Pineal Gland Morphology in Relation to Age and Season in Three Canidae Species
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Te2, Part Iii
TERMINOLOGIA EMBRYOLOGICA Second Edition International Embryological Terminology FIPAT The Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology A programme of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) TE2, PART III Contents Caput V: Organogenesis Chapter 5: Organogenesis (continued) Systema respiratorium Respiratory system Systema urinarium Urinary system Systemata genitalia Genital systems Coeloma Coelom Glandulae endocrinae Endocrine glands Systema cardiovasculare Cardiovascular system Systema lymphoideum Lymphoid system Bibliographic Reference Citation: FIPAT. Terminologia Embryologica. 2nd ed. FIPAT.library.dal.ca. Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology, February 2017 Published pending approval by the General Assembly at the next Congress of IFAA (2019) Creative Commons License: The publication of Terminologia Embryologica is under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0) license The individual terms in this terminology are within the public domain. Statements about terms being part of this international standard terminology should use the above bibliographic reference to cite this terminology. The unaltered PDF files of this terminology may be freely copied and distributed by users. IFAA member societies are authorized to publish translations of this terminology. Authors of other works that might be considered derivative should write to the Chair of FIPAT for permission to publish a derivative work. Caput V: ORGANOGENESIS Chapter 5: ORGANOGENESIS -
The Interaction of the Thyroid Gland, Pineal Gland and Immune System in Chicken
Vol. 6, Suppl. 2 79 The interaction of the thyroid gland, pineal gland and immune system in chicken Mykola E. Dzerzhynsky1, Olga I. Gorelikova, Andriy S. Pustovalov Department of Cytology, Histology and Development Biology, Kiev, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kiev, Ukraine Received: 7 October 2005; accepted: 15 September 2006 SUMMARY The interaction of immunological system, thyroid and pineal gland was studied in 5-week old males of Gallus domesticus. Several morphometri- cal parameters in pineal and thyroid glands were measured after bird im- munization with human red blood cells and/or treatment with melatonin or seduxen, a melatonin receptor blocker. The peak of the thyroid activity was found on Day 7 after immunization. The immune system appears to directly activate the thyroid gland only in the presence of certain level of melatonin. We suggest that the melatonin mechanism of action includes the enhancement of thyroid gland sensitivity to immune factors. Seduxen prevented the stimulatory influence of the immune system on the thyroid gland. Reproductive Biology 2006, 6, Suppl. 2:79–85. Key words: thyroid gland, immunization, pineal gland, melatonin, seduxen 1Corresponding author: Department of Cytology, Histology and Development Biology, Kiev, Taras Shevchenko National University, 64 Volodomyrska Str, 01033 Kiev, Ukraine; e-mail: [email protected] Copyright © 2006 by the Society for Biology of Reproduction 80 Immune-thyroid-pineal interactions in chicken INTRODUCTION Interrelationships of the endocrine, nervous and immune systems attract a lot of scientific attention [3]. Thyroid hormones (thyroxine: T4; triio- dothyronine), in addition to involvement in controlling energy production and protein and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulate the metamorphosis of lower vertebrates, control tissue growth and development, intensify oxida- tion and heat production as well as influence the functioning of the nervous system. -
Vocabulario De Morfoloxía, Anatomía E Citoloxía Veterinaria
Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) Servizo de Normalización Lingüística Universidade de Santiago de Compostela COLECCIÓN VOCABULARIOS TEMÁTICOS N.º 4 SERVIZO DE NORMALIZACIÓN LINGÜÍSTICA Vocabulario de Morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria (galego-español-inglés) 2008 UNIVERSIDADE DE SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA VOCABULARIO de morfoloxía, anatomía e citoloxía veterinaria : (galego-español- inglés) / coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río, Servizo de Normalización Lingüística ; autores Matilde Lombardero Fernández ... [et al.]. – Santiago de Compostela : Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, 2008. – 369 p. ; 21 cm. – (Vocabularios temáticos ; 4). - D.L. C 2458-2008. – ISBN 978-84-9887-018-3 1.Medicina �������������������������������������������������������������������������veterinaria-Diccionarios�������������������������������������������������. 2.Galego (Lingua)-Glosarios, vocabularios, etc. políglotas. I.Lombardero Fernández, Matilde. II.Rodríguez Rio, Xusto A. coord. III. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística, coord. IV.Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Servizo de Publicacións e Intercambio Científico, ed. V.Serie. 591.4(038)=699=60=20 Coordinador Xusto A. Rodríguez Río (Área de Terminoloxía. Servizo de Normalización Lingüística. Universidade de Santiago de Compostela) Autoras/res Matilde Lombardero Fernández (doutora en Veterinaria e profesora do Departamento de Anatomía e Produción Animal. -
