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Chapter 16: Reaction Rates

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Chapter 16: Reaction Rates Chapter 16 Organizer: Reaction Rates ")' )DEA Every chemical reaction proceeds at a definite rate, but can be speeded up or slowed down by changing the conditions of the reaction. State/ National Section Objectives Local Resources to Assess Mastery Standards Standards Section 16.1 UCP.2, UPC.3; Entry-Level Assessment 1. Calculate average rates of chemical A.1; B.3, B.4, Focus Transparency 60 B.5, B.6; E.2; reactions from experimental data. Progress Monitoring F.1 2. Relate rates of chemical reactions to Formative Assessment, p. 566 collisions between reacting particles. Reading Check, p. 563 Graph Check, p. 565 Section Assessment, p. 566 Section 16.2 UCP.2, UPC.3; Entry-Level Assessment 1. Identify factors that affect the rates of A.1; B.3, B.4, Focus Transparency 61 B.6; E.2; F.1, chemical reactions. Progress Monitoring F.4, F.6 2. Explain the role of a catalyst. Formative Assessment, pp. 569, 572, 573 Reading Check, pp. 569, 570 Graph Check, pp. 570, 572 Section Assessment, p. 573 Section 16.3 UCP.2, UPC.3; Entry-Level Assessment 1. Express the relationship between reaction A.1; B.3 Focus Transparency 62 rate and concentration. Progress Monitoring 2. Determine reaction orders using the Formative Assessment, pp. 574, 577 method of initial rates. Reading Check, pp. 575, 576 Graph Check, p. 575 Section Assessment, p. 577 Section 16.4 UCP.2, UPC.3; Entry-Level Assessment 1. Calculate instantaneous rates of chemical A.1; B.2, B.3, Focus Transparency 63 B.4, B.6; E.2; reactions. Progress Monitoring F.4, F.5, F.6 2. Understand that many chemical reactions Formative Assessment, pp. 581, 582 occur in steps. Reading Check, p. 581 3. Relate the instantaneous rate of a complex Graph Check, pp. 578,582 reaction to its reaction mechanism. Section Assessment, p. 582 Summative Assessment Chapter Assessment, p. 586 ExamView® Assessment Suite CD-ROM 558A CCH16_IL_875044.inddH16_IL_875044.indd Sec1:558Sec1:558 33/6/07/6/07 22:12:47:12:47 PPMM Suggested Pacing Period Section 16.1 Section 16.2 Section 16.3 Section 16.4 Assessment Single 22111 Block 1 1 0.5 0.5 0.5 Customize any lab with Additional Print and Leveled Resources the LabManager™ Lab Materials CD-ROM. Technology Resources Science Notebook 16.1 OL Launch Lab, p. 559: baker’s yeast, hydrogen Technology: peroxide, beaker or cup, toothpick. ® FAST FILE Chapter Resources: ExamView Assessment Suite CD-ROM 15 min Study Guide, p. 100 OL StudentWorks™ Plus DVD-ROM Transparencies: TeacherWorks™ Plus DVD-ROM Section Focus Transparency 60 BL EL Virtual Labs CD-ROM Video Labs DVD What’s CHEMISTRY Got To Do With It? DVD Interactive Classroom DVD-ROM LabManager™ DVD-ROM Assessment: Performance Assessment in the Science Science Notebook 16.2 OL MiniLab, p. 571: effervescent tablets, 250-mL beaker, Classroom hot plate, nonmercury thermometer, water, FAST FILE Chapter Resources: Challenge Problems stopwatch or clock with second hand, balance. AL MiniLab Worksheet, p. 88 OL Supplemental Problems 15 min BL OL ChemLab Worksheet, p. 89 OL Chapter Test (Scaffolded) ChemLab, p. 584: 10-mL graduated pipette, safety Study Guide, p. 102 OL pipette filler, 6M hydrochloric acid, distilled water, FAST FILE Resources: Transparencies: 25-mm x 150-mm test tubes labeled 1-4, test tube Section Focus Transparency Masters Section Focus Transparency 61 rack, magnesium ribbon, emery cloth or fine BL EL Math Skills Transparency Masters Teaching Transparency 47 OL EL sandpaper, scissors, plastic ruler, tongs,watch with second hand or stopwatch, stirring rod. and Worksheets 45 min Teaching Transparency Masters and Worksheets Additional Resources: Science Notebook 16.3 OL Solving Problems: A Chemistry Handbook FAST FILE Chapter Resources: Cooperative Learning in the Science Study Guide, p. 103 OL Classroom Transparencies: Lab and Safety Skills in the Science Section Focus Transparency 62 BL EL Classroom Teaching Transparency 48 OL EL glencoe.com Math Skills Transparency 27 OL EL Lab Resources: Laboratory Manual OL CBL Laboratory Manual OL Small-Scale Laboratory Manual OL Science Notebook 16.4 OL Forensics Laboratory Manual OL FAST FILE Chapter Resources: Study Guide, p. 104 OL Transparencies: Section Focus Transparency 63 BL EL Teaching Transparency 49 OL EL BL Below Level OL On Level AL Advanced Learners EL English Learners COOP LEARN Cooperative Learning 558B CCH16_IL_875044.inddH16_IL_875044.indd Sec1:559Sec1:559 33/6/07/6/07 22:13:06:13:06 PPMM Start-Up Activities Reaction Rates BIG Idea LAUNCH Lab Fast and Slow Reactions To Combustion reactants BIG Idea Every chemical and products introduce this chapter’s Big Idea have reaction proceeds at a definite students brainstorm to think of rate, but can be speeded up or chemical reactions that occur at slowed down by changing the different rates. List the reactions conditions of the reaction. under three categories on the board: 16.1 