DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Regional Government in Poverty Reduction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Regional Government in Poverty Reduction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia The Role of Regional Government in Poverty Reduction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia Muhammad Ali BA (Indonesian Muslim University), MA (Victoria University) School of Social Science and Psychology Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development Victoria University Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy March, 2013 ABSTRACT East Kalimantan is a province of paradox. It has considerable economic potential, measured in terms of abundant endowments of natural resources. And yet it lacks infrastructure and has poor human resources, factors which condemn much of the population to live in poverty. Regional autonomy, implemented since 2001, has provided more political power and fiscal capacity to the region, and therefore it has been expected to give more opportunity for regional governments to accelerate regional development and bring their people to greater prosperity. However, East Kalimantan still harbors high levels of poverty. This study examines the extent to which regional governments use their authority, greatly expanded under regional autonomy laws, to address poverty issues in the province. This research utilizes qualitative methodology and employs a case study approach. It involves 63 interview participants from senior regional government officials, members of regional councils and other local stakeholders, which were selected using a combination of “purposive and snowball” sampling. Other secondary data collected include regional government documents and publications. The thesis argues that regional autonomy has provided regional governments with more political and fiscal capacity and has increased the role of regional governments in developing the regions. However, this has not necessarily meant that regional governments have been successful in alleviating poverty. It is argued that the insignificant achievement in poverty reduction is heavily shaped by the inconsistency of the regional governments in implementing program priorities due to the conflicting interests among decision makers, the limited capacity and low commitment of the local bureaucrats and members of regional councils in managing administration and regional development programs, regional political instability, poor coordination between levels of government and wide spread corruption. i | P a g e STUDENT DECLARATION I, Muhammad Ali, declare that the PhD thesis entitled “The Role of Regional Government in Poverty Reduction in East Kalimantan, Indonesia” is no more than 100,000 words in length including quotes and exclusive of tables, figures, appendices, bibliography, references and footnotes. This thesis contains no material that has been submitted previously, in whole or in part, for the award of any other academic degree or diploma. Except where otherwise indicated, this thesis is my own work. Signature: Date: 19 March 2013 ii | P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This chapter of my life has been an academic journey made possible with the assistance and involvement of many people. It is with my deepest gratitude that I thank them for their support and guidance. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr. Richard Chauvel, my supervisor, for his constant, deep and sincere guidance, encouragement, patience, constructive comments and kindness. And for the confidence he instilled in me to be able to complete this project. The experience gained from him is an invaluable asset. I am most grateful to many members of staff in the Faculty of Arts, Education and Human Development and the Office for Postgraduate Research at Victoria University who have been marvelous in providing professional and administrative assistance. My cordial thanks also to Angela Rojter for her great help in providing writing assistance during thesis drafting. I also acknowledge Diane Brown for editing the thesis according to the Australian Standards for Editing Practice (Standards D and E). I would like also to express my heartfelt acknowledgement to the District Government of Paser for their support in giving me leave from duties to undergo this study. A special thanks to the Provincial Government of East Kalimantan and District Government of Paser and Kutai Kertanegara, for enabling me to conduct research in their areas. My special sincere thanks go to the people who have helped me in one way or another during my field work, particularly the 63 respondents who have willingly sacrificed their time to take part in this study. Your willingness to participate provided invaluable information. Without this information the thesis would not have been developed in this way. I would like to extend my appreciation to ALA/AusAID for the scholarship provided to fund the pursuit of this research degree. This study would not have become a reality without the scholarship from ALA/AusAID to sponsor me in my endeavor to pursue the PhD. My greatest thanks go to my late mum for her endless love and sacrifices. And her spirit has given me strength and patience to resist iii | P a g e difficulties in the journey of my life, as well as her special care and support since my childhood. Her love and unique expression cannot be covered, even if I could have given her this whole world. I wish to extend my deepest gratitude to my wife, Jumriah and my children, Agung, Vina and Rara for their continuous support, patience and love. And who always stand beside me and accompany me everywhere. They make me feel happy and fortunate – thanks to all of