Strategy Study GOI - Government of Indonesia ISD - Inland Storage Depot (Line III) KUD - Koperasi Unit Desa. (Village Cooperative) mt - million tons MSDP - Maritime Sector Development Plan PJKA - Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api. (State Railway Organization) PUSKUD - Head Office for a group of KUDs RLS - Regular Lin;r Services; the Inter-island general cargo shipping system. -
ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA, KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN (Studi Kasus Pada PT
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Diponegoro University Institutional Repository ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA, KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN (Studi Kasus pada PT. PUPUK KALIMANTAN TIMUR, Sales Representative Kabupaten Grobogan) TESIS . Diajukan untuk memenuhi syarat guna memperoleh derajad S-2 Magister Manajemen Program Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Diponegoro Oleh : Joko Sugihartono NIM. C4A006302 PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER MANAJEMEN PROGRAM PASCA SARJANA UNIVERSITAS DIPONEGORO SEMARANG 2009 HALAMAN MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN MOTTO: Kerjakan yang engkau tahu, nanti Allah SWT memberitahu yang tidak tahu. (Hadits) PERSEMBAHAN: Tulisan ini dipersembahkan untuk Ibunda tercinta Hj. Sumastuti, isteriku terkasih Sri Djumiani, Apt., Msi., saudaraku dan keponakanku. iv PENGESAHAN TESIS Yang bertandatangan dibawah ini menyatakan bahwa tesis berjudul: ANALISIS PENGARUH CITRA, KUALITAS LAYANAN DAN KEPUASAN TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN (Studi Kasus pada PT. PUPUK KALIMANTAN TIMUR, Sales Representative Kabupaten Grobogan) Yang disusun oleh Joko Sugihartono, NIM. C4A006302 Telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji pada tanggal 13 Juni 2009, dan dinyatakan telah memenuhi syarat untuk diterima. Pembimbing Utama Pembimbing Anggota Dr. Syuhada Sofyan, MSIE. Drs. Harry Susanto, MMR Semarang, 13 Juni 2009 Univesitas Diponegoro Semarang Program Pasca Sarjana Program Studi Magister Managemen Ketua Program _______________________________ KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur Alhamdulillah disampaikan kehadirat Allah SWT atas limpahan rahmad hidayah yang diberikan kepada kita semua. Amin. Karena atas karunia Allah SWT, penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan penelitian ini. Penyusunan tesis ini dimaksudkan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan guna memperoleh derajad sarjana S-2 Magister Manajemen pada Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang. Penulis menyadari bahwa baik dalam pengungkapan, penyajian dan pemilihan kata-kata maupun pembahasan materi tesis ini masih jauh dari sempurna. -
The World Bank
Documentof The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY /S 32Z?2- /0 Public Disclosure Authorized Reort No. 8333-IND STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT INDONESIA Public Disclosure Authorized FERTILIZER RESTRUCTURINGPROJECT NOVEMBER26, 1990 Public Disclosure Authorized Industry aid Energy OperationsDivision Country DepartmentV Public Disclosure Authorized Asia Region lfhis domnent has a resrcted disribution and may be used by recipients only in theperfomanoe of their offlial duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disdosed whout World Bak aulhoulzioid CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of June 1, 1990) Currency Unit = Indonesian Rupiah (Rp) US$1.00 = Rp 1,830 Rp 1 billioni = US$0.546 iilllion WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 British Thermal Unit (Btu) = 0.252 Kilocalories (Kcal) 1 Metric ton (t) = 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 Metric ton (t) = 2,209 pounds (lb) 3 1 Cubic meter (m ) = 35.32 Cubic Feet (cuft) 1 Standard Cubic Foot (SCF) of Natural Gas = 1,000 Btu FISCAL YEAR Government of Indonesia - April 1 - March 31 Fertilizer Companies - January 1 - December 