DOCSLIB.ORG

Seneca in Den Annalen Des Tacitus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seneca in Den Annalen Des Tacitus Seneca in den Annalen des Tacitus Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Michael Brinkmann aus Düsseldorf Bonn 2002 Gedruckt mit Genehmigung der Philosophischen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Zwierlein 2. Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. Jakobi Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 25. April 2002 Vorwort III Vorwort Das Vorwort des Verfassers ist eine Danksagung, in der es an erster Stelle den Doktorvater, Herrn Professor Dr. Otto Zwierlein, zu erwähnen gilt. Sein kritisches Urteil hat die Arbeit korrigierend begleitet, ihm ist die Finanzierung der Dissertation durch ein Stipendium des an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum angesiedelten DFG-Graduiertenkollegs „Der Kommentar in Antike und Mittelalter“ zu verdanken. Prof. Zwierlein danke ich ebenfalls für zwei durch ihn ermöglichte Auslandsaufenthalte in Oxford, wo ich intensiv mit Frau Dr. Miriam Griffin, Somerville College, zusammenarbeiten durfte. Sie ist gleichsam die Doktormutter dieser Arbeit, der ich herzlich für ihren fachlichen Einsatz und ihre Gastfreundschaft danke. In den arbeitsreichen Wochen von Berufseinstieg und Abschluß der Disserta- tion konnte ich auf hilfreiche Unterstützung bauen: Dr. Hendrik Müller- Reineke danke ich für seine kritische Lektüre der vorliegenden Arbeit. Größten Dank schulde ich Thomas Riesenweber, der als unermüdlicher Korrekturleser und Layout-Experte die zügige Niederschrift der Arbeit erst ermöglichte. Cornelia Kück schließlich danke ich für die intensiven Diskussionen im Entstehungsprozeß der Arbeit. Inhaltsverzeichnis IV Inhaltsverzeichnis I. Einleitung...................................................................................................... 1 II. Interpretationsgrenzen: Zur Quellenfrage.............................................. 5 III. Das Gespräch zwischen Seneca und Nero (ann. 14.53-56) ................. 14 1. Die Rede Senecas (ann. 14.53-54) ........................................................ 17 De beneficiis und der Dialog zwischen Seneca und Nero (Tac. ann. 14.53-56) .................................................................................. 24 2. Ergebnisse ............................................................................................. 53 3. Die Rede Neros (ann. 14.55-56) ........................................................... 54 4. Ergebnisse ............................................................................................. 69 IV. Das Gespräch zwischen Seneca und Nero im Kontext der Nerobücher der Annalen ......................................................................... 71 1. Die Peripetiefunktion des Textes .......................................................... 71 2. Senecas Darstellung in den Annalen vor und nach dem Ge- spräch mit Nero ..................................................................................... 76 V. Die Bedeutung von ann. 14.53-56 für die Darstellung Senecas bei Tacitus ................................................................................................. 85 VI. Tac. ann. 15.60.2ff.: Die Sterbeszene Senecas ...................................... 91 1. Einleitung .............................................................................................. 91 a) Zur Rezeptionsgeschichte ................................................................ 91 b) Forschungsergebnisse: Zur Kontroverse um ann. 15.60.2ff.......... 100 2. Der Text ann. 15.60.2-65 und seine Folien......................................... 104 a) Folien im Werk des Tacitus ........................................................... 