VOL. 13, NO. 8 A PUBLICATION OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA AUGUST 2003

VOLUME 13, NUMBER 8 AUGUST 2003

GSA TODAY publishes news and information for more than Cover: Rock avalanches triggered by the 3 17,000 GSA members and subscribing libraries. GSA Today November 2002 Denali Fault earthquake in lead science articles should present the results of exciting new Alaska are spread across the 2.5-km-wide research or summarize and synthesize important problems or Black Rapids Glacier in the Alaska Range. issues, and they must be understandable to all in the earth The avalanches originated from steep moun- science community. Submit manuscripts to science editors tainsides along the south side of the glacially Keith A. Howard, [email protected], or Gerald M. Ross, [email protected]. carved valley, crossed the entire width of the valley, and draped over a 15 m-high medial GSA TODAY (ISSN 1052-5173 USPS 0456-530) is published moraine on the glacier. See “Landslides and 11 times per year, monthly, with a combined April/May issue, by liquefaction triggered by the M 7.9 Denali The Geological Society of America, Inc., with offices at 3300 Fault earthquake of 3 November 2002” by Penrose Place, Boulder, Colorado. Mailing address: P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140, USA. Periodicals postage paid E.L. Harp et al., p. 4–10. at Boulder, Colorado, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to GSA Today, GSA Sales and Service, P.O. Box 9140, Boulder, CO 80301-9140. Copyright © 2003, The Geological Society of America, Inc. (GSA). All rights reserved. Copyright not claimed on content SCIENCE ARTICLE prepared wholly by U.S. government employees within scope of their employment. Individual scientists are hereby granted 4 permission, without fees or further requests to GSA, to use a single figure, a single table, and/or a brief paragraph of text in other subsequent works and to make unlimited photocopies of Edwin L. 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50% Total Recovered Fiber 10% Postconsumer GSA Annual Meeting & Exposition at www.geosociety.org were mainly lateral-spreading cracks and sand boils. Subsidence effects also were observed in structures at Fielding Lake and along the Alaska Pipeline. Only one strong-motion seismometer was present within the near field. Patterns of trig- gered landslides and liquefaction effects taken together with teleseismic data pro- vide most of the evidence of the varia- tion of strong shaking.

Edwin L. Harp and Randall W. Jibson, U.S. Geological Survey, 1711 Illinois Street, PATTERN OF FAULT RUPTURE The November 3 earthquake, one of Golden, Colorado 80401, USA the largest in U.S. history, resulted pri- Robert E. Kayen and David K. Keefer, U.S. Geological Survey, 345 Middlefield Road, marily from right-lateral movement on Menlo Park, California 94025, USA the Denali-Totschunda Fault system (Fig. Brian L. Sherrod, U.S. Geological Survey, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, 1). The Denali Fault is one of the longest University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA strike-slip fault systems in the world; it consists of numerous strands along its Gary A. Carver, 12021 Middle Bay Drive, Kodiak, Alaska 99615, USA 2000 km length and is comparable in Brian D. Collins, Robb E.S. Moss, and Nicolas Sitar, Department of Civil and size to the San Andreas Fault, which pro- Environmental Engineering, 440 Davis Hall, University of California, Berkeley, duced the M 7.8 San Francisco earth- California 94720, USA quake of 1906 (Miller et al., 2002). The Totschunda Fault, a major splay of the Denali Fault system, extends ~200 km ABSTRACT sible explanation for the unusual from the U.S.-Canada border northwest The moment magnitude (M) 7.9 ground-failure patterns that are related to to its junction with the Denali Fault at Denali Fault earthquake in Alaska of 3 three subevents that have been dis- Mentasta Pass (Plafker et al., 1994; November 2002 triggered an unusual cerned from the earthquake records. Plafker et al., 1977). The Denali and pattern of landslides and liquefaction Totschunda Faults both display evidence effects. The landslides were primarily INTRODUCTION of recent movement. rock falls and rock slides that ranged in South-central Alaska and the Alaska The M 7.9 mainshock was preceded volume from a few cubic meters to the Range were severely shaken on the by a M 6.7 foreshock on 23 October 40 million-cubic-meter rock avalanche morning of 3 November 2003 by a (mo- 2002 (Fig. 1) on the Denali Fault. The that covered much of the McGinnis ment magnitude) M 7.9 earthquake.1 epicenter of the mainshock was ~25 km Glacier. Landslides were concentrated in The quake triggered more than 300 km east of the foreshock. The mainshock a narrow zone ~30 km wide that strad- of surface rupture along the Denali Fault consisted of multiple subevents (Kikuchi dled the fault rupture zone over its entire and numerous landslides and liquefac- and Yamanaka, 2002). The first subevent 300 km length. Large rock avalanches all tion failures within the central part of the was a M 7.2 thrust event near the Susitna clustered at the western end of the rup- Alaska Range and surrounding areas Glacier. This event then triggered a sec- ture zone where acceleration levels are (Eberhart-Phillips et al., 2003). Landslides ond subevent (Fig. 1), a right-lateral rup- reported to have been the highest. triggered by the earthquake were mainly ture on the Denali Fault near the West Liquefaction effects, consisting of sand rock falls and rock slides containing dif- Forks Glacier. During a third subevent blows, lateral spreads, and settlement, ferent amounts of ice and snow. The (Fig. 1), right-lateral rupture propagated were widespread within susceptible allu- most spectacular landslides triggered by eastward along the Denali Fault for 225 vial deposits extending from Fairbanks the shaking were large rock and ice km (Frankel et al., 2002) and continued eastward several hundred kilometers. avalanches that occurred on the Black for ~50 km southeastward on the The liquefaction effects displayed a pat- Rapids Glacier, the Gakona Glacier, the Totshunda Fault. Right-lateral slip aver- tern of increasing concentration and West Fork Glacier, and the McGinnis aged ~3.5 m and ranged from 0.5 to al- severity from west to east and extended Glacier. These landslides ranged in vol- most 9 m. A maximum of ~3.5 m of ver- well beyond the zone of landslides, ume from several hundred thousand cu- tical movement occurred as both thrust which is unusual. The contrasting pat- bic meters to 40 million cubic meters. and normal slip. Old degraded fault terns formed by the distributions of land- Widespread liquefaction occurred within scarps (Plafker et al., 1977) observed at slides and liquefaction effects initially alluvial deposits of rivers and streams in many places were re-ruptured during the seemed to be inconsistent; however, pre- and adjacent to the central Alaska Range November 3 event. liminary analyses of strong-motion and within artificial fills in the same area. The fault ruptured across the route of records from the earthquake offer a pos- Surface manifestations of liquefaction the Trans-Alaska pipeline (TAPS). The ————— 1Boldface “M” indicates moment magnitude. Standard “M” used when the type of magnitude is not specified.

4 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY Figure 1. Map showing mainshock, foreshock, zone of fault rupture, concentrated landslides, individual landslides and places mentioned in text, and observations of liquefaction effects triggered by the Denali Fault earthquake of 3 November 2002. pipeline’s earthquake monitoring system LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY THE rock cliffs bordering large valley glaciers. and pipeline personnel initiated an auto- EARTHQUAKE Avalanche deposits of rock and ice blan- matic shut-down after the earthquake. The violent, prolonged shaking from keted large sections of the Black Rapids Supports for the pipeline were damaged, the Denali Fault earthquake triggered and McGinnis Glaciers. causing the pipeline to sag in a few thousands of landslides from the steep An unusual aspect of the landslides places, but the pipeline did not break slopes of the Alaska Range and sur- triggered by this earthquake was their and alarm systems worked as designed. rounding areas. The distribution of land- narrow concentration along the fault Some minor subsidence of the pipeline slides was determined by reconnaissance rupture. Normally, an earthquake of this occurred due to liquefaction within artifi- from both fixed-wing aircraft and heli- magnitude would be expected to trigger cial fill ~500 m south of the fault rupture. copter. The landslides ranged in size abundant landslides over a very broad The pipeline was designed and built to from a few cubic meters of dislodged region extending perhaps 350 km from withstand the effects of a M 8.0 earth- rock to large rock avalanches of 5–40 the fault and covering an area of 25,000 quake generating as much as 8 m of slip. million cubic meters triggered from steep to perhaps 75,000 km2 (Keefer, 1984,

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 5 Palmer, Alaska, ~250 km southwest of the fault. The pattern of landslides sug- gests that shaking levels necessary to trig- ger abundant rock falls and rock slides were focused in a narrow band centered along the fault zone rather than extend- ing radially outward for great distances. With few seismic instruments in this re- gion, the pattern of landsliding may be one of the best indicators of the pattern of ground shaking. By far the most impressive landslides were large rock avalanches that spilled onto glaciers in the Alaska Range. These were reminiscent of avalanches triggered by the 1964 M 9.2 Alaska earthquake in the Chugach Range (Tuthill and Laird, 1966). All of the 2002 avalanches were located along the fault rupture between the first and second subevents. The Figure 2. McGinnis Peak landslides. Two huge rock avalanches originated from different flanks largest of these, the McGinnis Peak land- of McGinnis Peak. The avalanche to the right (red arrow denoting head scarp) is composed slide (scar shown by arrow in Fig. 2), in- 3 mainly of rock and is ~40 million m in volume. The runout path of this avalanche is ~10 km. volved ~40 million m3 of metamorphic The avalanche to the left (blue arrow denoting head scarp) has more ice and snow included rock and 10% glacial ice that collapsed within the avalanche debris. The landslides converged in the lower left part of the photo (J), and the avalanche on the left continued down to the toe of McGinnis Glacier (T). from a southeast ridge of McGinnis Peak, struck the glacier below the rock face, and then flowed ~10 km down the 2002). In this earthquake, the majority of landslides clustered in glacier (Fig. 2). About 7 km into its travel path, the avalanche a narrow band ~30 km wide that straddles the fault for more debris followed a turn of ~70° in the glacier valley and ran up than 300 km (Fig. 1). Only a few rock falls were found at on the valley walls on the outside of the turn 60–80 m, indicat- greater distances from the fault, despite the fact that highly sus- ing a high velocity of movement. Snow 50–70 m high on valley ceptible, steep slopes of intensely fractured rock are abun- walls was covered with dust, suggesting that the landslide gen- dantly present beyond the observed 15 km limit on each side erated a thick dust plume in front of it. Avalanches triggered by of the fault. The most distant triggered landslides we observed other earthquakes have moved at speeds of up to 250–300 km were a few scattered rock falls in the Chugach Mountains near per hour (Plafker et al., 1971). The toe of the McGinnis Peak

Figure 3. Rock avalanches deposited on the surface of the West Fork Glacier near the earthquake epicenter. “S” indicates source areas within the cirques where recent snow obscures their features. “R” indicates runout paths of the avalanche deposits.