you. Above all, the greatest thanks to Almighty God, Allah SWT who saves me from uncontrollable and unaccountable situations in the past, nowadays and in the days ahead. Last, but not least, I would to express my heartfelt thanks to many others who have made a contribution to this study. Your invaluable contribution is highly appreciated. iv | P a g e DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to the memory of my late mother, Sawiah, my wife, Jumriah and my lovely kids, Agung, Vina and Rara. You are everything to me. v | P a g e LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND AWARDS Ali, Muhammad (2011) Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: The Case of Great Resources Province, East Kalimantan, Proceedings of Canadian South East Asian Studies Conference, Toronto, 14–16 October 2011. Ali, Muhammad (2011) Paradoks Kebijakan Otonomi Daerah dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Kalimantan Timur Kaya Tapi Miskin/The Paradox of Regional Autonomy Policy and the Increase of East Kalimantan Community Welfare, Proceedings of Olimpiade Karya Tulis Inovatif, Paris, 6–8 October 2011. Ali, Muhammad and Mas’udi, Wawan (2012) ‘Paradoks Desentralisasi dan Kesejahteraan: Kalimantan Timur Kaya Tapi Miskin/The Paradox of Desentralization and Welfare: East Kalimantan is Rich but Poor’, Jurnal Desentralisasi 10 (1): 17 - 37 Runner-up in essay competition organized by Australian Indonesia Governance Research Partnerships, The Australian National University in 2009, with the essay titled “Decentralization and Poverty Reduction: Great Authority, Wealth and Poverty in East Kalimantan, Indonesia.” The essay can be accessed through http://www.aigrp.anu.edu.au/docs/ys/Essay_comp_2009/final/Essay_Submis sion_M%20Ali%20Hapsah.pdf vi | P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... i STUDENT DECLARATION ............................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................. iii DEDICATION ................................................................................................. v LIST OF PUBLICATIONS AND AWARDS ..................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................... xii LIST OF BOXES .......................................................................................... xiii APPENDIXES .............................................................................................. xiv ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ........................................................... xv MAPS ............................................................................................................ xx Map 1: Indonesia ........................................................................................... xx Map 2: East Kalimantan ................................................................................ xx CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 1.1 Background .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Questions ................................................................................ 7 1.3 Significance of the Study ......................................................................... 8 1.4 Organization of the Thesis ....................................................................... 9 1.5 Decentralization and Government Structure in Indonesia ...................... 11 1.5.1 Background to Decentralization in Indonesia ........................... 11 1.5.2 Indonesia’s Government Structure ........................................... 17 CHAPTER 2 DECENTRALIZATION AND POVERTY REDUCTION: LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bab I Dinamika Politik Etnis Dan Politik Uang Dalam Pilkada A
    1 BAB I DINAMIKA POLITIK ETNIS DAN POLITIK UANG DALAM PILKADA A. Latar Belakang Masalah Pemilihan Kepala Daerah (Pilkada) secara langsung berdampak pada bangkitnya semangat kedaerahan atau instrumentasi etnis oleh elite politik. Mobilisasi etnis oleh elite politik bertujuan menggerakkan masyarakat untuk memilih elite yang mencalonkan diri dalam Pilkada. Hal ini dapat ditengarai dengan adanya isu-isu putra daerah asli dan pendatang dalam kampanye Pilkada. Isu putra daerah asli yang ditampilkan dalam kampanye, sesungguhnya menyerang calon lain yang bukan putra daerah. Instrumentasi etnis dalam Pilkada bisa memicu konflik horisontal antar pendukung calon. Sehubungan dengan maraknya instrumentasi etnis dalam Pilkada, bermula dari pengekangan oleh rejim Orde Baru selama tiga puluh dua tahun. Oleh karena dikekang selama tiga puluh dua tahun, maka ketika kekang tersebut terbuka lebar, maka instrumentasi etnis menjadi ancaman perpecahan dalam masyarakat. Studi terdahulu membuktikan bahwa instrumentasi etnis tersebut dimanfaatkan oleh elite politik untuk pemenangan dalam Pilkada. Dari hasil penelitian penulis terhadap tesis dan disertasi tentang politik etnis, penulis menemukan beberapa kajian yang menarik. Penelitian tentang instrumentasi etnis dalam pemenangan Pilkada dilakukan oleh Umasugi (2009), Ramadlan (2008) dan 2 Syarkawi (2007). Umasugi menemukan bahwa pemenangan Pilkada di Kabupaten Buru disebabkan kandidat menginstrumentasi etnis – hal ini diidentifikasi dengan pemilihan wakil Bupati yang menunjuk kandidat dengan marga yang berpengaruh besar di Kabupaten Buru. Kandidat menginstrumentasi etnisitas dalam rangka membangkitkan ikatan primordialisme dan kekerabatan dalam masyarakat untuk mendukungnya. Dampak dari kemenangan kandidat dalam Pilkada ialah hanya etnis tertentu yang menempati posisi strategis dalam pemerintahan1. Sebaliknya Ramadlan mengkaji instrumentasi etnis Dayak dari sisi yang berbeda dengan Umasugi. Temuan Ramadlan menunjukkan bahwa kemenangan kandidat dalam Pilkada ditopang oleh strategi jejaring etnisitas adat.