104 Die Pisonische Verschwörung und ihre Opfer (ann. 15.48- 74).............................................................................................. 104 Sterbeszenen in ann. 16.................................................................. 114 Magnae mortes außerhalb der Annalen: Agricola und Otho........................................................................................... 131 b) Folien außerhalb des taciteischen Werkes: Senecas Tod vor dem Hintergrund seiner philosophischen Schriften....................... 137 VII. Schlußwort ........................................................................................... 155 VIII. Appendices.......................................................................................... 158 1. Die Octavia als Quelle für Tacitus? .................................................... 158 2. Sen. nat. 3 praef. 1-18 als Referenztext für Tacitus............................ 166 Bibliographie................................................................................................ 171 I. Einleitung 1 I. Einleitung „Es existieren nicht viele Aufgaben, die reizvoller wären als zum Beispiel die, ei- nen Künstler wie Tacitus zu befragen, mit welchen Mitteln es ihm gelingt, den Leser noch heute unwiderstehlich in den Bann seiner dämonischen Kunst zu zwingen.“ (Richard Heinze)1 „Dem Bemühen, die künstlerische Eigenart des Tacitus zu fassen, stellt sich als Hauptschwierigkeit der Verlust der in den Annalen und Historien benutzten Quellen entgegen.“ (Heinz Heubner)2 Zahllose Altertumswissenschaftler, so möchte man auf die 1906 gesprochenen Worte Richard Heinzes antworten und im Rückblick auf die intensive Ausein- andersetzung der althistorischen und philologischen Forschung der vergange- nen einhundert Jahre mit Tacitus urteilen, sind der dämonischen Kunst dieses Autors erlegen. Die Fülle der in diesem Zeitraum zu Tacitus und seinem Werk publizierten Aufsätze und Monographien ist gewaltig und erschien bereits Momigliano verdächtig, der im Jahr 1961 ausgerechnet in seiner Rezension von R. Symes „Tacitus“ die „heutige Überproduktion über Tacitus“ tadelte.3 Ein Blick in die umfangreichen Bibliographien Benarios und Suerbaums führt vor Augen, daß auch in den folgenden Jahrzehnten die Zahl der Veröffentli- chungen zu unserem Autor beständig gewachsen ist.4 In der Tat scheint Taci- tus bis heute auch die wissenschaftlichen Leser in den Bann seiner Erzählkunst zu zwingen. Die Flut der Publikationen dürfte nicht zuletzt darauf zurückzuführen sein, daß wir gewohnt sind, Tacitus – um eine Formulierung Friedrich Klingners zu verwenden – „als großen Einzelnen“ zu betrachten.5 Als solcher, so gilt es 1 Heinze, R., Die gegenwärtigen Aufgaben der Römischen Literaturgeschichte, in: Neue Jahr- bücher 10 (1907), S. 161ff., hier: S. 170f. Ich folge der leicht veränderten Fassung des Zita- tes, wie es Heubner, H., Studien zur Darstellungskunst des Tacitus, Würzburg 1935, ab- druckt. 2 Heubner, Studien, S. 1. 3 Momigliano, A., Rezension Syme, R., Tacitus, in: Gnomon 33 (1961), S. 55f., hier: S. 55. 4 Vgl. Benario, H.W., Six Years of Tacitean Studies. An Analytic Bibliography on the „An- nals“ (1981-1986), in: ANRW 2.33.2, Berlin 1990, S. 1477ff.; Suerbaum, W., Zweiundvier- zig Jahre Tacitus-Forschung: Systematische Gesamtbibliographie zu Tacitus’ Annalen 1939-1980, in: ANRW 2.33.2, Berlin 1990, S. 1032ff. 5 Vgl. Klingner, F., Tacitus und die Geschichtsschreibung des 1. Jahrhunderts n.Chr., in: MH 15 (1958), S. 194ff., hier: S. 194. I. Einleitung 2 einschränkend festzustellen, stellt er sich dem neuzeitlichen Leser jedoch al- leine vor dem Hintergrund der denkbar schlechten Überlieferung seiner auc- tores dar. Eine Untersuchung der Quellen, die genauen Aufschluß über die Eigenheiten der taciteischen Erzählkunst geben könnte und an deren Ende vielleicht eine gewisse Entzauberung unseres Autors stünde, ist unmöglich. Diese