6 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY layer of unconsolidated, water-saturated, generally small to medium sand-sized sediment during prolonged shaking in an earthquake. In liquefaction, the sedi- mentary particles in the buried layer re- orient themselves to occupy less space and force water out of pore spaces. Overlying layers that are unsaturated or more consolidated (or frozen) find them- selves rafted on a layer of liquefied soil that has little or no shear strength and become destabilized, moving downhill (lateral spreading) and fracturing to al- low the water to escape in sand boils. Liquefaction from the Denali Fault earth- quake induced debris flows, lateral- spreading failures, and sand boils. The distribution of liquefaction effects depended upon the location of suscepti- Figure 4. Deposit of one of the West Fork Glacier avalanches consisting primarily of huge ble deposits, which were mainly alluvial blocks. The block shown (with a person for scale) is ~20 m in longest dimension. deposits along the rivers in the area and also included lake-margin sediments and rock avalanche eventually butted up source areas above Black Rapids Glacier. artificial fill. Reconnaissance by air and against another similar rock and ice These fractures delineate incipient land- by driving parts of the sparse surface avalanche that was triggered from the slides even larger than those triggered in road network suggested that liquefaction southern ridge of the peak. The toe of the November 3 earthquake that may re- effects extended out from the surface this avalanche traveled another kilometer activate in future earthquakes, heavy rupture for ~100–120 km; however, this past this junction almost to the toe of rainfall, or snowmelt episodes. limit is not well determined. In addition McGinnis Glacier. This avalanche con- Two large rock avalanches were trig- to liquefaction features, soil slides and tained significantly more ice and snow, gered above the West Fork Glacier (Fig. flows were observed within fine-grained perhaps as much as 30% of the volume 3) from near-vertical slopes in two deposits along the banks of the Nelchina of the deposit. glacial cirques, shown in Figure 3. As the River south of the Glenn Highway, ~200 When we compared the runout dis- dislodged rock moved rapidly down the km from the zone of fault rupture. tance of the McGinnis Peak rock cirques, debris from the avalanche to the Liquefaction effects increased notably avalanche with those of other avalanches left in Figure 3 became airborne for a in severity and spatial extent toward the worldwide, using data from Shaller short distance as it traveled over the lat- east end of the rupture zone (Fig. 1). On (1991) and Evans and Clague (1988), we eral moraine at the edge of the valley the north side of the Alaska Range in the find that the McGinnis Peak rock and spread out as it fell onto the glacial Tanana River valley (Fig. 1), at 50–120 avalanche plots within the data cluster of surface. Parts of the lee side of this lat- km from the zone of fault rupture, we landslides similar in volume, indicating eral moraine were undisturbed by the saw extensive evidence of liquefaction that its runout distance is not excep- avalanche, indicating that at least some where fluvial deposits of sand and silt tional despite the entire runout path of the avalanche debris must have been were capped by a thin (<0.3 m) frozen being on ice. airborne to avoid impact with this part of surface layer. Liquefaction within the Several other large rock avalanches the moraine. The deposit of this Tanana River valley was widespread were triggered from granite slopes along avalanche mainly consisted of large from Fairbanks on the west to at least the south margin of the Black Rapids blocks of metamorphic rock (possibly as several hundred kilometers eastward. Glacier. The three largest of these land- much as 70% by volume); some individ- Liquefaction damage became increas- slides each had volumes of several mil- ual blocks were more than 20 m on a ingly severe to the east of Delta Junction, lion cubic meters. They cascaded down side (Fig. 4). Thicknesses of the deposits even as distance from the fault in- steep rock slopes, crossed a lateral ranged between 3 and 15 m. creased. In the Tok area, nearly every moraine at the valley’s margin, and then river bar contained extensive liquefac- spread out ~2.5 km across the glacier- LIQUEFACTION OF HOLOCENE tion effects. Farther east, for many kilo- filled valley, coming to rest against the RIVER DEPOSITS meters around the towns of Northway opposite valley wall. The deposits were Liquefaction-induced ground failures and Slana, large continuous lowland ar- uniformly thin, 2–3 m in most areas, in- were widespread throughout east-central eas of liquefaction and lateral-spread fail- cluding where the avalanche debris Alaska to distances well beyond the 15 ures were observed. Two measured tran- spread up and over a 15 m high medial km limit from the rupture that is shown sects along the Tanana River at Tetlin moraine. The earthquake opened deep by most other landslides. Liquefaction is Bridge, west of Tok, showed 3%–4% of fissures adjacent to some of the landslide a phenomenon that occurs in a buried lateral spreading of sand bars across

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 7 In the Northway area, a region of low- lands with swamps, liquefaction-related ground failures were ubiquitous. The Northway area is 130–180 km from the section of maximum displacement on the Denali Fault and ~80 km from the closest point on the Totschunda Fault rupture. Lateral spreading rendered the airport at Northway unusable. The frozen surface layer and paved runway at Northway were cut by fissures, many 10–30 cm wide with some 1 m wide or greater, spaced meters to tens of meters apart. Fractures as wide as 1 m and as long as 10 m opened along the perime- ter of the runway and vented silt, coarse to fine sand, and pebbles. Associated with the sand boils were sinkholes as much as 4 m in diameter and 1 m deep. Anecdotal reports from residents de- scribe water and soil spewing 2–4 m into Figure 5. Polygonal cracks in frozen surface of floodplain deposits of Tanana River. For several the air. Parallel and polygonal patterns of hundred kilometers along the Tanana River (here near the town of Tetlin Junction), a pattern of lateral spreads similar to those observed polygonal surface fractures defined liquefaction-induced laterally deforming ground. The polygons in the Tanana River bars were observed formed when the frozen crust (≤0.3 m thick) above liquefied ground fractured and displaced. at Northway, both in the paved runways and in the surrounding undeveloped ar- distances of 200 m (21 fissures) and 400 where the ground spread laterally toward eas. Away from the runway, houses and m (48 fissures). In some places separate the river. More commonly, the frozen structures were unseated and tilted on lateral spreads collided and their frozen ground surface displayed randomly ori- their foundations, and road settlement crusts buckled and thrust over one an- ented sublinear fissures, which formed bent and crushed drainage culverts. other, resulting in contraction of as much polygon networks that could be traced The flood plain of the Nabesna River, as 4.5 m. Parallel fissures formed locally for several kilometers (Fig. 5). 10–15 km from the eastern end of the

Figure 6. Lateral spreads and sand vents above liquefied ground at Fielding Lake Park was observed from the air and later mapped. The pattern of fissures (yellow lines) are generally across slope as ground slid toward low land areas and the lakeshore.

8 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY Totschunda Fault rupture, was cut by 40 worldwide earthquakes show that the magnitude. During the 1994 Northridge, numerous fissures, most with sand boils. distance limits from both epicenter and California, earthquake (M 6.7), accelera- In contrast to the finer-grained sediment fault-rupture zone for landslides and tions exceeded 1.0 g and triggered more (silty sand) in the Tanana River and liquefaction-induced failures are close to than 11,000 landslides with concentra- Northway regions, the liquefaction at the each other at earthquake magnitudes of tions of hundreds of slides per square Nabesna River valley was in gravelly sand. 7.5–8.5, but that landslide limits are still kilometer (Harp and Jibson, 1995). Widespread liquefaction, lateral greater than limits of liquefaction. Because the first subevent of the Denali spreading, sand boils, and submerged Further, the concentration of the large Fault earthquake was a M 7.2 thrust in ground were observed at Fielding Lake, rock avalanches near the first two the epicentral area, we would have ex- where the upper soil crust was not subevents is also in contrast with the pected to see similar landslide concen- frozen at the time of the earthquake broad eastward distribution and concen- trations there as we saw from the (Fig. 6). Structures on the spreading tration of liquefaction effects in the area Northridge earthquake. Although large ground were deformed and displaced, of the third subevent of the earthquake. rock avalanches were triggered in this including an underground septic tank In the eastern part of the area, liquefac- area, we were surprised that the overall that was buoyed to the surface, lifting tion effects were much more extensive concentrations of landslides were signifi- an outhouse. and deformation more severe than in ar- cantly lower than those triggered by the Approximately 11 km north of eas to the west near the first and second Northridge earthquake. Fielding Lake and ~500 m south of the subevents. Because the earthquake was Keefer’s (2002) relationship between fault rupture, minor damage was done to recorded by only one strong-motion in- areas affected by landslides and earth- the Alaska pipeline where the pipeline strument in the near field (Pump Station quake magnitude shows that the mean and a regulator valve sank 75 cm into ar- #10 near the fault rupture along the area affected by a M 7.9 earthquake is tificial fill that liquefied during the shak- Richardson Highway, PS-10), it is impos- ~28,000 km2. Based on the landslide dis- ing. About 300 m south of this point, sible to completely resolve these appar- tribution shown in Figure 1, the area af- there were isolated sand boils and lat- ent inconsistencies in the two distribu- fected by the November 3 earthquake eral-spreading cracks in the alluvium of tions of ground failure. However, measures only 10,000 km2. In contrast, the Delta River. preliminary analysis of teleseismic data the area affected by landslides triggered Concentrations and severity of lique- has allowed some insight into the prob- by the 1964 Alaska earthquake of M 9.2 faction effects were especially high over lem and some tentative explanations. was ~200,000 km2, and the farthest land- a large region near the eastern end of slides were triggered 700 km from the the ruptured Denali Fault and the Landslide Distribution epicenter (Keefer, 1984, 2002). Totschunda Fault, where the fault dis- The narrow concentration of rock falls, Few landslides were triggered west of placement was greatest (Fig. 1). rock slides, and large rock avalanches the epicenter; most of the landslides, in- In addition to liquefaction, cracking of along the fault-rupture zone suggests cluding the large rock avalanches, were ice on lakes is another measure of that the highest accelerations generated located east of the epicenter. This pattern ground shaking. A number of lakes dot from this earthquake did not extend far is clearly consistent with the propagation the region, many of which were partially from the fault zone. Failures in brittle of the second and third subevents of the frozen at the time of the earthquake. rock are sensitive to high accelerations earthquake, which were directed to the Cracking of lake ice due to ground shak- commonly within the higher frequencies east (A. Frankel, 2003, personal com- ing was prevalent over the entire region. of ground motion. Relative to other mun.). To the west of the epicenter, ar- Cracked lake ice was observed within earthquakes of comparable or lower eas of concentrated rock falls and rock 30–40 km of the fault along the western magnitudes (1987 Ecuador M 6.9; 1970 slides disappear within 30 km of the epi- part of the rupture, whereas to the east, New Guinea M 7.1; 1976 Darien, center, whereas to the southeast, the lake-ice cracking extended ~100 km Panama M 7.0; 1977 San Juan, Argentina zone of concentrated rock falls and rock away from the fault. This eastward in- M 7.4; 1970 Peru M 7.9) for which land- slides extends more than 300 km. crease resembles the regional pattern of slide concentrations have been mea- All of the largest landslides clustered liquefaction. sured or estimated (Keefer, 1993) the near the first two subevents, suggesting Denali earthquake had significantly that this was the area of strongest shak- COMPARISON OF LANDSLIDE AND lower concentrations of rock falls and ing. These two subevents contained the LIQUEFACTION DISTRIBUTION rock slides. Lower concentrations of rock largest accelerations of the earthquake WITH STRONG-MOTION CHARAC- falls and rock slides suggest that the record (Frankel et al., 2002). The M 7.2 TERISTICS OF THE EARTHQUAKE earthquake shaking was deficient in thrust that formed the first subevent may Both landslides and liquefaction ef- high-frequency energy and high peak have played a major role in the trigger- fects from the Denali Fault earthquake accelerations. The maximum recorded ing of large rock avalanches, because occur within the 30-km-wide zone that acceleration (which is still being confirmed; thrust events generally have higher-fre- parallels the fault rupture, but liquefac- C. Stephens, 2003, personal commun.) of quency ground motion and higher accel- tion effects also extend significantly out- 0.34–0.40 g (PS-10) 3 km north of the erations than strike-slip events of similar side this zone, a relationship that is un- fault rupture along the Richardson magnitudes. Farther to the east, the usual for ground-failure distributions in Highway is a fairly modest peak absence of large avalanches of rock or earthquakes. Keefer’s (1984) data from acceleration for an earthquake of this snow near where the third subevent

