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Antik Alinda Kentindeki Pazar Yapisi

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Antik Alinda Kentindeki Pazar Yapisi ANTIK ALINDA KENTINDEKI PAZAR YAPISI Yrd. Doç. Dr. SEYHAN DORUK ~~ ~ Bu yaz~m~zda konu edece~imiz yap~ , Bat Anadolu'da, Ayd n ili Çine ~nt~s~d~r. ilçesine ba~l~~ Karpuzlu buca~~ndaki ören yerinin en görkemli kal ~ ~ Karya Satrab~~ Maussollos'un k~zkarde~i K raliçe Ada'n n Halikarnassos'- ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~u 2 antik tan ayr~lmak zorunda kald~~~~ ~.O. 340 y llar nda yerle mi oldu ~~ ~ Alinda kenti üzerinde bugüne dek yeterli ara~t~rma yap~lmam t r 3. Burada ~~ ya da yap~lacak kaz~~ ve ara~t~rmalar~n, kentin çözümlenememi ~ ~ ~ ~ ~l~~ çözümlendi~i kabul edilen birçok sorunlar na aç kl k getirece i, buna ba ~~ ~~~na olarak mimarl~k tarihine, kent planc~l~~ma ve Hellenistik Ça mimarl ~ yeni boyutlar kazand~raca~~~ gerçektir. i~te bu dü ünceden hareketle kentin K~saltmalarda süreli yay~nlar için Archüologische Bibliographie 1982 de verilenler ~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ kullan~lm~~ t~r. Bu listede bulunmayanlar tarafim~zdan k s lt lm ya da aç kça belirtilmi tir. ~ Önceleri Demircidere veya Demircideresi olarak adland~nan ve 1975 say~m na göre 2600 nüfuslu Karpuzlu buca~~na, Ayd~ n-Mu~la karayolundan, Çine'ye 6 km. kala güneybanya ayr~ lan 27 km. lik asfalt bir yolla ula~~lmaktad~r. ilk olarak 1764 te Pococke ve ~ ~ Chandler taraf~ndan ziyaret edilen Dernircidere'deki kal~nt lar n antik Alinda kentine ait olabilece~ini Fellows ileri sürmü~tür. Bk. Ch. Fellows, Travels and Researches in Asia Minor (Darmstadt 1975) 273. 2 Kentin tarihi konusunda bilgi için Bk. G. Bean, Turkey Beyond The Maeander (London 1971) 190 vd.; M.U. Anabolu, "Alinda-Karpuzlu", TürkAD 14, 1965, 87-88; C. Bayburtluoglu, Arkeoloji (Ankara 1982) 120. ~ ~ ~~ 3 Ço~unlu~u seyahatname veya rehber niteli indeki yay nlarda Alinda kenti ve stoas ~ (Pazar Yap~s~ ) ile ilgili olarak verilen bilgiler çok azd r: R. Chandler, Reisen in Kleinasien (Leipzig 1776) K~s~ m 59-60; P. Le Bas, Voyage Archeologique en Grece et en Asie Mineure (2. bask~s~~ S. Reinach, Paris 1888); C. Schuchhardt-R. Bohn, Altertümer von Aegae JdI Ergh. 2 (1889) 27-30); RE I (1894) 1489, Alinda maddesi (G. Hirschfeld); W.R. Paton-L.L. Myres, "Karien Sites and Inscriptions", JHS 16, 1896, 24o;.E. Fabricius, "Zu den Institutschriften", AA 1899, 188-89; A. Laumonier, "Inscriptions de Carie", BCH 58, 1934, 298; A. Laumonier, "Archeologie Carienne", BCH 60, 1936, 292; Inönü Ansiklopedisi, c. 2 (1947) lot, Alinda maddesi (komisyon); R. Duyuran, The Ancient Cities of Western Anatolia (1948) 12-13; R. Martin, Recherches sur L'Agora Grecque (Paris 1951) 425-27; A. Laumonier, Les Cultes des Indigenes en Carie (Paris 1958) 431-32; Anabolu (dip n. 2), 88-91; H. Lauter, "Die hellenistische Agora von Aspendos", Bonner Jahrb. 170, 1970, 9o-92; Bean (dip n. 2) 19o-98; E. Akurgal, Ancient Civilizations and Ruins of Turkey ~ (4. bask~~ Ankara 1978) 244; Fellows (dip n. 1), 273; Bayburtluo lu (dip n. 2) 12o-23; J. ve L. Robert, Fouilles D'Amyzon en Carie, c. ~~ (Paris 1983) 1, 2, 10. 