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Continue Catholic Saint, founder of the (the Jesuits) SaintIgnatius of LoyolaS.J.Portrait of Peter Paul RubensMain Founder of the Society of Jesus Counter-Reform soldier PriestNatoDeigo L'pez de O'az y Loyola(1491-10-23)23 October 1491Azpeitia, Gipuzkoa, Corona di CastileDied31 July 1556 (age 65)Rome, Papal StatesVenerato inCaholica ChiesaAnglicana Communion[1]Beatified27 July 1609, Rome, Papal States by Paul VCanonized12 March 1622, Rome , Papal States of Pope Gregory XVFeast31 JulyAttributesSacerdotal paramenti, tonaca, ferraiolo, biretta, in possession of a book with the inscription , trampling on a heretic, IHS Christogram, crucified, and a rosaryPatronageSociety of Jesus; Roman Catholic Diocese of San Sebastiàn and Bilbao, Biscay and Gipuzkoa; Basque Country; Sulat, Eastern Samar, ; University of Manila University; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, ; Junàn, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore; and Antwerp, Belgium (born I'igo L'pez de O'az y Loyola; Basque: Ignatius Loiolakoa; Spanish: Ignacio de Loyola; Latin: Ignatius de Loyola; C. 23 October 1491[2] – 31 July 1556), revered as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a Spanish Basque Catholic priest and theologian, who co-founded the religious order called the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) and became his first Superior General in Paris in 1541. [3] The Jesuit order served the Pope as a missionary, and they were bound by a fourth vow of special obedience to the sovereign pontiff regarding missions. [4] They emerged as an important force during the Counter- period. Ignatius is remembered as a talented spiritual director. He recorded his method in a famous treatise called Spiritual Exercises, a simple set of meditations, prayers, and other mental exercises, first published in 1548. Ignatius was beatified in 1609, and then canonized, receiving the title of Saint on March 12, 1622. The day of his feast is celebrated on July 31. He is the patron saint of the Basque provinces of Gipuzkoa and Biscay, as well as the Society of Jesus, and was declared patron of all spiritual retreats by Pope Pius XI in 1922. Ignatius is also a patron saint of soldiers. [6] The Shrine of the first years of Loyola's life, in Azpeitia, built above the birthplace of Ignatius, Mr. Lopez de Loyola (more fully, de Oàaz y Loyola; sometimes mistakenly called de Reca)[7] was born in the municipality of Azpeitia at Loyola Castle in present-day Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain. He was baptized after Saint Aenecus (Innicus) (Basque: Eneko; Spanish: Abbot of Oàa, a medieval Basque and affectionate name meaning My Little One. [8] It is unclear when he began using the Latin name Ignatius instead of his baptismal name Igo. [9] Historian Gabriel Maria Verd says he had no plans to change the name but rather rather rather a name he believed was a simple variant of it, for use in France and Italy where it was best understood. He was the youngest of thirteen children. His mother died shortly after his birth, and was then raised by Maria de Garàn, the wife of the local blacksmith. [11] The name de Loyola adopted the surname de Loyola in reference to the Basque village of Loyola where he was born. [quote required] Military career Ignatius in armor, in a 16th-century painting St. Ignatius of Loyola's Vision of Christ and Father God in Domenichino's La Storta[12] As a boy, he became a page in the service of a relative, Juan Velàzquez de Cuéllar, treasurer (mayor of contador) of the Kingdom of Castile. [quote required] As a young man, the young man had a great love of military exercises and a huge desire for fame. I frame his life around the stories of El Cid, the knights of Camelot and roland's cantano. He enlisted in the army at seventeen, and according to a biographer, he soared with his cloak open to reveal his fitted tube and boots; a sword and a dagger at the waist. [14] According to another he was a dresser, an experienced dancer, a womaniser, sensitive to insult, and a rough swordsman who used his privileged status to