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 9 began suggests that shaking levels were • The accelerations generated by the Sherrod, B., Sieh, K., Sitar, N., and Wallace, W.K., 2003, The 2002 Denali Fault earthquake, Alaska: A large magni- too low. earthquake were only moderate in tude, slip-partitioned event: Science, p. 1113–1118. amplitude for a magnitude 7.9 event. Evans, S.G., and Clague, J.J., 1988, Catastrophic rock Distribution of Liquefaction Effects The maximum recorded acceleration avalanches in glacial environments, in Bonnard, C., ed., The increase in liquefaction effects to Landslides—Glissements de terrains: Proceedings, 5th was 0.33–0.40 g. International Symposium of Landslides, Lausanne, v. 2, the east stands in contrast to the pattern • Acceleration levels high enough to p. 1153–1159. of landslides. We attribute this contrast to trigger concentrated rock falls and Frankel, A.D., Biswas, N.N., Martirosyan, A.H., Dutta, U., the fact that landslides and liquefaction and McNamara, D.E., 2002, Rupture process of the M 7.9 rock slides extended relatively short Denali Fault, Alaska, earthquake determined from strong- effects are sensitive to different ground- distances, ~15 km, from the zone of motion recordings: Eos (Transactions, American shaking parameters. Failures in brittle Geophysical Union) ’83 (47), Fall Meeting Supplement fault rupture. Abstract no. S72F-1340. rock are sensitive to high accelerations • The lack of extreme concentrations Harp, E.L., and Jibson, R.W., 1995, Inventory of landslides commonly within the higher frequencies of rock falls and rock slides within triggered by the 1994 Northridge, California, earthquake: of ground motion. Small rock failures the epicentral area and the near field U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 95-213, 18 p. can be created with extremely short du- Keefer, D.K., 2002, Investigating landslides caused by earth- of the earthquake suggest that high quakes—A historical review: Surveys in Geophysics, v. 23, rations of high accelerations. frequencies and attendant high accel- no. 6, p. 473–510. Liquefaction-induced failure of saturated erations were missing from this earth- Keefer, D.K., 1993, The susceptibility of rock slopes to sediments is often more responsive to earthquake-induced failure: Bulletin of the Association of quake. Engineering Geologists, v. XXX, no. 3, p. 353–361. shaking duration than to short pulses of • The clustering of large rock Keefer, D.K., 1984, Landslides caused by earthquakes: high acceleration. The liquefaction pro- avalanches within the area of the first Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 95, p. 406–421. cess is highly sensitive to repetitive cy- two subevents of the earthquake is Kikuchi, M., and Yamanaka, Y., 2002, Source rupture pro- cesses of the central Alaska earthquake of Nov. 3, 2002, cles of shear strain (Seed and Lee, 1966). consistent with these subevents con- inferred from teleseismic body waves (the 10/23 M6.7 To liquefy, saturated sand, silt, or gravel taining the highest accelerations of event), Earthquake Information Center Seismological Note, no. 129, http://wwweic.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/EIC/EIC_News/ requires multiple cycles of shear strain to the earthquake record. No large 021103AL-e.html (November 4, 2002). move the grains with respect to each avalanches were present in the area Miller, M.L., Bradley, D.C., Bundtzen, T.K., and McClelland, other so that densification can occur and of the third subevent, which gener- W., 2002, Late Cretaceous through Cenozoic strike-slip tectonics of southwestern Alaska: The Journal of Geology, pressurize the interstitial water. Thus, it is ated high displacements associated v. 110, p. 247–270. not surprising that the effects of liquefac- with it but relatively lower accelera- Plafker, G., Gilpin, L.M., and Lahr, J.C., 1994, Neotectonic tion are more severe and concentrated in tions (Frankel et al., 2002). map of Alaska, in Plafker, G., and Berg, H.C., eds., The geology of Alaska: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of areas near the third subevent, because • Landslides extended only short dis- America, Geology of North America, v. G-1, Plate 12. the rupture from this subevent is much tances to the west of the epicentral Plafker, G., Hudson, T., and Richter, D.H., 1977, longer than that of the second subevent area of the earthquake, whereas to Preliminary observations on late Cenozoic displacements along the Totschunda and Denali Fault systems: U.S. (48 km vs. 27 km), and the rupture took the east, they extended for over 300 Geological Survey Circular, v. 751-B, p. B67–B69. longer, giving an expected longer dura- km along the zone of fault rupture, Plafker, G., Ericksen, G.E., and Fernández Concha, J., tion for shaking than either the first or presumably because of the eastward 1971, Geological aspects of the May 31, 1970, Peru earth- quake: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 61, second subevents (A. Frankel, 2003, per- extension of shaking that attended p. 543–578. sonal commun.). the eastward propagation of fault Seed, H.B., and Lee, K.L., 1966, Liquefaction of saturated rupture. sands during cyclic loading: Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, v. 92, no. SM6, Paper SUMMARY OF LANDSLIDE AND • Liquefaction features were observed 4972, November, p. 105–134. LIQUEFACTION DISTRIBUTION well beyond the zone of concen- Shaller, P.J., 1991, Analysis and implications of large The distributions of landslide and trated landslides, an unusual situation Martian and terrestrial landslides [Ph.D. Dissertation]: liquefaction effects triggered by the Pasadena, California, California Institute of Technology, suggesting that minimum shaking p. 586. Denali Fault earthquake of 3 November levels and duration requirements for Tuthill, S.J., and Laird, W.M., 1966, Geomorphic effects of 2002 were unusual in many aspects. liquefaction extended well beyond the earthquake of March 27, 1964, in the Martin-Bering Preliminary analysis of the strong-motion Rivers area, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Professional the zone of acceleration levels high Paper 543-B, p. 1–29. characteristics of the earthquake suggest enough to trigger rock falls and rock Manuscript submitted February 20, 2003; that the distribution of landslides is con- slides. accepted May 28, 2003. ▲ sistent with the patterns of strong shak- • The higher concentrations and sever- ing. Duration of shaking, rather than ac- ity of liquefaction effects to the east, celeration levels, may have largely in the area of the third subevent of determined the distribution and severity the earthquake, suggest that ground- of liquefaction effects. motion durations were longer in that Only one strong-motion instrument area during the earthquake, resulting (PS-10) was present to record shaking in from a longer slip event. the near field, so these distributions may provide useful insights into the spatial REFERENCES CITED variations of shaking. Several preliminary Eberhart-Phillips, D., Haeussler, P.J., Freymueller, J.T., conclusions can be drawn from the dis- Frankel, A.D., Rubin, C.M., Craw, P., Ratchkovski, N.A., Anderson, G., Carver, G.A., Crone, A.J., Dawson, T.E., tribution of landslides and liquefaction Fletcher, H., Hansen, R., Harp, E.L., Harris, R.A., Hill, D.P., effects. Hreinsdóttir, S., Jibson, R.W., Jones, L.M., Kayen, R., Keefer, D.K., Larsen, C.F., Moran, S.C., Personius, S.F., Plafker, G.,

10 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY Call for Geological Papers: 2004 GSA Section Meetings

South-Central Section March 15–16, 2004 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Abstract deadline: December 16, 2003 Information: Christopher Mathewson, Texas A&M University, Department of Geology & Geophysics, 3115 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3115, (979) 845-2488, [email protected]

Northeastern–Southeastern Sections Joint Meeting March 25–27, 2004 Hilton McLean Tyson’s Corner, Washington, D.C. Abstract deadline: December 16, 2003 Information: George Stephens, George Washington University, Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, 2029 G St., NW, Washington, D.C. 20052-0001, (202) 994-6189, [email protected]; Rick Diecchio, George Mason University, Department of Environmental Science & Policy, MS 572, 4400 University Dr., Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, (703) 993-1208, [email protected]

North-Central Section April 1–2, 2004 Millennium Hotel, St. Louis, Missouri Abstract deadline: January 6, 2004 Information: Joachim O. Dorsch, Saint Louis University, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Science, 3507 Laclede Ave., St. Louis, MO 63103-2010, (314) 977-3124, [email protected]

Rocky Mountain–Cordilleran Sections Joint Meeting May 3–5, 2004 Center on the Grove, Boise, Idaho Abstract deadline: January 27, 2004 Information: C.J. Northrup, Boise State University, Department of Geosciences, 1910 University Dr., Boise, ID 83725, (208) 426-1009, [email protected]

Attention Students! When you make plans to attend your Section’s meeting, be sure to include the Shlemon Mentor Program in your schedule. If you have questions about your career, we have the answers. You will have opportunities to chat one-on-one with practicing geoscientists over a FREE LUNCH. All Sections will feature this mentor program in their proceedings. Watch this space for dates and times for the 2004 Shlemon Mentor Programs.

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 11 New at the GSA Bookstore

Extreme depositional Mechanisms and Models,” “Marine Biotas, Environments, and environments: Mega end Climate Change,” “Continental Biotas, Environments, and Climate members in geologic Change,” and “Integrated Stratigraphic Framework.” The volume time, edited by Marjorie A. is notable in that it is broad geographically, disciplinarily, Chan and Allen W. Archer taxonomically, and temporally, with an equally impressive variety of approaches. The conference from which this volume emerged SPE370, 264 p. plus index, (“Climate and Biota of the Early Paleogene” held in Powell, ISBN 0-8137-2370-1, Wyoming, in July 2001) was the most recent in a series of CD-ROM conferences devoted to the Paleogene, all of which have had the $80.00, goal of encouraging the integration of research across the usual member price $64.00 lines of terrestrial versus marine, geochemical versus This compilation of papers paleontological, and modeling versus observational. is a synthesis of some of the largest depositional Recently Published Titles systems, designed to Paleoenvironments and paleohydrology of the Mojave and stretch our thinking Southern Great Basin Deserts, edited by Yehouda Enzel, Stephen beyond our sometimes limited uniformanitarianistic and actualistic G. Wells, and Nicholas Lancaster views. The volume attempts to explore the hows and whys of SPE368, 249 p., ISBN 0-8137-2368-X sedimentary events that exceed the present norms by as much as $80.00, member price $64.00 orders of magnitude. The papers explore a range of sedimentary processes and deposits, from the present to the past, the normal Evolution of Ridge Basin, southern California: An interplay of to the unusual, and the rare to extreme. Recognition of extreme sedimentation and tectonics, edited by John C. Crowell depositional systems allows us to better understand the range, SPE367, 247 p., ISBN 0-8137-2367-1, plates scales, and variability of the geologic record and to better isolate $80.00, member price $64.00 what the most extreme conditions, role and magnitude of processes, or controls might be. The recognition of the extreme systems, Arriving in September and understanding their controls provide insights that can be Geology of a transpressional orogen developed during ridge- used to better model geologic systems whether for understanding trench interaction along the North Pacific margin, edited by geologic history, or for predictions and practical applications of Virginia B. Sisson, Sarah M. Roeske, and Terry L. Pavlis resource exploration. SPE371, 353 p. plus index, CD-ROM, ISBN 0-8137-2371-X Causes and $90.00, member price $72.00 Consequences of Globally Evolution and dynamics of the Australian Plate, edited by Warm Climates in the R.R. Hillis and R.D. Müller Early Paleogene, edited SPE372, 430 p. plus index, ISBN 1-8137-2372-8 by Scott L. Wing, Philip D. $90.00, member price $72.00 Gingerich, Birger Schmitz, This volume is co-published simultaneously with the Geological and Ellen Thomas Society of Australia as Special Publication No. 22, Evolution and SPE369, 588 p. plus index, dynamics of the Australian Plate. ISBN 0-8137-2369-8 GSA Publication Sales $95.00, P. O. Box 9140 member price $76.00 Boulder, CO 80301-9140 This volume aims to www.geosociety.org illustrate the current state (303) 447-2020 of knowledge of the globally 1-888-443-4472 warm early Paleogene fax 303-357-1071 and to forge links among research conducted in different regions from different perspectives. Its 36 papers are organized into four sections that cover a variety Visit the GSA Bookstore at the Annual Meeting in Seattle. of aspects of the Paleogene warm climate problem: “Climate

12 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY Reminder: Neogene-Quaternary Call for Applications: Continental Margin Volcanism Apply for the GSA–USGS Congressional January 12–16, 2004 Science Fellowship for 2004–2005 Metepec (eastern slopes of Popocatépetl volcano), Opportunities to serve as a Congressional Science Fellow are rare, unique experiences. This position may be a good fit for State of Puebla, Mexico you. It will enable you to work directly with national leaders Conveners: and put your expertise and experience to work helping shape Gerardo J. Aguirre-Díaz, Centro de Geociencias, Campus science and technology policy on Capitol Hill. The Congressional Science Fellow will be selected from top UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Querétaro, 76230 México; competitors early in 2004. Successful candidates are GSA [email protected]; 52-5623-4116, ext. 107; members who possess either a: fax 52-5623-4105 • Ph.D. in the earth sciences (or a related field); or a José Luis Macías, Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Coyoacán •Master’s degree and at least five years of professional 04510, México D.F.; [email protected]; experience in the earth sciences or related field. 52-5622-4124, ext. 19; fax 52-5550-2486 If you possess this professional background, have experience Claus Siebe, Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, Coyoacán in applying scientific knowledge to societal challenges, and 04510, México D.F.; [email protected]; share a passion for helping shape the future of the geoscience 52-5622-4124, ext. 17; fax 52-5550-2486 profession, GSA invites your application. The fellowship is open to U.S. citizens or permanent residents of the U.S. Deadline to apply: January 23, 2004. Application deadline: September 1, 2003 For application information, visit Abstract deadline: September 15, 2003 www.geosociety.org/science/csf/index.htm, Registration payment due: November 1, 2003 or contact For detailed information and the application form, Ginger Williams, GSA Headquarters, visit www.geosociety.org (303) 357-1040, [email protected]. (go to “Penrose Conferences” in “Meetings & Excursions”), or e-mail the conveners. Information can also be found at http://tepetl.igeofcu.unam.mx/penrose/index.html.

