Cambridge University Press 978-1-316-64542-0 — Caria and Crete in Antiquity Naomi Carless Unwin Index More Information 258 259

Home , Alinda, Hydai, Melia (Ionia), Ortygia (Ionia), Passala, Plarasa

Index

Abu Simbel, 36 Antoninus Liberalis, 66 , 67 Achaemenid Empire, 32 , 46 Apasa, 113 , 115 Aegean islands, 1 , 3 , 4 , 10 , 13 , 29 , 57 Aphrodisias, 8n. 36 , 22n. 107 , 33n. 7 , 46 , 54 , Aelian, 21 , 29 , 91n. 4 57n. 147 , 82 , 82n. 163 , 201n. 54 , 210 Aeschylus, 71 basilica reliefs, 54n. 133 , 56 , 57n. 147 , Ahhiyawa , 98n. 50 , 112 , 118 , 119 70n. 81 , 97 , 176 Aitolia, 81 , 81n. 155 , 150n. 134 , 159n. 198 , Aphrodite, 22n. 107 , 78 163n. 225 , 195 Aphrodite Schoinitis, 173 Aitolian League, 161 Apollo, 6n. 27 , 66 , 67 , 121 , 122 , 122n. 202 , Akakallis, 6n. 27, 67 122n. 206 , 161 , 163 , 170 , 172n. 27 , 180 , Alabanda, 50 , 50n. 109 , 53n. 126 , 54 , 54n. 135 , 186 , 190 , 241 125n. 8 , 133 , 138n. 68 , 182n. 73 , 210 and Artemis, 65 , 82 , 161 , 200 Alaksandu treaty, 115 Apollo Delphinios, 121 Alexander the Great, 10n. 41 , 33 , 52n. 119 , 96 , Apollo Didymeus, 178n. 61 134 , 134n. 44 , 137 , 157 , 170 , 194 , 194n. Ptoan Apollo, 45 30 , 205n. 89 Apollodorus of Athens, 37 , 37n. 32 Iskander, 96 Apollonius of Aphrodisias, 33 Alexandria, 13 , 13n. 67 , 14n. 70 , 96 , 125n. 8 , Apollonius Rhodius, 68 , 172n. 21 160n. 204 Appian, 22n. 107 Alinda, 50 , 54 , 54n. 135 Appius Claudius, 142 , 142n. 95 Amasis, 35 – 36 Aptera, 133 , 133n. 39 , 152n. 146 Amazons, 17 , 22 , 22n. 107 , 80n. 146 Ariadne, 74 , 174 , 174n. 40 Amyzon, 54 , 56 , 155 , 155n. 176 , 189 – 190 , 192 , Aristophanes, 37 , 49n. 107 193 , 194 , 196 , 212 Aristotle, 76 , 191n. 11 , 194 , 194n. 28 , Zeus Kretagenetas. See Zeus Kretagenetas 208n. 101 and Diktynna Arkades, 150 , 150n. 138 , 152n. 146 , 152n. 147 , Anax, 67n. 53 , 84n. 176 , 91 162n. 219 Anineta, 97 Arnuwanda, 116 Anthes, 59 , 60 , 174 Arsinoë, 13n. 67 Antigonid kingdom, 15 , 133 , 206 Artemis, 82 , 161 , 172n. 27 , 200 Antigonos Doson, 15n. 77 , 135n. 47 , 157n. Artemis Ephesia, 118n. 183 193 , 161 Artemis Leukophryene, 80 , 80n. 145 , Antigonos Monophthalmos, 197 80n. 146 , 178 Antioch, 134 , 194n. 30 Artemisia Antiochos II, 15n. 76 Persian Wars, 14 Antiochos III, 56 , 133 , 162 , 178n. 59 , 190 , 193 , sister/ wife of Maussollos, 14 , 59 , 125 , 195 , 196 , 206 , 207 148n. 127 alliance with Euromos, 146 , 190 – 192 , 199 Arzawa, 20 , 112 – 115 , 113n. 143 , 116 alliance with Philip V, 158n. 196 Asandros, 11n. 48 , 205n. 89 at Amyzon, 155n. 176 , 190 , 194 , 196 , Asklepios, 161 199 – 200 Assuwa, 113 , 113n. 144 , 115n. 163 , 118 , at Teos, 150n. 134 118n. 181 defeat at Apameia, 183 Assyria, 20n. 98 , 57 , 97 , 97n. 42 ruler cult, 200n. 53 contacts with Anatolia, 97 Antiochos the son, 190 , 196 Ninos and Semiramis, 97n. 42 , 174 , 175n. 44 258