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AAF - P.T. ASEAN Aceh Fertilizer APPI - Indonesian Fertilizer Producers' Association AS - Ammonium sulfate ASEAN - Association of South-East Asian Nations BAPPENAS - National Development Planning Board BI - Bank Indonesia BPKP - Financial and Development Supervisory Board BNI - Bank Negara Indonesia 1946 EKUIN - Minister Coordinator for Economics, Financial and Industrial Affairs, and for the Supervision of Development GOI - Government of Indonesia Gresik - P.T. Petrokimia Gresik ICB - International competitive bidding IKPT - P.T. Inti Karya Persada Tehnik Kaltim - P.T. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur KC1 - Muriate of potash, or potash, or potassium chlloride KLH - Ministry of Population and the Environment KONEBA - P.T. -
Pupuk Kaltim)
BAB II DESKRIPSI OBJEK PENELITIAN 2.1 PT PUPUK KALIMANTAN TIMUR (Pupuk Kaltim) PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (Pupuk Kaltim) merupakan anak perusaahaan dari PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) yang memproduksi Urea dan Amoniak. Pupuk Urea disebut juga pupuk nitrogen (N) yang memiliki kandungan nitrogen 46%. Urea dibuat dari reaksi antara amoniak dengan karbon dioksida dalam suatu proses kimia menjadi urea padat dalam bentuk prill berukuran 1-3 mm atau granul ukuran 2-4mm yang keduanya diprodukasi oleh Pupuk Kaltim. Urea prill paling bayak digunakan untuk segmen tanaman pangan dan industry, sedangkan urea granul lebih cocok untuk segmen perkebunan, meskipun dapat juga untuk tanaman pangan. Pupuk urea dipasarkan dan di jual dengan merek dagang Daun Buah dan Pupuk Indonesia. Khusus urea bersubsidi dengan merek Pupuk Indonesia, produk urea berwarna pink (Tentang Produk, 2017). Urea Pupuk Indonesia adalah merek yang digunakan khusus untuk pupuk urea bersubsidi, berwarna merah muda (pink) dan diperuntukan ke tanaman pangan. Berbeda dengan urea granul daun buah, adalah merek yang digunakan untuk pupuk urea granul non subsidi produksi Pupuk Kaltim, berwarna putih dengan ukuran butiran 2-4,75mm. Urea prill daun buah adalah merek yang digunakan untuk produk urea prill non subsidi produksi pupuk 37 kaltim, berwarna putih dengan ukuran butiran 1-3,35mm (Tentang Produk, 2017). Amoniak Pupuk Kaltim digunakan sebagai bahan mentah dalam industri kimia. Amoniak produksi Pupuk Kaltim dipasarkan dalam bentuk cair pada suhu -33 derajat celcius dengan kemurnian minimal 99,5% dan campuran (impurity) berupa air maksimal 0,5%. Amoniak dibuat dari bahan baku gas bumi yang direaksikan dengan udara dan uap air yang diproses pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi secara bertahap melalui beberapa reactor yang mengandung katalis (Tentang Produk, 2017). -
Gender Equality and Corporate Social Responsibility in Mining: an Investigation of the Potential for Change at Kaltim Prima Coal, Indonesia
GENDER EQUALITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN MINING: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR CHANGE AT KALTIM PRIMA COAL, INDONESIA By Petra Mahy A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ASIA PACIFIC PROGRAM CRAWFORD SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND GOVERMENT ANU COLLEGE OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CANBERRA, SEPTEMBER 2011 Declaration I, Petra Mahy, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Resource Management in Asia Pacific Program, Crawford School of Economics and Government, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. This thesis has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. © September 2011 Petra Mahy ii Acknowledgements I am indebted to the many people who provided assistance to me during the course of my PhD candidature. I would firstly like to acknowledge the invaluable guidance of Dr Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt as my principal PhD supervisor and the initiator of the Linkage Project with KPC. Kuntala introduced me to the field of mining and gender, made this research possible and provided sustained support throughout my research. I also thank my second supervisor Dr Colin Filer and advisor Dr Patrick Guinness who both provided advice on my research aims and feedback on initial drafts of this thesis. I acknowledge the support of staff members in Resource Management in the Asia-Pacific (RMAP) Program and of fellow students in my cohort including Nina, Hendra, Kathy, Keri, Masayuki, Rachel and Wijayono. -