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 13 7. Columbia River Basalt and Geoscience Horizons: Yakima Fold Belt [407] Thurs.–Sat., Oct. 30–Nov. 1. Stephen Reidel, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, K6-81, P.O. Box 999, Seattle 2003 Richland, WA 99352, (509) 376-9932, fax 509-376-5368, [email protected]; November 2–5, 2003 Bart Martin; Heather Petcovic. Min.: 12; Enrich Your Meeting Experience with a Field Trip max.: 22. Cost: $290 (2L, R, 2ON, vans). 8. Cretaceous to Paleogene Complete trip descriptions, registration Kevin Evans, Dept. of Geography, Cascades Arc: Structure, details, and information are in the June Geology, and Planning, Southwest Metamorphism, and Timescales issue of GSA Today and posted at www. Missouri State University, Springfield, of Magmatism, Burial, and geosociety.org. All trips begin and end at MO 65804, (417) 836-5590, fax 417- Exhumation of a Crustal the Washington State Convention and 836-6006, [email protected]; Jim Miller, Section [408] Trade Center unless otherwise indicated. Ben Dattilo. Min.: 10; max.: 30. Cost: Thurs.–Sat., Oct. 30–Nov. 1. Cosponsored $295. (3B, 3L, R, 4ON, vans). Begins and Preregistration deadline: by GSA Structural Geology and Tectonics ends in Salt Lake City, Utah. September 26 Division. Robert Miller, Dept. of Geology, Cancellation deadline: October 3 4. Tectonic Geomorphology and San Jose State University, San Jose, CA Register online: www.geosociety.org the Record of Quaternary Plate 95192-0102, (408) 924-5025, fax 408- QUESTIONS? Contact the field trip Boundary Deformation in the 924-5053, [email protected]; leader or Edna Collis, GSA Program Olympic Mountains [404] Jennifer Matzel; Scott Paterson; Harold Officer, (303) 357-1034, ecollis@ Wed.–Sat., Oct. 29–Nov. 1. Frank J. Stowell. Min.: 12; max.: 35. Cost: $305 geosociety.org. Meals and lodging are Pazzaglia, Dept. of Earth and (3L, 2D, R, 2ON, vans). noted by the following symbols: Environmental Sciences, Lehigh 9. Late Pleistocene Fluctuations of B—breakfast, L—lunch, R—refresh- University, 31 Williams, Bethlehem, the Puget and Okanogan Lobes ments, D—dinner, ON—overnight PA 18015, (610) 758-3677, fax 610- of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet: lodging. 758-3667, [email protected]; Glenn Alpine Glaciation of the North PREMEETING Thackray; Mark T. Brandon; Eric Cascades, Washington [409] McDonald; John Gosse; Karl Wegmann. Thurs.–Sat., Oct. 30–Nov. 1. Don J. 1. Island and Coastal Min.: 8; max.: 24. Cost: $525. (3B, 4L, Easterbrook, Dept. of Geology, Western Hydrogeology of Hawaii [401] 3D, R, 3ON, vans). Washington University, Bellingham, Sun.–Fri., Oct. 26–31. Stephen B. 5. Wine and Geology—The Terroir WA 98225, (360) 650-3583, fax 360- Gingerich, U.S. Geological Survey, of Washington State [405] 650-7302, [email protected]. Min.: 677 Ala Moana Blvd., #415, Honolulu, Thurs.–Fri., Oct. 30–31. Cosponsored by 12; max.: 24. Cost: $340 (3L, R, 2ON, HI 96813, (808) 587-2411, fax 808- Society of Economic Geologists. Lawrence D. mini-bus). 587-2401, [email protected]; Stephen Meinert, Dept. of Geology, Washington Wheatcraft. Min.: 10; max.: 20. Cost: 10. Engineering Geology in the State University, Pullman, WA 99164- $690. (1L, R, 5ON, vans). Begins on the Central Columbia Valley [410] 2812, (509) 335-2261, fax 509-335-7816, Big Island of Hawaii and ends on Oahu. Fri.–Sat., Oct. 31–Nov. 1. Cosponsored [email protected]; Alan J. Busacca. Min.: by GSA Engineering Geology Division. 2. Glacial Lake Missoula, Clark 12; max.: 44. Cost: $315. (2L, 2D, R, Tom Badger, Washington State Fork Ice Dam, and the Floods 1ON, bus). Outburst Area: Northern Idaho Department of Transportation, P.O. Box 6. Coastal Evolution, Dynamic and Western Montana [402] 47365, Olympia, WA 98504-7365, (360) Shoreline Processes, and Beach 709-5461, fax 360-709-5585, badgert@ Wed.–Fri., Oct. 29–31. Norman Smyers, Management Controversies of wsdot.wa.gov; Dick Galster. Min.: 12; USDA–Forest Service, Lolo National the Columbia River Littoral max.: 24. Cost: $200 (2L, R, 1ON, vans). Forest, Bldg. 24, Fort Missoula, Cell, Southwest Washington Missoula, MT 59804, (406) 329-3775, and Northern Oregon [406] 11. Regional Tertiary Sequence fax 406-329-3795, [email protected]; Stratigraphy and Regional Thurs.–Sat., Oct. 30–Nov. 1. Cosponsored Roy Breckenridge. Min.: 12; max.: 42. Structure on the Eastern Flank by GSA Sedimentary Geology Division. Cost: $290. (3L, R, 3ON, bus). Begins of the Central Cascade Range, Sandy Vanderburgh, Dept. of Geography, and ends in Spokane, Washington. Washington [411] University College of the Fraser Valley, Fri.–Sat., Oct. 31–Nov. 1. Cosponsored 3. Sequence Stratigraphy of 33844 King Road, Abbotsford, British by GSA Sedimentary Geology Division; the Sauk Sequence: 40th Columbia V2S 7M8, (604) 504-7441, ext. Northwest Geological Society. Eric S. Anniversary Field Trip 4336, fax 604-855-7558, vanderburghs@ Cheney, Dept. of Earth and Space in Western Utah [403] ucfv.bc.ca; Guy Gelfenbaum; Curt Sciences, University of Washington, Box Peterson; Harry Jol; Jim Phipps. Min.: 12; Wed.–Sat., Oct. 29–Nov. 1. Cosponsored 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, (206) max.: 40. Cost: $415 (3L, 1D, R, 2ON, bus). by GSA Sedimentary Geology Division. 543-1190, fax 206-543-0489,

14 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY [email protected]. Min.: 7; Galm; Stan Gough; Brett Lenz. Min.: 12; Derek Booth; Bill Laprade. Min.: 12; max.: 21. Cost: $245 (2L, R, 1ON, vans). max.: 38. Cost: $80 (1L, R, vans). max.: 45. Cost: $105 (1L, R, bus). 12. Biogeochemical Processes at POSTMEETING Ancient Methane Seeps: The Bear River Site in Southwestern 17. Evolution of a Polygenetic Washington [412] Ophiolite: The Jurassic Ingalls Ophiolite, Washington Sat., Nov. 1. Steven R. Benham, Dept. of Cascades [417] Field Trip Itineraries: Geosciences, Pacific Lutheran University, Wed.–Fri., Nov. 5–7. Gregory Harper, Tacoma, WA 98447, (253) 535-7378, Just a Click Away Dept. Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, fax 253-536-5055, [email protected]; Once you’ve received the confirmation of SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, (518) 442-4476, James Goedert. Min.: 12; max.: 20. your field trip registration from GSA, go to www. fax 518-442-5825, [email protected]; Cost: $125 (1L, R, vans). geosociety.org/meetings/2003/ftrip_logon. Robert Miller; Jonathan Miller. Min.: 12; asp. Use the ID number from your confirmation 13. Holocene Lahars along the max.: 30. Cost: $250 (2L, R, 2ON, vans). White River Between Mount or your e-mail address to access your trip Rainier and Seattle [413] 18. Geohydrology of the Hanford itinerary sheet(s). You can download the Nuclear Waste Site in the itineraries for the trips you’ve registered for, Sat., Nov. 1. Cosponsored by GSA South-Central Columbia and you can fill out your individual information Sedimentary Geology Division. Paul Plateau [418] sheet to submit back to GSA Headquarters. Zehfuss, Dept. of Earth and Space Wed.–Fri., Nov. 5–7. Roy E. Gephart, Sciences, University of Washington, Box Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, (206) P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, WA 543-6229, fax 206-685-2379, pzehfuss@ 99352, (509) 376-1421, fax 509-376-0846, u.washington.edu; Brian Atwater; James Paleontological Society [email protected]; Steve Reidel; Frank Vallance. Min.: 7; max.: 20. Cost: $140 Spane; Karl Fecht. Min.: 7; max.: 20. Short Course (1L, R, vans). Cost: $240 (2L, R, 2 ON, vans). Due to Bridging the Gap: Trends in Ostracode 14. Late Pleistocene Glacial security restrictions, only U.S. citizens can Biological and Geological Sciences History of Whidbey Island, enter the Hanford Site on this tour. Sat., Nov. 1, 8 a.m.–5 p.m. Sponsored by Washington [414] 19. Puget Sound Paleoseismology Paleontological Society. Sat., Nov. 1. Terry W. Swanson, [419] Quaternary Research Center and This short course is designed to bring to- Thurs.–Fri., Nov. 6–7. Brian Sherrod, U.S. Department of Earth and Space gether scientists working with ostracodes and Geological Survey, Dept. of Earth and Sciences, University of Washington, ostracode specialists who do not usually interact Space Sciences, Box 351310, University Box 351310, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, on a regular basis. An international group of 13 of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, (206) (206) 543-1923, fax 206-543-3836, scientists will present different approaches and 553-0153, fax 206-553-8350, bsherrod@ [email protected]. Min. 12; ess.washington.edu; Alan Nelson; Harvey new techniques used in ostracode studies. The max.: 44. Cost: $95 (1L, R, vans, ferry). Kelsey; Carrie Garrison-Laney. Min.: 12; goals are (1) to focus on establishing or 15. Pleistocene Tephrostratigraphy max.: 45. Cost: $170 (2L, R, vans). strengthening methodological and conceptual and Paleogeography of links between studies of living ostracodes and 20. Hydrogeology of Cascade Southern Puget Sound Near studies of fossil ostracodes of Cenozoic age, and Olympia, Washington [415] Range Volcanoes: Mount St. Helens, Mount Hood, and (2) to provide an avenue for further collabora- Sat., Nov. 1. Cosponsored by GSA Central Oregon [420] tive efforts and interdisciplinary research and Sedimentary Geology Division. Timothy J. Thurs.–Sat., Nov. 6–8. Cosponsored by education to graduate students and established Walsh, Washington DNR, Division of GSA Hydrogeology Division. Steve scientists. Geology and Earth Resources, P.O. Box Ingebritsen, U.S. Geological Survey, MS 47007, Olympia, WA 98504-7007, (360) Faculty: Lisa Park and Alison Smith. No fee or 439, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo 902-1432, fax 360-902-1432, tim.walsh@ registration required. Information: Lisa Park, Park, CA 94025, (650) 329-4422, fax wadnr.gov; Robert L. Logan; Michael Department of Geology, University of Akron, 650-329-4463, [email protected]; Polenz; Marvin A. Lanphere; Thomas W. 252 Buchtel Commons, Akron, OH 44325-4101, Terry Keith; Michael Manga; Larry Sisson. Min.: 7; max.: 20. Cost: $210 (1L, (330) 972-7630, fax 330-972-7611, lepark@ Mastin. Min.: 12; max.: 40. Cost: $370 R, vans). uakron.edu. (2B, 3L, 2D, R, 2ON, vans). 16. Recent Geoarchaeological 21. Quaternary Geology of Seattle Discoveries in Central PS Members Take Note! Washington [416] [421] Paleontological Society Reception, Luncheon, Sat., Nov. 1. Cosponsored by GSA Thurs., Nov. 6. Cosponsored by GSA Awards, and Business Meeting Archaeological Geology Division. Gary Quaternary Geology and Geomorphology Huckleberry, Dept. of Anthropology, Division. Kathy Goetz Troost, Dept. of Mon., Nov. 3, 11:30 a.m.–5:30 p.m. See on-site Washington State University, Pullman, Earth and Space Sciences, University of program for location. Cost: $38 for professionals; Washington, Box 351310, Seattle, WA WA 99164-4910, (509) 335-4807, fax $15 for students. 509-335-3999, [email protected]; Jerry 98195-1310, (206) 616-9769, fax 206- 543-8954, [email protected];