Index 259

Asterios, 67n. 53 , 91 , 91n. 1 Chalketor, 157n. 192, 206n. 97 asylia , 138 , 138n. 74 , 140 , 158 , 158n. 195 Chersonesos, 10n. 48 , 155 , 212 Teian asylia . See Teos: Cretan grants of Cretan Chersonesos, 152n. 153 asylia Chios, 10 , 38n. 35 , 83 , 119 Atabyrion, Mount, 11 , 80 Chrysaor, 53 – 54 , 161 , 162 ateleia, 131 , 132 , 152 and Bellerophon, 70 , 71 Athena, 171 , 173 , 204n. 79 and Pegasos, 53 , 70 , 70n. 81 , 210 Athenian tribute lists, 32 place name Chrysaoris, 54 Athens, 66 , 70n. 74 , 91 , 95 , 163 , 174 , 202n. 64 , Chrysaoric League, 82n. 162 , 162 , 162n. 216 202n. 68 Cilicia, 12 , 13n. 67 , 97 , 115 cult of Bendis. See Bendis at Athens Çine Tepecik, 110 cult of Zeus Labraundos, 201 Cretan- born Zeus. See Zeus Kretagenes/ Attalid kingdom, 15 , 15n. 76 , 133 , 163n. 225 , Kretagenetas 182n. 74 , 204n. 79 Crete Attalos I, 133n. 38 , 135n. 47 , 178n. 59 Cretan koinon , 15 , 133n. 38 , 141 – 142 , 149 , autochthony , 6 , 29 , 29n. 141 , 66 , 67n. 49 , 69 , 209 159 , 165 , 178 – 180 , 181 Cretan mercenaries. See mercenaries Badakhshan, 96 First Cretan War, 142 , 154n. 162 , barbarophōnoi, 34 , 42 , See Strabo: discussion 154n. 164 , 159 of barbarophōnoi insularity, 11 Bargylia, 54 , 54n. 135 , 86n. 196 , 156 Second Cretan War, 141n. 86 Basileus, cult of, 83 – 84 strategic importance, 15 , 158 Basileus Kaunios, 84 Venetian Candia, 16 , 16n. 82 Zeus Basileus, 84 Ctesias of Knidos, 97 Battle of Raphia, 133 cultural agency, 23 , 89 , 165 , 189 , 200 , 205 , Battos, 121n. 197 , 170 207 , 212 Bellerophon, 70 , 71 , 71n. 83 , 71n. 85 , 78 , 79 soldiers as cultural agents, 202 – 207 and Pegasos. See Pegasos cultural interface, 1 , 27 , 28 , 117 Bendis at Athens, 201 – 202 ‘Lower Interface’, 104 , 112 , 117 Biannos, 152n. 146 East Aegean/ West Anatolian bilingualism, 45 , 48n. 97 , 49 interface, 27 Black Sea, 8 , 8n. 37 , 154 Cyclades, 4n. 10 , 7 , 10n. 43 , 73 , Bodrum peninsula, 8 101n. 72 , 107n. 98 Bronze Age Mycenaean infl uence, 110 Cyprus, 12 , 15n. 80 , 41n. 56 , 202 , 203 Boiotia, 121 Cyrene, 13 , 14n. 70 Boiotians in Th essaly, 77n. 128 foundation myth, 121 , 121n. 197 , 176 Borsippa, Babylonia, 8 , 8n. 35 Bottiaia, 194 – 195 Daktyli, 84 , 84n. 184 , 85n. 185 Byblis Darrōn, 205 and Kaunos myth, 68 Datça peninsula, 8 spring/ fountain, 68 , 69 Delos, 7 , 122n. 206 , 132 Delphi, 75 , 77 , 77n. 128 , 121n. 197 , 150n. 134 , Callimachus, 44n. 76 , 122n. 206 , 160 , 165 , 170 , 178 , 194n. 28 160n. 204 , 175 , 175n. 48 Delphic Amphiktiony, 150 Caria foundation myth, 120 , 122 Carian identity, 1 , 2 , 46 , 49 , 51 – 56 , Delphinion, 122n. 202 58 – 60 , 212 Dexippos, Koan doctor, 136 Carian koinon , 51 – 53 Diadochi, 134 geographical region, 32–33 dialects, 46n. 91 Kar, 6 , 7 , 29 , 34 , 79 Didyma, 84 , 85 , 92n. 9 Carian language, 1 – 2 , 41 , 46 , 49 Diktynna alphabet, 2 , 2n. 3 , 70n. 79 Diktynnaistai, 204 – 205 graffi ti, 40n. 49 Zeus Kretagenetas and Diktynna. See Zeus karizein . See karizein Kretagenetas and Diktynna linguistic acculturation in Caria, 48 , 49 , 51 Diodorus Siculus, 6 , 6n. 24 , 7 , 52n. 119 , 61 , Çeşme- Bağlararası, 109 67n. 53 , 71 , 73 , 81 , 93n. 16 , 97 , 159