überlieferungsgeschichtlich bedingte Unschärfe wird auch in Zukunft dazu beitragen, daß die Flut der Publikationen zum Thema Tacitus nicht ab- reißen wird. Vor dem Hintergrund der Forschungsgeschichte der vergangenen einhundert Jahre liegt es auf der Hand, daß der Leser einer heute mit dem Titel „Seneca in den Annalen des Tacitus“ vorgelegten Arbeit erwarten darf, daß ihm zu- nächst die Gründe dargelegt werden, weshalb nach Meinung des Verfassers die Darstellung des bekannten Philosophen in dem viel gelesenen Werk des Historikers einer erneuten Untersuchung bedarf.6 Die Annalen des Tacitus enthalten mit den Passagen ann. 14.53ff., dem Ge- spräch zwischen Seneca und Nero, und ann. 15.60.2ff., der Sterbeszene Sene- cas, die wichtigsten, uns erhaltenen Quellentexte zum Leben des Philoso- phen. 7 Die erstaunlich widerspruchsvollen Ergebnisse der bisherigen For- schung werden der Bedeutung der Texte, an denen aufgrund ihres Quellen- wertes neben dem Philologen auch Philosophen, Historiker und Theologen erhebliches Interesse haben dürften, freilich nicht gerecht. So konnte etwa im Hinblick auf die wesentliche Frage, wie der Autor der Annalen die Person Senecas bewertet, bislang keine Einigkeit erzielt werden: Tacitus wird kühle Distanz gegenüber dem Philosophen zugeschrieben, darüber hinaus habe er ihn als einheitlichen Charaktertypen nicht zu erfassen und seine Person künstlerisch nicht zu bewältigen vermocht (Alexander, Dyson, Henry/Wal- ker). In den Augen Dürrs verehrt Tacitus das Opfer Neros, Griffin weist auf die apologetische Tendenz hin, die dem Portrait Senecas innewohnt. Syme gibt zu bedenken, ob nicht die Ambiguität der Darstellung Senecas als bril- lanter Kunstgriff des Autors zu werten sei, Flach schließlich übt Kritik an dem bisherigen unergiebigen Meinungsstreit zum Senecabild des Tacitus und sieht 6 Als bisherige Darstellungen zu unserem Thema sind insbesondere zu nennen: Dürr, K., Se- neca bei Tacitus, in: Gymnasium
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vita Senecae
    Julia Preuß Vita Senecae Eine deutsch-lateinische Kurzbiographie auf Grundlage der Epistulae morales 1. Herkunft und Ausbildung Lucius Annaeus Seneca wurde um die Zeitenwende in der südspanischen Stadt Corduba, welche damals die Hauptstadt der römischen Provinz Baetica war, geboren. Sein Geburtsjahr lässt sich nicht exakt bestimmen: Es lag zwischen 4 vor und 1 nach Christi Geburt, wahrscheinlich 1 v. Chr. Seine Familie gehörte dem Ritterstand an und war recht begütert. Senecas Vater, Lucius Annaeus Seneca der Ältere (ca. 55 v. Chr. bis 37 n. Chr.) war in der kaiserlichen Verwaltung tätig und darüber hinaus Redelehrer und Redner. Sein rhetorisches Hauptwerk, welches ihm auch den Namen ‚Seneca Rhetor‘ einbrachte, ist ein Zeugnis für die rhetorische Praxis in der Kaiserzeit. Senecas Mutter Helvia, die deutlich jünger als ihr Gatte war, schien eine kluge und an den Wissenschaften interessierte Frau gewesen zu sein, was bei den römischen Männern jedoch im Allgemeinen als verpönt galt. Seneca bedauert später in einem Brief, den er seiner Mutter aus dem Exil schickte, dass diese aufgrund der konservativen Engstirnigkeit seines Vaters keine intensivere Ausbildung genossen habe. Sie kümmerte sich stattdessen in erster Linie um das Familienvermögen und hielt sich auch sonst eher im Hintergrund. Seneca hatte noch zwei Brüder, den älteren Novatus, später Statthalter der römischen Provinz Achaia in Griechenland, und den jüngeren Mela, den Vater des berühmten Dichters Lucan. Seine spanische Herkunft erwähnt Seneca selbst nicht explizit, was vielleicht auch der Tatsache geschuldet ist, dass die Familie kurz nach Senecas Geburt wegen der angestrebten Ausbildung und Karriere der drei Söhne nach Rom umzog. Hier erwarb Seneca zunächst wie üblich Grundkenntnisse beim Elementarlehrer, dem grammaticus, sowie eine rhetorische Ausbildung.
