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PDF Formatlı Tadımlık Için Tıklayınız Karialılar Denizcilerden Kent Kuruculara The Carians From Seafarers to City Builders 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 1 18.11.2020 10:22 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 2 18.11.2020 10:22 Karialılar Denizcilerden Kent Kuruculara The Carians From Seafarers to City Builders Hazırlayanlar | Edited by Olivier C. Henry Ayşe Belgin-Henry 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 3 18.11.2020 10:22 Karialılar Denizcilerden Kent Kuruculara The Carians From Seafarers to City Builders Anadolu Uygarlıkları Serisi’nin dokuzuncu kitabıdır. Bu seri Tüpraş - Yapı Kredi Yayınları işbirliği ile hazırlanmıştır. This is the ninth book in the Anatolian Civilizations Series. A co-publication of Tüpraş - Yapı Kredi Culture, Arts and Publishing. Yapı Kredi Yayınları - 5705 ISBN 978-975-08-4876-6 Proje Koordinatörü Project Coordinator Yapı Kredi Müzesi Müdürü Director of Yapı Kredi Museum Nihat Tekdemir Hazırlayanlar Edited by Olivier C. Henry Ayşe Belgin-Henry Editör Editor Nihat Tekdemir Redaksiyon Redaction Derya Önder Çeviriler Translations G. Bike Yazıcıoğlu, İpek Dağlı Dinçer Grafik Tasarım Graphic Design Nahide Dikel, Arzu Yaraş Düzelti Proofreading Filiz Özkan, Merete Çakmak Baskı Print Ofset Yapımevi Çağlayan Mah. Şair Sk. No: 4 Kağıthane - İstanbul Telefon: (0 212) 295 86 01 • www.ofset.com Sertifika No: 45354 1. baskı: İstanbul, Kasım 2020 1st printing: Istanbul, November 2020 © Ya p› Kre di Kül tür Sa nat Ya y›n c› l›k Ti ca ret ve Sa na yi A.Ş. 2020 Sertifika No Certificate No 44719 Bütün yayın hakları saklıdır. Kaynak gösterilerek tanıtım için yapılacak kısa alıntılar dışında yayıncının yazılı izni olmaksızın hiçbir yolla çoğaltılamaz. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from the publisher. Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık Ticaret ve Sanayi A.Ş. İstiklal Caddesi No: 161 Beyoğlu 34433 İstanbul Telefon: (0 212) 252 47 00 Faks: (0 212) 293 07 23 http://www.ykykultur.com.tr e-posta: [email protected] facebook.com/yapikrediyayinlari twitter.com/YKYHaber instagram.com/yapikrediyayinlari Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık PEN International Publishers Circle üyesidir. 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 4 18.11.2020 10:22 İçindekiler Contents İBRAHİM YELMENOĞLU Hayaller Sınırlardan Büyüktür Dreams Know No Boundaries • VIII - IX OLIVIER C. HENRY Karia’nın Katmanları AYŞE BELGİN-HENRY The Strata of Caria • XII - XVII KARİA COĞRAFYASI CARIAN GEOGRAPHY GARY REGER Bölgesel Bağlamda Karia’nın Sınırları, Hudutları ve Sınır Bölgeleri Carian Frontiers, Boundaries, and Borderlands in a Regional Context • 2 YAZILI KAYNAKLAR VE TARİH SOURCES AND HISTORY ALEXANDER HERDA Karia Halkının ve Karkisˇa-Karia Ülkesinin Erken Dönemlerdeki Kökenleri The Early Beginnings of the Carian People and the Land of Karkiša-Caria • 14 SEVİNÇ GÜNEL Karia Bölgesi’nin Kentleşme Sürecinde Çine-Tepecik Höyüğü The Process of Urbanization in Caria in Light of Çine-Tepecik Mound • 28 PIERRE BRIANT Akhaimenid Hâkimiyeti Altında Karia ve Karialılar Caria and Carians Under Achaemenid Rule • 42 ALAIN BRESSON Hellenistik Dönem’de Karia Caria in the Hellenistic Period • 50 CHRISTOF BERNS Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde Karia Roman Caria • 56 ANNA M. SITZ Geç Antikçağ ve Bizans Dönemi’nde Karia Late Antique and Byzantine Caria • 62 KADİR PEKTAŞ Karia’dan Menteşe’ye: Güneybatı Anadolu’nun Yeni Hâkimleri ve Eserleri From Caria to Menteşe: The New Masters of Southwest Anatolia and Their Monuments • 78 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 5 18.11.2020 10:22 KARİA TANRILARI VE KUTSAL ALANLARI CARIAN GODS AND SANCTUARIES OLIVIER C. HENRY Labraunda’nın Kısa Arkeolojik Tarihi A Short Archaeological History of Labraunda • 96 SUAT ATEŞLİER Sinuri Sinuri • 116 ZELİHA GİDER BÜYÜKÖZER Lagina Lagina • 124 CHRISTINA G. WILLIAMSON Panamara Zeus Kutsal Alanı - Karia Tapınağından Kent Kutsal Alanına The Sanctuary of Zeus at Panamara - From Carian Shrine to Urban Sanctuary • 140 ALEXANDER HERDA Dağlık Amyzon’daki (Bağarcık Kale) Zeus Akraios ve Thea Akre Tapınağı The Temple of Zeus Akraios and Thea Akre at Amyzon-at-the-Rock (Bağarcık Kale) • 156 YAŞAM VE ÜRETİM PRATİKLERİ PRACTICES AND PRODUCTION ANNELIESE PESCHLOW-BINDOKAT Latmos’taki Prehistorik Kaya Resimleri The Prehistoric Rock Paintings of Mount Latmus • 174 MEHMET NEZİH AYTAÇLAR Karia’nın Erken Demir Çağı ve Arkaik Dönem Seramiği The Early Iron Age and Archaic Pottery in Caria • 188 IGNASI-XAVIER ADIEGO Karia Dili The Carian Language • 210 POUL PEDERSEN Batı Küçük Asya Mimarlığında İonia Rönesansı The Ionian Renaissance in the Architecture of Western Asia Minor • 220 KORAY KONUK Karia Bölgesi’nin Arkaik ve Klasik Dönem Sikkeleri Archaic and Classical Coins of Caria • 240 ÖLÜ GÖMME GELENEKLERİ FUNERARY MATTERS ADNAN DİLER Taşların Efendisi Leleg Halkının Ana Kenti Pedasa’da Geç Tunç-Erken Demir Çağı’nda Yaşam ve Ölüm Life and Death in the Bronze Age and Early Iron Age in Pedasa, the Metropolis of the Lelegians, Masters of Stone • 254 ABUZER KIZIL Mylasa’da (Milas) Elit Aile Mezarları Elite Family Tombs in Mylasa (Milas) • 274 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 6 18.11.2020 10:22 PAAVO ROOS Karia’nın Kayaya Oyulmuş Tapınak-Mezarları Rock-cut temple-tombs in Caria • 284 OLIVIER C. HENRY Karia Anıtsal Mezarları ve Maussolleionları Üzerine Bir Araştırma A Survey of Carian Monumental Tombs and Mausolea • 296 KENTLER CITIES FRANK RUMSCHEID Mylasa (Milas) Mylasa • 322 POUL PEDERSEN Halikarnassos – Karia’nın Metropolisi Herodotos ve Maussollos’un Şehri Halicarnassus – The Carian Metropolis City of Herodotus and Mausolus • 344 R. R. R. SMITH Aphrodisias Aphrodisias • 368 ERTEKİN M. DOKSANALTI Knidos Cnidus • 390 FEDE BERTI İasos Iasos • 406 CENGİZ IŞIK Geride Bırakılan 50 Yılın Arkeolojiye Kazandırdığı İlkleri ile Kaunos Looking Back on 50 Years of Research at Caunus: An Ancient City of Pioneering Archaeological Discoveries • 422 RICHARD POSAMENTIR Latmos Herakleiası Heracleia under Latmus • 446 PETER RUGGENDORFER Alinda – Kuzey Karia’da Güçlü Surlarla Çevrili Bir Yerleşim Alinda – A Strong Fortified Settlement in Northern Caria • 466 WINFRIED HELD Gergakome Gergakome • 480 BİLAL SÖĞÜT Stratonikeia’da Yerleşim Tarihi ve Kentsel Doku Stratoniceia’s Settlement History and Urban Fabric • 488 DİZİN INDEX • 505 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 7 18.11.2020 10:22 Hayaller Sınırlardan Büyüktür Anadolu toprakları, ilk defa tarihçi Herodotos’un bahsettiği “Dünyanın Yedi Harikası”ndan ikisine ev sahipliği