260 Index

Dodekanese, 7 , 8 , 10 , 13 , 14 , 28 , 110 , 117 Gaulites, Kara diglōsson, 45 ‘Lower Interface’. See cultural interface Gauls, 135n. 47 , 148n. 122 , 165 , 170 network ‘cluster’, 10n. 45 Glaukos, 53n. 130 , 54 , 78 , 79 , 161 Dodona, 78n. 128 Gordiouteichos, 8n. 36 Dorian foundations, 33 , 34 , 37 , 38 , 40 , 53 Gordis, 57n. 147 , Dorian migration, 4 , 66 , 94 , 95 Gortyn, 77 , 136n. 58 , 141 , 142 , 142n. 95 , Hexapolis, 59 147n. 121 , 152n. 151 , 182 , 185n. 86 , 203 double axe symbol, 16 – 25 Greek koine , 49 , 49n. 102 , 59 Dreros, 122 , 122n. 202 , 152n. 153 , 191n. 10 , Gyges, 17 207n. 99 Dyme, 135 Halbwachs, M., 63 collective memory, 63 , 64 East Aegean Koine, 104 , 108 , 112 Halikarnassos, 14 , 50 , 50n. 112 , 53 , 53n. 126 , Egypt, 6n. 25 , 12 , 14 , 24 , 45 , 78n. 128 , 54 , 57 , 119 , 136 , 136n. 58 , 201n. 54 , 210 121n. 196 , 134 , 154 , 155 , 162 civic history recounted in the Salmakis Carian presence in Egypt, 8n. 35 , 36 , 136 , inscription. See Salmakis 201 , 201n. 59 Dorian identity, 38 , 40 , 59 , 59n. 161 , Eleutherna, 15n. 77 , 152n. 153 , 162n. 219 59n. 165 Endymion, 6 , 6n. 27 , 60 , 60n. 166 , 81n. 155 , Hekatomnid capital, 57 , 59 , 138 , 156 171 – 173 , 174 mixed population, 38 , 59 , 59n. 163 Ephesos, 13 , 21 , 22n. 107, 38n. 35, 48n. 97, 60 , 65 , peninsula. See Bodrum peninsula 79 , 84 , 92n. 8, 97 , 110 , 115 , 135 , 172n. 27 Hatti, 113 , 116 , 116n. 168 , 117n. 175 birth of Apollo and Artemis. See Ortygia Hattuša, 20 , 112 , 113n. 144 , 118n. 178 kouretes, 82 , 83 Hattusili I, 113 Ephorus, 8 , 45 , 45n. 81 , 66 , 66n. 44 , 81n. 155 , Hattusili III, 116n. 171 160n. 205 , 208n. 101 Hecataeus, 63 Epidamnos, 165 , 203n. 78 Hekatomnid dynasty, 10 , 33 , 46 , 46n. 88 , 59 , epigraphy 125 , 135 , 138 , 154 archives, 170 , 177 – 178 , 182n. 77 basileis, 52 dating by letter forms, 146 , 157n. 192 , Hekatomnos, 50 , 59 172n. 20 , 175 , 192 , 192n. 17 Herakleia- under- Latmos, 10n. 48 , 171 – 173 , historical inscriptions, 77 – 78 176 , 183 , 201n. 54 Eranna, 152n. 146 dispute with Euromos, 171 , 171n. 20 , 193 Erythrai, 38n. 35 , 48n. 97 , 74 , 84 , 85 , 85n. 187 Endymion myth. See Endymion Erythros myth, 74 isopoliteia treaty with Miletos. See treaties etesians, 12 Herakles, 17 Eumenes II, 133n. 38 , 142 Heraklaidai, 195 , 195n. 34 Euripides, 36 , 87 Hermesianax of Kolophon, 181 Euromos, 45 , 125 , 155 , 157n. 192 , 189 , 193 , Hermias, Koan doctor, 136 197n. 45 Hermione, 135 constitutional reforms, 190 – 192 , 197 , 199 Hermos River, 113 cult of ‘Cretan- born’ Zeus. See Zeus Herodoros of Herakleia, 66 Kretagenes/ Zeus Kretagenetas Herodotus, 6n. 25 , 21 , 24n. 113 , 45 , 49 , dispute with Herakleia, 171 , 172n. 20 , 192 51n. 118 , 52n. 122 , 61 , 62 , 93 , 94n. 23 , epigraphy, 145 , 146 207n. 101 renamed as the Philippeis, 191 , 197 , 199 Artemisia of Halikarnassos, 14 Europa, 5 , 5n. 20 , 67n. 53 , 70 , 71 employment of mercenaries in Egypt, Evans, A. J., 21 , 24 , 104 34 – 36 , 45 family, 40 , 40n. 51 foundation mythologies, 63 , 119 – 120 foundation of Cyrene, 121 migration narratives, 4 , 6 , 66 foundation of Miletos, 39 , 40 , 67 Ionian migration, 38 garrisons, 45 , 133 , 155 , 191 , 197 , 199 , 203 , Isagoras’ family, 202n. 68 203n. 77, 204n. 79, 206 on Caria, 2 , 5 , 7n. 28 , 48 , 51–52, 57 , Ptolemaic garrison at Itanos, 14 , 69 , 209 203n. 78 on Crete, 5n. 19

