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Military Tribunals: the Quirin Precedent
Order Code RL31340 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Military Tribunals: The Quirin Precedent March 26, 2002 Louis Fisher Senior Specialist in Separation of Powers Government and Finance Division Congressional Research Service The Library of Congress Military Tribunals: The Quirin Precedent Summary On November 13, 2001, President George W. Bush issued a military order to provide for the detention, treatment, and trial of those who assisted the terrorist attacks on the two World Trade Center buildings in New York City and the Pentagon on September 11. In creating a military commission (tribunal) to try the terrorists, President Bush modeled his tribunal in large part on a proclamation and military order issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1942, after the capture of eight German saboteurs. This report describes the procedures used by the World War II military tribunal to try the eight Germans, the habeas corpus petition to the Supreme Court, and the resulting convictions and executions. Why was the tribunal created, and why were its deliberations kept secret? How have scholars evaluated the Court’s decision in Ex parte Quirin (1942)? The decision was unanimous, but archival records reveal division and disagreement among the Justices. Also covered in this report is a second effort by Germany two years later to send saboteurs to the United States. The two men captured in this operation were tried by a military tribunal, but under conditions and procedures that substantially reduced the roles of the President and the Attorney General. Those changes resulted from disputes within the Administration, especially between the War Department and the Justice Department. -
Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss . -
A Counterintelligence Reader, Volume 2 Chapter 1, CI in World
CI in World War II 113 CHAPTER 1 Counterintelligence In World War II Introduction President Franklin Roosevelts confidential directive, issued on 26 June 1939, established lines of responsibility for domestic counterintelligence, but failed to clearly define areas of accountability for overseas counterintelligence operations" The pressing need for a decision in this field grew more evident in the early months of 1940" This resulted in consultations between the President, FBI Director J" Edgar Hoover, Director of Army Intelligence Sherman Miles, Director of Naval Intelligence Rear Admiral W"S" Anderson, and Assistant Secretary of State Adolf A" Berle" Following these discussions, Berle issued a report, which expressed the Presidents wish that the FBI assume the responsibility for foreign intelligence matters in the Western Hemisphere, with the existing military and naval intelligence branches covering the rest of the world as the necessity arose" With this decision of authority, the three agencies worked out the details of an agreement, which, roughly, charged the Navy with the responsibility for intelligence coverage in the Pacific" The Army was entrusted with the coverage in Europe, Africa, and the Canal Zone" The FBI was given the responsibility for the Western Hemisphere, including Canada and Central and South America, except Panama" The meetings in this formative period led to a proposal for the organization within the FBI of a Special Intelligence Service (SIS) for overseas operations" Agreement was reached that the SIS would act -
Tsetusuo Wakabayashi, Revealed
Tsetusuo Wakabayashi, Revealed By Dwight R. Rider Edited by Eric DeLaBarre Preface Most great works of art begin with an objective in mind; this is not one of them. What follows in the pages below had its genesis in a research effort to determine what, if anything the Japanese General Staff knew of the Manhattan Project and the threat of atomic weapons, in the years before the detonation of an atomic bomb over Hiroshima in August 1945. That project drew out of an intense research effort into Japan’s weapons of mass destruction programs stretching back more than two decades; a project that remains on-going. Unlike a work of art, this paper is actually the result of an epiphany; a sudden realization that allows a problem, in this case the Japanese atomic energy and weapons program of World War II, to be understood from a different perspective. There is nothing in this paper that is not readily accessible to the general public; no access to secret documents, unreported interviews or hidden diaries only recently discovered. The information used in this paper has been, for the most part, available to researchers for nearly 30 years but only rarely reviewed. The paper that follows is simply a narrative of a realization drawn from intense research into the subject. The discoveries revealed herein are the consequence of a closer reading of that information. Other papers will follow. In October of 1946, a young journalist only recently discharged from the US Army in the drawdown following World War II, wrote an article for the Atlanta Constitution, the premier newspaper of the American south. -
Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
The Influence of Ex-Parte Quirin and Courts