    [Show full text]
  • CLAS 4000 Seminar in Classics on Seneca's Thyestes and LATN 4002 Roman Drama
    CLAS 4000 Seminar in Classics on Seneca’s Thyestes and LATN 4002 Roman Drama http://myweb.ecu.edu/stevensj/CLAS4000/2016syllabus.pdf Prof. John A. Stevens Spring 2016 Office: Ragsdale 133 [email protected] Office Hours: TTh 11-1:30 and by appt. (252) 328-6056 Objectives. Upon completion of this course, you will be able to: • Situate Senecan tragedy in the contexts of Roman literature, history and political philosophy • Analyze the elements of Roman Stoicism present in Seneca’s Thyestes • Characterize contemporary literary approaches to the play • Evaluate the play’s literary and philosophical elements as an integral whole Writing Intensive (WI) CLAS 4000 is a writing intensive course in the Writing Across the Curriculum Program at East Carolina University. With committee approval, this course contributes to the twelve-hour WI requirement for students at ECU. Additional information is available at: http://www.ecu.edu/writing/wac/. WI Course goals: • Use writing to investigate complex, relevant topics and address significant questions through engagement with and effective use of credible sources; • Produce writing that reflects an awareness of context, purpose, and audience, particularly within the written genres (including genres that integrate writing with visuals, audio or other multi-modal components) of their major disciplines and/or career fields; • Understand that writing as a process made more effective through drafts and revision; • Produce writing that is proofread and edited to avoid grammatical and mechanical errors; • Ability to assess and explain the major choices made in the writing process. • Students are responsible for uploading the following to iWebfolio (via Courses/Student Portfolio in OneStop): 1) A final draft of a major writing project from the WI course, 2) A description of the assignment for which the project was written, and 3) A writing self-analysis document (a component of our QEP).
    [Show full text]
  • Representing Roman Female Suicide. Phd Thesis
    GUILT, REDEMPTION AND RECEPTION: REPRESENTING ROMAN FEMALE SUICIDE ELEANOR RUTH GLENDINNING, BA (Hons) MA Thesis submitted to the University of Nottingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy DECEMBER 2011 Abstract This thesis examines representations of Roman female suicide in a variety of genres and periods from the history and poetry of the Augustan age (especially Livy, Ovid, Horace, Propertius and Vergil), through the drama and history of the early Principate (particularly Seneca and Tacitus), to some of the Church fathers (Tertullian, Jerome and Augustine) and martyr acts of Late Antiquity. The thesis explores how the highly ambiguous and provocative act of female suicide was developed, adapted and reformulated in historical, poetic, dramatic and political narratives. The writers of antiquity continually appropriated this controversial motif in order to comment on and evoke debates about issues relating to the moral, social and political concerns of their day: the ethics of a voluntary death, attitudes towards female sexuality, the uses and abuses of power, and traditionally expected female behaviour. In different literary contexts, and in different periods of Roman history, writers and thinkers engaged in this same intellectual exercise by utilising the suicidal female figure in their works. ii Acknowledgments I would like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council for providing the financial assistance necessary for me to carry out this research. The Roman Society also awarded a bursary that allowed me to undertake research at the Fondation Hardt pour I'etude de I'antiquite classique, in Geneva, Switzerland (June 2009). I am also grateful for the CAS Gender Histories bursary award which aided me while making revisions to the original thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • De Otio De Brevitate Vitae