Index 261

on Halikarnassos, 59n. 161 Karaburun peninsula, 109 on Kaunos, 69 , 75 Karikon teichos, 8 on Lycia, 69 , 70 , 70n. 74 karizein, 44 personal testimony, 97 Karkisa/ Karkiya, 20 , 115 , 115n. 160 , 115n. 163 Salmakis inscription, 174 , 175 Karōn limēn, 8 Hesiod, 71 Karpathos, 10n. 44 , 14 , 15n. 78 , 73 , 110 , Hierapytna, 15n. 77 , 133 , 142 , 147n. 121 , 110n. 129 155 , 182 , 187 Kasos, 10n. 44 , 110n. 129 , 125n. 8 Hippolyte, Amazonian queen, 22 Kaunos, 12 , 53n. 126 , 66 , 72 , 75 , 76 , 84 , Hobsbawm, E., 88 136 , 201 Homer, 10 , 10n. 44 , 34 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 71 , 71n. 86 , myth, 67 – 69 78 , 91n. 8 Kephallonia, 164 Homeric Hymn to Pythian Apollo, 120 , 122 Kildara, 53n. 126 , 158n. 196 Hybandis, 134 , 183 , 185 , 186 Kindye, 53 , 156 , 157 Hybandis river, 185 kinship diplomacy, 27 , 147 , 187 Hydai, 53n. 126 , 157 Athens and Kydonia, 163 Hydisos, 54 , 54n. 135 Miletos and Crete, 186 , 187 Hyrtakina, 122n. 202 , 152n. 146 Xanthos and Kytenion. See Kytenion Hyssaldomos, 50 , 50n. 116 kinship, terminology, 163 – 164 , 163n. 229 homogeneia , 163 Iasos, 40n. 49 , 53n. 126 , 125 , 156 oikeiotēs , 160 , 163 , 164 ‘Little Sea’. See ‘Little Sea’ philia , 61 , 74 , 163 Bronze Age Iasos, 105 – 108 , 110 , 111 , 119 syngeneia , 74 , 147 , 160 , 161 , 162 , 163 , 164 epigraphy, 146 Kition Idrieus, son of Hekatomnos, 52 , 59n. 160 Kitian merchants at Athens, 202 dedications at Labraunda, 46n. 88 Kızılbel, 70n. 81 Iliad, 1 , 34 Kizzuwatna, 114 Indo- European languages, 1 , 23 , Klaros, 74 , 75 23n. 111 , 112n. 140 Klazomenai, 8n. 37 , 38n. 35 , 48n. 97 , insularity, 10 , 10n. 43 198n. 48 intentional history, 89 Knidos, 12 , 13 , 13n. 68 , 108 , 119 intermarriage, 42 , 91 , 135 , 185 , 187 peninsula. See Datça peninsula mixed marriage, 24n. 115 , 40 Knossos, 122n. 202 , 125 , 131 , 136n. 58 , 141 , Ionia, 3 , 52 , 80n. 148 142n. 95 , 152n. 148 , 154 ‘Ionian migration’, 4 , 38 , 39n. 41 , 40 , 66 , 67 , dispute with Gortyn, 147n. 121 , 182 , 91 , 92 , 92n. 8 , 94 , 95 , 120 , 123 185n. 86 cities of Ionia, 38n. 35 , 66 , 74 , 91n. 6 early excavations, 16 , 17 , 18n. 87 dialects, 48 – 49 , 59 First Cretan War, 142 Ionian mercenaries, 34 – 36 , 44 grant of proxenia by Maussollos and Ionian revolt, 51 Artemisia, 14 , 125 , 148n. 127 Panionion, 51n. 118 Lyttian War, 153n. 154 , 154 Isagoras, 202n. 68 sailors from Knossos in the Homeric Isis, 202 , 203 , 204 , 204n. 83 Hymn , 121 isopoliteia. See politeia treaty with Miletos. See treaties: between Itanos, 14 , 121 , 147n. 121 , 152n. 153 , 182 , 203 , Miletos and Cretan cities 203n. 78 Kodros, 66 , 74 , 75 , 76n. 118 , 91 , 91n. 8 , 92n. 8 Kabeiroi, 84 , 84n. 183 , 85n. 185 Kolophon, 38n. 35 , 48n. 97 , 110 Kadmos, 5n. 20 , 170 Konon, mythographer, 68 , 77 , 194n. 28 Kaikos River, 113 Korybantes/ Kyrbantes, 84–87 Kalash population, 96 cult of, 85–86 Kalymnos, 10n. 47 , 111 Kos, 7 , 10 , 10n. 44 , 13 , 14 , 24n. 115 , 85 , 100 , Kamares ware, 101 , 107n. 97 101n. 72 , 107 , 107n. 101 , 136 , 136n. 58 , Kaplan Kalesi. See Salmakis 139n. 76 , 175n. 49 , 197 , 198 Kar. See Caria: Kar kosmoi, 191 , 191n. 11 Karabel, 97 , 110 , 113 at Euromos, 190 – 192 , 197n. 45