Human General Histology
135 اووم څپرکي انډوکراين سيستم (Endocrine system) (hormones) (target cells) (receptors) autonomic (sinusoids) ductless glands thyroid gland Pineal gland Hypophysis cerebri(pituitary glands) supra renal( adrenal glands) parathyroid glands 136 اووم څپرکي انډوکراين سيسټم islets cell corpora lutea interstitial tissue (placenta) GIT amines neurotransmitters amines neuromodulator 137 اووم څپرکي انډوکراين سيسټم APUD cells neuroendocrine system system adrenaline, (amino acid derivatives) thyroxin noradrenalin thyroid vasopressin encephalin (small peptides) releasing hormone(TRH) TSH(thyroid stimulating parathormone hormone) cortisol Testosterone estrogen (steroids) 5,12,3 (Hypophysis Cerebri) (brain) pituitary gland (stalk) Ventricle infundibulum stalk pituitary fossa sphenoid pineal hypothalamus body 138 اووم څپرکي انډوکراين سيسټم Hypophysis cerebri Pars pars anterior pars nervosa pars posterior intermediate hypothalamus infundibulum infundibulum stalk )Pars posterior neurohypophysis median eminence (tuber cinereum) infundibulum pars neurohypophysis median eminence pars intermediate pars distalis anterior Adenohypophysis infundibulum pars anterior pars tuberalis adenohypophysis 139 اووم څپرکي انډوکراين سيسټم Adenohypophysis pars intermediate pars anterior adenohypophyisis Pars anterior fenestrated sinusoids (cords) chromophil chromophobic acidophil chromophil basophils orange G eosin PAS-positive hematoxylline Beta cells basophil Alpha cells Acidophil basophils acidophil (dese cored vesicles) alpha Beta Histochemical 140 اووم څپرکي انډوکراين -
Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated
molecules Review Pineal Calcification, Melatonin Production, Aging, Associated Health Consequences and Rejuvenation of the Pineal Gland Dun Xian Tan *, Bing Xu, Xinjia Zhou and Russel J. Reiter * Department of Cell Systems & Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; [email protected] (B.X.); [email protected] (X.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (D.X.T.); [email protected] (R.J.R.); Tel.: +210-567-2550 (D.X.T.); +210-567-3859 (R.J.R.) Received: 13 January 2018; Accepted: 26 January 2018; Published: 31 January 2018 Abstract: The pineal gland is a unique organ that synthesizes melatonin as the signaling molecule of natural photoperiodic environment and as a potent neuronal protective antioxidant. An intact and functional pineal gland is necessary for preserving optimal human health. Unfortunately, this gland has the highest calcification rate among all organs and tissues of the human body. Pineal calcification jeopardizes melatonin’s synthetic capacity and is associated with a variety of neuronal diseases. In the current review, we summarized the potential mechanisms of how this process may occur under pathological conditions or during aging. We hypothesized that pineal calcification is an active process and resembles in some respects of bone formation. The mesenchymal stem cells and melatonin participate in this process. Finally, we suggest that preservation of pineal health can be achieved by retarding its premature calcification or even rejuvenating the calcified gland. Keywords: pineal gland; calcification; melatonin; aging; neurodegenerative diseases; rejuvenation 1. Introduction Pineal gland is a unique organ which is localized in the geometric center of the human brain. Its size is individually variable and the average weight of pineal gland in human is around 150 mg [1], the size of a soybean. -
Histology Histology
HISTOLOGY HISTOLOGY ОДЕСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ THE ODESSA NATIONAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Áiáëiîòåêà ñòóäåíòà-ìåäèêà Medical Student’s Library Серія заснована в 1999 р. на честь 100-річчя Одеського державного медичного університету (1900–2000 рр.) The series is initiated in 1999 to mark the Centenary of the Odessa State Medical University (1900–2000) 1 L. V. Arnautova O. A. Ulyantseva HISTÎLÎGY A course of lectures A manual Odessa The Odessa National Medical University 2011 UDC 616-018: 378.16 BBC 28.8я73 Series “Medical Student’s Library” Initiated in 1999 Authors: L. V. Arnautova, O. A. Ulyantseva Reviewers: Professor V. I. Shepitko, MD, the head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Ukrainian Medical Stomatologic Academy Professor O. Yu. Shapovalova, MD, the head of the Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology of the Crimean State Medical University named after S. I. Georgiyevsky It is published according to the decision of the Central Coordinational Methodical Committee of the Odessa National Medical University Proceedings N1 from 22.09.2010 Навчальний посібник містить лекції з гістології, цитології та ембріології у відповідності до програми. Викладено матеріали теоретичного курсу по всіх темах загальної та спеціальної гістології та ембріології. Посібник призначений для підготовки студентів до практичних занять та ліцензійного екзамену “Крок-1”. Arnautova L. V. Histology. A course of lectures : a manual / L. V. Arnautova, O. A. Ulyantseva. — Оdessa : The Оdessa National Medical University, 2010. — 336 p. — (Series “Medical Student’s Library”). ISBN 978-966-443-034-7 The manual contains the lecture course on histology, cytology and embryol- ogy in correspondence with the program. -