PENILAIAN EKONOMI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN BONTANG KOTA BONTANG (Economic Valuation of Coral Reef Ecosystem in Bontang Sea Bontang City)
EPP.Vo. 7. No.1. 2010 : 20-24 20 PENILAIAN EKONOMI EKOSISTEM TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN BONTANG KOTA BONTANG (Economic Valuation of Coral Reef Ecosystem in Bontang Sea Bontang City) Erwan Sulistianto Staf Pengajar Jurusan Sosial Ekonomi Perikanan, FPIK-UNMUL e-mail : [email protected] ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to calculate both the total economic value of coral reef ecosystems. In this study the value of coral reef ecosystems expresed by the reef fish farming values were estimated by Effect on Productivity (EOP). The result showed that the reef fish farming value was Rp11,238.80 per hectare per year, these values described if there is damage toward the coral reef ecosystems in Bontang Sea. Key words: the total economic value, coral reef, fish farming. PENDAHULUAN fungsi ekonomi sebagai habitat dari ikan karang, udang karang, algae, teripang, dan Wilayah pesisir merupakan daerah yang kerang mutiara. Terumbu karang juga berfungsi cukup penting di Indonesia. Wilayah Indonesia sebagai tujuan wisata dan penelitian. Kota sebagian besar didominasi oleh lautan, sehingga Bontang merupakan salah satu daerah yang sumberdaya alam yang terdapat di daerah memiliki ekosistem terumbu karang yang cukup pesisir di Indonesia juga melimpah, karena di luas, yaitu sekitar 8.744 ha. Ekosistem terumbu daerah pesisir terdapat lebih dari satu ekosistem. karang tersebar hampir di seluruh bagian pesisir Menurut Kusumastanto (2006), wilayah pesisir dan pulau-pulau Kota Bontang yang pada memiliki konsentrasi-konsentrasi keunggulan umumnya berada dalam radius 1,5 – 2 mil laut wilayah yang tidak dimiliki wilayah lain, yaitu di posisi yang berhadapan dengan pabrik PT (1) keunggulan sumberdaya alam misalnya Pupuk Kalimantan Timur dan PT Badak NGL. -
Implementasi Saluran Distribusi Dan Strategi Pengorganisasian Yang
IR-PERPUSTAKAAN UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA BAB II GAMBARAN UMUM PERUSAHAAN 2.1 Sejarah Perusahaan Pupuk Kaltim merupakan Anak Perusahaan dari PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero). Sejak berdiri, Pupuk Kaltim tidak pernah melakukan perubahan nama Perusahaan. Awalnya, proyek Pupuk Kaltim dikelola oleh perusahaan minyak negara Pertamina dengan fasilitas pabrik pupuk terapung atau pabrik di atas kapal. Namun karena beberapa pertimbangan teknis, proyek tersebut dialihkan ke darat sesuai dengan Keputusan Presiden Nomor 43 Tahun 1975 dan kemudian melalui Keputusan Presiden Nomor 39Tahun 1976, pengelolaannya diserahkan dari Pertamina kepada Departemen Perindustrian. Lahan seluas 443 hektar disiapkan untuk pembangunan proyek tersebut. Gas bumi merupakan bahan baku utama produksi Amoniak dan Urea yang disalurkan dengan pipa sepanjang 60 km dari Muara Badak, Kalimantan Timur. Proyek pertama pembangunan Pabrik 1 dimulai pada 1979, sedangkan pembangunan Pabrik 2 dimulai pada 1982. Kedua pabrik tersebut diresmikan bersamaan pada 29 Oktober 1984. Selanjutnya, Pabrik 3 dibangun dan diresmikan pada 4 April 1989. Pada 1999, berdiri pabrik Urea granul pertama di Indonesia yang dinamakan Proyek Optimasi Kaltim (POPKA). Pabrik ini diresmikan pada 6 Juli 2000 bersamaan dengan pemancangan tiang pertama Pabrik 4. Unit Urea Pabrik 4 diresmikan pada 3 Juli 2002 sedangkan unit Amoniak diresmikan pada 28 Juni 2004. Bisnis utama Perusahaan adalah memproduksi serta menjual Amoniak, Urea dan NPK dengan segmen pasar dalam maupun luar negeri. Untuk wilayah distribusi sektor subsidi dalam negeri, wilayah pemasaran Pupuk Kaltim meliputi 2/3 wilayah Indonesia, yakni Kawasan Timur Indonesia hingga Papua dan sebagian besar Jawa Timur dan Kalimantan, kecuali Kalimantan Barat. Wilayah tersebut ditetapkan sesuai surat Direktur Utama PT Pupuk Indonesia (Persero) Nomor U-1308/A00000.UM/2012 tanggal 8 Oktober 2012 tentang Penugasan Wilayah Tanggung Jawab Pengadaan dan Penyaluran 10 TUGAS AKHIR IMPLEMENTASI SALURAN DISTRIBUSI… NOVALDA FIRDAUZI MR. -