262 Index

Kouretes , 81–87 local dynasts, 146n. 113 , 156n. 181 at Ephesos. See Ephesos: kouretes Loryma, 81n. 156 , 204 Carian kouretes, 87 peninsula, 10 cults of, 83 – 84 , 86 Lukka Lands, 20 , 114 , 114n. 154 , 115 , 115n. Zeus Kretagenes and the Kouretes. See Zeus: 155 , 116 , 118n. 181 , 119 Zeus Kretagenes Luwian, 23 , 23n. 112 , 24 , 46 , 71 Kranaos, king of Athens, 174 , 174n. 37 Luwic languages, 1 , 46 , 70n. 79 tribe at Kaunos, 69n. 66 Luwiya, 112n. 140 Krētinai/Krētinaion , 76 , 80 , 186 Lycia, 12 , 26 , 32 , 52 , 57 , 114 Kretopolis, 134 , 135 Cretan kinship, 69 , 74 Kriou Metōpon , 13 Lycian language, 1 , 24n. 118 , 46 , 49n. 105 , Kültepe, 97 70n. 79 , 72 , 112n. 140 Kydonia, 132 , 152n. 153 , 162n. 219 , 163 mythologies, 54 , 66 , 68 , 73 , 78 , 79 , 161 , 162 Kytenion, 164 Lydia, , 6n. 24 , 32 , 37 , 45n. 79 , 48 , 48n. 97 , 51 Kytenian delegation to Xanthos, 160 – 162 , Lydian language, 16 , 17 , 21 , 23 , 41n. 56 , 46 , 164 , 170 65 , 65n. 37 , 112n. 140 Lydos, 6 Labraunda, 18 , 53 , 55n. 142 , 56n. 142 , 155 , 156 , Lyttian War, 15n. 77 , 147 , 153n. 154 , 154 , 156n. 176 , 156n. 181 , 172n. 26 , 201 165n. 241 , 182 , 183 Andrones, 46n. 88 Lyttos, 15n. 76 , 153n. 154 confl ict with Mylasa, 55 , 146 , 157 , 157n. 191 , 157n. 193 Mackenzie, D., 18 , 25 cult. See Zeus Labraundos Madduwatta, 116 , 116n. 168 excavations, 19 , 20 , 105 Maeander River, 32 , 76 , 98 Hekatomnid patronage, 46 myth, 69 origins of the name, 21 , 24 , 24n. 113 , 50 valley, 8 , 32n. 1 , 58n. 158 , 66 , 97 , 116 labrys , 21 – 23 Magas of Cyrene, 134 , 189n. 2 Labyrinth, 21 , 23 , 24 , 24n. 113 , 194n. 28 Magnesia- on- the- Maeander, 30 , 76 , 80 , 81 , Lagina, 54n. 136 , 55 , 82 , 176 , 176n. 52 131 , 139n. 76 , 182n. 74 , 212 Lappa, 125 , 125n. 8 , 162n. 219 ‘origin myth’, 77 – 78 , 169 , 177 , 187 , 212 Latmos, 6n. 27 , 185 arbitration on Crete, 147 , 182 , 183 Mount Latmos, 6n. 27 , 34n. 12 , 60n. 166 , connection to Delphi, 76 , 77 , 180 , 115 , 172 , 172n. 25 181n. 67 Old Latmos, 10n. 48 Cretan settlers at Myus. See Myus Lato, 131n. 18 , 133n. 38 , 152n. 153 , I. Magnesia 20, 178 – 180 162n. 219 , 199n. 51 ktistēs . See Leukippos law codes, 197 , 198 , 207n. 101 Leukophryena delegations, 163 – 164 , Lebedos, 38n. 35 , 48n. 97 170 , 178 synoikism with Teos, 197 – 199 Th essalian origins. See Th essaly Leleges, 2 , 4 , 38 , 57n. 152 , 68 Malla, 133n. 38 , 149 , 152n. 146 , 152n. 147 , Lelegian identity, 57 – 58 152n. 150 Lesbos, 118 Mandrolytos, 78 Lazpa, 118 Manthios River, 76n. 120 , 78 Lethaios River, 76 Manto, 75 Leto, 82 maritime itineraries Leukippos, 6 , 169 , 180 , 181 periplous, 9 , 10n. 41 Leukophrys, 80n. 145 portolans, 10n. 45 myth, 65n. 34 , 79 , 80 , 80n. 146 routes between the Aegean and Libya, 8 , 13 , 78n. 128 , 121 , 170 Egypt, 13 , 14 lieux de mémoire, 65 seasonal conditions, 12 – 14 Liman Tepe, 109 Marmor Parium, 91n. 6 , 94n. 23 , 94n. 24 , Lindian Chronicle, 169 95 , 170 Linear A, 24 , 102 , 107 Marsyas River, 110 Linear B, 23 , 103 Maussollos, 5n. 17 , 14 , 50 , 52 , 57 , 59 , 59n. 160 , ‘Little Sea’, 156 – 157 136 , 138 , 156