    SENECA DE OTIO DE BREVITATE VITAE G. D. WILLIAMS Associate Professor of Classics, Columbia University, New York The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge , United Kingdom The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge, ,UK West th Street, New York, -, USA Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, , Australia Ruiz de Alarc´on , Madrid, Spain Dock House, The Waterfront, Cape Town , South Africa http://www.cambridge.org C Cambridge University Press This book is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge Typefaces Baskerville / pt and New Hellenic System LATEX ε [] A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library hardback paperback CONTENTS Preface page vii Conventions and abbreviations viii Introduction Author and date: initial problems The Dialogues in context (a) The Stoicbackground (b) The Roman philosophical tradition (c) From Republicto Empire De otio (a) The view from above (b) Date, addressee and related problems De breuitate uitae (a) Preliminaries (b) Date and addressee (c) Theme and interpretation Style and language (a) Senecan style: context and general tendency (b) Senecan mannerism, vocabulary, wordplay The transmission of the text L. ANNAEI SENECAE DE OTIO; DE BREVITATE VITAE Commentary Bibliography Indexes General Latin words Greek words v INTRODUCTION . AUTHOR AND DATE: INITIAL PROBLEMS Born into a provincial equestrian family of Italian extraction at Corduba (modern C´ordoba) in southern Spain, Lucius Annaeus Seneca (c. – ) wasraisedand educated from an early age at Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Seneca on Love
    Seneca on Love Anna Lydia MOTTO University of South Florida [email protected] Recibido: 15 de enero de 2007 Aceptado: 7 de marzo de 2007 omnia vincit Amor: et nos cedamus Amori Vergil1 ABSTRACT Within Seneca’s prose, one detects a deep understanding of the true feeling and significance of love in its different aspects —love for one’s family, for one’s friends, for one’s spouse, for one’s fellow men, for one’s country. Seneca’s ability to depict this human passion so vividly stems from his own good fortune to have experienced this emotion to the fullest in his own life. His philosophical writings are replete with moving descriptions of the many varieties of love that so strongly touched his own heart. True love, Seneca maintains, is, in many ways, analogous to an ideal friendship: both arise from mutual, genuine affection. In both cases, Seneca offers a simple philtre for their acquisition and their retention: si vis amari, ama. No one is deserving of love who is incapable of bestowing it upon others. Love is an undiluted emotion conferred with magnanimity; it does not look to personal convenience; it remains steadfast and is not altered by the vicissitudes of time and fortune. Such unselfish love gives gaudium to one’s soul. Our Cordoban Philosopher embraced a humanitarianism, a cosmopolitanism, and a love that included all human beings —men and women, rich and poor, masters and slaves. Keywords: Love. Friendship. Humanitarianism. MOTTO, A.L., «Seneca on love», Cuad. fil. clás. Estud. lat., 27, 1 (2007) 79-86.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucius Annaeus Seneca (Seneca the Younger)
    LUCIUS ANNAEUS SENECA (SENECA THE YOUNGER) “NARRATIVE HISTORY” AMOUNTS TO FABULATION, THE REAL STUFF BEING MERE CHRONOLOGY “Stack of the Artist of Kouroo” Project Seneca the Younger HDT WHAT? INDEX SENECA THE YOUNGER SENECA THE YOUNGER 147 BCE August 4: On this date the comet that had passed by the sun on June 28th should have been closest to the earth, but we have no dated record of it being seen at this point. The only Western record of observation of this particular periodic comet is one that happens to come down to us by way of Seneca the Younger, of a bright reddish comet as big as the sun that had been seen after the death of the king of Syria, Demetrius, just a little while before the Greek Achaean war (which had begun in 146 BCE). ASTRONOMY HDT WHAT? INDEX SENECA THE YOUNGER SENECA THE YOUNGER 2 BCE At about this point Lucius Annaeus Seneca was born as the 2d son of a wealthy Roman family on the Iberian peninsula. The father, Seneca the Elder (circa 60BCE-37CE) had become famous as a teacher of rhetoric in Rome. An aunt would take the boy to Rome where he would be trained as an orator and educated in philosophy. In poor health, he would recuperate in the warmth of Egypt. SENECA THE YOUNGER HDT WHAT? INDEX SENECA THE YOUNGER SENECA THE YOUNGER 31 CE Lucius Aelius Sejanus was made a consul, and obtained the permission he has been requesting for a long time, to get married with Drusus’ widow Livilla.