    [Show full text]
  • Gender Equality and Corporate Social Responsibility in Mining: an Investigation of the Potential for Change at Kaltim Prima Coal, Indonesia
    GENDER EQUALITY AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN MINING: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL FOR CHANGE AT KALTIM PRIMA COAL, INDONESIA By Petra Mahy A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The Australian National University. RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN ASIA PACIFIC PROGRAM CRAWFORD SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND GOVERMENT ANU COLLEGE OF ASIA AND THE PACIFIC THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY CANBERRA, SEPTEMBER 2011 Declaration I, Petra Mahy, declare that this thesis, submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy, in the Resource Management in Asia Pacific Program, Crawford School of Economics and Government, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, is wholly my own work unless otherwise referenced or acknowledged. This thesis has not been submitted for qualifications at any other academic institution. © September 2011 Petra Mahy ii Acknowledgements I am indebted to the many people who provided assistance to me during the course of my PhD candidature. I would firstly like to acknowledge the invaluable guidance of Dr Kuntala Lahiri-Dutt as my principal PhD supervisor and the initiator of the Linkage Project with KPC. Kuntala introduced me to the field of mining and gender, made this research possible and provided sustained support throughout my research. I also thank my second supervisor Dr Colin Filer and advisor Dr Patrick Guinness who both provided advice on my research aims and feedback on initial drafts of this thesis. I acknowledge the support of staff members in Resource Management in the Asia-Pacific (RMAP) Program and of fellow students in my cohort including Nina, Hendra, Kathy, Keri, Masayuki, Rachel and Wijayono.
    [Show full text]
  • Indo 86 0 1227644172 81 1
    Contesting Power in Indonesia's Resource-Rich Regions in the Era of Decentralization: New Strategy for Central Control over the Regions Akiko Morishita1 1. Introduction On June 19, 2006, after being investigated for fourteen hours by the National Corruption Eradication Commission (Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi, KPK), Suwarna Abdul Fatah, governor of East Kalimantan, was formally arrested on suspicion of corruption in an oil-palm plantation project. He was accused of issuing a permit for the opening up of around one-million hectares of the province's forest to oil-palm plantation development without proper legal process. It turned out that the Surya Dumai Group, which had obtained the permit, cleared the land for timber but did not open the plantation. Instead, it smuggled the trees to Tawau, the south westernmost town in Sabah, Malaysia.2 The company's president, Martias, was also arrested, on 1 I would like to thank Professor Takashi Shiraishi, Professor Patricio Abinales, and Associate Professor Caroline Hau for their helpful reviews and comments. I am also grateful to those who helped me during my stay in Central and East Kalimantan, although I cannot mention their names for obvious reasons. Initial research was carried out in East and Central Kalimantan under a doctoral fellowship from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), during 2003-06. The essay was written under a postdoctoral fellowship from JSPS. 2 Riky Ferdianto, "Gubernur Kalimantan Timur Ditahan," Tempo Interaktif, June 19, 2006. Tutut Herlina, Indonesia 86 (October 2008) 82 Akiko Morishita August 3, 2006. Nine months after his arrest, Suwarna was sentenced to seven years in prison on March 2, 2007, while Martias was jailed for eighteen months as an accomplice.