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 15 environments and he defined them by unique fossil assemblages. Many of these studies were the basis for a series of Kansas Geological Society field confer- ences in the 1930s, a summary publica- ROCK STARS tion on the Pennsylvanian of Kansas in 1936, and the revised and updated geo- logical map of Kansas, published in 1937 with co-author Kenneth K. Landes. His Raymond Cecil flair for organization and technicalities was evident with these activities as he Moore: A Great coerced and cajoled his colleagues into a uniform stratigraphic code for the 20th Century Midcontinent. (He later showed these same abilities as chairman of the U.S. Geological Synthesizer Committee on Stratigraphic Nomenclature and the Committee on Daniel F. Merriam, Kansas Geological Zoological Nomenclature.) Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Moore envisioned individual cy- Kansas 66047, USA clothems to consist of genetically related units, that is, a succession of sediment R.C. Moore (1892–1974), administrator, types deposited in a shallow epiconti- researcher, teacher, world-class stratigra- nental sea by a single advance and re- pher and paleontologist, linguist, and treat of the sea. He extended the original artist—a man of many talents—was born concepts of J.A. Udden and J.M. Weller 20 February 1892 in Roslyn, Washington, on cyclothems to a bundle of related cy- in the Wenatchee Mountains. The eldest clothems (usually five, each represented of four children born to Bernard Harding by the culminating marine limestone Moore, a Baptist minister of Irish de- separated by thick nonmarine clastics), scent, and Winifred Denney of Elk Falls, which he termed a “megacyclothem.” Kansas, Moore was educated at Denison Moore noted testily: University (Ohio) and granted an A.B. The notion that any geologist seriously degree with honors in the classics in challenges the existence of many orderly 1913. At Denison, he was introduced to successions of lithologically (and pale- ontologically) differing sorts of rock lay- geology by the learned geologist Frank ers in the Pennsylvanian-Permian part of Carney and was such a good student the geologic column of Kansas and that he was hired to teach geology his other regions seems preposterous, un- senior year while Carney was on leave. less excuse is made for such a geologist Moore continued his studies in geol- that he is grossly uninformed of field facts. (Moore and Merriam, 1959, p. 46) ogy at the University of Chicago and was awarded a doctorate (summa cum laude) Moore used a rather elaborate classifi- three years later for his dissertation on R.C. Moore dressed for fieldwork in the early cation for the genetic units based on a 1930s. the Early Mississippian formations of decimal-type system. He believed this Missouri, supervised by Stuart Weller. His as chairman of the department (Merriam, classification was necessary because the education at Chicago included instruc- 1975, 2002; Maples and Buchanan, 1989). genetic units (cyclothems) could not be tion from the giants of the day—Weller, Almost immediately, Moore turned mapped easily and there would be no Thomas C. Chamberlain, Samuel W. his attention to refining the Permo- ambiguity with rock units using such a Williston, and Rollin D. Salisbury. On Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of the dual classification. He envisioned a simi- completion of his studies at Chicago Midcontinent. His attention to detail al- lar scheme for his megacyclothems, but in 1916, he was hired as an assistant pro- lowed him to correlate individual beds neither scheme was adopted by other fessor of geology at the University of as thin as 5 cm from Nebraska south- field geologists. Kansas and also state geologist and ward to Oklahoma; his measured sec- Using his extensive background in director of the State Geological Survey tions are impeccable. From this detail, Permo-Pennsylvanian stratigraphy of of Kansas. Moore replaced W.H. he was able to formulate his ideas on the Midcontinent and Kansas in particu- Twenhofel, who left for the University cyclic sedimentation and “genetic stratig- lar, Moore took an integral part in the of Wisconsin after having been state ge- raphy,” as he phrased it, a forerunner discussions of the 1940s concerning ologist for just one year. Twenhofel had of what we know today as sequence rock cycles and facies as did L.L. Sloss, replaced the retiring Erasmus “Daddy” stratigraphy. He was particularly inter- W.C. Krumbein, E.C. Dapples, H.R. Haworth, although Haworth continued ested in the succession of depositional Wanless, and J.M. Weller. In 1949, Sloss,

16 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY Krumbein, and Dapples defined se- He later pioneered the use of ecological quence in its modern sense as the rock communities (ecosystems) to help un- sequence or operational unit between derstand cyclothems. Based on his ex- operational datum horizons (unconfor- tensive field work in the Kansas Permo- mities) in the Paleozoic of the mid- Pennsylvanian section, he identified and American craton and named the inter- described 20 representative ecologic vals. These sequences correspond communities (Moore, 1964). He con- approximately timewise (in a strati- cluded that (1) many different paleo- graphic sense) to Joseph Barrell’s major biotopes could be distinguished, and (2) depositional cycle (1917), M.K. Elias’ these communities could be used to test grand cycle (1936), and P.D. Krynine’s the paleoecological interpretation of tectonic cycle (1941). Moore suggested cyclically arranged sedimentary deposits. the term “magnacycle” to describe these This was Moore’s last contribution to the large cycles, but it was never accepted, subject, albeit an important one. and sequence prevailed. Moore had a steel-trap mind and total Moore entered the arena on facies in recall so that he never forgot a person, 1949 with his defining paper “Meaning detail, or place. He could identify a per- of Facies” as an introduction to the son from his past with complete confi- Geological Society of America’s Memoir dence, recall an event, or locate an out- 39. In this paper, he sought to clarify the crop measured decades before; he had use of terms and classification for the an uncanny sense of time and place. The description of variations that characterize thoroughness and orderliness of his le- cyclic sediments, especially in Permo- galistic mind with which he outlined the Pennsylvanian units of the Midcontinent. stratigraphy of Kansas is obvious, as his R.C. Moore in the field in 1962.

classification stands today—essentially unchanged—as he pro- posed it. As the stratigraphic and sedimentological framework took form, he focused his attention on invertebrate paleontol- ogy. He showed his versatility in the subject by working with flora as well as fauna, particularly with corals, crinoids, gas- tropods, and bryozoans. His paleontological work culminated in the classic and yet-used textbook Invertebrate Fossils pub- lished in 1952 with co-authors C.G. Lalicker and A.G. Fischer. His lasting contribution was in the conception, organization, and implementation of the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. This gigantic undertaking was envisioned by Moore as early as 1948, with the first volume appearing in 1953. This ongoing synthesis rivals in scope Alexander von Humboldt’s nineteenth century Cosmos, Carl Linnaeus’ eigh- teenth century Systema Naturae, and Count de Buffon’s Histoire Naturelle. The list of services to Moore’s chosen profession is almost endless as are his contributions to the Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, and State of Kansas. He served as state geologist and director of the State Geological Survey of Kansas from 1916 to 1954 and as principal geologist thereafter. He was chairman of the Department of Geology on three separate oc- casions (1920–1939, 1940–1941, 1952–1954) and was named one of the first four distinguished professors of the university in 1958; he was accorded emeritus status in 1962. Of the many honors and awards he received during his ca- reer, Moore was most proud that in 1973, the new Kansas Geological Survey building on (KU’s) Campus West was named in his honor. He was recognized by many organizations, in- cluding his alma mater (Denison), the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Paleontological Society, Academie Royale de Advancing sea at Lawrence, Kansas, in Pennsylvanian time (sketch by Belgique, Geological Society of London, National Academy of R.C. Moore).

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 17 Sciences, and SEPM (Society for edge of his own worth.” But Moore did Sedimentary Geology). He served as have a wily sense of humor, and as an an officer or on committees for many example, named the Aarde Shale in of these organizations. Two honors 1932 for a farm in east-central Kansas that he would have cherished but that just to assure that his proposed name eluded him were election to the was the first term in the stratigraphic National Academy of Sciences and the lexicon—and it is. Inwardly, he was a Penrose Medal from the Geological good and caring person but, unfortu- Society of America. nately, he did not know how to show “Ol’ Professor Ray Moore” was im- affection. He mellowed considerably in mortalized in a Pogo comic strip his later years and to some, at least, he telling about the mythical bird, was a valued friend and ally. Jayhawkornis kansasensis. He lived to Although his personal life remained read his obituary after an incident on private, it probably was not a very the Colorado River in which the fa- happy one, and family contacts were mous 1923 Birdseye River mapping minimal. He was married twice and had expedition was assumed lost after a a daughter by his first wife. He died in flash flood. At 51, he volunteered for Lawrence, Kansas, on 16 April 1974 at active military service in WWII and the age of 82 while editing his beloved later served as a consultant to General Treatise. He willed his estate to the Douglas MacArthur in Japan. He was University of Kansas and the Geological fluent in French, German, and Dutch Society of America for continued sup- and conversant in several other lan- port of the Treatise—his lasting legacy. guages; he was also a talented artist. Raymond Cecil Moore was the consum- Without doubt, he could have been mate and committed scholar. successful in any field he chose. References Cited Moore was an ambitious person Maples, C.G., and Buchanan, R.C., 1989, Raymond Cecil with definite objectives. Outwardly, he Moore (1892–1974): Memorial and bibliography: Lawrence, Kansas, Journal of Paleontology, v. 63, 29 p. was a cold and demanding person. In Merriam, D.F., 1975, Obituary for Raymond Cecil Moore: his younger days, he treated col- Geological Society of London, Annual Report 1974, leagues with indifference, and he had p. 42–43. zero tolerance for incompetence. He Merriam, D.F., 2002, Exploring for petroleum in the Flatlands: History of oil and gas exploration in Kansas: was astringent and, as a result, per- Oil-Industry History, v. 3, no. 1, p. 56–71. haps unknowingly, made many pro- Moore, R.C., 1964, Paleoecological aspects of Kansas fessional enemies. This gruff treatment Pennsylvanian and Permian cyclothems, in Merriam, D.F., ed., Symposium on Cyclic Sedimentation: Lawrence, of friends and colleagues alike was, in Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 169, his opinion, for their own good and p. 285–380. was meant to correct their deficien- Moore, R.C., and Merriam, D.F., 1959, Kansas field confer- ence, 1959: Kansas Geological Survey Guidebook, 55 p. cies. W.W. Hambleton described “Rock Stars” is produced by the GSA History of Geology Moore in these words: “He possessed Division. Editorial Committee: Robert Dott, Robert a large ego or, perhaps more appropri- Ginsburg (editor of this profile), Gerard Middleton, Peter ately, was comfortable in his knowl- von Bitter, and E.L. (Jerry) Winterer. ACS PRF GRANTS AVAILABLE

The American Chemical Society (ACS) and the Petroleum Research Fund (PRF) announce a matching grants program to help support year-long, full-time, research sabbaticals for U.S. faculty from non–Ph.D. granting departments (including two- and four-year institutions). Grants can provide up to $45,000 in faculty salary and qualified benefits and up to $5,000 in reloca- tion and research expenses for a faculty member’s sabbatical year. Details on elegibilty and application materials are posted at http://chemistry.org/prf. For more information, contact a PRF Program Officer at [email protected] or (202) 872-4481. Deadline for submission: September 5, 2003

18 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY Last Chance to Vote! ATTENTION Voting Members: Vote by: Sept. 4, 2003 The success of GSA depends on the work of the elected of- ficers who serve on its Executive Committee and Council. Make your wishes for GSA known by voting. You should have received a postcard in July with instruc- tions on how to access a secure Web site and your elec- tronic ballot listing officer nominees for 2004 and councilor nominees for the term 2004 to June 2007. Biographical in- formation on each candidate also is available on the site. If you did not receive these instructions, or if you need pa- per copies of the ballot or candidate information, contact GSA Sales & Service, (303) 447-2020, option 3, 1-888-443-4472, or [email protected].