escape prosecution for violent crimes committed with his priest brother at the time of the carnival. [15] After meeting a Moor who denied the divinity of Jesus, he challenged him to a duel to the death, and seasoned him with his sword. [14] [page needed] He also dueled many other men. [14] In 1509, at the age of 18, he took up arms for Antonio Manrique de Lara, 2nd Duke of Nàjera. His diplomacy and leadership earned him the title of servant of the court, which made him very useful to the Duke. Under the duke's leadership, he participated in many battles without injuries. But at the Battle of Pamplona in 1521 he was seriously wounded when a Franco-Navarrese expeditionary force attacked the fortress of Pamplona on May 20, 1521, and a cannonball bouncing off a nearby wall shattered his right leg. , having the bones set and then broken. In the end, these operations left the right leg shorter than before. The rest of his limp life would be lame, and his military career was over. [15] Religious conversion and Manresa visions, Chapel in the Grotto of St. Ignatius where Ignatius practiced asceticism and conceived his Spiritual Exercises Part of a series on the theology of Christian mysticism. Apophatic Philosophy Ascetic Cataphatic Catholic spirituality Hellenistic Mystical theology Neoplatonic Henosis Practice Monasticism Monasticism Asceticism Spiritual Direction Meditation Lectio Divina Invocation of Mystic Saints Active Asceticism Contemplation Esychasm Contemplation Esychasm Jesus Prayer Quietism Stages of Christian Perfection Deity Catharsis Teosis Kenosis Spiritual DryNess Religious Ecstasy Abstained People (by age or century) Ancient African Antiquity Origen Gregory of Nyssa Pseudo-Dionysus Desert Fathers Paul of Thebes Anthony the Great Arsenius the Great Poemen Macarius of Egypt Moses the Black Sincile Athanasius John Chrysostom Hilarion John Cassian 11 12th Bernard of Clairvaux Guigo II Hildegard by Bingen Symeon the New Theologian 13th 14th Dominican Domenico de Guzmàn Francis of Assisi Antonio of Padua Bonaventura Jacopone da Todi Angela of Foligno Inglese Richard Rolle Walter Hilton Julian of Norwich Margery Kempe Flemish Beatrice of Nazareth Lutgardis John of Ruysbroeck Tedesco Meister Eckhart Johannes Tauler Henry Suso Femminile Beatrice of Nazareth Bridget of Sweden Catherine of Siena Mechthild of Magdeburg Marguerite Porete 15th 16th Spanish Ignatius of Loyola Francisco de Osuna Giovanni of Viva Teresa di Vizia Giovanni della Croce Altri Caterina di Genova 17 18th French Margaret Mary Alacoque Pierre de Bérulle Jean-Jacques Olier Louis de Montfort Charles de Condren John Eudes John of St. Samson Others Maria de àgreda Anne Catherine Emmerich Veronica Giuliani Francis de Sales 19th Dina Bélanger Catherine Labouré Mélanie Calvat Maximin Giraud Bernadette Soubirous Conchita de Armida Luisa Piccar reta Maria del Cuore Divino Thérèse by Lisieux Gemma Galgani 20th Father Pio Therese Neumann Marthe Robin Alexandrina by Balazar Faustina Kowalska Nuns L'cia by Fotima Edgar Cayce Simone Weil Thomas Merton Charles de Foucauld Edvige Carboni Elena Aiello Contemporary papal opinionsA aspects of meditation (Orationis Formas, 1989) Reflection on the New Age (2003) Literature Media Unknown Language Ordo Virtutum Scivias Ascent of Mount Carmel Dark Night of the Soul Spiritual Canticle Way of Perfection Book of the First Monks The Interior Castle Abbey of the Holy Ghost A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribu Diary : Divine Mercy in My Soul From Willow Creek to the Sacred Heart The Glories of Mary The Imitation of Christ The Scale of the Divine Ascent Philokalia Revelations of Divine Spiritual Love Canticles The Story of a Devout Germanic Theological Soul Modern Fatima in the words of Lucia calls from the message of Fatima The miracle of Our Lady of Fatima Sol de Fìtima The Cloud of Unconscious The Consolation of Philosophy The Mirror of Simple Souls Sister Caterina Treat Tractatus de Purgatory Sancti Patrici i La vision of Adamnàn Divina Commedia Inferno Purgatory Paradise Fatima vte Part of a series on the Company of JesusChristogram of the Jesuits Militant Regimens