    [Show full text]
  • [Type the Document Title]
    AUGUSTUS AND THE ROMAN PROVINCES OF IBERIA Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by David Griffiths September 2013 To my parents. Table of Contents List of figures ........................................................................................................................... iii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. vii Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1: Militarism and the princeps: The Cantabrian War and its meaning for Augustus ... 6 1.1 The campaigns ................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 The motives for the campaigns ...................................................................................... 13 1.3 The political context of the war ..................................................................................... 18 1.4 The contemporary literary treatment of the war ............................................................ 27 1.5 The ghost of Antonius .................................................................................................... 33 1.6 The autobiography ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Roman Family in the Annals of Tacitus: a Consideration of the Family of the Annals and Its Objective Validity
    Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1949 The Roman Family in the Annals of Tacitus: A Consideration of the Family of the Annals and Its Objective Validity Walter M. Hayes Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Classics Commons Recommended Citation Hayes, Walter M., "The Roman Family in the Annals of Tacitus: A Consideration of the Family of the Annals and Its Objective Validity" (1949). Master's Theses. 764. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/764 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1949 Walter M. Hayes • THE ROMAN FAXILY IN TEE AtniALS OF T.ACITUS A CONSIDERATION OF TEE FJKILl OF THE .Am1.A.IS AND ITS OBJlOOTIVE VALIDITY BY WALTER HAYES A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILWENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR TEE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN LOYOlA UNIVERSITY JUNE 1949 Vita Mr. Walter M. Hayes, S.J., Vlras born in Detroit, Michig~~, September 4, 1922. He vms graduated from University of Detroit High School, Detroit, Michigan, June, 1940. Following his entrance into the Society of Jesus, Mr. Hayes continued his studies at Milford. Novitiate and xavier University from 1940 to 1944. He matri.culated as an undergraduate of' Loyola University in Fall of 1944.
    [Show full text]
  • {TEXTBOOK} on the Shortness of Life Life Is Long If You Know How
    ON THE SHORTNESS OF LIFE LIFE IS LONG IF YOU KNOW HOW TO USE IT 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Lucius Annaeus Seneca | 9780143036326 | | | | | On the Shortness of Life Life Is Long if You Know How to Use It 1st edition PDF Book So, this review is for those of us who stumble across a book with little or no knowledge of the subject matter — easy I know. But he who knows that this was the condition laid down for him at the moment of his conception will live on those terms, and at the same time he will guarantee with a similar strength of mind that no events take him by surprise. This was super interesting and fascinating how much is still true today. The book has been criticized and praised for its writing style, which has been Offering great literature in great packages at great prices, this series is ideal for those readers who want to explore and savor the Great Ideas that have shaped the world. Preview — On the Shortness of Life by Seneca. For they dash from one pleasure to another and cannot stay steady in one desire. The loss of status or money is no real setback to him, since his sense of self is not founded on external circumstances The surest path to true satisfaction is to conduct yourself within your means and to appreciate your lot in life. And, more importantly, how would a life lived as if any day was the last one look like, and why don't all our lives look like that? Or, get it for Licius Super Points! You just keep writing.