Copyright 2008 by Northwestern University School of Law Vol. 103 Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy THE INFLUENCE OF EX PARTE QUIRIN AND COURTS-MARTIAL ON MILITARY COMMISSIONS Morris D. Davis* Professor Greg McNeal was an academic consultant to the prosecution during my tenure as the Chief Prosecutor for the military commissions at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba. We had similar perspectives on many issues, and we still confer on detainee matters. I concur with the views expressed in his essay.1 I write to address two issues Professor McNeal identified and com- ment on how they affect the military commissions. First, I examine the case of the Nazi saboteurs—captured, tried, and executed in the span of seven weeks in 1942—and its influence on the decision in 2001 to resurrect military commissions. Second, I assess the conflicting statutory provisions in the Military Commissions Act and the impact on full, fair, and open tri- als. I. ATTEMPTING TO REPEAT HISTORY Professor McNeal argues that the administration chose military com- missions to protect information collected for intelligence (intel) purposes from disclosure. Safeguarding intel, particularly the sources and methods used to acquire information, was a key factor, but I believe the decision had a broader basis heavily influenced by a precedent-setting trial in 1942 that became the template for the President‘s Military Order of November 13, 2001.2 Shortly after midnight the morning of June 13, 1942, four men left a German submarine and came ashore at Amagansett Beach, New York.3 * Morris D. Davis served as Chief Prosecutor for the military commissions at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, from September 2005 to October 2007. -
MUJERES, ARTE Y PODER.Pdf
MUJERES, ARTE Y PODER EL PAPEL DE LA MUJER EN LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA LITERATURA Y LAS ARTES MUJERES, ARTE Y PODER EL PAPEL DE LA MUJER EN LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA LITERATURA Y LAS ARTES MUJERES, ARTE Y PODER EL PAPEL DE LA MUJER EN LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA LITERATURA Y LAS ARTES COMITÉ CIENTÍFICO: Ana Aranda Bernal Universidad Pablo Olavide de Sevilla Mercedes Arriaga Flórez Universidad de Sevilla Isabel Clúa Ginés Universidad de Sevilla María Elena Díez Jorge Universidad de Granada Gloria Espinosa Spínola Universidad de Almería Pura Fernández Rodríguez Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales del CSIC (Madrid) Concha Lomba Serrano Universidad de Zaragoza Yolanda Victoria Olmedo Sánchez Universidad de Córdoba Colaboración Científica: Proyecto de Investigación I+D Las artistas en España, 1804-1939 (HAR2017-84399-P) Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad. Universidad de Zaragoza. EDITORAS ACADÉMICAS: Ana Aranda Bernal. Mercedes Comellas Aguirrezábal. Magdalena Illán Martín. AGRADECIMIENTOS: Antonio J. Santos Márquez. Custodio Velasco Mesa. Juan Miguel Illán Calado. EDITA: Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Sevilla. Dirección General de Igualdad y Cooperación. Área de Igualdad, Juventud y Relaciones con la Comunidad Universitaria. Servicio de la Mujer, 2019. EQUIPO TÉCNICO: © Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, 2019. © Autoras y Autores de los textos correspondientes, 2019. DISEÑO Y MAQUETACIÓN: Servicio de la Mujer. Fotografía de portada: Romaine Brooks, Autorretrato, 1923. Smithsonian American Art Museum, Washington D.C. (EE.UU.) IMPRESIÓN: Imprenta Municipal. ISBN: 978-84-09-10431-4 Depósito Legal: SE-948-2019 A las aladas almas de las rosas… A nuestra querida compañera y amiga Lina Malo Lara Mujeres, Arte y Poder. El papel de la mujer en la transformación de la Literatura y las Artes - 8 - Mujeres, Arte y Poder. -
Download FEBRUARY 1946.Pdf
Confidential - Restricted to the use of Law Enforcement officials. (;february HEADQUARTERS OF THE FBI, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE BUILDING, J01. 15 WASHINGTON, D.C. No.2 . The Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice, 18 charged with the duty of investigating violations of the laws of the United States and collecting evidence in cases in which the United States is or may ~ be a party in interest. The following list indicates some of the major violations over which the Bureau has investigative jurisdiction: Espionage, Sabotage, Violations of the Neutrality Act and similar mat- ters related to Internal Sp.curity National Motor Vehiclp Theft Act Interstate transportation of stolen property valued at $5,000 or more National Bankruptcy Act Interstate flight to avoid prosecution or testifying in certain cases White Slave Traffic Act Imper~onation of Government Officials Larceny of Goods in Interstate Commerce Killing or Assaulting Federal Officer Cases involving transportation in interstate or foreign commerce of any persons who hQve been kidnaped Extortion cases where mail is used to transmit threats of violence to persons or property; also cases where interstate commerce is an ele- ment and the means of communication is by telegram, telephone or other carrier Theft, Embezzlement or Illegal Possession of Government Property Antitrust Laws Robbery of National Banks, insured banks of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Member Banks of the Federal Reserve System and Federal Loan and Savings Institutions National -
The Brain of the Most Beautiful Girl in the World by Corey Hoard
The Brain of the Most Beautiful Girl in the World by Corey Hoard “My face has been my misfortune… a mask I cannot remove: I must live with it. I curse it.” – Hedwig Kiesler, qtd. in Shearer 112 Hedwig Kiesler was a woman of dimensionality, of many names and surprising talents. She thrived on fantasy and fame but took solace in independence of mind. From the moment of her arrival in America, she was heralded as “the most beautiful girl in the world.” Even today, Kiesler is, for many, a symbol of the Golden Era of cinema. Over her lifetime, she had seven high-profile husbands, and to the public, lived a lavish life of wealth and success. However, from a young age, Kiesler’s beauty would reveal itself as both an asset and a curse, as she embraced and battled with it by turns throughout her life. Her face would prove both her prison and her liberator. Hedwig Eva Maria Kiesler was born on November 9th, 1914 in Vienna, Austria, the only child of a humble Jewish family. Despite their social status, her parents tried to raise Kiesler in relative privilege, exposing her to culture early in life. Her beauty was apparent from a young age, and Kiesler’s parents were careful to avoid flattering her to promote modesty. Despite their efforts, she became accustomed to using her appearance to get what she wanted by, as Shearer puts it, “becoming a chameleon, willing to change herself to please others” (283). Hedwig—or “Hedy,” as she was affectionately known—was strongly independent from a young age, prompting her parents to impose strict rules that would inevitably be broken. -
