Die Studierenden Der Universität Rostock Im Dritten Reich

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Die Studierenden Der Universität Rostock Im Dritten Reich Die Studierenden der Universität Rostock im Dritten Reich Von Juliane Deinert Rostocker Studien zur Universitätsgeschichte Band 11 Universität Rostock 2010 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Bibliothek Die deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliografische Angaben sind im Internet über http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Herausgeber: Der Rektor der Universität Rostock Redaktion: Kersten Krüger Druckvorlage: Juliane Deinert, Kersten Krüger Einband: Medienzentrum der Universität Rostock Druck und Herstellung: Universitätsdruckerei Rostock 767-10 Copyright 2010 by Universität Rostock ISBN 978-3-86009-090-9 Bezugsmöglichkeiten: Universität Rostock Universitätsarchiv Schwaansche Straße 4 18051 Rostock Telefon: +49-381 498 8621 Fax: +49-381 498 8622 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Die Rostocker Studentenschaft im Dritten Reich – eine unbekannte Größe............................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Die These von der „braunen Universität“ durch nationalsozialistische Studenten....................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Entwicklung und Konjunkturen universitätsgeschichtlicher For- schung............................................................................................................ 10 1.3 Methode und Quellen.............................................................................. 15 2. Die Studentenschaft in der Weimarer Republik....................................... 18 2.1 Die sozialökonomische Krise.................................................................. 18 2.2 Politische (Des)-Orientierung einer jungen Generation – Der Weg zum Nationalsozialismus....................................................................................... 37 2.3 Gründung und Etablierung des „Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Studentenbundes“.......................................................................................... 45 2.4 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................. 63 3. Die Universität zu Beginn der Nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft........... 65 3.1 Universitäre Umbaumaßnahmen im Überblick ...................................... 65 3.2 Aufbruch- und Reformstimmung innerhalb der Studentenschaft............ 67 3.3 Die „Aktion wider den undeutschen Geist“............................................. 75 3.4 Die Durchsetzung des Führerprinzips..................................................... 84 3.5 Die Einleitung erster Schritte zur wehrtauglichen Erziehung der Stu- dentenschaft................................................................................................... 106 3.6 Der aussichtslose Kampf der Korporationen........................................... 129 3.7 Die Möglichkeit des Widerstandes.......................................................... 149 3.8 Personalpolitik......................................................................................... 158 3.9 Zusammenfassung .................................................................................. 167 4. Von der Konsolidierung bis zur Destruktion – Das universitäre Leben im gefestigten Nationalsozialismus und im Krieg......................................... 170 4.1 Konsolidierung und Normalisierung des NS-Systems........................... 170 4.2 Weitere Formen der studentischen Erziehung im gefestigten National- sozialismus..................................................................................................... 172 4.3 Nach Ausbruch des Krieges: Verschärfung der außerfachlichen Belas- tungen............................................................................................................ 179 4.4 Der Krieg vor der Tür: Bomben fallen auf Rostock................................ 188 4.5 Neue Lehrinhalte und -situationen im Namen des Nationalsozialismus und des späteren Krieges............................................................................... 195 Inhaltsverzeichnis 4.6 Die Entstehung eines neuen Studententyps – des Soldatenstudenten..... 202 4.7 Die letzte Phase des Krieges ................................................................... 212 4.8 Zusammenfassung................................................................................... 226 5. Das Profil der Studentenschaft: Wer studierte an der Rostocker Univer- sität im Nationalsozialismus?........................................................................ 228 5.1 Die Immatrikulationszahlen an der Universität Rostock in den Jahren des Nationalsozialismus................................................................................. 