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1 Introduction
Notes 1 Introduction 1. Donald Macintyre, Narvik (London: Evans, 1959), p. 15. 2. See Olav Riste, The Neutral Ally: Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War (London: Allen and Unwin, 1965). 3. Reflections of the C-in-C Navy on the Outbreak of War, 3 September 1939, The Fuehrer Conferences on Naval Affairs, 1939–45 (Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 1990), pp. 37–38. 4. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 10 October 1939, in ibid. p. 47. 5. Report of the C-in-C Navy to the Fuehrer, 8 December 1939, Minutes of a Conference with Herr Hauglin and Herr Quisling on 11 December 1939 and Report of the C-in-C Navy, 12 December 1939 in ibid. pp. 63–67. 6. MGFA, Nichols Bohemia, n 172/14, H. W. Schmidt to Admiral Bohemia, 31 January 1955 cited by Francois Kersaudy, Norway, 1940 (London: Arrow, 1990), p. 42. 7. See Andrew Lambert, ‘Seapower 1939–40: Churchill and the Strategic Origins of the Battle of the Atlantic, Journal of Strategic Studies, vol. 17, no. 1 (1994), pp. 86–108. 8. For the importance of Swedish iron ore see Thomas Munch-Petersen, The Strategy of Phoney War (Stockholm: Militärhistoriska Förlaget, 1981). 9. Churchill, The Second World War, I, p. 463. 10. See Richard Wiggan, Hunt the Altmark (London: Hale, 1982). 11. TMI, Tome XV, Déposition de l’amiral Raeder, 17 May 1946 cited by Kersaudy, p. 44. 12. Kersaudy, p. 81. 13. Johannes Andenæs, Olav Riste and Magne Skodvin, Norway and the Second World War (Oslo: Aschehoug, 1966), p. -
The Allied D-Day Deception Campaign and Media Use
UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-EAU CLAIRE OPERATION FORTITUDE: THE ALLIED D-DAY DECEPTION CAMPAIGN AND MEDIA USE THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY FOR CANDIDACY FOR THE BACHLEORS DEGREE OF ARTS BY LUKE E. ANDERSON EAU CLAIRE, WI MAY 2010 Copyright for this work is owned by the author. This digital version is published by McIntyre Library, University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire with the consent of the author. For my grandfather, and all others who served Abstract Throughout the Second World War, the Allies focused much of their war effort on Operation Fortitude, a campaign strictly for the purpose of misinforming the Axis Powers. One extensive use of misinformation came before and after the assault on Normandy in June of 1944, more popularly known as D-Day. The Allies’ goal was to make the Germans believe the attack would be coming at Pas de Calais, much further east and closer to England. The Allies used a number of different strategies to accomplish this, including extensively bombing the Calais area, using General George Patton as a commander “decoy,” and even creating a fake invasion force. This paper examines how the media was used to carry misinformation. The Allies used both newspapers and radio broadcasts to influence the Germans into believing an attack would be coming at Calais, not Normandy. By withholding the secret details of the invasion, the American public was also led to believe an attack was coming at Calais. I argue, although double-agents were also an important way to transmit false information, without the use of media an effective campaign would have been much more difficult. -
Hall of Remembrance Library Holdings WORLD WAR II 'Against
Hall Of Remembrance Library Holdings WORLD WAR II ‘Against all odds’: The British Army of 1939-40. National Army Museum, 1990. Aircraft of World War 2. Jade Bks., 1984. Aline, Countess of Romanones. The spy went dancing. Century, 1991. Are we at war? Letters to The Times. Times Bks, 1989. Arnold, Gladys. One woman’s war: A Canadian reporter with the Free French. Lorimer, 1987. Badsey, Stephen. D-Day: from the Normandy beaches to the liberation of France. Colour Library, 1993. Barnett, Corelli. Engage the enemy more closely: the Royal Navy in the Second World War. Norton, 1991. Barnett, Corelli. The desert generals. Indiana Univ. , 1960 Barris, Ted. Behind the glory: the plan that won the allied air war. Macmillan, 1992. Bartov, Omer. Hitler’s army: soldiers, Nazis, and war in the Third Reich. Oxford Univ. 1991. Bailey, Chris Howard. The battle of the Atlantic; the Corvettes and their crews: an oral history. Sutton, 1994. Barker, Ralph. The RAF at war. Time-Life, 1981. Barnett, Corelli. (ed).Hitler’s Generals. Grove Weidenfeld, 1989. Barris, Ted. Days of victory: Canadians remember: 1939-1945. Macmillan, 1995. Bell, Ken. Not in vain. Univ. of Toronto, 1973. Bell, Ken.The way we were. Univ. of Toronto, 1988. 1 Bell, Ken.100 years: the Royal Canadian Regiment 1883-1983. Collier Macmillan, 1983. Belote, James H. Titans of the seas. Harper & Row, 1975. Bennett, Ralph. Ultra in the West: TheNormandy campaign 1944-45. Scribner’s, 1979. Bernadac, Christian. The naked puppets: Auschwitz. Ferni Pub., 1972. Bishop, Arthur. Our bravest and our best: the stories of Canada’s Victoria Cross winners. -
Art of Deception: Selling a Story to the German Army