Your vote is vital to GSA! Please take a few minutes and vote today. Ballots must be submitted electronically or postmarked by September 4, 2003.

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 19 GSA Fellows Elected by Council on May 3, 2003

Teofilo A. (Jun) Abrajano Jr. professional activities, teaching, publications, and Professor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute organization of scientific meetings and field excursions. The Society has benefited greatly from his active participation in Teofilo (Jun) Abrajano Jr. was elected to GSA Fellowship for the GSA Coal Geology Division. his sustained contributions to research and education in geology and geochemistry. He has conducted innovative James L. Carew research on a wide range of topics, including mantle petrology, Professor, College of Charleston noble metal sulfide ore paragenesis, nuclear waste glass Elected in recognition of his 30-year career as a college- corrosion, low-temperature geochemistry, isotope level educator of geologists, his outstanding publication biogeochemistry, and environmental geochemistry. He also record in carbonate geology, and his dedicated service to has developed interdisciplinary degree programs in the profession in a wide variety of ways. environmental science at two major universities. Donald R. Chesnut Jr. Ariel Anbar Geologist and Paleontologist, Kentucky Geological Survey Assistant Professor, University of Rochester Donald Chesnut was a research geologist at the Kentucky Elected to Fellowship as the 2002 Young Scientist (Donath) Geological Survey for 20 years and currently teaches Medalist. paleontology at the University of Kentucky. He published 22 Asish R. Basu reports for the Kentucky Geological Survey, including one Professor, University of Rochester bulletin on the stratigraphy of the eastern Kentucky Coal Field that is considered a milestone. While at the survey, he made a Elected for fundamental contributions to our understanding number of discoveries in paleontology, including a rare of the geochemistry and isotopic composition of mantle Pennsylvanian insect wing, tetrapod trackway, and previously peridotites, mantle plumes, and flood basalts. unknown plant fossils. He made significant contributions to Victoria C. Bennett the stratigraphic nomenclature for the Pennsylvanian of Fellow, Australian National University eastern Kentucky and the deposition of coal-bearing rocks. Elected for her innovative contributions to understanding Vincent S. Cronin the nature of early Earth, evolution of crust-mantle systems, Associate Professor, Baylor University lithospheric structure, and the geochemistry of mantle plumes. Elected for outstanding effort at promoting ethical behavior Marcia G. Bjornerud in our profession through example, teaching, and work with Professor and Chair, Lawrence University GSA divisions. Elected for contributions to structural geology, in the field Ralph K. Davis and in theory. Professor, University of Arkansas Kenneth R. Bradbury Elected for contributions to the science and profession, Research Hydrogeologist and Professor, Wisconsin Ralph Davis has served the public in scientific management of Geological and Natural History Survey the water resource and has enhanced the science of the water resource. He has, more uniquely, contributed to the In addition to his more than 20 years of professional understanding and management of tribal water resources by experience, Ken Bradbury has contributed substantially to working with tribal leaders over several decades. His our understanding of the hydrogeology of fractured rock, publication record reflects the dual nature of his scientific glacial deposits, and groundwater recharge through a research with traditional journal articles and refereed reports combination of field research and numerical modeling. He prepared for proprietary agencies on research under contract. has mentored numerous graduate students, successfully He has contributed to the training of students by teaching, and administered hydrogeology research programs at the supervision and funding of student research. He has been Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, and active in the profession, serving in elected positions and on contributed to public service through public presentations, committees. editorial responsibilities, and service to the GSA Hydrogeology Division. Joseph J. Donovan Associate Professor, West Virginia University John H. Calder Geologist, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources Elected for significant contributions to the field of hydrogeology through his applied research with the Montana John Calder has made, and continues to make, tremendous Bureau of Mines and Geology, as a hydrogeology consultant, contributions to the science of coal geology through his

20 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY and in the last decade, with his research as an associate widely used computer code for modeling groundwater professor of geology at West Virginia University. He has systems today. Hill has an outstanding publication record that published significant research papers, mentored and taught a documents her model development and her expertise in the large number of students, and is currently in charge of application of groundwater models to understand complex hydrology for the West Virginia Water Research Institute. systems. She has contributed to the training of students Recently, he has worked with underground flow in manmade through teaching, mentoring, and lecturing activities. In aquifers that are a result of coal mining and produce and addition, she has been active in professional societies, serving discharge acid drainage. These include aquifers developed as the Darcy Lecturer of the Association of Ground Water within both “spoil” deposits of waste rock and subsided Scientists and Engineers. underground mines. He is one of few workers in the field of hydraulics and flow/transport processes of such aquifers. His Russell J. Jacobson primary research focus is to understand the relationship Geologist and Acting Head, Coal Section, Illinois State between subsurface flow and geochemical phenomena that Geological Survey operate at relatively slow rates. Russell Jacobson has expanded geologic knowledge by authoring or co-authoring more than 35 peer-reviewed articles Robert F. Dymek and maps on the geology, stratigraphy, and coal resources of Professor, Washington University Illinois. In cooperation with representatives of the Indiana and Robert Dymek is an outstanding and highly productive Kentucky Geological Surveys, he has helped the three surveys scientist who has made important contributions to mineralogy agree on a common set of stratigraphic terms for the and petrology as a professor and as an editor of a premier Pennsylvanian rocks of the Illinois Basin. He has contributed journal. extensively to the ISGS’s programs to expand the awareness of teachers and the general public about the influences of Lucy E. Edwards geology and geological processes in their daily lives by Research Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey leading geology field trips for the general public, participating Elected for her research contributions in quantitative in workshops for teachers in Illinois, and, during his vacations, biostratigraphy and graphic correlation, dinoflagellate organizing and leading expeditions in which public biostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of aquifer systems; for her participants excavate dinosaur bones and other fossils. commitment to the teaching of stratigraphy; and for her Jiu Jimmy Jiao dedicated and inspirational service to the professional Assistant Professor, University of Hong Kong organizations of the American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists and of the North American Commission of Elected for his significant contributions to many aspects of Stratigraphic Nomenclature. hydrogeology, engineering geology, and their intersection. His work in quantitative analysis of coastal groundwater Graham E. Fogg systems is particularly noteworthy. Professor, University of California at Davis William C. Johnson Elected for his contributions to developing our Professor, University of Kansas understanding of groundwater flow, dispersion and transport heterogeneous hydrogeological systems; for his studies Elected for his seminal research on the Quaternary developing methodologies to quantify heterogeneous systems; stratigraphy of the central Great Plains and for his service for his services in higher education; and for his public to the public and profession. outreach, including presenting GSA’s 2002 Birdsall-Dreiss lectures. Timothy F. Lawton Professor, New Mexico State University Jay M. Gregg Tim Lawton is an intellectual leader in studies of foreland Gulf Oil Foundation Professor and Chair, University of sedimentation and inversion tectonics, and his recognition of Missouri—Rolla an exposed salt weld in Mexico has provided an outcrop Elected for his outstanding and continuing research example of structural relations otherwise only imaged in the contributions to the understanding of the origin of Dolomite, subsurface by seismic reflection. He is past chair of the GSA fluid-flow in the crust, and the formation of Mississippi Valley Sedimentary Geology Division. Type lead zinc deposits worldwide. Daniel R. Lux Mary C. Hill Professor, University of Maine Research Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey Daniel Lux is elected for his outstanding contributions to Elected for significant contributions to the field of understanding the thermal and compositional evolution of hydrogeology. With collaborators, she has written several the continental crust through research into the timing of codes that enhance or are incorporated into the current deformation and metamorphism, as well as the petrogenesis version of MODFLOW to overcome problems of parameter estimation and sensitivity analysis. MODFLOW is the most continued on page 22

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 21 With the help of two other Fellows or one Fellow and one member, you can nominate a colleague for GSA Fellowship. For details and a form, GSA please see www.geosociety.org/members/fellow.htm, Fellows or inquire via [email protected], 800-472-1988, ext. 1017, or (303) 357-1017.

continued from page 21 participate in national and international symposia on of igneous rocks. In addition, his impact on geology basement tectonics and has a solid record of publishing in extends to his classes, where many Saturdays are spent world-class journals. The significant impact of his research has bringing introductory students into the field where they can been recognized and featured in articles in GSA Today and appreciate the importance of our science firsthand. Geotimes. Harmon D. Maher Jr. William F. McDonough Professor, University of Nebraska—Omaha Associate Professor, University of Maryland Elected for contributions to southern Appalachian and William McDonough is an outstanding petrologist and Spitsbergen geology. geochemist who has made, and continues to make, strong contributions to our knowledge of continental lithosphere and Rolfe D. Mandel upper mantle. Project Coordinator, Geoarchaeology Research Program, Kansas Geological Survey E. Donald McKay Principal Scientist, Illinois State Geological Survey Rolfe Mandel has published a number of papers in respected journals on topics ranging from landscape evolution Elected for his 28-year geological career, mainly managing to geoarchaeology. His papers form the foundation for current an interdisciplinary geological research and service group, his understanding of stream behavior in the central Great Plains, admirable publication record, but most notably for and he is a recognized international authority on the implementing GIS technology into the field of geology. geoarchaeology of caves and river valleys. James F. Miller Royal H. Mapes Professor, Southwest Missouri State University Professor, Ohio University Elected for his pioneering studies on the systematics and Royal Mapes’ paleontological research and his world-class biostratigraphy of Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician paleontological collections are significant scientific conodonts, for his long-term involvement and leadership of achievements. He has instructed and trained hundreds of the International Working Group on the Cambrian- students and has been a key factor for bringing many of them Ordovician Boundary, sponsored by the Commission on into the field of geology. He has an extensive record of Stratigraphy, and for his dedication and commitment to administration, service, and editorial endeavors both within undergraduate geology education. Ohio University where he has taught since 1978 as well as Isabel P.Montanez within the geological community at large. Professor, University of California at Davis Stephen J. Martel Elected for her outstanding and continuing contributions to Associate Professor, University of Hawai'i understanding the history of the atmosphere and oceans Elected in recognition of his contributions to understanding through geochemical studies. how fractures and faults grow, and for public service to the Donald W. Neal earth sciences and general community. Associate Professor, East Carolina University John H. McBride Donald Neal has a distinguished career as an educator and Professor, Brigham Young University has provided much service to geological professional John McBride is an internationally known geologist and organizations. He has trained many geology students since geophysicist and an authority in the field of seismic reflection 1979 and has a long history of service to professional societies geophysics. He is frequently asked to convene and/or starting with NAGT in 1979. He also has been and/or is