A Model for extremely fast, medium, extremely Reaction Rates slow. Choose a medium or extremely MAIN Idea Collision theory is the key to understanding why some slow reaction and ask students how reactions are faster than others. they think the rate might be increased. Example: The rate at which 16.2 Factors Affecting Piston and cylinder a wooden log burns might be increased by Reaction Rates MAIN Idea Factors such as reducing it to fine shavings or using a bellows reactivity, concentration, temperature, to increase its contact with oxygen. surface area, and catalysts affect the rate of a chemical reaction. Tie to Previous 16.3 Reaction Rate Laws Knowledge MAIN Idea The reaction rate law is an experimentally determined Have students review the following mathematical relationship that concepts before studying this relates the speed of a reaction to the chapter. concentrations of the reactants. Chapter 9: chemical reactions, Engine 16.4 Instantaneous Reaction equations for chemical reactions Rates and Reaction Mechanisms Chapter 13: gas laws MAIN Idea The slowest step in a Chapter 14: molarity sequence of steps determines the rate of the overall chemical reaction. Use the Photo Compare Reaction Rates Have ChemFacts students describe the reaction that • Most cars today still use the same takes place in the cylinders of combustion system invented by υ an automobile engine. A spark causes Alphonse Bear de Rochas in 1862. υ gasoline vapors to react with oxygen in a • Regular, small explosions occurring υ combustion reaction. Ask students to in sequence in the cylinders of an υ compare the rate of this reaction automobile engine provide the energy to drive a car. υ with the rate at which an iron nail • In complete combustion, compon- rusts when left outside in inclement ents of gasoline and oxygen υ weather. The rate of the gasoline combus- combine in the cylinders to form tion reaction is much faster than the rate at carbon dioxide and water. which the nail rusts. Interactive Classroom C16_CO_874637.inddThis DVD-ROM 1 is an editable Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation that includes: 1/30/07 12:01:44 PMC16_CO_874637.indd 2 2/1/07 1:57:58 PM • a premade presentation for every chapter • additional diagnostic, formative, chapter, and Standardized Test Practice questions • animations • image bank • transparencies • links to glencoe.com 558 Chapter 16 • Reaction Rates CCH16_CO_875044.inddH16_CO_875044.indd 558558 33/6/07/6/07 22:10:59:10:59 PPMM Start-Up Activities LAUNCH LLabab RUBRIC available at glencoe.com Purpose Students will observe LAUNCH Lab Reaction Rates Make the how an enzyme increases the rate following Foldable to help you of a chemical reaction. How can you accelerate organize information about factors affecting reaction rates. Safety Precautions a reaction? Approve lab safety forms before work begins. Some chemical reactions go so slowly that nothing seems STEP 1 Stack three to be happening. In this lab, you can investigate one way sheets of paper with the WARNING: hydrogen peroxide is of speeding up a slow reaction. edges about 2 cm apart corrosive. vertically. Keep the left Disposal and right edges even. The spent hydrogen peroxide/yeast mixture can be flushed down a drain with water. STEP 2 Fold up the bottom edges of the Teaching Strategies paper to form five equal • Describe yeast metabolism, and tabs. Crease the fold to explain how yeast causes bread hold the tabs in place. to rise. • Continue to develop the concept STEP 3 Staple along Presence of a Catalyst of enzymes acting as catalysts in the fold. Label the tabs: Temperature Surface Area biological functions. Also discuss Nature of Reactants, Concentration Nature of Reactants chemical catalysts in other every- Concentration, Surface Factors Affecting Procedure Area, Temperature, and Reaction Rates day situations. 1. Read and complete the lab safety form. Presence of a Catalyst. • See page 48T for preparation of 2. Create a Before and After table to record your solutions. observations. &/,$!",%3 Use this Foldable with Section 16.2. As Expected Results 3. Pour about 10 mL of hydrogen peroxide into you read the section, define each factor and summarize The hydrogen a small . Observe the hydrogen beaker or cup its effect on reaction rate. Include examples in your peroxide is clear and colorless. When peroxide. Complete the Before column with your initial observations. summaries. yeast is added, bubbles form. After WARNING: Hydrogen peroxide is corrosive. a short while, the mixture also starts Avoid contact with skin and eyes. to foam. 4. Add 0.1 g of baker’s yeast to the hydrogen peroxide. Stir gently with a toothpick, and observe the mixture again. Complete the column with After Visit glencoe.com to: your observations. υ study the entire chapter online Analysis υ explore Customize this lab with υ take Self-Check Quizzes the LabManager™ 1. Identify the two products formed when hydrogen peroxide decomposes.
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