When you’re going overseas, you have enough to worry about without worrying about your insurance,too. Moving overseas can be a very traumatic time if you Moving overseas is simplified by the AFSA-sponsored don’t have the proper insurance. The fact is, the government insurance program for AFSA members. Our insurance will be responsible for only $15,000 worth of your belongings. program will take care of most of your worries. If any of your personal valuables such as cameras, jewelry, With our program, you can purchase as much property furs and fine arts are destroyed, damaged or stolen, you insurance as you feel you need at only 750 per $100, and it would receive not the replacement cost of the goods, but only covers you for the replacement cost of household furniture a portion of what you’d have to pay to replace them. and personal effects that are destroyed, damaged or stolen, Claims processes are another headache you shouldn't with no depreciation. You can also insure your valuable have to worry about. The government claims process is articles on an agreed amount basis, without any limitation. usually lengthy and requires investigation and AFSA coverage is worldwide, whether on business or documentation. pleasure. Should you have a problem, we provide simple, If you limit yourself to the protection provided under the fast, efficient claims service that begins with a simple phone Claims Act, you will not have worldwide comprehensive call or letter, and ends with payment in either U.S. dollars personal liability insurance, complete theft coverage or or local currency. coverage for your personal valuables on an agreed amount With the AFSA plan, you can also get comprehensive basis. Can you afford to travel overseas without this personal liability insurance, complete theft coverage and additional protection? itemized protection for your valuable articles. You have enough to worry about. Let us take care of your insurance. AFSA Desk, The Hirshorn Company 14 East Highland Avenue Philadelphia, Pa. 19118 (215) CH 2-8200* Send me your free brochure (with built-in application form) that answers my questions about overseas insurance. Name Address City/State/Zip Note: The insurance policies, not this advertisement, will form the contract 'If calling from the Washington between the insured and the insurance company. The policies contain limits, D.C. area (202) 457-0250 exclusions and limitations not listed here. 181 JANUARY 1981: Volume 58, No. 1 Sforeign ISSN 0015-7279 emee , The Future of Diplomacy— and Diplomats journal CHARLES MAECHLING, JR. 17 Who Should Be an American Ambassador? American Foreign Service Association MARTIN F. HERZ 23 Officers and Members of the Governing Board KENNETH W BLEAKLEY. President Breakout: A Plan for Reforming ANTHEA S. DE ROUVILLE. Vice President FRANK DIMOND, Second Vice President Our Foreign Policy Institutions: GALEN FOX, Secretary Part I RON WITHERELL, Treasurer JONATHAN L. SPERLING, AID Representative WILLIAM CLEVEN VEALE 29 FRED M. SHAVER, ICA Representative MATTHEW P, DALEY, JOSEPH N. MCBRIDE, ROBERT H. STERN, Lessons of the Midcentury State Representatives SPENCER KING AND CHARLES WHITEHOUSE, ELEANOR LANSING DULLES 33 Retired Representatives Foreign Service Wife: A Study in Motion Journal Editorial Board NANCY MATTHEWS 39 JOEL M, WOLDMAN, Chairman H. KENNETH HILL JAMES F O'CONNOR JAMES L. ROUSH Hold on Tight HARRIET P. CULLEY DONALD MACCORQUODALE WESLEY N PEDERSEN DAVID WILSON FRANCIS X. CUNNINGHAM 44 GEORGE S. DRAGNICH Women in the Foreign Service: A Quiet Revolution Staff BARBARA GOOD 47 ROBERT M. BEERS, Executive Director SUSAN HOLIK, General Counsel Diplomacy and War in the SABINE SISK, Members' Interest/Grievance Representative PAT GUILD, Executive Secretary 20th Century: CECIL B. SANNER. Membership and Circulation The Foreign Service Career of Cornelius Van H. Engert AFSA Scholarship Programs JOHN J. HARTER 51 DAWN CUTHELL OTHER FEATURES: Communication re: The Roots of the Foreign Service, page 4; Communication re: For¬ eign Service Species, by Toby Zettler, page 10; Com¬ Journal munication re: Washington Revisited, page 13; A Diplo¬ SHIRLEY R. NEWHALL, Editor mat’s Viewpoint, by Jack Perry, page 14. RICHARD R, LOHMEYER, Editorial Assistant MclVER ART & PUBLICATIONS, INC., Art Direction Editorial 16 Association News 35 Book Essay: The Glorious Attempt, Advertising Representatives by Ralph Stuart Smith 57 Bookshelf 58 JAMES C. SASMOR ASSOCIATES, 521 Fifth Ave., Suite 1700. Letters to the Editor 69 New York, N.Y. 10017 (212) 683-3421 ALBERT D. SHONK CO., 681 Market St., San Francisco, Foreign Service People 70 Calif. 94105 (415) 392-7144 JOSHUA B. POWERS. LTD., 46 Keyes House. Dolphin Sq., London COVER. The First Home of the Department of State, SW1 01-834-8023 9. International Representatives. by Robert Sivard The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL is the journal of professionals in foreign annually. Retired Active Members—Dues are $40 annually for members with affairs, published eleven times a year by the American Foreign Service incomes over $30,000: $25 annually for less than $20,000 Associate Mem¬ Association, a non-profit organization. bers—Dues are $25 annually. All dues payments include $6.50 allocation for the Journal and AFSA News, per AFSA Bylaws. Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the writers and is not intended to indicate the official views of the Department of State, the In¬ For subscription to the JOURNAL, one year (11 issues); $7.50; two years, ternational Communication Agency, the Agency for International Development $12.00. For subscriptions going abroad, except Canada, add $1.00 annually or the United States Government as a whole. for overseas postage. While the Editorial Board of the JOURNAL is responsible for its general Microfilm copies of current as well as of back issues of the FOREIGN content, statements concerning the policy and administration of AFSA as SERVICE JOURNAL are available through the University Microfilm Library employee representative under Executive Order 11636 on the editorial page Services, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 under a contract signed October 30. and in the AFSA News, and all communications relating to these, are the 1967. responsibility of the AFSA Governing Board American Foreign Service Association, 1981. The Foreign Service Journal Membership in the American Foreign Service Association is open to the is published eleven times a year by the American Foreign Service Association, professionals in foreign affairs overseas or in Washington, as well as to per¬ 2101 E Street, N.W.. Washington, D C. 20037. Telephone (202) 338-4045. sons having an active interest in, or close association with foreign affairs. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. and at additional post office. Membership dues are: Active Members—Dues range from $52 to $104 The chief function of the second committee was to keep our ministers in Europe, as the commissioners had be¬ Communication Re: come, informed about events in the United States. But even then diplomats in the field were not satisfied with the THE ROOTS OF correspondence they received. John Jay wrote the commit¬ tee from Spain in 1780, “Till now I have received but one THE FOREIGN SERVICE letter from (the committee), and that not worth a farth¬ ing. One good private correspondent would be worth twenty standing committees, made of the wisest heads in Editor’s Note: This overview of the origin and establishment of America, for the purpose of intelligence.” the Foreign Service and the Department of State was compiled by The great accomplishment of the two committees of the Harriet P. Culley. It leads the way into an issue which combines Continental Congress was the work of the commission in the history of the Foreign Service with present-day concerns. France composed of Dr. Franklin, Mr. Deane, and Mr. Lee. They signed with France treaties of amity and com¬ The roots of the Department of Foreign Affairs go back merce and of alliance on February 6, 1778, which repre¬ to 1775 and the appointment of a “Committee of Secret sented the first public recognition of the independence of Correspondence,” with Benjamin Franklin at its head. The the United States by a foreign power. Continental Congress had responsibility for the foreign af¬ By the end of 1780 it was obvious that the increasing fairs of the colonies and was charged with “sending and re¬ burden of international relations could not be handled by ceiving ambassadors under any character, entering into the committee for foreign affairs and, in January, it sent to treaties and alliances, etc.”* But after 14 months, the Congress a “plan for the department of foreign affairs.” members decided to lighten the burden on themselves and The plan pointed out “that the extent and rising power of passed the following resolution in November 1775: these United States entitle them to place among the great Resolved, that a committee of five be appointed for the pur¬ potentates of Europe” and necessitate “friendly correspond¬ pose of corresponding with our friends in Great Britain, Ireland, ence and connection” and “that to render such an inter¬ and other parts of the world, and that they lay their correspon¬ course advantageous, the necessity of those potentates, is dence before Congress when directed. obvious” and can “only be acquired by a constant attention The new committee started corresponding with “our to the state of Europe, and an unremitted application to the friends” in Europe to explore the possibility of a reconcili¬ means of acquiring well-grounded information.” ation with Great Britain. In March 1776, it sent its first The plan stated “that Congress was, moreover, called representative, Silas Deane, to the Court of France, and, upon to maintain with our ministers at foreign courts a soon after, Dr. Franklin and Arthur Lee joined him to make regular correspondence, and to keep them fully informed up a commission to negotiate a treaty with France.