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Transactions Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME XLV 1987 PART HI TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME XLV 1987 PART III TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Proceedings 1985 - - - 1 1986 - - - - 335 1987 - - 545 Obituaries F. M. Kendrick, 1911-1985 11 Mrs. Winifred Leeds, F.R.P.S.L., 1883-1984 12 C. H. I. Homes, 1914-1987 - 555 The Goods and Chattels of our Forefathers, 1660-1760, by J. W. Tonkin - 13 An Iron Age and Roman Settlement outside Kenchester, (Magnis), Hereford- shire. Excavations 1977-79, by A. R. Wilmott and S. P. Q. Rahtz - 36 Woolhope Naturalists' Field Club 1987 All contributions to The Woolhope Transactions are COPYRIGHT. None of them An Ancient Track in the Golden Valley, by Mary Thomas - - - 186 may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the writers. Applications to reproduce contributions, in whole or Hereford Gold: Irish, Welsh and English Land. Part 2, The Clients of the in part, should be addressed in the first instance, to the editor whose address is given Jewish Community of Hereford 1189-1253, by Joe Hillaby - 193 in the LIST OF OFFICERS. Dr. Martin Dunne of Ludlow, 1740-1814, by J. D. Blainey - - - 271 Five Leominster Historians, by N. C. Reeves - - - 284 Chapels for Sale, by R. Shoesmith - 296 The Forgotten Man of Ross - James Wallace Richard Hall, 1799-1860, by Heather Hurley - - - 305 Hereford in the 1850s, by Clarence E. Attfield - - - 347 A Roman Forger at Kenchester, by R. Shoesmith - 371 The Fief of Alfred of Marlborough in Herefordshire in 1086 and its Descent in the Norman Period, by Bruce Coplestone-Crow 376 St. Ethelbert's Hospital, Hereford: Its architecture and setting, by David Whitehead 415 The Annunciation and the Lily Crucifixion, by G. W. Kemp 426 Thomas Charlton, Bishop of Hereford, 1327-1344, by G. W. Hannah - 442 The Seventeenth Century Iron Forge at Carey Mill, Botany, 1985, by F. M. Kendrick - 317 by Elizabeth Taylor - - - 450 1986, by P. Thomson - 518 1987, by P. Thomson 777 Herefordshire Apothecaries' Tokens and their Issuers, by the late T. D. Whittet - - - 469 Buildings, 1985, by J. W. Tonkin - 318 1986, by J. W. Tonkin - 520 The political organisation of Hereford, 1693-1736, 1987, by J. W. Tonkin - 778 by E. J. Morris - _ - 477 Entomology, 1987, by Anthea Brian - - 781 Population Movements in 19th Century Herefordshire, by Joan E. Grundy - - - - 488 Geology, 1986, by P. Cross - - - - 525 1987, by P. Cross 786 Two Celtic Heads, by Jean O'Donnell - 501 Industrial Archaeology, 1985, by C. H. I. Homes - 320 Further Addenda to Lepidoptera in Hereford City (1973-82), 1986, by C. H, I. Homes 526 by B. E. Miles - 502 1987, by John van Laun - 787 Early Christian and Pre-Conquest Leominster: An Exploration of the Sources, Mammals, 1986, by W. H. D. Wince 527 by Joe Hillaby - - - 557 1987, by W. H. D. Wince _ - - 788 Urishay Chapel, by R. Shoesmith 686 Ornithology, 1985, by Beryl Harding - - - 322 1986, by Beryl Harding 528 The Effect of Bringewood Forge and Furnace on the Landscape of Northern 1987, by Beryl Harding 790 Herefordshire to the end of the Seventeenth Century, by D. G. Bayliss - 721 City of Hereford, Conservation Area Advisory Committee, A Riot at Hereford, 1756, by Colin Haydon - 730 1985, by Joe Hillaby - 324 1986, by Joe Hillaby - 532 The Kington Turnpike Trust (1756-1877) and the Kingswood toll house, 1987, by Joe Hillaby - 795 by David Viner - - - - - - - 733 Archaeological Research Section, 1985, by M. T. Hemming - 328 Pages from an Architect's Notebook, by Nigel Temple - 743 1986, by M. T. Hemming 540 1987, by M. T. Hemming - 799 Further Addenda to Lepidoptera in Hereford City (1973-82), by B. E. Miles - - - 751 Natural History Section, 1985, by Beryl Harding 330 1986, by Beryl Harding - 541 A Survey of Herefordshire Field-names, 1987, by Beryl Harding - 801 by Ruth Richardson and Graham Sprackling 752 Rules of the Club - 805 REPORTS OF SECTIONAL RECORDERS List of Presidents - 807 Archaeology, 1985, by R. Shoesmith 312 1986, by R. Shoesmith 504 1987, by R. Shoesmith 761 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XIII R P G stamped tile. Page Obituaries XIV Lead tank no. 32, top. XV Lead tank no. 32, bottom. PI. I Mrs. Winifred Leeds, F.R.P.S.L., 1883-1984 The Goods and Chattels of our Forefathers, 1660-1760 .. Fig. 1 Kenchester 1977-79. Site location plan and relationship with Magnis - - - - - 39 Table 1 Number of Inventories analysed in each Hundred and Town 23 2 Summary stratigraphic matrix, demonstrating phasing of main 2 Value of