1118 SEYHAN DORUK göze en çok çarpan yap~ ~ lar ndan birini olanaklar~ m~z~ n elverdi~i ölçüde 4 ~ ~ ~~ daha ayr nt l olarak tan~ tmak ve baz~~ sorunlar~ n~ n çözümüne yakla~~ mlarda bulunmak amac~ nday~z. KONUM: Alinda kenti Ayd~ n ilindeki Karpuzlu ovas~ n~ n bat~s~ nda ve ona egemen, denizden 280 m. yükseklikteki bir tepenin güney ve do~u s~ rtlar~ na ~ ~~ ~ yay lm t r. Kentin do~u k~sm~ nda, surlara yak~ n küçük fakat düz bir alan~~ agora kaplamaktad~ r. Bu alan~ n bat~ -kuzeybat~s~ nda daha yüksek bir düzeyde tiyatro, onun da yukar~s~ nda küçük bir akropolis yer almaktad~ r. Akropolisin bat~s~ ndaki boynu a~~ nca ondan yakla~~ k 30 m. yükseklikte ikinci bir akropolise ula~~l~ r 5 . Yine bu yönde, kente su getiren aquadükt ~ ~ ~~ kal nt lar günümüze dek oldukça iyi bir durumda korunagelmi~tir. Kent çok e~imli bir arazide kurulmu~~ oldu~undan düz bir alana gereksinme gösteren stadionu sur d~~~ nda, kentin kuzeydo~usunda in~a edilmi~tir 6. ~ Bat ya do~ru geni~leyen dörtgen biçimli, yakla~~ k 35 x 100 m. ~ boyutlar nda ve ~~ 70-175 m. kotlan aras~ nda uzanan agora alan~ n~ n güneyini konumuz olan stoa veya pazar yap~s~~ s~ n~ rlamaktad~ r (Res. 1). ~ ~ Büyük bir olas l kla alan~ n~ n kuzeyindeki yamaç önüne in~a edilmi~~ bir stoa (portik) daha vard~~ 7. Elimizdeki verilere göre bat~~ yönde bir porti~in olmad~~~ n~~ dü~ünüyoruz. Arazi e~imine ve anakayadaki kesimlere dayanarak, alana giri~in do~u yönden olmas~~ gerekmektedir 8. R. Martin, ~ ~ Yap n n birçok problemlerinin aç~kl~~a kavu~turulmas~~ için en az~ndan ufak çapl~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ sondajlar n yap lmas ve yap içindeki baz~~ ögelerin d~~ar~~ ta~~nmas~~ gerekmektedir. Türlü ~ olanaks zlar nedeniyle Alinda'da ancak birkaç defa, çok k~sa süreli incelemelerde bulunabildim. Bu incelemelerimde bana yard~mc~~ olan ve her türlü yard~mlar~n~~ esirgemeyen ~ Hocam Prof. Dr. Baki ö ün ve mesai arkada~~m Dr. Cengiz I~~k ile ara~t~rmalar~m~za kat~lan ~~ ~ Kaunos kaz ekibi üyeleri ö renci arkada~lanma te~ekkür ederim. Bu ara~t~rmalar~m~zda en küçük çapta da olsa sondaj yapamad~~~m~z için ancak görünürde olanlar~~ de~erlendirmeye ~ ~ gayret ederek yap n n pek fala ayr~nt~~ göstermeyen kat planlar~n~~ ve enine kesitini ç~kard~k. ~ ~ 1963 y l nda Say~n Anabolu'nun Alinda'y~~ ziyaretinde (Anabolu, TürkAD 14, 1965, 87) de~ ~ ~ ~ ~ indi i "yap lar n rölövelerinin yap lmas~ " konusu bugün de geçerlili~ini korumaktad~r. Bean (dip n. 2) 196, ~ek. 30. 6 Le Bas (dip n. 3), lev. 62 de verilen kent plan~ na göre Alinda'da bir stadionun varl~~~~ söz konusudur. Bu planda stadion olarak gösterilen yer, 1973 y~l~nda Iller Bankas~~ Genel ~ ~ ~ ~ Müdürlü ü tarafndan yapt r lan halihaz~r (o gündeki durum) haritalara göre yakla~~k Karahan tepesi ile Ta~l~k tepe aras~ndaki boyuna rastlamaktad~r. Topografik yönden stadion ~ ~~ yap m için çok uygun bir konumda olan bu yerden günümüzde Çine asfalt~~ geçmektedir. Bu ~ ~ ~ ~ alan n ara t r larak stadionun kesin yerinin saptanmas~na gerek vard~r. Kr~. Bohn (dip n. 3) 30; Martin (dip n. 3) 425 8 Bk. dip n. 7. Yön konusunda Bk. dip n. ~~ o ALINDA KENTI 1119 agoran~ n do~usundaki k~smen gömülü sütun dizisini göz önünde bulundurarak, bu yönde alana giri~~ kap~s~ n~~ (propylon) olu~turan bir porti~in varl~~~ ndan söz etmektedir 9. Kentin ve dolay~s~ yle baz~~ yap~lar~ n~ n yönleri konusunda bugüne kadar yap~ lan yay~ nlarda büyük bir çeli~ki bulunmakta, hatta ayn~~ yay~ nda dahi verilen plan ve tan~mlarda yönlerin birbiriyle uyu~mad~~~~ görülmektedir Manyetik kuzeye göre stoan~ n, hemen hemen do~u-bat~~ yönünde uzand~~~n~~ belirterek di~er yap~~ ve yer konumlar~ n~ n buna göre yap~ lmas~~ gerekti~ini belirtmek isteriz. TANIM: Genel Plan: Alinda Pazar Yap~s~~ (Stoas~ ) ince-uzun bir dikdörtgen biçiminde ", do~u-bat~~ yönünde uzanan, yakla~~ k 99.73 m. uzunlu~unda ve '1.96 m. geni~li~inde '2 üç katl~~ bir yap~d~ r. Iki kat~~ agora düzeyinden a~a~~da, üçüncü kat~~ ise bunun üzerinde yer al~ r. Ost kat ortadaki bir sütun dizisi, 9 Martin (dip n. 3) 425. I° Büyük bir olas~l~ kla Le Bas taraf~ ndan verilen plandaki (Bk. dip n. 6) yanl~~~ yön, daha sonrakilerce kontrola gerek duyulmaks~z~n al~ nm~~t~r. Örne~in Bean'de verilen planda kuzey olarak gösterilen yön gerçekte bat~y~~ göstermektedir. Buna kar~~l~ k metin içinde stoadan bahsedilirken kullan~lan yön do~rudur. Bk. Bean (dip n. 3), ~ek. 29, 192.; Bohn (dip n. 3) 28; Martin (dip n. 3) 425; Lauter (dip n. 3) g2;Jj. Coulton, The Architectural Development of the Greek Stoa (Oxford 1976) 215, ~ek. 48; T. D. Boyd, The Arch and the Vault in Greek Architecture (Doktora tezi, Indiana eni. 1976) 65-67, Lev, 23, 3; T.D. Boyd, "The Arch and the Vault in Greek Architecture", AJA 82, 1978, 98 de verilen yönler yanl~~ t~r. Buna kar~~ l~k Fabricius (dip n. 3) 188 de Le Bas'n~ n plan~ndaki yönün yanl~~~ oldu~u belirtilmekte ve kroki üzerinde do~ru yön gösterilmektedir. Ayr~ ca Robert (dip n. 3), ~ek. 6 daki Tr6naux'dan al~ nan planda verilen yön oldukça do~rudur (Kr~. Anabolu, TürkAD 14, 1965, 87, dip n. 1). 11 Martin (dip n. 3) 425 de agoran~ n dokusunun bir portikle kapat~ ld~~~~ belirtilmektedir. Bu durumda yap~n~ n Bohn (dip n. 3) Res. 16 da plan~~ verilen Aigai Pazar Yap~s~~ gibi "L" biçimli olabilece~i dü~üncesi akla gelmektedir. E~er yap~~ bu tip bir plana sahipse arazi e~imine göre alt katlarda, bu kanatta odalar~n olamayaca~~~ aç~ kt~r. 12 D~~ tan d~~a olarak verdi~imiz yap~~ uzunlu~u, daha önceki ço~u yay~ nlarda, genellikle Le Bas'n~ n ölçümlerine dayan~ larak verilenlere yak~ nd~ r. Buna kar~~l~k geni~lik için verilen rakamlarda farkl~l~klar vard~r. Örne~in Bohn (dip n. 3) 28 deki ifadeden, yap~ n~ n iç geni~li~inin 0.31 m. oldu~u anla~~lmaktad~r. Yaln~z burada ölçünün hangi kattan al~ nd~~~~ belirtilmemektedir. Orta katta tarafim~zdan al~nan ölçü ~~ o.36 m. dir. Güney duvardaki girintinin teras taraf~ ndan da bulunaca~~~ varsay~ m~ndan hareketle yap~ n~ n d~~ tan d~~a geni~li~ini 11.96 m. olarak hesaplad~ k. Martin (dip n. 3) 425, dip n. 6 da Le Bas'ya dayan~ larak geni~lik için ~~ 1.54 m.
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