yapan, kadim ve eşsiz bir coğrafyadır. Bu eser- lerden biri İzmir’in Selçuk ilçesinde yer alan Ephesos Artemis Tapınağı, diğeri Muğla’nın Bodrum ilçesinde yer alan Karia kralı Maussollos’un anıtmezarıdır. MÖ 4. yüzyılda inşa edilen ve günümüzde “Halikarnas Mozolesi” olarak bilinen Hali- karnassos Maussolleionu işçiliği, ihtişamı ve şöhretiyle birçok anıtmezarı gölgesinde bırakmıştır. İleri görüşlü bir yönetici olan Maussollos’un hayalinin ürünü bu yapı, yetenekli mimarlar ve heykeltıraşların eliyle Yunan ve Pers mimari geleneğinde yük- selmiş ve insanlık kültür tarihinde yüzyıllar boyunca tekrarlanacak bir mimari stan- dart oluşturmuştur. “Maussolleion”, adını her ne kadar Karialı Maussollos’tan alsa da kelimenin anlamı zaman içinde genişlemiştir. Kralın ismi, mensubu olduğu Hekatomnos Hanedanı’nın adı hafızalardan silindikten çok sonra bile hatırlanmış ve günümüzde dünyanın dört bir yanından duyulan bir yankı yaratmıştır. Illinois, Springfield’daki Lincoln’ün mezarından Moskova Kızıl Meydan’daki Lenin’in mezarına, hatta mo- dern Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin kurucu lideri Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün Ankara’da- ki Anıtkabir’ine kadar, dünya tarihinde kalıcı izler bırakan liderlerin anıtmezarları için de bir model olmuştur. Koç Topluluğu ve Tüpraş olarak; tarih, kültür ve sanat alanlarında “Enerjimiz Bitmez” diyerek 2011 yılında 12 kitaptan oluşan “Anadolu Uygarlıkları Serisi” hazır- lama hayaliyle çıkmıştık yola... Serinin Urartular, Frigler, Hititler, Pergamon, Lykialılar, Persler, Assurlular, Hellenistik ve Roma Dönemlerinde Anadolu başlıklı kitaplarından son- ra hazırlanan dokuzuncu kitabı Karialılar: Denizcilerden Kent Kuruculara isimli yeni kitabımızla bu hayale bir adım daha yaklaşmanın ve Karialıları bütün yönleriyle okuyucularla buluşturmanın mutluluğunu yaşıyoruz. Bu topraklar için “Hayallerimiz Bitmez.” Söz yine bereketli Anadolu topraklarında. İbrahim Yelmenoğlu Genel Müdür Kasım 2020 VIII KARİALILAR Denizcilerden Kent Kuruculara 00_jenerik_onsoz_Karia.indd 8 18.11.2020 10:22 Dreams Know No Boundaries The ancient land of Anatolia embodies a unique and rich cultural heritage. Anatolia is also home to two of the “Seven Wonders of the Ancient World” first accounted by the historian Herodotus: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus in Selçuk (Izmir) and the monu- mental tomb of Mausolus, Dynast and Satrap of Caria, in Bodrum (Muğla). Commonly known as the “Mausoleum of Halicarnassus” today, this monument was constructed in the 4th century BC and gained eminence in the ancient world as an architectural feat outshining its contemporaries in its fine workmanship and glamour. Envisioned by a farsighted ruler and crafted by the skillful architects and sculptors of its time, the Maus- solleion earned its place in the canon of Greek and Persian architectural traditions and became an architectural convention adapted in many places around the world through- out history. Although the name of this structure, “Maussolleion,” was derived from the name of Mausolus, the word ‘mausoleum’ acquired the broader sense of ‘monumental tomb’ over time. Through this word, the name of this Carian king of the Hecatomnid Dynasty has outlived his long-forgotten forefathers and
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