Personal Estate analysed by Hundred and Town - - 24 features - - - - - - 42 3 Value of Personal Estate as a percentage of the totals in each 3 Summary period plans - - - 44 Hundred and Town - - - - 25 4 Site plan. Period 0 - - - - 38 4 Highest and lowest value inventories in each Hundred and Town - 26 5 Site plan. Period 1 - - - - - - 38 5 Trades, Professions and Stations in Life mentioned five or more times in the sample of inventories - - - - - 26 6 Phase plans of Iron Age Building BC - - 52 6 House sizes analysed by Hundred and Town - - - 27 7 Site plan. Period 2ai - 38 7 Rooms mentioned in houses - - 28 8 Site plan. Period 2aii - - - 38 8 Items mentioned in inventories - - 29 9 Site plan. Period 2b - - - 38 9 Items mentioned five or more times in certain rooms in four 10 West-east axial section across site, located as A-B on period plans representative areas - - - - - _ - - 30 FIGS. 9, 13, 14 and key to all published sections - 59 11 West-east sections located as C-D and E-F on period plans FIGS. 7, An Iron Age and Roman Settlement outside Kenchester, (Magnis), 8, 9, 13 - - - - - - 61 Herefordshire. Excavations 1977-79 12 Conjectural reconstruction of the site in Period 2b - - 65 Pl. II Ring-ditch and post holes of Building BC. 13 Site plan. Period 2c - - - - _ - _ 38 III Intersection of Ditches KK,LL,MM at section C-D (FIG. 11). 14 Site plan. Period 3 - - - - 38 IV Northern end of Building FF. 15 Ironworking furnaces; a, furnace U: b, c, furnaces inside Build- V Burnt layer relating to Period 2c burning of Building AJ looking ing T - - - - - 75 north. Note millstones. 16 Sections located as L-M and N-P on period plans FIGS. 9, 14 77 VI Intersection of Ditches B and G from the south-east. 17 Conjectural reconstruction of the site in Period 3 82 VII Position of Ditches LL,MM beneath Building M. 18 Site plan. Period 4 - - - - - 38 VIII Building M south wing from the east. 19 West-east sections located as G-H and 3-K on period plans FIGS. IX Corn dryer AD from south-east. 14, 18 - - - - - - - - - 84 X Trough Y and associated cobbling. 20 Conjectural reconstruction of the site early in Period 4 89 XI Decapitated burial Grave HH. 21 Site plan. Period 5 - - - - - - 38 XII Coin 1. Constans Victoria Augg. 22 Phased outline plans of Building M - - - - 93 23 Comparative outline plans of villa house buildings 95 An Ancient Track in the Golden Valley 24 Comparative outline plan of town house building 96 Pl. XVI Looking north showing wheel ruts and agger. 25 Iron Age pottery forms 1.11-4.5 (1/2) - 105 XVII Looking east. 26 Iron Age pottery forms 4.6-7.3 (1/2) - 107 Map and plan of excavation site 191 27 Iron Age pottery forms 8.1-11 (1/2) - 109 Plan and section 192 28 Iron Age sites and likely sources for named fabrics 112 29 Proportions of Iron Age fabric types by weight 114 Hereford Gold 30 Iron Age vessel types 116 Pl. XVIII Trim Castle. General view from the east. 31 Decorated samian ware nos. 9-57 (1/2) 135 XIX Trim, the keep showing southern and eastern projecting towers. 32 Decorated samian ware nos. 58-65 (1/2) 137 XX Longtown Castle. Walter de Lacy's great round keep showing 33 Sources of coarse ware mortaria 143 the semi-circular projections or lobes. 34 Brooches nos. 1-5. Pendant no. 30 (1:1) 147 Fig. 5 The Lacy family of Herefordshire, 1066-1241 196 35 Millstones nos. 7-8 ('/) - 151 6 The Lordship of Meath, 1198-1241 198 36 Millstones nos. 9-10 (1A) - 152 7 The Braose family, c. 1176-1246 201 37 Millstones nos. 11-12 WO 154 8 The Anglo-Norman Lordships, 1205 203 38 Millstone no. 13 and oolitic limestone column base fragment 9 The two Droghedas: towards Meath and towards Uriel 204 no. 14. (Millstone and column reconstruction, 1/8; column 10 The southern march in the early 13th century: places mentioned frag. 1/4) - 155 in the text - 209 39 Fragments of mosaic from Building M in Period 4 (') 157 11 Baronial incomes, 1160-1220 219 40 Oolitic limestone column bases nos. 15-16 (1/4) 159 12 Trim Castle and Borough - 222 41 Painted tufa voussoir no. 17 (1/2) 160 13 Pembroke Castle from the north 224 42 Painted plaster motif from southern cell Building AJ in 14 Usk Castle from the west, S. & N. Buck, 1732 - 224 Period 2b (1/4) - 161 15 Skenfrith Castle from the north, S. & N. Buck, 1732 225 43 Scattergram showing the results of textural analysis of quartz grains (mean grain size Mz; standard deviation 6, in 0 units) 16 Bronllys round keep, from Theophilus Jones, History of county in various LHS stamped tiles and brick and clay samples of Brecknock (1859) - - - - 225 from Minety, Wilts.
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