Nomina Histologica Veterinaria, First Edition
NOMINA HISTOLOGICA VETERINARIA Submitted by the International Committee on Veterinary Histological Nomenclature (ICVHN) to the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists Published on the website of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists www.wava-amav.org 2017 CONTENTS Introduction i Principles of term construction in N.H.V. iii Cytologia – Cytology 1 Textus epithelialis – Epithelial tissue 10 Textus connectivus – Connective tissue 13 Sanguis et Lympha – Blood and Lymph 17 Textus muscularis – Muscle tissue 19 Textus nervosus – Nerve tissue 20 Splanchnologia – Viscera 23 Systema digestorium – Digestive system 24 Systema respiratorium – Respiratory system 32 Systema urinarium – Urinary system 35 Organa genitalia masculina – Male genital system 38 Organa genitalia feminina – Female genital system 42 Systema endocrinum – Endocrine system 45 Systema cardiovasculare et lymphaticum [Angiologia] – Cardiovascular and lymphatic system 47 Systema nervosum – Nervous system 52 Receptores sensorii et Organa sensuum – Sensory receptors and Sense organs 58 Integumentum – Integument 64 INTRODUCTION The preparations leading to the publication of the present first edition of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria has a long history spanning more than 50 years. Under the auspices of the World Association of Veterinary Anatomists (W.A.V.A.), the International Committee on Veterinary Anatomical Nomenclature (I.C.V.A.N.) appointed in Giessen, 1965, a Subcommittee on Histology and Embryology which started a working relation with the Subcommittee on Histology of the former International Anatomical Nomenclature Committee. In Mexico City, 1971, this Subcommittee presented a document entitled Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft as a basis for the continued work of the newly-appointed Subcommittee on Histological Nomenclature. This resulted in the editing of the Nomina Histologica Veterinaria: A Working Draft II (Toulouse, 1974), followed by preparations for publication of a Nomina Histologica Veterinaria. -
Cell Populations in the Pineal Gland of the Viscacha (Lagostomus Maximus)
Histol Histopathol (2003) 18: 827-836 Histology and http://www.hh.um.es Histopathology Cellular and Molecular Biology Cell populations in the pineal gland of the viscacha (Lagostomus maximus). Seasonal variations R. Cernuda-Cernuda1, R.S. Piezzi2, S. Domínguez2 and M. Alvarez-Uría1 1Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain 2Instituto de Histología y Embriología, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo/CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina and 3Cátedra de Histología, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Argentina Summary. Pineal samples of the viscacha, which were Introduction taken in winter and in summer, were analysed using both light and electron microscopy. The differences found The pineal gland is mainly involved in the between the two seasons were few in number but integration of information about environmental significant. The parenchyma showed two main cell conditions (light, temperature, etc.), and in the populations. Type I cells occupied the largest volume of measurement of photoperiod length (Pévet, 2000). This the pineal and showed the characteristics of typical gland probably signals the enviromental conditions thus pinealocytes. Many processes, some of which were filled making mammals seasonal breeders (Reiter, 1981). The with vesicles, could be seen in intimate contact with the pineal has been thoroughly investigated; however, the neighbouring cells. The presence in the winter samples number of species in which its ultrastructure have been of “synaptic” ribbons and spherules, which were almost studied is a meager 1.5-2% of all mammalians absent in the summer pineals, suggests a seasonal (Bhatnagar, 1992). Previous studies have focused on rhythm. These synaptic-like structures, as well as the domestic and laboratory animals housed in artificially abundant subsurface cisterns present in type I cells, controlled conditions. -
Melatonin Receptor (MTNR1A and MTNR2B) Expression During the Breeding Season in the Yak (Bos Grunniens)