Index 263

award of proxenia to the Knossians, 14 , 125 , Mopsos, 75 148n. 127 Mother Goddess, 18 , 84 , 84n. 184 , 85 , 87 dedications at Labraunda, 46 , 46n. 88 Mursili II, 113 , 117n. 175 , 118 Maussolleion, 176 Müsgebi necropolis, 109 , 110 , 111n. 136 Megalopolis, 165 Mycenaean civilisation Melia, 38 , 39n. 39 chamber tombs, 103 , 109 , 110 , Melos, 12 110n. 129 , 111 Melqart, 41n. 56 identifi cation with Ahhiyawa. meltem. See etesians See Ahhiyawa Memphis, 35 – 36 Mycenaeanisation, 99 Hellēnikon, 35 terracotta fi gurines, 103 , 107 Karikon, 35 Mykale, Mount, 34 , 34n. 12 , 78 , 121 mercenaries, 135 , 135n. 52 , 186 , 191n. 8 , 203 , Mylasa, 17 , 52 , 52n. 122 , 53 , 54 , 56n. 142 , 84 , 203n. 77 , 205n. 89 137 , 201 , 204 , 205 , 205n. 89 , 208 , 208n. Carian mercenaries, 7 – 8 , 34 – 36 , 43 , 45 , 49 101 , 210 , 211 Cretan mercenaries, 133 – 134 , 148 , 159 , 195 , access to the sea, 157 , 159 206 – 207 Cretan decrees, 124 , 137 – 149 , 155 , 158 – 159 , settled at Myus. See Myus 206n. 94 middle ground, 28 , 44 cult of Zeus Kretagenes. See Zeus Miletos, 1 , 10 , 34 , 34n. 12 , 38n. 35 , 40n. 49 , Kretagenes and the Kouretes 48 , 59n. 159 , 60 , 72 , 76 , 84 , 84n. 176 , 86 , cults. See Zeus Karios, Zeus Osogō/ 131n. 18 , 132n. 29 , 145n. 107 , 178n. 61 , Zenoposeidon 201n. 54 , 210 dispute over Labraunda, 55 , 146 , 156 , 157 , archaeology and mythology, 92 , 122 , 123 , 211 158n. 193 Bronze Age, 21 , 100 – 104 , 110 , 111 , 117 , 118 epigraphy, 143 – 146 customs, 40 , 68 myth, 54 foundation mythology, 66–69, 72–73, native city of the Hekatomnids, 33 , 91–92 , 186n. 97 137 , 156 iden tifi cation with Millawanda. See phylai, 58n. 157 , 157 Millawanda sympoliteiai, 158 , 172n. 20 , 192 – 193 , 199 isopoliteia treaty with Herakleia. See treaties Mys, from Europos/ Euromos, 45 peace treaty with Magnesia. See treaties Mysia, 6 , 32 , 48 , 51 settlement of Cretan mercenaries. See Myus Mysos, 6 stephanephoroi lists, 145n. 105 Myus, 38n. 35 , 48 , 182 , 182n. 73 , 183 – 185 treaties with Crete. See treaties settlement of Cretan mercenaries, 134 – 135 , Millawanda, 115 , 116 , 117 183 – 186 , 206 – 207 Milyan, 46 , 69 , 70n. 74 Mimnermus of Kolophon, 39n. 41 Nastes, 34 Minoan civilisation, 98 Naukratis, 45n. 79 conical cups, 100 , 101 , 105 , 109 , 111 Naxia, Caria, 121 Minoanisation, 99 Naxos, 6 , 121 seals, 100 myth, 6 , 6n. 27 wall painting techniques, 102 Nearchos, 10n. 41 , 134n. 44 , 137 Minos, 67n. 53 , 69 , 71 , 73n. 102 , 80 Neileus, 37 , 66 , 72 , 119 and Miletos, 66 , 91 , 120 grave, 65n. 34 , 92n. 9 chronology, 94 , 94n. 23 , 170 networks labyrinth, 17 , 21 , 194n. 28 ‘networks of relatedness’, 160 , 187 lawgiver, 208n. 101 southeast Aegean, 15 , 27 , 159 , 189 , 212 lineage, 5 , 210 Nikanor, Seleukid high priest, 190 , 196 , relationship with the Carians, 2 , 3 , 7 , 30 , 196n. 40 74 , 76 , 80 Ninos. See Assyria: Ninos and Sicily, 93 , 93n. 16 , 194n. 28 Semiramis thalassocracy. See thalassocracy of Minos Nisyros, 10n. 44 , 10n. 47 , 14 Mira, 20 , 97 , 113 , 114 , 115 Nonnus, 68 , 86 Tarkasnawa, king of Mira, 97 , 114 Nysa, 22n. 107

264 Index