22 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY currently an officer in GSA, SEPM, and Sigma Gamma Epsilon. support of geology and the outstanding geologic work he has He is current National President of SGE. done professionally. Kentucky Governor Paul Patton appointed him to the Board of Registration for Professional Geologists W. John Nelson because of his stature in the state with regard to geology. He Senior Geologist, Illinois State Geological Survey has held national and sectional offices in the American Institute W. John Nelson is an outstanding field geologist and a of Professional Geologists, and contributes his time and talents recognized authority on the structural and stratigraphic for the benefit of the science. framework of the Midcontinent U.S. He is often called upon John W. Robinson to apply his expertise to help solve geologic problems in Geologic Consultant Illinois and surrounding states. His productivity and thoroughness are exceptional as is well illustrated by his John Robinson has 28 years of successful petroleum industry publication record. experience and is a recognized leader in petroleum geology and stratigraphy of the Rocky Mountain region. He has been D. Kirk Nordstrom involved in exploration and development of several giant gas Research Scientist, U.S. Geological Survey fields, and is regarded as an expert on gas-productive fluvial D. Kirk Nordstrom has made significant contributions to the reservoirs. The quality of his research has been recognized by field of aqueous geochemistry and hydrology through his best paper awards, both verbal and written, and by leadership research on interdisciplinary problems and mentoring and rolls in election as RMAG president (2002), and SEPM (RMS) advising students. He is well known for using field, laboratory, president (1997). and modeling approaches to understand the fate and transport Donald T. Rodbell of toxic metals in the environment. His contributions to Associate Professor, Union College understanding the problems associated with acid mine drainage have provided the science to support decisions that Don Rodbell has contributed substantially to our state and federal agencies make for remedial actions. His understanding of glacial geology and climate change in South expertise is sought nationally and internationally on issues America, including late Quaternary variation in El Niño related to radioactive waste disposal and evaluating mine- Southern oscillation. As an associate professor, he is training impacted sites. the next generation of geoscientists involved in Quaternary studies. Brenda Pierce Program Coordinator, Roberta L. Rudnick Energy Resources Program, U.S. Geological Survey Professor, University of Maryland Elected for contributions to coal geology, including Roberta Rudnick is a star in research on the composition important landmark research, management of projects both and evolution of continental lithosphere. She integrates diverse nationally and internationally, and the development and observations from geology, geophysics, and geochemistry to coordination of energy-related research. Pierce has organized create coherent models of the formation of continental and participated in a number of GSA Coal Geology Division lithosphere and the generation and flow of heat from the crust activities including symposia, workshops, and fieldtrips, and and mantle. Her work is characterized by intensive has served as division chair. collaboration with students and other colleagues; nevertheless, her leadership, independence, and originality are clear. André Pugin Geologist, Illinois State Geological Survey Leslie F. Ruppert Geologist, U.S. Geological Survey André Pugin is an outstanding scientist who possesses an extremely rare, if not unique, combination of skills that Leslie Ruppert has contributed a great deal to our current include field seismic data acquisition and design, data understanding of coal formation and coal properties. This processing applications and design, and skillful geological contribution has come in the form of very excellent individual interpretation. He has applied training and experience in and collaborative research and also from a project managerial glacial sedimentology and geophysics from his research in standpoint. Her dedication and commitment to GSA has been Europe, Asia, and Canada to acquiring shallow high-resolution nothing short of exemplary. seismic reflection profiles that have provided important new Ira D. Sasowsky insights on Quaternary and groundwater geology in Illinois and on neotectonic structures in the Mississippian Embayment Associate Professor, University of Akron region of southern Illinois and western Kentucky. Ira Sasowsky has made broad-based contributions to the hydrogeology profession and the science. With extensive Larry R. Rhodes experience in applied and basic science, he has published his President, Rhodes Incorporated results in many major journals. His students have followed his Larry Rhodes is a registered professional geologist in several lead and, in many cases, his passion for speleology, as states and has worked diligently for professional recognition of demonstrated by their publications and careers. He has been the geology profession. He is well known in Kentucky for his continued on page 24

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 23 continued from page 23 of Mines as an adjunct professor for 10 years and has taught short courses for professionals in many venues, including heavily involved in professional work including editing of Indonesia. He has been appointed to the Colorado Oil and books and symposium proceedings, serving on committees, Gas Conservation Commission since 1997, and has been chair and was responsible for converting The Hydrogeologist to an since 1999. He is currently president-elect of AAPG. electronic format, making the GSA Hydrogeology Division an innovator and saving thousands of dollars in publishing costs. Howard J. Spero He continues his broad contributions as represented by his Professor, University of California at Davis active involvement in GSA, AAPG, AGWSE, AGU, IUS, NSS, BCRA, and other professional organizations while continuing Elected for significant contributions toward understanding an active research program and teaching students. the geochemistry and biology of foraminifera and resulting advances in paleoceanography, paleobiology, and Earth Jane Selverstone history. Professor, University of New Mexico Pål (Paul) Wessel Elected in recognition of important scientific contributions to Professor, University of Hawai'i the fields of metamorphic petrology, tectonics, and the application of petrology and geochemistry to tectonic Elected in recognition for his contributions to the earth problems, excellence in teaching, and service to the sciences in using gravity and topography data to determine profession. and refine plate motion models and for the development and maintenance of free software for map making and data William W. Shilts analysis. Chief, Illinois State Geological Survey Donna L. Whitney William Shilts is elected based on his long career and Associate Professor, University of Minnesota significant contributions, primarily in environmental geochemistry, glacial sedimentology and stratigraphy, Donna Whitney has established herself as one of the most geological mapping, drift mineralogy, and mineral prominent metamorphic geologists in the U.S. through her prospecting in glaciated terrain. Since becoming chief of the high-quality research and innovative approaches ranging from Illinois State Geological Survey in 1995, he has had a large advances in the determination of P-T-t paths to analysis of impact on the direction, operations, and philosophy of the garnet microcracking. Her publication record is large and organization, particularly increasing awareness by state and broad and demonstrates her scientific qualities and talents. She federal lawmakers that geological mapping is needed to has received several important honors, including a address critical water and mineral resource, environmental, Distinguished Lectureship from the Mineralogical Society of and earth-hazard issues. America and the association of Women Geoscientists. She also received the prestigious McKnight Professorship from the Bruce M. Simonson University of Minnesota for her research achievements and Professor, Oberlin College potential. Bruce Simonson started as an igneous petrologist, and he Mark A. Wilson has made significant contributions in advancing geological Professor, The College of Wooster sciences in Precambrian iron formations as well as impact ejecta of large extraterrestrial bodies. He is a dedicated Mark A. Wilson is internationally recognized for his scientist, both in research and in teaching. He is eager to research on early marine diagenesis of marine substrata, the help other researchers by providing samples and organisms that encrust hardgrounds, and the dynamics of professional comments. Through his guidance over the sea level during the Pleistocene. He is an outstanding years he has produced many excellent students, either educator in his faculty position at The College of Wooster. pursuing their advanced degrees in prestigious universities Wilson also has an exemplary record of professional service or continuing to make contributions in the geological to GSA, the Paleontological Society, and other organizations. profession. Through his leadership as department chair, the He is truly a distinguished scholar who has made a geology department at Oberlin College has secured funding significant impact in the geological sciences. for and has received numerous useful pieces of equipment for research and for student training. Stephen A. Sonnenberg Team Leader, Denver Basin Sub Business, EnCana Oil & Gas Stephen Sonnenberg’s extensive publications describe the application and integration of new science and technology in the broad subjects of petroleum geology and geophysics, mainly in the Rocky Mountains and Midcontinent, but also with work in the former USSR. He taught at Colorado School

24 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY LANCE ARMSTRONG

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5–8 October 2003 • Denver, Colorado, U.S.A. • Learn from more than 70 technical sessions with 380 presentations. • Participate in panel sessions led by industry experts and government officials from around the world. • Meet key decision and policy makers in one place, at one time. • Accomplish months’ worth of business in just three days – saving time and money. • Attend short courses taught by industry experts. • Network at social events, including the President’s Luncheon and an Expo Reception. • Visit more than 400 diverse, dynamic, and international exhibits showcasing innovative products and services. • Take part in fun activities such as “Run for the Future,” SPE’s 5K Fun Run/Walk, or the Student PetroBowl, an industry-knowledge quiz competition. • Take useful information back to the office to apply to your day-to-day activities.