Suppression Higher Hierarchy General Spirituality Spiritual Exercises Ad gloriam Opere List of Jesuit educational institutions Notable Jesuits Ignatius of Loyola Santi Jesuit jesuit theologians philosophers of Catholicism portalvte While recovering from surgery, he underwent a spiritual conversion that led to his spiritual life. His beloved sister-in-law, Magdalena de Araoz, chose two texts to read while she was recovering. [18] This is how he came to read a series of religious texts about the life of Jesus and the life of the saints, since the stories of chivalry he loved to read were not at his disposal in the castle. [7] The religious work that most struck him was Ludolph's De Vita Christi of Saxony. [19] This book would influence his whole life, inspiring him to devote himself to God and to follow the example of Francis of Assisi and other great monks. He also inspired his method of meditation, since Ludolph proposes that the reader mentally place himself on the scene of evangelical history, displaying the nativity scene to the Nativity, etc. This type of meditation, known as Simple Contemplation, was the basis for the method that Saint Ignatius would promote in his Spiritual Exercises. [20] [21] In addition to dreaming of imitating the Saints in his readings, he still wandered in his mind about what he would do in the service of his king and in honor of the royal lady he was in love with. Cautiously he realized the after-effect of both kinds of his dreams. He experienced a desolation and dissatisfaction when the dream of romantic heroism was over, but, the holy dream ended with a lot of joy and peace. It was the first time he had learned about discernment. After recovering sufficiently to walk again, he decided to begin a pilgrimage to the Holy Land to kiss the land where our Lord had walked[15] and to make more severe penances. [23] He thought his plan was confirmed by a vision of the Virgin Mary and child Jesus who experienced one night, which confirmed much consolation to him. In March 1522 he visited the Benedictine monastery of Santa Maria de Montserrat. There, he carefully examined his past sins, confessed, gave his beautiful clothes to the poor he met, wore a sack garment, then hung his sword and dagger at the altar of the Virgin during a night vigil at the sanctuary. From Montserrat he headed to the nearby town of Manresa (Catalonia), where he lived for about a year, begging for his keep, and then doing chores at a local hospital in exchange for food and housing. For several months he spent much of his time praying in a nearby cave[24] where he practiced strict asceticism, praying for seven hours a day formulating the foundations of his Exercises. [quote required] During the hospital, during the hospital, he also experienced a series of visions in broad daylight. These repetitive visions appeared as a form in the air near him and this form gave him a lot of consolation because it was extremely beautiful ... somehow it seemed to have the shape of a snake and had many things that shone like eyes, but were not eyes. He received a lot of joy and consolation watching this object ... but when the object disappeared it became disheartened. [25] He came to interpret this vision as diabolical in nature. [26] Period of study In September 1523, the pilgrimage to the Holy Land with the aim of settling there. He remained there from 3 to 23 September, but was sent back to Europe by the Franciscans. He returned to Barcelona and at the age of thirty-three began attending a free public grammar school to prepare for entry to a university. When his preparation was completed, he then went to the University of Alcalà, where he studied theology and Latin from 1524 to 1534. [quote required] There he met some women who had been called before the Inquisition. These women were considered alumbrados (enlightened, enlightened or enlightened) – a group that was bound in their zeal and spirituality to Franciscan reforms, but had suffered growing suspicion from the administrators of the Inquisition. At one point, the city preached on the street when three of these devoted women began experiencing