oikeiotēs . See kinship, terminology prostatēs of the Cretan koinon, 15 , 141 , 158 , Oinopion, 65n. 34 , 74n. 105 , 74n. 106 159 , 181 , 206 Olophernes, the Persian, 137 Philippeis. See Euromos Olous, 125 , 131n. 18 , 134 , 142 , 152n. 153 , 155 Philopoimen, 15n. 77 Olymos, 52 , 84 Phoenicians, 3 , 5 , 12 , 13n. 65 sympoliteia with Mylasa, 157 , 157n. 191 , 192 Phoenician language, 41n. 56 Olympichos, 146 , 146n. 113 , 156 , 156n. 181 Phokaia, 15n. 77 , 38n. 35 , 48n. 97 Omphale, Lydian queen, 17 Phrygia, 6n. 24 , 20 , 32 , 32n. 2 , 33n. 7 , 57 , 84 onomastics, 51 , 59 , 59n. 160 , 80n. 148 , 135 , Physkos, 138n. 69 199 , 210 Pidasa, 50 , 59n. 159 , 131n. 18 , 173n. 35 Carian names, 24 , 41 , 59 , 135n. 53 Pihaššašši, Luwian storm god, 70n. 81 double- names, 41 , 41n. 56 Pilavtepe, 110 opposition between ‘Greeks’ and ‘Others’, 5 , 28 , Pillars of Herakles, 8 34 , 44 , 120 piracy, 3–4 , 132 , 153 – 154 oracles, 32n. 2 , 34n. 14 , 45 , 77 , 77n. 128 , 78 , Cretan piracy, 149 – 155 78n. 128 , 80 , 82 , 170 , 178 Pisidia, 32 , 32n. 2 , 57n. 152 , 84 , 113 , 134 Ortygia, 65 , 82 , 172n. 27 Pisye, 204 Otōrkondeis, 58n. 157 , 192 Pixodaros, son of Hekatomnos, 136 Ovid, 67 Piyamaradu. See Tawagalawa Letter Plarasa. See Aphrodisias Palaikastro, 18n. 87 Plato, 36 , 48n. 97 , 97n. 42 , 181 , 202n. 69 Hymn to Zeus , 81n. 154 , 173n. 28 , 195n. 36 Pleistarchos, 11n. 48 , 172n. 26 Pamphylia, 12 , 13n. 67 , 74 , 78 , 115 , 125 Pliny the Elder, 8n. 37 , 13n. 64 , 72 , 72n. 97 , Pamphylian gulf, 78 76n. 121 , 80 , 80n. 147 , 174n. 37 Pan, 203 Plutarch, 16 , 21 , 22 , 38 Panamara, 50n. 113 , 55n. 137 , 156 politeia , 131 , 132 , 135 Panyassis, 40 , 41 Polybius, 36 , 141n. 88 , 151 , 153 , 156 , epic poet, 174 , 175 158n. 196 , 160n. 205 , 183 , 197 Parthenius of Nicaea, 67 , 68 , 78 , 79 , 181 Potnia Aswiya, 118 Passala, port of Mylasa, 138n. 69 Priansos, 152n. 153 , 165 Patara, 13n. 67 , 114n. 154 , 201 Priene, 34n. 12 , 38n. 35 , 39n. 39 , 48 , 83 , 84 , Pausanias, 50 , 53 , 65 , 67 , 67n. 53 , 74 , 75 , 91 , 166 , 171 , 183 , 204n. 83 91n. 8 , 92n. 9 , 140n. 83 proxenia, 14 , 27 , 136n. 58 , 137 , 148n. 127 , 152 , Peace of Apameia, 146n. 111 , 183 152n. 148 , 199 Pedasa, 156 , 173n. 35 Psammetichos I, 34 peer polity interaction, 27 Psammetichos II, 36 Pegasos, 70n. 81 , 210 Psammetichos III, 36n. 21 and Bellerophon, 54 , 60 , 60n. 166 , 70 , 97 , Pseudo- Skylax, 10n. 41 , 10n. 48 173 , 174n. 36 Ptolemaic kingdom, 14 , 55n. 137 , 56 , 133 , and Chrysaor, 53 , 70n. 81 158n. 196 , 196 , 201 , 203 , 203n. 78 coinage, 54 , 173 Ptolemy II Philadelphos, 55n. 137 , Pelasgians, 4 , 57 55n. 142 , 136 Pelops, 6n. 24 Ptolemy III Euergetes, 136 peraiai, 11n. 49 Ptolemy IV Philopator, 133 , 158n. 196 , 162 , Rhodian. See Rhodes: peraia 178n. 59 Perge, 125 , 125n. 8 Ptolemy VI Philometor, 15n. 75 Persian wars, 14 , 93 Pylos, 91n. 8 Persson, A.W., 19 , 20 , 23 Pylos tablets, 118 Phaistos, 77 , 152n. 151 Philip of Th eangela, 33 , 48 , 57 Rhadamanthys, 5 , 66 , 67n. 53 , 69n. 66 , 71 , 73 , Philip V, 15n. 77 , 55 , 146 , 154 , 156 , 157n. 193 , 73n. 102 , 210 158 , 159n. 198 , 170 , 178n. 59 , 182 foundation of Chios, 73 alliance with Antiochos III, 158n. 196 foundation of Erythrai, 74 at Euromos, 145n. 108 , 191 , 197 , 206 tribe at Kaunos, 69 , 76 Carian campaign, 145 , 155 , 182 , 183 , 185 Rhakios, founder of Klaros, 74 , 75