The Mineral Industry of Indonesia in 2003
THE MINERAL INDUSTRIES OF INDONESIA AND EAST TIMOR (TIMOR-LESTE) By Pui-Kwan Tse INDONESIA governments could cause production costs to increase by an additional 6%. During the past 5 years, investment in Despite the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Indonesian mining has decreased by 90% to $200 million outbreak in the Asia and the Pacific region and the August in 2003 compared with $2 billion in 1998. The Capital terrorist attack in the capital, Indonesia’s gross domestic product Investments Coordinating Board approved only seven new (GDP) grew by 4.1% in 2003 compared with that of 2002; this foreign mining projects and two foreign expansion projects rate of growth was higher than the Government’s target of 3.9%. in 2003 for a total value of $14.9 million. Legal and policy Indonesia had not recovered completely from the 1997 financial uncertainties, lingering labor conflicts, and the chaotic crisis. With the assistance of the International Monetary Fund implementation of regional autonomy were mainly responsible and the implementation of new macroeconomic policies, the for this drop in investment in the mining sector. Security inflation rate slowed to 5.1% by yearend, interest rates fell, conditions also worried many foreign investors, especially in the and the rupiah stabilized against the U.S. dollar. Private and Provinces of Aceh and Papua. During the past several years, Government consumption remained the principal drivers of mineral outputs remained stable despite the unfavorable investment growth. Private consumption accounted for 2.8% of the GDP conditions. The continuing lack of investment will have a negative growth. -
Indo 86 0 1227644172 81 1
Contesting Power in Indonesia's Resource-Rich Regions in the Era of Decentralization: New Strategy for Central Control over the Regions Akiko Morishita1 1. Introduction On June 19, 2006, after being investigated for fourteen hours by the National Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, KPK), Suwarna Abdul Fatah, governor of East Kalimantan, was formally arrested on suspicion of corruption in an oil-palm plantation project. He was accused of issuing a permit for the opening up of around one-million hectares of the province's forest to oil-palm plantation development without proper legal process. It turned out that the Surya Dumai Group, which had obtained the permit, cleared the land for timber but did not open the plantation. Instead, it smuggled the trees to Tawau, the south westernmost town in Sabah, Malaysia.2 The company's president, Martias, was also arrested, on 1 I would like to thank Professor Takashi Shiraishi, Professor Patricio Abinales, and Associate Professor Caroline Hau for their helpful reviews and comments. I am also grateful to those who helped me during my stay in Central and East Kalimantan, although I cannot mention their names for obvious reasons. Initial research was carried out in East and Central Kalimantan under a doctoral fellowship from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), during 2003-06. The essay was written under a postdoctoral fellowship from JSPS. 2 Riky Ferdianto, "Gubernur Kalimantan Timur Ditahan," Tempo Interaktif, June 19, 2006. Tutut Herlina, Indonesia 86 (October 2008) 82 Akiko Morishita August 3, 2006. Nine months after his arrest, Suwarna was sentenced to seven years in prison on March 2, 2007, while Martias was jailed for eighteen months as an accomplice.