NATIONAL EISENHOWER MEMORIAL EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS LESSON Art of Deception: Selling a Story to the German Army Duration One 45-minute period Grades 7–12 Cross-curriculum Application U.S. History, World History, Geography, English, Media Arts NATIONAL EISENHOWER MEMORIAL LESSON: ART OF DECEPTION | 1 EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS Historical Background As Supreme Allied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower later remarked, “Plans are worthless, but planning is everything.” Operation Overlord, also known as D-Day, was a massive undertaking involving unprecedented planning and meeting challenges in execution. The operation consisted of 2,700 ships manned by 195,000 sailors. The fleet carried 156,000 troops, 12,000 vehicles, 2,000 tanks, and nearly 10,000 tons of stores across the English Channel. In addition, thousands of military aircraft supported the amphibious invasion. The success of the Normandy invasion also depended on the element of surprise. All the plan- ning and effort that went into the operation could have been undone if German military leaders knew the location and timing of the landing ahead of time. German military leaders worked hard to determine what General Eisenhower and the Allies planned to do. In order to keep this important information secret, Eisenhower and his advisors initiated Operation Bodyguard (part of a larger deception plan called Operation Fortitude) to confuse the German forces about the exact location of the landing. Objective Students will examine primary sources related to some of the Allied plans to deceive the German Army as to the time and location of the invasion of northern Europe. What techniques of decep- tion were used? What role does deception play in military strategy? What can these deceptions tell us about how the German military viewed the Allies? Students will take on the role of documentary filmmaker and develop a plan for a short video promotion for a film on Allied military deceptions during World War II. -
World War Ii and Us Cinema
ABSTRACT Title of Document: WORLD WAR II AND U.S. CINEMA: RACE, NATION, AND REMEMBRANCE IN POSTWAR FILM, 1945-1978 Robert Keith Chester, Ph.D., 2011 Co-Directed By: Dr. Gary Gerstle, Professor of History, Vanderbilt University Dr. Nancy Struna, Professor of American Studies, University of Maryland, College Park This dissertation interrogates the meanings retrospectively imposed upon World War II in U.S. motion pictures released between 1945 and the mid-1970s. Focusing on combat films and images of veterans in postwar settings, I trace representations of World War II between war‘s end and the War in Vietnam, charting two distinct yet overlapping trajectories pivotal to the construction of U.S. identity in postwar cinema. The first is the connotations attached to U.S. ethnoracial relations – the presence and absence of a multiethnic, sometimes multiracial soldiery set against the hegemony of U.S. whiteness – in depictions of the war and its aftermath. The second is Hollywood‘s representation (and erasure) of the contributions of the wartime Allies and the ways in which such images engaged with and negotiated postwar international relations. Contrary to notions of a ―good war‖ untainted by ambiguity or dissent, I argue that World War II gave rise to a conflicted cluster of postwar meanings. At times, notably in the early postwar period, the war served as a progressive summons to racial reform. At other times, the war was inscribed as a historical moment in which U.S. racism was either nonexistent or was laid permanently to rest. In regard to the Allies, I locate a Hollywood dialectic between internationalist and unilateralist remembrances. -
Central Park Conservancy
Central Park Conservancy ANNUAL REPORT 2016 Table of Contents 2 Partnership 4 Letter from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees and the Conservancy President 5 Letter from the Mayor and the Parks Commissioner 6 Forever Green 10 Craftsmanship 12 Historic Boat Landings Reconstructed at the Lake 16 Perimeter Reconstruction Enhances the East 64th Street Entrance 17 Northern Gateway Restored at the 110th Street Landscape 18 Putting the Adventure Back Into Adventure Playground 20 The Conservation of King Jagiello 22 Southwest Corner Update: Pedestrian-Friendly Upgrades at West 63rd Street 24 Infrastructure Improves the Experience at Rumsey Playfield Landscape 26 Woodlands Initiative Update 30 Stewardship 32 Volunteer Department 34 Operations by the Numbers 40 Central Park Conservancy Institute for Urban Parks 44 Community Programs 46 Friendship 54 Women’s Committee 55 The Greensward Circle 56 Financials 82 Supporters 118 Staff & Volunteers 128 Central Park Conservancy Mission, Guiding Principle, Core Values, and Credits Cover: Hernshead Landing Left: Raymond Davy 3 CENTRAL PARK CONSERVANCY Table of Contents 1 Partnership Central Park Conservancy The City of New York This was an exciting year for the Our parks are not only the green spaces where we go to exercise, experience nature, relax, and spend Conservancy. In spring, we launched our time with family and friends. For many New Yorkers, they are also a lifeline and places to connect with their most ambitious campaign to date, Forever community and the activities that improve quality of life. They are critical to our physical and mental Green: Ensuring the Future of Central well-being and to the livability and natural beauty of our City. -