C:\Documents and Settings\Stan Schroeder\My Documents\Shir
Shir Notes The Official Newsletter of Congregation Shir Ami Volume 12, Number 5, May 2014 Affiliated with United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism Rabbi’s Column Events of the Month . This will be surprising, but with all the holidays I could write about which occur in May, I am going to concen- Shabbat services trate on Passover. No, not the one we just had, but the at Temple Ramat Zion one scheduled for the middle of May, known as Pesach Saturday, May 3, 10:30 am Sheni. The Torah established a second opportunity to Birthday Shabbat celebrate Passover for those who could not do so at its appointed time. Saturday, May 10, 10:30 am And while most of us observed the holiday at its proper time, the lessons Saturday, May 17, 10:30 am continue well beyond. Shaina-Aaron Ufruf at Heschel See flyer. And so let me share one nugget of wisdom I learned from the Passover Saturday, May 24, 10:30 am Anniversary Shabbat seders which I have truly been thinking about throughout this past month: Saturday, May 31, 10:30 am At one point, you may remember, we are introduced to four varied children, -------------------------------------------- one wise, one contrary, one simple, and one who is not asking questions. Jewish World Watch What does the contrary child say that makes him deserving of such a Walk to End Genocide label? “What does this mean to you?” Sunday, May 4 11:30 am The reason given in the Haggadah is that, by saying “you,” he excludes Join Team Shir Ami at the Walk in himself. -
<14145B3> [Pdf] Beautiful: the Life of Hedy Lamarr Robert
[Pdf] Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Robert Osborne, Stephen Michael Shearer - book free Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr PDF, Download Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr PDF, PDF Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Popular Download, Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Full Collection, full book Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, Download Free Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Book, Download Online Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Book, Download PDF Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, book pdf Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, pdf Robert Osborne, Stephen Michael Shearer Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, the book Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, Download Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr E-Books, Download pdf Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, Download Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Online Free, Read Best Book Online Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr, Read Best Book Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Online, Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr PDF read online, Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Ebooks, Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Books Online, Beautiful: The Life Of Hedy Lamarr Book Download, CLICK FOR DOWNLOAD The book is also just because the climax onto your face is stake or deliberate call. So that was what a story i hoped and was in windows. There are many but staring in order to understand where the element unfolds. His different do n't much care. Perhaps he did n't run that in a room cash or two somewhere. I think this is a book of recipes from author gold car 's or services as it is useful to facilitate the layperson. -
Erich Gimpel and Colepaugh Case KV 2/564
Reference abstracts of KV 2/564 This document contains materials derived from the latter file Its purpose: to be used as a kind of reference document, containing my personal selection of report sections; considered being of relevance. My input: I have in almost every case created transcripts of the just reproduced file content. However, sometimes adding my personal opinion; always accompanied by: AOB (with- or without brackets) Please do not multiply this document Remember: that the section-copies still do obey to Crown Copyright By Arthur O. Bauer Please notice: For simplicity, I have this time not completely transcribed all genuine text contents, therefore I would like to advise you to read these passages also. This concerns a unique Story, where two spies had been brought ashore on the beach of Frenchman’s Bay in the US State Maine, on 29th November 1944. One was Erich Gimpel the second one was Colepaugh a US born ‘subject’. Erich Gimpel passed finally away in 2010, living Sao Paulo, at an age of 100 years! As to ease to understand the context I first would like to quote from Wikipedia. Quoting from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Gimpel Erich Gimpel From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia Erich Gimpel (25 March 1910 in Merseburg – 3 September 2010 in Sao Paulo) was a German spy during World War II. Together with William Colepaugh, he traveled to the United States on an espionage mission (operation Elster) in 1944 and was subsequently captured by the FBI in New York City.[1] German secret agent Gimpel had been a radio operator for mining companies in Peru in the 1930s.