ecstatic states. One fell senseless, another sometimes rolled to the ground, another had been seen in the grip of convulsions or shuddering and sweating in anguish. This suspicious activity had taken place while preaching was without a degree in theology. The Inquisition was later identified for questioning; however, he was later released. [29] After these adventurous activities, he moved to Paris to study at the famous University. He studied first at the ascetic Collège de Montaigu, then moved to the Collège Sainte-Barbe where he completed his Master of Arts in 1535. It came during a period of anti-Protestant riots that forced John Calvin to flee France. Shortly after his arrival Ignatius had gathered around him six key companions, all fellow citizens of the University. [31] Francis Xavier, Alfonso Salmeron, and Nicholas Bobadilla, all Spanish; Peter Faber, a Savoigo; and Simo Rodrigues of Portugal. Peter Faber, a young savoioia in the south of France, and Francesco Saverio, a nobleman from the eastern end of the Basque country, were his first roommates,[15] and would become his closest collaborators in the founding of the Jesuit order. [quote required] On the morning of August 15, 1534, in the chapel of st. Peter's Church, in Montmartre, Loyola and six companions, of whom only one was a priest, met and took upon themselves the solemn vows of their work throughout their lives. [32] Later, they were joined by Francesco Borgia, a member of the House of Borgia, who was the chief aide to Emperor Charles V, and other nobles. [quote required] Ignatius earned a master's degree from the University of Paris at the age of forty-three. Later he was often called Master Ignatius for this. [32] Foundation of the Jesuit Order In 1539, with Pietro Faber and Francesco Saverio, Ignatius formed the Society of Jesus, which was approved in 1540 by Pope Paul III. Ignatius was chosen as the first Superior General of the Order and invested with the title of Father General by the Jesuits. [33] Ignatius sent his companions as missionaries around Europe to create schools, colleges, and seminaries. Juan de Vega, Charles V's ambassador to Rome, met Ignatius there. Estimating Ignatius and the Jesuits, when Vega was appointed viceroy of Sicily, he brought the Jesuits with him. A Jesuit college was opened in Messina, which proved a success, and its rules and methods were later copied into other colleges. In 1548 Ignatius was briefly brought before the Roman Inquisition for examination of his book of Spiritual Exercises. But it was released and the book was finally given papal permission to be printed. It was published in such a format that the exercises were designed to be carried out for a period of 28-30 days. [quote required] Ignatius, together with the help of his personal secretary Juan Alfonso de Polanco, wrote the Jesuit Constitutions, adopted in 1553. He created a centralized organization for order,[36] and emphasized the absolute self-denial and obedience to the Pope and his superiors in the ecclesiastical hierarchy, using the perinde ac cadavere motto – as if a dead body,[37] that is, that the good Jesuit should be well disciplined as a corpse. [38] But its main principle became the Jesuit motto: Ad maiorem Dei gloriam (for the greatest glory of God). [quote required] During the years 1553-1555, Ignatius published his autobiography to his secretary, Father Gonàalves da Camara. This autobiography (Autobiograph de San Ignacio de Loyola in Wikisource in Spanish) is a valuable key to understanding his Spiritual Exercises. It was kept in the archives of the Jesuit order for about 150 years, until the published the text in Acta Sanctorum. [quote required] Ignatius as the Superior General Statue of St. Ignatius of Loyola in the Church of Jesus, Rome Death and Canonization Ignatius died in Rome on July 31, 1556, due to Roman Fever, a serious case of malaria that recurs in Rome, Italy, at different times in history. The autopsy revealed that he also had several kidney and bladder stones, a probable cause of abdominals that he suffered later in life. [39] [page required] At this time it has been placed a wooden