    [Show full text]
  • Opportunities and Challenges in Encountering the Global Situation
    INFORMASI PERUSAHAAN 07 COMPANY INFORMATION PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN MENGHADAPI SITUASI GLOBAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENCOUNTERING THE GLOBAL SITUATION ISBN 978-602-70441-3-5 PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur LAPORAN TAHUNAN - 2014 - ANNUAL REPORT A PROFIL PERUSAHAAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA ANALISA & PEMBAHASAN MANAJEMEN TATA KELOLA PERUSAHAAN YANG BAIK TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL PERUSAHAAN ANALISA KEUANGAN 01COMPANY PROFILE 02HUMAN RESOURCES PROFILE 03 MANAGEMENT DISCUSSION & ANALISYS 04GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE 05 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 06 FINANACE ANALISYS PELUANG DAN TANTANGAN MENGHADAPI SITUASI GLOBALOPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES IN ENCOUNTERING THE GLOBAL SITUATION B LAPORAN TAHUNAN - 2014 - ANNUAL REPORT PT Pupuk Kalimantan Timur INFORMASI PERUSAHAAN 07 COMPANY INFORMATION 2014 merupakan tahun penuh tantangan bagi pelaku bisnis. Fluktuasi perekonomian global serta persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat menuntut Perusahaan untuk semakin jeli membaca dan memanfaatkan setiap peluang yang ada. Implementasi strategi bisnis yang kami lakukan di tahun ini berhasil menghadapi tantangan bisnis, sekaligus sukses membukukan laba tertinggi sepanjang PELUANG DAN sejarah Perusahaan. Kinerja produksi Perusahaan pada tahun 2014 sangat baik. Produksi urea mencapai 3,02 Juta ton atau 101% dari target yang ditetapkan, sementara amoniak mencapai 2,43 Juta ton atau 111% dari target. Biaya operasional pada tahun 2014 tercatat sebesar Rp13,59 Triliun atau 125% dari tahun TANTANGAN sebelumnya. Sejalan dengan itu, Perusahaan berhasil membukukan pendapatan Rp17,20 Triliun atau 118% dari target, dengan laba Rp3,48 Triliun atau 173% dari target. Pencapaian perusahaan di tahun 2014, menjadi pendorong semangat untuk terus menjadi perusahaan bereputasi prima. Memiliki kejelian MENGHADAPI dalam menangkap peluang dan mengembangkannya menjadi kekuatan untuk menghadapi berbagai tantangan global di masa yang akan datang. 2014 is a challenging year for business doer.
    [Show full text]
  • Politik Ambivalensi: Nalar Elite Di Balik Pemenangan Pilkada
    Politik Ambivalensi: Nalar Elite di Balik Pemenangan Pilkada Kata Pengantar: Prof. Dr. Heddy Shri Ahimsa-Putra, M.A. Dr. Asep Nurjaman, M.Si. Dr. Guno Tri Tjahjoko Politik Ambivalensi: Nalar Elite di Balik Pemenangan Pilkada Hak cipta © Penerbit PolGov, 2015 All rights reserved Penulis: Dr. Guno Tri Tjahjoko Editor: Umi Nurun Ni’mah Pemeriksa Aksara: Cucuk Radosha Tata Letak Isi: M. Baihaqi Lathif Cetakan I, Desember 2015 Diterbitkan oleh Penerbit PolGov Penerbit PolGov khusus menerbitkan buku-buku politik dan pemerintahan, berada di bawah payung Research Centre of Politics and Government (PolGov). Research Centre for Politics and Government (PolGov) adalah lembaga riset dan publikasi dari Jurusan Politik dan Pemerintahan (JPP) Fisipol UGM. Saat ini PolGov berfokus pada empat tema kunci sesuai dengan kurikulum JPP, yaitu: 1) politik lokal dan otonomi daerah, 2) partai politik, pemilu, dan parlemen, 3) HAM dan demokrasi, 4) reformasi tata kelola pemerintahan dan pengembangan sistem integritas. Gedung BA Lt. 4 Fisipol UGM Jl. Sosio Yustisia, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281 http://jpp.fisipol.ugm.ac.id Telp./Fax: Surel: [email protected] Perpustakaan Nasional RI. Data Katalog dalam Terbitan (KDT) Dr. Guno Tri Tjahjoko Politik Ambivalensi: Nalar Elite di Balik Pemenangan Pilkada Penulis: Dr. Guno Tri Tjahjoko; Editor: Umi Nurun Ni’mah Cet.1 — Yogyakarta: Penerbit PolGov, Desember 2015 lxxii + 236 hlm. 15 x 23 cm ISBN 1. Sosial /Politik I. Judul SEPATAH KATA PERSPEKTIF BARU TERHADAP FENOMENA PATRONASE DI INDONESIA uji syukur kepada Tuhan atas terbitnya buku “POLITIK AMBIVALENSI: Nalar Elite di Balik Pemenangan PPilkada”, sehingga buku ini ada di tangan pembaca. Sesungguhnya, buku ini merupakan disertasi penulis yang telah diedit dengan bahasa populer, agar mudah dipahami isinya dan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat luas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of Patronage in Intergovernmental Financial Transfer: the Role of Local Elites in East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