Register by 2 September and save! For more information or to register, visit www.SPE.org/2003atce. Ads (or cancellations) must reach the GSA Advertising encourages applications from members of underrepre- office one month prior. Contact Advertising Department, sented groups. CTL is a multi-disciplinary consulting firm, provid- (303) 357-1053, 1-800-472-1988, ext. 1053, fax 303- GEOCHEMISTRY; UNIVERSITY OF OREGON ing engineering and scientific advanced testing 357-1073, [email protected]. Please include The Department of Geological Sciences invites applica- and research services for all construction materials address, phone number, and e-mail address with all tions for a tenure track faculty position at the assistant and structural systems. Learn more about us at correspondence. professor level to begin in fall 2004. We seek an individual www.CTLGroup.com. Per line each who applies geochemical measurements to the solution MANAGER—MICROSCOPY GROUP Per Line for addt’l month of fundamental problems in the Earths crust or surficial CEMENT, CONCRETE & AGGREGATES Classification 1st month (same ad) environment. The ideal applicant will complement existing Challenging opportunity for an experienced scientist or departmental strengths in hydrothermal geochemistry, Situations Wanted ...... $2.25 $1.90 engineer to fill the leadership position as Manager of paleopedology, volcanology, neotectonics, and/or geo- the Microscopy Group. Responsibilities include man- Positions Open ...... $7.00 $6.00 morphology. Applicants with expertise in light stable, or aging all functions of the group including financial per- Consultants ...... $7.00 $6.00 cosmogenic isotope geochemistry are particularly formance, business development, client relations, Services & Supplies ...... $7.00 $6.00 encouraged to apply. operations, training, staffing, and quality assurance. Opportunities for Students The successful candidate will be expected to establish The manager will also direct and participate in techni- first 25 lines ...... $0.00 $2.85 a laboratory appropriate for her or his research focus, cal projects. In addition to group management respon- additional lines ...... $1.85 $2.85 develop an externally funded, academically-oriented sibilities, this individual will work with other managers research program, and contribute to teaching at both the Web Only Ads ...... $7.00 $6.00 in the Division and firm to coordinate activities and undergraduate and graduate levels. achieve the overall goals of the organization. live link: add $25 Completion of the Ph.D. is required and postdoctoral research experience is desirable. Applicants should send Consider this unique, challenging position as group Agencies and organizations may submit purchase a curriculum vitae, statements of teaching and research manager if: order or payment with copy. Individuals must send interests, and the names, postal and email addresses, – you have proven business development skills and prepayment with copy. To estimate cost, count 54 and telephone numbers of three referees to Geochemistry – a good client base; characters per line, including all punctuation and blank Search Committee, Department of Geological Sciences, – you have excellent communication and people spaces. Actual cost may differ if you use capitals, cen- 1272 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1272. We – skills, report writer; tered copy, or special characters. will begin reviewing completed applications October 20, – you are knowledgeable in optical microscopy and 2003 and will continue until the position is filled. – petrography of cement, concrete and aggregates; The University of Oregon is an equal opportunity/affir- – you are a results oriented project manager/team mative action institution committed to cultural diversity – leader and mentor; and compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. – you are successful in meeting performance goals; Situations Wanted – you are a practical problem solver, have good GEOPHYSICS/FLUID DYNAMICS My Yankee wife wants to go home! British PhD hydroge- – judgment skills and are client focused; UNIVERSITY OF OREGON ologist seeks interesting employment in USA or Canada. –you have an advanced degree in science or The Department of Geological Sciences invites applica- Details on www.propubs.com/resume. – engineering. tions for a tenure track faculty position at the assistant CONCRETE MICROSCOPIST OR PETROGRAPHER professor level to begin in fall 2004. We seek an individual This unique position involves the petrographic and Positions Open working in the general field of continuum mechanics, microscopic examination of cement, concrete, and including fluid dynamics, who integrates data of diverse aggregate and some fieldwork and field sampling. Also type and scale with the use of computer-based models. includes preparation of samples for petrography and RESEARCH SCIENTIST, ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY Specific applications may include geohydrologic pro- microscopy, interpretation of observations and data, A mineralogist/geochemist with research, teaching and cesses, earthquake and fault physics, and/or visco-elastic and preparation of reports and proposals. Will have a administrative experience is sought to fill a senior problems related to magma transport, tectonics, or the B.S. or M.S. in geology or related field, and 5 yrs. w/BS research appointment. Required qualifications: Ph.D. in earthquake cycle. or 3 yrs. w/MS relevant work experience with concrete geological sciences with emphasis on mineralogy. At least The successful candidate will be expected to develop and related materials. Requires excellent written and 5 years post-Ph.D. experience in the applications of min- an externally funded, academically-oriented research pro- oral communication skills and has good PC skills. eralogical studies to import problems in the solid Earth. gram and contribute to teaching undergraduates, gradu- Must be comfortable dealing with clients in person and Evidence of research publication at a significant interna- ate-level fluid dynamics, and other courses in his or her on the phone, can handle multiple assignments simul- tional level. Proposal writing experience and demon- specialty. taneously and work in team environment. Travel strated success in raising research funds. Analytical expe- Completion of the Ph.D. is required and postdoctoral approx. 15%. rience in mineralogy and geochemistry. Desired: Graduate experience is desirable. Applicants should send a curricu- student thesis, personnel and laboratory supervision lum vitae, statements of teaching and research interests, CTL offers attractive compensation, with incentive experience. Evidence of familiarity with a range of analyti- and the names, postal and email addresses, and tele- and benefits plans Send your resume with cover letter cal techniques relevant to modern mineralogy and its phone numbers of three referees to Geophysics Search indicating your interest to: Ethel Doyle, CTL, applications in geochemistry, petrology or meteoritics. Committee, Department of Geological Sciences, 1272 [email protected] Fax: (847) 965-0859, or Experience with mantle or high-pressure rocks and miner- University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403. We will begin 5400 Old Orchard Rd., Skokie, IL 60077. EOE- als. Submit resume, cover letter, salary history, unofficial reviewing completed applications October 20, 2003 and M/W/D/V. graduate transcripts, and the names, addresses and will continue until the position is filled. phone numbers of 3 professional references to Arizona The University of Oregon is an equal opportunity/affir- State University, Chemistry & Biochemistry, Attn: Busi- mative action institution committed to cultural diversity ness Office, Box 871604, Tempe, AZ 85287-1604. and compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act. AA/EOE. GEOLOGY/EARTH SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA COLLEGE AT WISE ASSISTANT/ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR GEOPHYSICS: LITHOSPHERIC DEFORMATION UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT SANTA BARBARA The University of Virginia’s College at Wise seeks a tenure ENVIRONMENTAL GEOPHYSICS track assistant professor of geology or earth science for WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY The Department of Geological Sciences at the University of California at Santa Barbara seeks a broadly educated fall term 2003. The appointment begins August 15, 2003. Applications are invited for the position of tenure track The college is a nationally ranked four-year public liberal Assistant/Associate Professor, Wright State University, geophysicist who conducts creative research in quantita- tive analysis of deformation processes within the litho- arts college located in the mountains of southwestern Vir- Dayton, Ohio. The candidate should be suitable for joint ginia and is the only college branch of the University of appointment in the Departments of Geological Sciences sphere. Individuals who utilize recent advances in geodesy, numerical modeling, inversion methods, or Virginia. The successful candidate is expected to have a and of Physics. These Departments each have under- doctorate in geology or other closely related earth science graduate and masters degree programs, including a Mas- geoinformatics are particularly encouraged to apply. This tenure-track appointment will be as an Assistant Profes- field and have a commitment to teaching undergraduate ter of Science in Teaching, and both support an interdisci- students in a liberal arts institution. The candidate will be plinary Environmental Sciences Ph.D. program. For sor to begin July 1, 2004. The appointee is expected to develop a vigorous, externally funded research program expected to teach introductory courses in physical and additional information visit http://www.wright.edu/cosm/ historical geology, physical geography, and courses of pages/business/geophysics.htm. (for example, by participating in EarthScope) and will teach both undergraduate and graduate courses in geo- interest in earth science. Review of applications will begin Applicants must hold a Ph.D. in geophysics or a in mid July and continue until the position is filled. Candi- CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING closely related discipline and have a record of excellence physics and tectonics. A Ph. D. is required at the time of appointment. Review dates who are ABD will be considered for a one year in teaching and research appropriate to their ranks; prior appointment as an instructor of geology. Please send a funded research is required for appointment at Associate of applications will begin October 15, 2003. Applicants should request that three referees send letters of evalua- resume including a statement of teaching philosophy, let- level. Experience with mathematical modeling of physical ters of reference, and transcripts to Geology Search Com- systems, with advising Ph.D. candidates, and with out- tion directly to the search committee by October 15. Applicants should submit a letter of application, curricu- mittee, The University of Virginia’s College at Wise, Office reach programs to K–12 schools are also desirable. The of Human Resources, 1 College Avenue, Wise, VA 24293. candidate will be expected to develop a program of exter- lum vita, a description of teaching and research objectives and accomplishments, and provide the names, email The University of Virginia’s College at Wise is an equal nally funded research and contribute to undergraduate opportunity/affirmative action employer. and graduate teaching. Applicants should send a curricu- addresses and contact information of the three referees. lum vitae; a statement of capabilities and qualifications; All materials should be sent to: Doug Burbank, Chairper- CARBONATE RESERVOIR GEOLOGIST and and the names, addresses, telephone numbers, and email son, Geophysics Search Committee, Department of Geo- WELL-LOG PETROPHYSICIST addresses of at least three professional references to: logical Sciences, University of California, Santa Barbara, THE PETROLEUM INSTITUTE, ABU DHABI Geophysics Search Committee, Institute for Environmen- CA 93106-9630. The Petroleum Geosciences Program of The Petroleum tal Quality, Wright State University, Dayton, OH 45435. The department is especially interested in candidates Institute, Abu Dhabi, is seeking a carbonate reservoir sed- Review of applications will begin September 1, 2003, but who can contribute to the diversity and excellence of the imentologist-stratigrapher and a well-logging petrophysi- applications will be accepted until the position is filled. academic community through research, teaching and cist, although other specializations will be considered. Wright State University is committed to a policy of equal service. UCSB is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Applicants should possess a Ph.D. in Geology or opportunity and affirmative action, and specifically Action employer. Geophysics and experience in the petroleum industry is

28 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY desirable. Appointments probably will be at the Assis- interpretation software, a 48-channel seismic acquisition grants, demonstrated potential to publish and otherwise tant Professor rank, although senior appointments will system, portable marine multichannel and high-resolu- disseminate results of research, and demonstrated be considered for strong candidates. Faculty in tion seismic acquisition systems. Additional pertinent potential to perform teaching duties. To apply, please Petroleum Geosciences will teach undergraduate and facilities include a thermal ionization mass spectrometry submit a letter explaining research and teaching inter- graduate courses, develop an active research program and ultra clean-lab (U-Pb geochronology and Nd-Hf-Sr- ests, a curriculum vitae, and names and contact infor- that impacts the UAE petroleum industry, and engage Pb isotope geochemistry), a new noble gas ther- mation for at least three references to: Professor Marcus in service work. Opportunities exist to work with PI mochronology laboratory (40Ar/39Ar, (U-Th)/He), a fis- Bursik Department of Geology, University at Buffalo, 876 industry stakeholders in research. sion-track thermochronology laboratory, a stable Natural Sciences Complex, Buffalo, NY 14260. Review The Petroleum Institute is a small, highly focused, new isotope laboratory, and sediment cold storage facilities. of the material will begin on October 1, 2003, and teaching and research institute that offers educational The successful candidate will have a distinguished pub- will continue until the position is filled. The University at programs that will lead to B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. lication record, an externally funded research program, Buffalo is an Equal Opportunity Employer/Recruiter. degrees in engineering and petroleum geosciences. Staff and will be expected to contribute to the department’s will have the resources to equip laboratories with up-to- teaching mission at the advanced and introductory lev- Opportunities for Students date analytical equipment and computer software and els (e.g., physical geology, geophysics, structural geol- hardware to support teaching and research. The Colorado ogy/tectonics). To apply, send a curriculum vitae, state- Graduate Assistantships in Ground-water Biogeo-

School of Mines is the PI’s academic advisor. ment of research and teaching interests, and chemistry/Hydrogeology. MS and PhD assistantships CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING The compensation package for staff includes a 12- names/e-mail addresses of three referees to: Search are available for projects in biogeochemical and hydro- month salary and benefits that include housing, utilities, Committee Chair, Department of Earth Sciences, 204 logical interactions related to N transport in karst. Assis- home furnishings, an automobile purchase loan, health Heroy Geology Laboratory, Syracuse University, Syra- tantships are available January 2004 in Biological insurance, and annual leave travel. cuse, NY 13244-1070. The search committee will begin Sciences, Geosciences, or the Environmental Dynamics This is an unusual opportunity for self-motivated geo- reviewing applications October 15, 2003. The search will programs at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville. scientists to help build a world-class teaching and remain open until the position is filled. Syracuse Univer- One project will define hydrological flow paths and hydro- research institution. Additional information is at sity is an equal opportunity employer. Minorities and logic budget in karst systems using stable isotopic www.pi.ac.ae/. Interested candidates should send an women are encouraged to apply. tracers. A complementary study element will focus on application letter and their résumé by 31 September biogeochemical cycling of N; dissolved organic matter, FACULTY POSITION 2003, although late applications may be considered, to: NO -concentration, and stable isotopic compositions will QUANTITATIVE GEOMORPHOLOGY/SURFICIAL 3 Human Relations, Geoscience positions, Petroleum be assessed to link immobilization and denitrification to PROCESSES/QUATERNARY GEOLOGY Institute, P.O. Box 2533, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emi- hydrologic controls. Results will be applied to field-scale UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO rates; with an email copy to: Dr. Robert Winn, Petroleum experiments testing impact of common agricultural prac- THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK Geosciences, [email protected]. tices on hydrology and biogeochemistry in karst. Stu- The Department of Geology, University at Buffalo dents will gain experience in hydrology and stable isotope CRUSTAL EVOLUTION/TECTONICS/GEOPHYSICS (http://www.geology.buffalo.edu) is accepting applica- techniques, including direct training in the U of A Stable SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY tions for a tenure-track Assistant Professor position, to Isotope Lab. Ideal candidates will have analytical and field The Department of Earth Sciences invites applications begin in August 2004. The successful candidate will skills and at least a BS in some field of biology or geology. for an Associate or Full Professor in the field of crustal demonstrate a potential for research and teaching that Contact Dr. Phil Hays (Geosciences: [email protected]; evolution/tectonics and geophysics to start in August, will complement and integrate with our existing pro- 479-575-7342) or Dr. Sue Ziegler (Biological Sciences; 2004. We seek an innovative geoscientist to join a fac- grams in Environmental Geology and Volcanology. We [email protected]; 479-575-6944) for information. Appli- ulty with two concentrated research foci: crustal evolu- seek a person with primary interest in quantitative sedi- cations (http://biology.uark.edu/bisc.html or http: tion/tectonics (including geochronology/thermochronol- mentology and landform development, Quaternary //www.uark.edu/depts/geology/) due October 1, 2003. ogy, reflection seismology, radiogenic isotope geochronology, or surficial geostatistics. Preference will geochemistry, and basin analysis) and Quaternary stud- be given to candidates who use techniques applicable ies/environmental geology (including paleoclimatology, to the understanding of the age, disposition and devel- hydrogeology, stable isotope geochemistry, paleobiol- opment of geological materials in the shallow subsur- ogy/ paleoecology). Desirable research areas for this face. Teaching duties will involve undergraduate intro- position include, but are not restricted to, structure and ductory courses and graduate level courses in the evolution of the continental lithosphere, reflection/refrac- candidate’s specialties, including advanced geomor- tion seismology, plate boundary geodynamics, and phology or Quaternary geochronology. Minimum qualifi- quantitative modeling of lithospheric deformation. The cations include: Ph.D. degree at the time of appoint- department houses a UNIX computer network hosting ment, demonstrated potential to start and maintain an PROMAX and SEISWORKS seismic processing and active research program through the securing of external

GSA TODAY, AUGUST 2003 29 GEOSCIENCE DIRECTORY

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30 AUGUST 2003, GSA TODAY New!

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