sanctuary, his body was then covered with his conse conso consutte sacer robes. On August 1, the sanctuary was buried in the small church of Maria della Strada. In 1568 that church was demolished and replaced with the Church of Jesus. Ignatius was placed in a new coffin and reinterrated in the new church. Ignatius was beatified by Pope Paul V on July 27, 1609 and canonized by Pope Gregory XV on March 12, 1622. The day of the feast is celebrated every year on July 31, the day of his death. Ignatius is revered as the patron saint of Catholic soldiers, the Military Ordinariate of the Philippines, the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore,[42] the Basque Country, Antwerp, Belo Horizonte, Junàn and various cities in his home region. The Ignatius legacy still has a powerful and respectable legacy today. Among the institutions dedicated to St. Ignatius, one of the most famous is the Basilica of St. Ignatius Loyola, built next to the house where he was born in Azpeitia, basque country, Spain. The house itself, now a museum, is incorporated into the basilica complex. In addition, it has had a global impact, having been the influence behind numerous Jesuit schools and educational institutions around the world. [quote required] In 1671, the mission to St. Ignace, Michigan was named in his honor by Father Jacques Marquette. Today Saint Ignatia still bears his name. [quote required] In 1949 he was the subject of a Spanish biographical film The Captain of Loyola in which he was portrayed by Rafael Duron. [quote required] In 2016 he was the subject of a Filipino film Ignacio de Loyola in which he was portrayed by Andreas Muoz. Genealogy Original Shield of O'az-Loyola. Shield of O'az-Loyola The Shield of O'az-Loyola is a symbol of the Oàaz lineage of the Ignatius family, and is used by many Jesuit institutions around the world. Since the official colors of the Loyola family are brown and gold,[44] Oaz's shield consists of seven brown bars that go diagonally from top left to bottom right on a gold field. The gangs were granted by the King of Spain to each of the Oz brothers, in recognition of their bravery in battle. The Loyola shield features a pair of rampant gray wolves lining each side of a kitchen pot. The wolf was a symbol of nobility, while the entire design represented the generosity of the family towards their military followers. According to legend, wolves had enough to feast after the soldiers had eaten. Both shields were combined due to marriage between the two families in 1261. [45] Lineage Villoslada established the following detailed genealogy of Ignatius of Loyola:[2] Lineage Garcàa L'pez de O'az Lope de O'az L'pez Garcàa de O'azInés, Dame of Loyola (1261) Inés de O'az y Loyola (late 13th century)Juan Pérez Juan Pérez L'pez de O'az5 other brothers (see – Battle of Beotibar) Beltràn Yàez (el (el de LoyolaOchanda Martanez de Leete da Azpeitia Lope Garcàa de LazcanoSancha Ibàez de Loyola Sancha Pérez de Iraeta (1473)Juan Pérez de LoyolaMari a BeltrancheElviraEmiliaJuanecha Don Beltràn Yàez (vel Ibàez) de O'az y Loyolaicona Sancha Ibàez de LoyolaMagdalena de AraozOchoa Pérez de LoyolaPero Lopez de O'pez y LoyolaJuaniza (vel Joaneiza) de LoyolaMaria Beltr n de LoyolaJuan Pérez de Loyola Juan Beltràn de LoyolaBeltràn de LoyolaHernando de LoyolaMagdalena de LoyolaPetronila de LoyolaI'igo L'pez de Loyola Note : The soldier and governor of killed by Mapuche at the Battle of Curalaba is probably Ignatius' nephew. [47] Galleria Tomba di Sant'Ignatius, c. 1675 Apotheosis of St. Ignatius Visions of Ignatius, 1617-18, Peter Paul Rubens The journeys of Ignatius of Loyola at different times A page from Spiritual Exercises Bibliography The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius, TAN BOOKS, 2010. ISBN 978-0-89555-153-5 Ignatius of Loyola, Spiritual Exercises, London, 2012. limovia.net ISBN 978-1-78336-012-3 Loyola, (St.) Ignatius (1964). The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius. Anthony Mottola. Garden City: Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-02436-5. Loyola, (Saint Ignatius) (1900). Joseph O'Conner (ed.). The Autobiography