    [Show full text]
  • THE CHRISTIAN AFTER-LIFE of SENECA the YOUNGER the First Four Hundred Years
    THE CHRISTIAN AFTER-LIFE OF SENECA THE YOUNGER The First Four Hundred Years Joan Stivala Thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy of the Australian National University Frontispiece Peter Paul Rubens, The Death of Seneca c.1615 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This has been a long but fascinating journey and I have accumulated many debts along the way. First and foremost, I should like to express my gratitude to my principal supervisor, Robert Barnes, optimus magister, whose courteous patience is matched only by his scholarship. I am indebted also to the members of my advisory panel: Graeme Clarke, source of archaeological information and especially to Douglas Kelly for his labour in the last minute checking of the manuscript. Thanks, Doug. Many thanks are due to Suzy Pace and Nan Mackey for their efforts in proof reading. Thanks also to Bernard Stivala and Louise Cengia for their assistance with translations from French and to Claudia Haarmann and Gerlinde Lenz for their help with German. I wish to thank all staff members of History and of Classics, Australian National University, especially those who attended the seminars at which various sections of this thesis were presented and discussed. I am especially indebted to Beryl Rawson for her assistance with the arcane world of iconography, and to Elizabeth Minchin for her continued interest in my academic progress. Thanks are due also to Dennis Deslippe, formerly of History, for checking the appendix on Thomas Jefferson. I would also like to express my gratitude to the undergraduate students I taught in both disciplines, a couple of whom are now fellow postgraduate students.
    [Show full text]
  • The Romans: an Introduction
    The Romans: An Introduction The Romans: An Introduction 2nd edition is a concise, readable, and comprehensive survey of the civilization of ancient Rome. It covers more than 1,200 years of political and military history, including many of the famous, and infamous, personalities who featured in them, and describes the religions, society, and daily life of the Romans, and their literature, art, architecture, and technology, illustrated by extracts in new translations from Latin and Greek authors of the times. This new edition contains extensive additional and revised material designed to enhance the value of the book to students especially of classical or Roman civil- ization, Roman history, or elementary Latin, as well as to general readers and students of other disciplines for whom an understanding of the civilization and literature of Rome is desirable. In particular, the chapter on religions has been expanded, as have the sections on the role of women and on Roman social divisions and cultural traditions. There is more, too, on the diversity and administration of the empire at different periods, on changes in the army, and on significant figures of the middle and later imperial eras. New features include a glossary of Latin terms and timelines. Maps have been redrawn and new ones included along with extra illustrations, and reading lists have been revised and updated. The book now has its own dedicated website packed full of additional resources: www.the-romans.co.uk. Antony Kamm is a former lecturer in publishing studies at the University of Stirling. His other publications include Collins Biographical Dictionary of English Literature (1993), The Israelites: An Introduction (Routledge 1999), and Julius Caesar: A Life (Routledge 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Commentary on Seneca's De Clementia
    THE AGES DIGITAL LIBRARY HISTORY COMMENTARY ON SENECA’S DE CLEMENTIA by John Calvin Used by permisson from E.J. Brill Publishing All Rights Reserved © 1969 B o o k s F o r Th e A g e s AGES Software • Albany, OR USA Version 1.0 © 1998 2 THE TEXT OF THE PRESENT EDITION The text of the De Clementia is here basically printed from Calvin’s edition of 1532, not from any sort of antiquarian interest, but simply because this Commentary refers very specifically to this text, and to no other. We have, of course, a much better text today than Calvin had four hundred years ago; but if we want to understand his Commentary and that is the aim of the present publication — then we cannot work with any other text than that which he himself prepared for the presses of Louis Blauwbloem in the Rue de St. Jacques, Paris. In preparing the critical apparatus which is to be found at the bottom of each page, I have not attempted to do anything more than 1. to indicate where, and in what way, Calvin deviated from the standard edition published by Erasmus in 1529, and 2. to indicate the most important differences between Calvin’s text and the texts of current modern editions like that of Hosius (1914), Prechac (1921), and Faider (1928). In doing so, I have tried to be as explicit as possible, keeping in mind the abhorrence inspired in the mind of a student by a critical apparatus consisting of nothing but single little words or fragments of words.
    [Show full text]