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The Fate of Young Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany

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The Fate of Young Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page A “This latest valuable addition to Walter Laqueur’s insightful and extensive chron- icle of European Jewry’s fate in the twentieth century is an exceedingly well- crafted and fascinating collective biography of the younger generation of Jews: how they lived under the heels of the Nazis, the various routes of escape they found, and how they were received and ultimately made their mark in the lands of their refuge. It is a remarkable story, lucidly told, refusing to relinquish its hold on the reader.” —Rabbi Alexander M. Schindler, President emeritus, Union of American Hebrew Congregations “Picture that generation, barely old enough to flee for their lives, and too young to offer any evident value to a world loath to give them shelter. Yet their achieve- ments in country after country far surpassed the rational expectations of conven- tional wisdom. What lessons does this story hold for future generations? Thanks to Walter Laqueur’s thought-provoking biography, we have a chance to find out.” —Arno Penzias, Nobel Laureate “Generation Exodus documents the extraordinary experiences and attitudes of those young Austrian and German Jews who were forced by the Nazis to emigrate or to flee for their lives into a largely unknown outside world. In most cases they left behind family members who would be devoured by the infernal machines of the Holocaust. Yet by and large, some overcoming great obstacles, some with the help of caring relatives or friends, or of strangers, they became valuable members of their adopted homelands. Their contributions belie their small numbers. I my- self described my sense of identity as ‘an American, a citizen of the world, a Jew, and a former Austrian.’ Others see themselves differently. This is a book which brings joy and pain: joy for the rescue of these valuable lives; infinite sorrow for those that were extinguished. The book’s significance for our harsh times far ex- ceeds its specific subject.” —Walter Kohn, Nobel Laureate “Walter Laqueur has always been an historian with an eye to significant, and sometimes neglected, historical episodes. Generation Exodus is a prime example of that talent. It is an absorbing story of the ‘saving remnant’ of the German Jewish generation that survived and so often became famous—with surprises such as the Nobel Laureates Arno Penzias and Konraad Bloch, and Dr. Ruth Westheimer. It is not an ‘exotic’ story, but a sober one, reminding us of the shame of the United States which limited the entry of Jewish refugees before the war and doomed many of them to their death.” —Daniel Bell, Henry Ford II Professor of Social Sciences Emeritus, Harvard University Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page B “I am deeply impressed by Walter Laqueur’s new book. He provides us with mov- ing portraits of human fates in the last century. What he describes is my genera- tion. Both of us went to school in Berlin at the same time. The sufferings of those who had to emigrate, their incredible challenges to find new roots, their astound- ing success in many cases, and, last but not at all least, the never-healing losses to their former homes tell the story to the young generation in our part of the world that it should never forget.” —Richard v. Weizsäcker, former president of the German Federal Republic “Walter Laqueur’s fascinating account of the fate of teenage nobodies who became superstars after they had been driven from their homelands by the Nazis is an in- spirational counterpoint to the well-known post-emigration stories of the mem- bers of the elder generation (the Bertolt Brechts, Albert Einsteins, Thomas Manns), who were already famous when they turned into refugees.” —Gunther S. Stent, University of California at Berkeley “Although I am a member and a friend of many members of Generation Exodus, I was totally unprepared for the multitude of different fates and adventures with which members of my generation of Jews from Germany survived the Second World War and which are described in this fascinating book. Laqueur shows that these people did not merely survive; they mastered their lives creatively and ag- gressively under the most adverse circumstances. This book is based on thousands of published and unpublished interviews, memoirs, diaries, and letters which Laqueur pulled together from individuals and archives in literally all corners of the world. It is a fascinating and gripping story which has not been told so far and needed to be told.” —Ernest Fontheim, University of Michigan “Walter Laqueur’s skillfully woven tapestry vividly portrays the achievements of the widely dispersed members of this group who have been a blessing to the coun- tries where they found refuge. Looking back over the past fifty years one might conclude that no other wave of refugees left their imprint in so many diverse fields and in so many countries than did those who were given the opportunity to leave Germany while there was still time. With his skillful style, Laqueur has collected their story.” —Stanley Rabinowitz, Rabbi Emeritus, Adas Israel Congregation, Washington D.C. Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page i GENERATION EXODUS Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page iiblank Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page iii Walter Laqueur GENERATION EXODUS The Fate of Young Jewish Refugees from Nazi Germany Q Brandeis University Press Published by University Press of New England Hanover and London Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page iv Brandeis University Press Published by University Press of New England, Hanover, NH 03755 © 2001 by Brandeis University Press Originally published in German as Geboren in Deutschland: Der Exodus der jüdischen Jugend nach 1933 by Propyläen in 2000. All rights reserved Printed in United States of America 54321 Every effort has been made to trace and acknowledge ownership of copyright for the photographs. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Laqueur, Walter, 1921– Generation exodus: the fate of young Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany / Walter Laqueur. p. cm. — (The Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry series) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) isbn 1–58465–106–7 (cloth) 1. Jews—Germany—History—1933–1945. 2. Refugees, Jews—Biography. 3. Jewish youth—Germany—Biography. 4. Jews—Germany—Migrations. 5. Germany—Ethnic relations. I . Title. II. Series. ds135.g3315 l37 2001 943'.004924—dc21 00-010538 Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page v the tauber institute for the study of european jewry series Jehuda Reinharz, General Editor Michael Brenner, Associate Editor The Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry, established by a gift to Brandeis University from Dr. Laszlo N. Tauber, is dedicated to the memory of the victims of Nazi persecutions between 1933 and 1945. The Institute seeks to study the history and culture of European Jewry in the modern period. The Institute has a special interest in studying the causes, nature, and consequences of the Euro- pean Jewish catastrophe within the contexts of modern European diplomatic, in- tellectual, political, and social history. Gerhard L. Weinberg, 1981 Michael R. Marrus, 1987 World in the Balance: The Holocaust in History Behind the Scenes of World War II Paul Mendes-Flohr, editor, 1987 Richard Cobb, 1983 The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig French and Germans, Germans and French: A Personal Interpretation of France under Joan G. Roland, 1989 Two Occupations, 1914–1918/1940–1944 Jews in British India: Identity in a Colonial Era Eberhard Jäckel, 1984 Hitler in History Yisrael Gutman, Ezra Mendelsohn, Jehuda Reinharz, and Chone Shmeruk, editors, Frances Malino and 1989 Bernard Wasserstein, editors, 1985 The Jews of Poland The Jews in Modern France Between Two World Wars Jehuda Reinharz and Avraham Barkai, 1989 Walter Schatzberg, editors, 1985 From Boycott to Annihilation: The Jewish Response to German Culture: The Economic Struggle of German Jews, From the Enlightenment to the 1933–1943 Second World War Alexander Altmann, 1991 Jacob Katz, 1986 The Meaning of Jewish Existence: The Darker Side of Genius: Theological Essays 1930–1939 Richard Wagner’s Anti-Semitism Magdalena Opalski and Jehuda Reinharz, editor, 1987 Israel Bartal, 1992 Living with Antisemitism: Poles and Jews: Modern Jewish Responses A Failed Brotherhood Walter Laqueur: Generation Exodus page vi Richard Breitman, 1992 Samuel Bak, paintings The Architect of Genocide: Lawrence L. Langer, Himmler and the Final Solution essay and commentary, 1997 Landscapes of Jewish Experience George L. Mosse, 1993 Confronting the Nation: Jeffrey Shandler and Jewish and Western Nationalism Beth S. Wenger, editors, 1997 Encounters with the “Holy Land”: Daniel Carpi, 1994 Place, Past and Future in Between Mussolini and Hitler: American Jewish Culture The Jews and the Italian Authorities in France and Tunisia Simon Rawidowicz, 1998 State of Israel, Diaspora, and Jewish Walter Laqueur and Continuity: Essays on the Richard Breitman, 1994 “Ever-Dying People” Breaking the Silence: The German Who Exposed the Final Solution Jacob Katz, 1998 A House Divided: Ismar Schorsch, 1994 Orthodoxy and Schism in Nineteenth- From Text to Context: Century Central European Jewry The Turn to History in Modern Judaism Elisheva Carlebach, John M. Efron, and Jacob Katz, 1995 David N. Myers, editors, 1998 With My Own Eyes: Jewish History and Jewish Memory: The Autobiography of an Historian Essays in Honor of Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi Gideon Shimoni, 1995 Shmuel Almog, Jehuda Reinharz, and The Zionist Ideology Anita Shapira, editors, 1998 Zionism and Religion
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