of St. Ignatius. New York: Benziger Brothers. OCLC 1360267. For information on O'Conner and other translations, see the notes in Pilgrim's Journey: The Autobiography of Ignatius of Loyola Page 11-12. Loyola, (Saint Ignatius) (1992). John Olin (ed.). The Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola, with Related Documents. New York: Press. ISBN 0-8232-1480-X. See also Portal Saints List of Catholic Saints List of Jesuits Saint Ignatius, patron marie-madeleine d'houàt archive founder of the Sisters, Faithful Companions of Jesus Martàn Ignacio de Loyola The Cave of St. Ignatius, a sanctuary built where Ignatius of Loyola was reflected for 11 months in a cave, in Manresa. Isabella Roser and Isabel de Josa, wealthy Catalan women who were benefactors of Loyola from 1520 onwards. References - Holy Men and Holy Women (PDF). Churchofengland.org. - a b Garcoa Villoslada, Ricardo (1986). San Ignacio de Loyola: Nueva biographer (in Spanish). La Editoriale Catàlica. ISBN 84-220-1267-7. We deduce that, (...), I'igo de Loyola was to be born before 23 October 1491. - Id'goras Tellechea, José Ignacio (1994). When was he born? Her nurse's story. Ignatius of Loyola: The Holy Pilgrim. Chicago: Loyola University Press. p. 45. ISBN 0-8294-0779-0. Ignatius of Loyola (1970). The constitutions of Jesus' society. Translated by Ganss, George E. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p. 249 [No 529]. The whole meaning of this fourth vow of obedience to the Pope was and is as far as missions are concerned ... This is treated: in all that the sovereign pontiff commands. Nugent, Donald (1974). Ecumenism in the age of reform: Poissy's colloquy. Harvard University Press. p. 189. ISBN 0-674-23725-0. Summer Fiestas (PDF). euskadi.net. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved July 24, 2008. A b c d John Hungerford Pollen (1913). St.IgnatiusLoyola . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. For Nombres: Eneko you need the value of url (help). Euskaltzaindia (Royal Academy of Basque Language). Originally released November 10, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2009. Article in Spanish - Verd, Gabriel Maria (1976). El Igo de San Ignacio de Loyola. Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu (in Spanish). Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu. 45: 95–128. ISSN 0037-8887. Verd, Gabriel Maria (1991). De I'igo un Ignacio. El cambio de nombre en San Ignacio de Loyola. Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu (in Spanish). Rome: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu. 60: 113–160. ISSN 0037-8887. That the name of Saint Ignatius of Loyola has been changed is a well-known fact, but it cannot be said that it is widely known in the historiography of the saint, neither the characteristics of the names I'igo and Ignacio nor the reasons for the change. First of all, it is necessary to clarify the meaning of the names; they are distinct, despite the persistently held opinion in onomastic (dictionaries) and popular thought. In Spain, Ignacio and Iigo are sometimes used interchangeably as if they were Jacobo and Jaime. With reference to the name Iigo, it is advisable to give some essential notions to eliminate ambiguities and help to understand what follows. This name first appears on the bromine of Ascoli (dated November 18, 90 BC), in a list of Spanish knights belonging to a Salluitan Turma or Saragossan. It is about Elandus Enneces f[ilius], and according to Menéndez Pidal the last sz is the z of Spanish patronymics, and it could be nothing more than Elando I'iguez. It's an ancestral Hispanic name. Ignacio, on the other hand, is a Latin name. In classical Latin there is Egnatius with an initial E. He appears only twice with an initial I (Ignatius) in the sixty volumes of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. This late Latin and Greek form prevailed. In the classical period Egnatius was used as nomen (gentilitial name) and not as praenomen (first name) or cognomen (surname), except in very rare cases. (...) The most important conclusion, perhaps unexpected, but not unknown, is that St. Ignatius has not changed his name. That is to say, he had no intention of changing it. What he did was adopt for France and Italy a name that he believed was a simple variant of it, and that was more acceptable among foreigners... If he had stayed in Spain, he would have, doubt, remained Iigo. Page 9, Ignatius of Loyola, the Psychology of a Saint; W.W Meissner SJ MD, Yale University Press, 1992 - St. Ignatius of Loyola's Vision of Christ and God's father in La Storta. lacma.org. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). November 30, 2016. Ironically, Roland's Cano was killed by Mori, when historically his death was at the hands of like the same. a b c Richard Cohen (August 5, 2003). By the Sword: A History of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers and Olympic Champions. Paper books from the Modern Library. A b c d and Traub, S.J., George and Mooney, Ph.D., Debra. A biography of St. Ignatius Loyola, Xavier University - In Spanish the title was Gentilhombre, but this should not be understood as synonymous with the English term gentleman, denoted by a man of good family. See Thomas Rochford, title St Ignatius Loyola: the pilgrim and the man of prayer who founded the Society of Jesus St Ignatius Loyola: the pilgrim and the man of prayer who founded the Society of Jesus, to whom he had access on November 15, 2007.] Mariani, Antonio. The life of Saint Ignatius Loyola, founder of the Jesuits. Richardson, Thomas. Retrieved June 1, 2019. Dyckman, Katherine; Mr Garvin; Liebert (2001). The spiritual exercises recovered: discovering the possibilities of liberation for women. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press. p. 30. ISBN 9780809140435. De Vita Christi is a commentary on the Gospels, using excerpts from the works of over sixty Fathers of the Church, and in particular quoting St. Gregory Ma gregory, St. Basil, St. Augustine, and the Venerable Bede. This work took Ludolph forty years to complete. Sr Mary Immaculate Bodenstedt, La Vita Christi by Ludolphus the Carthusian, a thesis, Washington: Catholic University of America Press 1944 British Library Catalogue No. Ac2692.y/29. (16). - The Christi Life of Charles Abbot Conway Analecta Cartusiana 34 - The Life of Christ by Ludolph by Father Henry James Coleridge in The Month Vol. 17 (New Series VI) July-December 1872, pp. 337–370 - b Margo J. Heydt; Sarah J. Melcher (May 2008). Mary, the hidden catalyst: reflections from an Ignatian pilgrimage to Spain and Rome. Xavier University. Originally released August 30, 2017. The Cave is an artistic heritage. The Cave. Place of pilgrimage and worship. Retrieved August 4, 2014. Jean Lacouture, Jesuits, A Multibiography, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995, p. 18. Demski, Eric (2014). Living with the Sword. Bloomington, Indiana: Trafford Publishing. p. 289. ISBN 978-1-490-73607-5. Twelve years later, in front of the Pope with his comrades, Ignatius would again propose to send his comrades as emissaries to Jerusalem. Jean Lacouture, Jesuits, A Multibiography, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995, p. 24. That means that Complutense University of Madrid, not the new University University Alcalà founded in 1977. Jesuits, A Multibiography by Jean Lacouture, pp. 27–29, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995 - O'Malley, John (1993). The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 28-29. Michael Servetus Research Archived October 11, 2014 at the Wayback Machine Website which includes graphic documents at the University of Paris of: Ignations of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Alfonso Salmeràn, Nicholas Bobadilla, Peter Faber and Simao Rodrigues, as well as Michael de Villanueva (Servetus) - b John Clarke Ridpath's History of the World, Vol. V, pp. 238, New York: Merrill & Baker, 1899 - Saint Ignatius of Loyola Biography and Facts. British Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 24, 2017. Pollen, J.H. (1913). History of the Jesuits before the suppression of 1773. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. The access address requires the Ignatius mail address of Loyola (1970). The constitutions of Jesus' society. Translated by Ganss, George E. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p. 249. Transported and directed by Divine Providence through the free will of the superior as if it were a lifeless body that allows itself to be brought to any place and to be treated in the desired way. Painter, F. V. N. (1903). A story of education. International education series. 2. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 167. Jesuits (1583). SEXTA PARS – CHAPTER 1. Constitutions Societatis Iesu: cum earum declarationibus (in Latin). Ignatius of Loyola (1970). The constitutions of Jesus' society. Translated by George E. Ganss. Institute of Jesuit sources. p. 249. Transported and directed by Divine Providence through the free will of the superior as if it were a lifeless body that allows itself to be brought to any place and to be treated in the desired way. Siraisi, Nancy G. (2001). Italian Medicine and Universities: 1250-1600. Brill. ISBN 9004119426. Martin, Malachi (May 28, 2013). Jesuits. Simon and Schuster. pp. 169–170. ISBN 9781476751887. Retrieved March 11, 2018. De Pablo, José (February 28, 2017). Canonization of Saint Ignatius of Loyola and St. Francis Xavier. Conference of the Jesuits of the European Provincials. Retrieved March 10, 2018. Welcome to the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore Originally released August 10, 2016. Retrieved October 13, 2012. Tantiangco, Aya (July 20, 2016). PHL film 'Ignacio de Loyola' not only for religious, say director and star. GMA network (company). Retrieved July 28, 2016. Manresa Iconography – Manresa House of Retreats, Convent, LA. Loyola Crests – Loyola High School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Originally released October 21, 2012. Retrieved October 13, 2012. St. Ignatius' College Riverview. www.riverview.nsw.edu.au. - Barros Arana, Diego (2000) [1884]. Historia General of Chile Spanish). III (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: University Editorial. p. 177. ISBN 956-11-1535-2.CS1 maint: ref-harv (link) Further readings Bartoli, Daniello (1855). History of life and of the Institute of St. Ignatius of Loyola: Founder of the Society of Jesus. New York: Edward Dunigan and brother. Caraman, Philip (1990). Ignatius Loyola: A biography of the founder of the Jesuits. San Francisco: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-06-250130-5. August Derleth, Saint Ignatius and the Society of Jesus, Vision Books, 1956. LCCN 56- 7278 Foss, Michael (1969). The Foundation of the Jesuits, 1540. Turning points in the History series. London: Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-01513-8. Ricardo (1986). San Ignacio de Loyola: Nueva biographer (in Spanish). La Editoriale Catàlica. ISBN 84-220-1267-7. Meissner, William (1992). Ignatius of Loyola: The Psychology of a Saint. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-06079-3. (1993) O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-30312-1. Vita di Sant'Ignazio di Loyola, LIBRI TAN, 1997. ISBN 978-0-89555-345-4. Saint Ignatius of Loyola, TAN Libri, 2008. ISBN 978-0-89555-624-0. External links Ignatius by Loyolaat Wikipedia sister projectsMedia from Wikimedia Commons News from Wikinews Quotes from Wikiquote Texts from Wikisource Textbooks from Wikibooks Resources from Wikibooks Works from Wikiversity Works by Ignatius of Loyola to project Gutenberg Works of or on Ignatius of Loyola to Internet Archive Works by Ignatius of Loyola to LibriVox (public audiobook domain) Ignatius of Loyola, Confessor, Butler's Life of saints The spiritual exercises of Elder Mullan's translation of St. Ignatius, S.J. Letters of St. Ignatius of Loyola Contemplation to reach love, of Ignatius of Loyola Founder Statue in St. Peter Colonnade Basilica Statue St. Peter's Square The Book of Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius Loyola, the Founder of the Jesuit Monastic Order in Arabic, dating from 1773 titles of the New Superior General Office of the Society of Jesus1540–1556 Succeeded byDiego Laynez Recovered by 984651298

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