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Instrumentation Recommendations for Volcano Monitoring at US

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Instrumentation Recommendations for Volcano Monitoring at US Instrumentation Recommendations for Volcano Monitoring at U.S. Volcanoes Under the National Volcano Early Warning System Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5114 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover—View of a Global Positioning System (GPS) and seismic monitoring site near Panhandle Gap in Mount Rainier National Park. GPS receiver is in foreground, associated solar panel/radio antenna array is in back. Volcano in background is Mount Adams (Washington). (USGS photograph by Seth Moran). Instrumentation Recommendations for Volcano Monitoring at U.S. Volcanoes Under the National Volcano Early Warning System By Seth C. Moran, Jeff T. Freymueller, Richard G. LaHusen, Kenneth A. McGee, Michael P. Poland, John A. Power, David A. Schmidt, David J. Schneider, George Stephens, Cynthia A. Werner, and Randall A. White Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5114 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark D. Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 This report and any updates to it are available online at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5114/ For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS--the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested citation: Moran, S.C., Freymueller, J.T., LaHusen, R.G., McGee, K.A., Poland, M.P., Power, J.A., Schmidt, D.A., Schneider, D.J., Stephens, G., Werner, C.A., White, R.A., 2008, Instrumentation Recommendations for Volcano Monitoring at U.S. Volcanoes Under the National Volcano Early Warning System: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5114, 47 p. Cataloging-in-Publication data are on file with the Library of Congress (URL http://www.loc.gov/). Produced in the Western Region, Menlo Park, California Manuscript approved for publication, June 23, 2008 Text edited by George Havach Layout and design by Luis Menoyo iii Contents Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................1 Primary Considerations........................................................................................................................2 Other General Monitoring Considerations .......................................................................................2 Summary of Recommendations .........................................................................................................2 Seismic Monitoring .......................................................................................................................................4 Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................4 Seismic Monitoring—Required Capabilities ....................................................................................4 1. Detection of Changes in Earthquake Location, Seismic Energy Release, Event Type, and Source Properties ..................................................................................................4 Capability ..............................................................................................................................4 Detection and location of hypocenters. .................................................................4 Measurement of low-frequency (long period) seismicity ...................................5 Onscale recording .....................................................................................................5 Instrumentation ...................................................................................................................5 Requirements ......................................................................................................................5 2. Detection of Changes in Localized Stress Fields ...............................................................9 Capability ..............................................................................................................................9 Instrumentation .................................................................................................................10 Requirements ....................................................................................................................10 3. Detection of Changes in Seismic Source and (or) Path Over Time ...............................10 Capability ............................................................................................................................10 Instrumentation .................................................................................................................10 Requirements ...................................................................................................................11 4. Detection and Determination of Source Mechanisms for Very Long Period Events 11 Capability ............................................................................................................................11 Instrumentation ................................................................................................................11 Requirements ....................................................................................................................11 5. Explosion Detection and Monitoring .................................................................................11 Capability ...........................................................................................................................11 Instrumentation .................................................................................................................12 Requirements ....................................................................................................................12 Summary—Recommendations for Level 1-4 Networks ...............................................................12 Deformation Monitoring..............................................................................................................................13 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................13 Deformation-Monitoring Equipment ................................................................................................13 Global Positioning System ........................................................................................................14 Borehole Tiltmeters ...................................................................................................................14 Microgravity................................................................................................................................15 Precise Leveling .........................................................................................................................15 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ............................................................................16 Borehole Strainmeters ..............................................................................................................16 Deformation Monitoring—Required Capabilities ..........................................................................17 1. Detection of Displacement-Pattern Changes ...................................................................17 Capability ............................................................................................................................17 iv Instrumentation .................................................................................................................17 Requirements ....................................................................................................................18 2. Location of Deformation Sources and Estimation of Source Magnitude and Geometry .......................................................................................................................18 Capability ............................................................................................................................18 Instrumentation .................................................................................................................19 Requirements ...................................................................................................................19 3. Distinction of Volcanic from Nonvolcanic Surface Deformation ...................................20 Capability ............................................................................................................................20 Instrumentation .................................................................................................................20 Requirements ....................................................................................................................20 Summary—Recommendations for Level 1-4 Networks
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