Index 265

Rhea, 81 , 85 , 86 on the kouretes , etc., 82 , 86 , 87n. 206 Rhodes, 10 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 14n. 70 , 24n. 115 , 33 , on the Leleges, 57 – 58 , 58n. 156 80 , 85 , 159 , 166 , 169 , 174 , 205n. 89 Stratonikeia, 53 , 54 , 54n. 130 , 56 , 56n. 142 , Bronze Age, 108n. 105 , 110n. 118 , 111 125n. 8 , 133 , 138n. 68 , 201n. 54 First Cretan War, 142 , 154 , 154n. 162 anciently called Chrysaoris, 54 peraia, 10 , 10n. 48 , 156 , 204 epigraphy, 146 siege, 11n. 48 , 154 Macedonian settlement, 55n. 137 , 134 treaty with Hierapytna, 133 , 155 Sulla, 22n. 107 treaty with Olous, 134 Sybrita, 125 , 132 , 162n. 219 Euthybios from Sybrita, 125 , 199 Salbakos Mountains, 32 sympoliteia, 59n. 159 , 157 , 157n. 192 , Salmakis, 38 , 40 , 59 , 176 172n. 20 , 192 inscription, 54n. 133 , 59 , 69n. 66 , 86 , syngeneia . See kinship, terminology 172n. 25 , 173 – 176 synoikism, 57 , 197 – 199 Samos, 7 , 13 , 38n. 35 , 39n. 39 , 66 , 73 , 135n. 52 , 158n. 196 , 166 Tabai, 32n. 2 Sappho, 172n. 21 Tarhunt, 47n. 92 Saqqara, 36 Tarhuntassa, 114 Sarapis, 203 , 204 , 204n. 83 Tarkasnawa, king of Mira, 97 , 114 Sardis, 65 , 97 , 114 , 200n. 53 Tawagalawa Letter, 116 – 117 , 119 Sarpedon, 5 , 67n. 53 , 72 , 210 Teichiussa, 108 Anatolian origin, 71 – 72 Telchines, 84 , 85 , 85n. 185 , 170 and Miletos, 66 – 67 , 73 , 91 Tenedos, 20n. 96 demes, 72 Teos, 38n. 35 , 48n. 97 , 124 , 132 , 150n. 134 , in Lycia, 54n. 130 , 69 , 70n. 74 , 71 , 72 , 74 155 , 158 , 165 , 200n. 53 Sarpedoneion, 72 , 72n. 93 Cretan grants of asylia , 140 , 162 Scholion on Apollonius Rhodius, 79 synoikism with Lebedos, 197 – 199 Seha River Land, 113 , 114 , 115 , 118 thalassocracy Sekköy, 53 , 54 , 70n. 78 , 156 Carian thalassocracy, 7 , 7n. 32 , 18 Seleukid kingdom, 15 , 56n. 142 , 163n. 225 , of Minos, 1 , 4 , 7n. 32 , 11 , 11n. 55 , 29 , 73 , 193 , 195n. 34 , 206 , 207 120 , 211 offi cial dating formula, 190 , 196 , 200 Th aletas, 166 , 208n. 101 Seleukos I, 134 , 194n. 30 Th eangela, 158n. 196 Seleukos II, 146 , 156 , 157n. 193 Th ebes, 45 , 191n. 8 liberation of Mylasa, 156 , 157 , 158n. 195 Th eocritus, 172n. 21 liberation of Smyrna, 158n. 195 Th era, 101 , 107n. 103 , 121 , 121n. 196 , 121n. Seljuks, 16n. 82 197 , 125n. 8 , 170 , 203 Semiramis. See Assyria: Ninos and Carian Th era, 54 Semiramis Th essaly, 77n. 128 , 135 , 164 , 205n. 89 , 207n. 98 Sidon, 12 Th essalian origins of Magnesia, 76 , 77 , 164 , 169 Sinuri, 157 Th orax, Mount, 78 Smyrna, 22n. 107 , 38n. 35 , 39n. 41 , 109 , Th race, 194n. 28 , 204n. 79 136n. 56 , 158n. 195 Th racians in Athens. See Bendis at Athens social memory, 62 , 64 , 65 , 89 , 94 , 96 Th ucydides, 3 , 7 , 13 , 42 , 45 , 108n. 108 , 194 rituals, 123n. 208 , 172 Th yateira, 98 St Paul, 12 time, conception of, 62 Stephanus of Byzantium, 6 , 6n. 27 , 32n. 2 , 35 , genealogies, 4 , 62–63 , 210 50n. 109 , 54 , 69 , 69n. 70 , 70 , 80 , 98n. 46 , Tiresias, 75 138n. 69 , 206n. 97 Tlos, 72 , 114n. 154 Strabo, 7 , 61 , 65 , 70n. 74 , 76 , 77 , 84 , 98 , treaties, 15 , 16 , 53 , 133 , 145n. 105 , 145n. 107 , 154n. 162 , 172 , 176 149 , 153n. 155 discussion of barbarophōnoi , 42 – 45 between Eumenes II and the Kretan koinon, on Caria, 4 , 7 , 32 , 32n. 2 , 53 , 55 , 70 , 134 , 133n. 38 , 142 138 , 138n. 69 between Miletos and Cretan cities, 152 , on Crete, 5 , 11 , 13 , 15 , 151 152n. 151 , 186n. 99

266 Index

Tlos (cont.) Yazılıkaya, 20 , 20n. 97 Hittite treaties, 113 , 115 isopoliteia treaty between Herakleia and Zenon of Crete, 166n. 246 Miletos, 183 Zenon of Kaunos, 136 , 137 , 201 peace treaty between Hierapytna and archive, 13n. 67 , 201 Rhodes, 133 , 155 Zenoposeidon. See Zeus: Zeus Osogō/ peace treaty between Magnesia and Miletos, Zenoposeidon 171 , 183 , 185 Zeus Trianda, 108n. 105 , 111 Zeus Akraios, 86 – 87 , 173 , 173n. 32 Triopion, 11n. 55 , 13 , 13n. 68 Zeus Atabyrios, 80 , 204 Troad, 84n. 183 , 114 Zeus Basileus. See Basileus, cult of Troizen, 38 , 59 , 174 Zeus Bottiaios, 194 – 195 Troy, 7 , 77 , 97 , 97n. 42 , 114 Zeus Chrysaoreus, 53 , 56 Trojan War, 71 , 71n. 86 , 91 , 95 Zeus Idrieus, 54n. 132 Tudhaliya I/ II, 113 , 116 , 118n. 181 Zeus Karios, 6 , 51 , 138 , 138n. 67 , Tudhaliya IV, 114 , 114n. 154 202n. 68 Tyre, 13n. 65 Zeus Kretagenes and the Kouretes, 4 , 31 , 84 , 87 , 145n. 107 , 171 , 189 , 190 , 196 , Uhhaziti, king of Arzawa, 113 , 115 , 116 197 , 205 , 212 Uluburun shipwreck, 26 Zeus Kretagenetas and Diktynna, 4 , 31 , 189 , 190 – 191 , 192 , 207 , 212 Venetians. See Crete, Venetian Candia Zeus Labraundaios in Egypt, 201 Vitruvius, 38 , 38n. 35 , 39n. 39 , 41 , 59 , 176 Zeus Labraundos, 16 , 22 , 82 , 140 , 158n. 194 , 201 , 201n. 54 , 202 Wilusa, 113 , 114 , 115 Zeus Osogō/ Zenoposeidon, 50 , 140 , 158n. 194 Xanthos, 72 , 72n. 93 , 84n. 174 , 115n. 154 , 196 Zeus Otōrkondeōn. See Otōrkondeis Kytenian delegation. See Kytenion Zeus Panamaros, 82 myth, 70 Zeus Soter, 203n. 78 , 204n. 79 Xenomedes of Keos, 71n. 83 Zeus Spalōxos, 82 Xenophon of Ephesos, 13 Zeuxis, 190 – 191 , 192 , 197