228 5.2 Umfang und Bedeutung der weiblichen Studentenschaft........................ 244 5.3 Die Gruppe der jüdischen Studierenden.................................................. 252 5.4 Ausländische Studierende........................................................................ 266 5.5 Der Studentenschaftsanteil an den einzelnen Fakultäten......................... 277 5.6 Die Sozialstruktur: Abstammung und Herkunft der Studentenschaft..... 288 5.7 Gebührendruck und Stipendienwesen..................................................... 304 6. Der politische Student – Zum NS-Organisationsverhalten der Rostocker Studentenschaft.............................................................................................. 314 6.1 Der Kampf um das Erziehungsmonopol.................................................. 314 6.2 Der Grad der Nationalsozialistischen Organisationszugehörigkeit bei den Rostocker Studierenden.......................................................................... 315 6.3 Das soziale Profil der NS-organisierten Studierenden............................ 335 6.3.1 Nach Fakultäten.................................................................................... 335 6.3.2 Die Konfession der Studierenden ........................................................ 341 6.4 Zusammenfassung................................................................................... 345 7. Schlussgedanken........................................................................................ 349 Quellen und Literatur..................................................................................... 355 Anhang........................................................................................................... 382 Abkürzungsverzeichnis.................................................................................. 422 Verzeichnis der Tabellen, Diagramme und Abbildungen............................. 425 Vorwort Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde im Mai 2008 an der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Rostock als Dissertation angenommen und im Januar 2009 verteidigt. Danken möchte ich vor allem meinem Doktorvater, Prof. Dr. Kersten Krüger, der die Arbeit vorbildlich und geduldig betreute und mir viel Leidenschaft für das Thema mit auf den Weg gab. Mein Dank gilt auch Prof. Dr. Werner Müller (Universität Rostock) und Prof. Dr. Werner Buchholz (Universität Greifswald), die sich freundlicherweise bereit erklärten, das Zweit- und Drittvotum abzugeben. Für das allgegenwärtige Entgegenkommen und die Hilfestellungen bin ich ferner der Leiterin des Rostocker Universitätsarchivs, Frau Dr. Hartwig, und ihren Mitarbeitern, Herrn Erdmann und Frau Kleinschmidt verbunden. Besonders viel Kraft und Zuversicht erhielt ich von meinem Mann Olaf, der mir stets mit Rat und Zuspruch zur Seite stand. Ihm und meiner Familie – meinen Eltern, meinen Schwiegereltern und meiner Schwester – danke ich auch, dass sie mich immer wieder im privaten Bereich entlasteten und meinen Weg stets mit Wohlwollen verfolgten. Uslar, im Juni 2010 Juliane Deinert 1. Die Rostocker Studentenschaft im Dritten Reich – eine unbekannte Größe 1.1 Die These von der „braunen Universität“ durch nationalsozialistische Stu- denten „Keine andere Hochschule der Ost- und Nordsee-Küstenländer hat eine Geschichte von gleichem Umfang aufzuweisen.“ – Gustav Kohfeldt (1930) –1 Als eine der ältesten Universitäten2 im Norden Europas hat die Rostocker Hoch- schule eine lange Tradition und eine bewegende Geschichte im Wandel der Zei- ten und Epochen erlebt. Doch nicht immer war ihr Ruf glanzvoll: als das „aka- demische Sibirien“3 benennt Helmut Heiber die alte „alma mater“ Rostock und verweist damit auf ihre Schlusslichtstellung innerhalb der deutschen Hochschul- landschaft in den Jahren vor und während der Zeit des Dritten Reiches. Eine an- dere Betitelung stellt Rostock als die „erste braune Universität“ vor, da sie als erste Hochschule das Führerprinzip in die Studentensatzung aufnahm.4 Welches Bild Rostock in den Jahren 1933-1945 tatsächlich widerspiegelt, soll Gegenstand dieser Arbeit sein. Dabei soll vor allem die Gruppe der Studen- tenschaft in den Blick genommen werden, deren Profil sich im Laufe des Natio- nalsozialismus – soviel darf schon vorweg genommen werden – vehement wan- delte. 1 Gustav Kohfeldt, Universität Rostock, in: Michael Doeberl (Hg.), Das akademische Deutschland, Bd. I: Die deutschen Hochschulen und ihre Geschichte, Berlin 1930, S. 363- 372, S. 363. 2 Am 12. November 1419 wurde die Universität eröffnet. Gründer waren die Mecklenburgi- schen Herzöge, der Bischof von Schwerin und die Stadt Rostock. 3 Helmut Heiber, Universität unterm Hakenkreuz, Teil I, Der Professor im Dritten Reich. Bil- der aus der akademischen Provinz, München/ London/ New York/ Paris 1991, S.265. 4 Diese Benennung stammt von
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