    THE POLITICS OF PATRONAGE IN INTERGOVERNMENTAL FINANCIAL TRANSFER: THE ROLE OF LOCAL ELITES IN EAST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE, INDONESIA Ahyar Muhammad Diah College of Arts and Education, Victoria University Melbourne, Australia Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2017 ABSTRACT Intergovernmental financial transfers from central to local governments provide a vital source of income to support local development of public services and infrastructure. However, most local governments in developing countries, such as Indonesia, fail to meet the transfer objectives due to misuse of the funds by local elites. Although financial transfers increased significantly with increased local autonomy since 2001, local development has not been commensurate with the larger budgets, with unfair wealth distribution denying equitable outcomes. Previous studies have addressed the involvement of political rulers in the misuse of intergovernmental financial transfers, but there has been limited investigation into the role of other elites. Working with theories of the politics of patronage derived from Eisendtat (1980) and Bearfield (2009), this study examines the role of a much wider range of formal and informal elites—from bureaucrats and politicians to businessmen and religious and ethnic leaders—in intergovernmental financial transfer within the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan. The aims of the study are twofold: to provide insight into how local elites exercise their power and influence to structure and allocate financial resources, and to help local governments curb the misuse of financial resources. The study utilises data derived from three main sources: in-depth interviews with 36 elite stakeholders, direct observation, and information contained in local government documents, collected during two field visits and follow-up telephone interviews and email contacts.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Owns the Land? Looking for Law and Power in Reformasi East Kalimantan
    Who owns the Land? Looking for Law and Power in Reformasi East Kalimantan Een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Rechtsgeleerdheid Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 23 november 2009 om 10.30 uur precies. door Laurens Gerrit Hendrik Bakker geboren op 12 augustus 1974 te Leidschendam Who owns the Land? Looking for Law and Power in Reformasi East Kalimantan An academic essay in Law Doctoral Thesis To obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen on the Promotores authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. dr. S.C.J.J. Kortmann, according to the Prof. dr. F.A.M. Hüsken decision of council of deans to be defended in public on �������������������Monday November, 23 Prof. mr. P.H.P.H.M.C van Kempen 2009 at 10.30 hours Prof. mr. H.M.C. Slaats by Manuscriptcommissie Prof. mr. A.B. Terlouw Laurens Gerrit Hendrik Bakker Prof. dr. K. VBB born on 12 August 1974 Prof. dr. T. Widlok in Leidschendam ‘Truth shall prevail – don’t you know Magna est veritas et . Yes, when it gets a chance. There is a law, no doubt – and likewise a law regulates your luck in the throwing of the dice. It is not Justice the servant of men, but accident, hazard, Fortune – the ally of patient Time – that holds an even and scrupulous balance. Both of us had said the very same thing.
    [Show full text]