Confidence Men the Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 By
Confidence Men The Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 by Brett Edward Lintott A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Department of History, in the University of Toronto © Copyright by Brett Edward Lintott, 2015 Abstract Confidence Men The Mediterranean Double-Cross System, 1941-45 Brett Edward Lintott Doctor of Philosophy Department of History University of Toronto, 2015 This dissertation provides an analysis of the Mediterranean double-cross system of the Second World War, which was composed of a number of double agents who were turned by the Allies and operated against their ostensible German spymasters. Utilizing many freshly released archival materials, this study assesses how the double-cross system was constructed, why it was an effective instrument, and how it contributed to Allied success in two areas: security and counter-intelligence, and military deception. The focus is thus on both organization and operations. The chapters cover three chronological periods. In the first — 1941-42 — the initial operational usage of a double agent is assessed, along with the development of early organizational structures to manage and operate individual cases as components of a team of spies. The second section, covering 1943, assesses three issues: major organizational innovations made early that year; the subsequent use of the double agent system to deceive the Germans regarding the planned invasion of Sicily in July; and the ongoing effort to utilize double agents to ensure a stable security and counter-intelligence environment in the Mediterranean theatre. The third and final section analyzes events in 1944, with a focus on double-cross deception in Italy and France, and on the emergence of more systematic security and counter-intelligence double-cross operations in Italy and the Middle East. -
The Top Brokers | the Real Deal | New York Real Estate News Page 1 of 7
The top brokers | The Real Deal | New York Real Estate News Page 1 of 7 www TheGrandAtDiamondBeach com AdsbyGoogle THE TOP BROKERS A look at Manhattan's 75 residential agents with the most exclusives June 02, 2010 07:00AM By Candace Taylor Top agents, in order from left: Carrie Chiang, Dolly Lenz, Serena Boardman, Hervé Senequier, Leonard Steinberg Manhattan's top real estate agents are as diverse as the city itself, proving once again that there's more than one way to make a buck in this town. This year, The Real Deal's annual ranking of the city's top brokers showcases a range of different business models, from agents who sell hundreds of newly built condos a year to those who specialize in historic townhouses, and everything in between. Generally speaking, however, Manhattan's top brokers fall into two camps: those who work alone or with a single partner, and those with teams. "There's two ways to do it," explained Corcoran's Leighton Candler, who ranked No. 11 on this year's list. Some big-name brokers become "a company within a company," she said, selling a high volume of listings with help from a number of junior agents. Others, like herself, choose only a few very high-priced listings, and handle them with only an assistant or two. Whatever their business model, agents said properties priced north of $20 million are more likely to change hands this year than they were in 2009. Deals, however, are still taking much longer than they did in the past. -
Guide for Parents and Answer Key Exploring World History Guide for Parents and Answer Key ISBN: 978-1-60999-073-2
If you are a parent or teacher who needs quick access to the answer key, this is the file for you! However... If you are a student using this to cheat on a quiz or exam, stop! Cheating won’t help you in the long run. EXPLORING WORLD HISTORY GUIDE FOR PARENTS AND ANSWER KEY Exploring World History Guide for Parents and Answer Key ISBN: 978-1-60999-073-2 Copyright © 2014 Notgrass Company. All rights reserved. No part of this material may be reproduced without permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Notgrass Company 975 Roaring River Rd. Gainesboro, TN 38562 1-800-211-8793 notgrass.com Guide for Parents Using Exploring World History Exploring World History provides material for one entire school year in three subjects: world history, English, and Bible. To complete one credit in world history, one credit in English, and one credit in Bible, the student must read the text in Exploring World History Part 1 and Part 2 and complete the weekly and daily assignments as they are given in those volumes. Students should complete each day’s assignments on that day. The student should expect to spend an average of 50 to 60 minutes on each subject each day. The actual time spent on each subject on a given day will vary, but you should allow your student about 2 1/2 to 3 hours per day to complete all three subjects. We believe that you are in charge of your child’s education and that you know best how to use this material to educate your child. -
CENTRAL PARK CONSERVANCY ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Table of Contents
CENTRAL PARK CONSERVANCY ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Table of Contents 2 PARTNERSHIP 4 Letter from the Chairman and the President & CEO 5 Letter from the City of New York 6 CRAFTSMANSHIP 8 Capping the Restoration of Central Park’s North End 12 Restoring the Belvedere’s Grandeur 14 New Adventures Await at Safari Playground 16 Reviving Rustic Character at Billy Johnson Playground 18 STEWARDSHIP 20 Spotlight on Operations 24 COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT 26 Visitor Experience 28 Volunteers 30 Youth Education 32 HELPING OTHER PARKS 34 Central Park Conservancy Institute for Urban Parks 36 Supporting New York City’s Public Spaces 38 FRIENDSHIP 48 Women’s Committee 50 The Greensward Circle 52 FINANCIALS 78 SUPPORTERS 122 STAFF & VOLUNTEERS 132 CENTRAL PARK CONSERVANCY MISSION, GUIDING PRINCIPLE, CORE VALUES, AND CREDITS Cover: the Belvedere 6 1 CENTRAL PARK CONSERVANCY TABLE OF CONTENTS Partnership From the Chairman and From the City the President & CEO of New York Central Park has never looked more beautiful nor welcomed The Central Park Conservancy’s principal role is to restore, For New Yorkers, parks are vital green spaces that provide This past year, the Conservancy made many other wonderful more visitors. It remains the most iconic of all New York City enhance, and manage the Park for the enjoyment of every respite from urban life. Central Park is one of our City’s enhancements to Central Park. This included its ongoing landmarks, and the most beloved of all retreats from the visitor. We have grown into this role and accomplished the most welcoming and inclusive year-round backyards: a restoration of the Park’s playgrounds. -
Marriage, Migration, and Integration of Japanese War Brides After World War II
Families Precede Nation and Race?: Marriage, Migration, and Integration of Japanese War Brides after World War II A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Masako Nakamura IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (History) Erika Lee and Elaine Tyler May August 2010 © Masako Nakamura, 2010 Table of Contents List of Figures----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Chapter 1 Families Precede Nation and Race?: The 1947 Amendment of the War Brides Act and the American Family------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23 Chapter 2 Making “Model Minority Brides”?: American Red Cross Brides Schools for Japanese Wives of U.S. Servicemen in Japan, 1951-1963-----------------------------------------------75 Chapter 3 “Are War Brides Happy Here?”: Sociological Studies of the Marital Adjustment of Japanese War Brides------------------------------------------------------------------------------137 Chapter 4 Social Workers and Japanese Wives: Politics through the Japanese War Brides Club at the International Institute of San Francisco----------------------------------------------------177 Chapter 5 Life Stories of Japanese War Brides in Japan and the United States from Their Own Perspective, 1930s-1950s------------------------------------------------------------------------216 -
File 1 Overlord Cover Plan
Overview 1943 - 1944 BIGOT BRITISH — MOST SECRET U.S. — SECRET Copy No. _______1 OVERLORD COVER PLAN1 Document BIGOT G-3 1 Document Document 2 Document Document 2 Document overlord cover plan Overview An admirer of strategic deception, convincing him that the real invasion Great Britain’s Prime Minister, Winston was just a diversion for a larger Churchill established the London imminent invasion. Controlling Section (LCS) in mid-1942. To achieve this, Bodyguard This was a secret bureau that met within proposed a war plan that was just close Churchill’s underground Cabinet War enough to the truth to seem credible to Rooms to plan stratagem against Hitler’s Hitler, but would mislead him completely Nazi regime. As Chief of the LCS in July, about the time, place, and force of the 1943, Colonel John Bevan submitted invasion. Therefore, Bodyguard created “Plan Jael,” the overall deception policy no less than 36 subordinate deception for the Overlord invasion. plans with peculiar names to keep the Plan Jael, named after a woman in Nazi forces spread out and guessing the Old Testament who committed acts of where and when the Allies would invade treachery, contained five main spheres of western Europe. For example, Operation secret activity: offensive intelligence, Ironside presented the threat of an counter-intelligence and security, special assault at Bordeaux, France, while operations, political warfare, and Operation Vendetta threatened the deception. After many revisions and region of Marseilles, France, and names, Jael became “Bodyguard” and Operation Ferdinand kept Nazi troops was presented to General Eisenhower occupied in the Genoa region of Italy.