Original Paper Czech J. Anim. Sci., 59, 2014 (3): 140–145 Melatonin receptor (MTNR1A and MTNR2B) expression during the breeding season in the yak (Bos grunniens) S.-D. Huo1, 2, R.-J. Long1 1College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China 2College of Life Science and Engineering, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, P.R. China ABSTRACT: Melatonin plays key roles in a wide range of mammalian body functions, which are mediated by the melatonin-specific cell surface receptor (MTNR1A and MTNR1B). To better understand the role of MTNR in the yak (Bos grunniens), we determined the melatonin receptor mRNA expression level. The analysis showed that the MTNR mRNA expression level was higher in the pineal gland tissue than in the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and ovary (P < 0.01) during the breeding season. Immunofluorescence analyses showed that yak MTNR was located in the pinealocyte, synaptic ribbon, and synaptic spherules of the pineal gland and that melatonin interacts via nerve fibres. In the hypothalamus, MTNR was located in the magnocellular neurons and parvicellular neurons. MTNR was localized in acidophilic cells and basophilic cells in the pituitary gland. In the ovary, MTNR was present in the ovarian follicle, corpus luteum, and Leydig cells. Keywords: domestic yak; immunofluorescence; MLTR; real-time PCR The domestic yak (Bos grunniens) is a rare bovine receptor 1A (MTNR1A) genes are expressed in the species found at high altitudes in the Qinghai- cumulus-oocytes complex, whereas the MTNR1B Tibetan Plateau and adjacent regions. Yaks have gene is expressed only in the oocytes. Melatonin unique biological and economic characteristics that can enhance the maturation of oocytes in vitro make them resistant to cold. -
Índice De Denominacións Españolas
VOCABULARIO Índice de denominacións españolas 255 VOCABULARIO 256 VOCABULARIO agente tensioactivo pulmonar, 2441 A agranulocito, 32 abaxial, 3 agujero aórtico, 1317 abertura pupilar, 6 agujero de la vena cava, 1178 abierto de atrás, 4 agujero dental inferior, 1179 abierto de delante, 5 agujero magno, 1182 ablación, 1717 agujero mandibular, 1179 abomaso, 7 agujero mentoniano, 1180 acetábulo, 10 agujero obturado, 1181 ácido biliar, 11 agujero occipital, 1182 ácido desoxirribonucleico, 12 agujero oval, 1183 ácido desoxirribonucleico agujero sacro, 1184 nucleosómico, 28 agujero vertebral, 1185 ácido nucleico, 13 aire, 1560 ácido ribonucleico, 14 ala, 1 ácido ribonucleico mensajero, 167 ala de la nariz, 2 ácido ribonucleico ribosómico, 168 alantoamnios, 33 acino hepático, 15 alantoides, 34 acorne, 16 albardado, 35 acostarse, 850 albugínea, 2574 acromático, 17 aldosterona, 36 acromatina, 18 almohadilla, 38 acromion, 19 almohadilla carpiana, 39 acrosoma, 20 almohadilla córnea, 40 ACTH, 1335 almohadilla dental, 41 actina, 21 almohadilla dentaria, 41 actina F, 22 almohadilla digital, 42 actina G, 23 almohadilla metacarpiana, 43 actitud, 24 almohadilla metatarsiana, 44 acueducto cerebral, 25 almohadilla tarsiana, 45 acueducto de Silvio, 25 alocórtex, 46 acueducto mesencefálico, 25 alto de cola, 2260 adamantoblasto, 59 altura a la punta de la espalda, 56 adenohipófisis, 26 altura anterior de la espalda, 56 ADH, 1336 altura del esternón, 47 adipocito, 27 altura del pecho, 48 ADN, 12 altura del tórax, 48 ADN nucleosómico, 28 alunarado, 49 ADNn, 28 -
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Seasonal changes in the pineal gland related to the reproductive cycle in the male hare, Lepus europaeus G. A. Lincoln M.R.C. Unit of Reproductive Biology, 2 Forrest Road, Edinburgh EHI 2QW, U.K. Summary. During the autumn months, the gonads and reproductive tract of adult male hares (Lepus europaeus) are regressed and circulating gonadotrophin levels are low. At this time the pineal glands are most active as judged by the organ size, and the nuclear and cytoplasmic size of the pinealocytes. There was an inverse rela- tionship between the size of the pineal gland and the weight of the testis, the plasma and testicular testosterone levels, and possibly also the plasma LH levels. Many clinical and experimental observations suggest a functional link between the pineal gland and the gonads of mammals (see Wurtman, Axelrod & Kelly, 1968). Antigonadotrophic factors have been found in the pineal glands of several species and the organ probably modifies the activity of the gonads by influencing the secretion of gonadotrophins from the pituitary by its action on the hypo¬ thalamus (Fraschini, Collu & Martini, 1971 ; Vaughan, Reiter, Vaughan, Bigelow & Altschule, 1972). The suppressive effect of the pineal gland on reproduction is of particular interest in seasonally breeding animals in which there are conspicuous changes in the reproductive tract during the year and the pineal appears to play some role in mediating the environmental effect of light on reproduc¬ tion (Herbert, 1972; Reiter, 1973). Histological studies of wild animals indicate that the pineal gland may be most active when the gonads are regressed (Mogler, 1958; Quay, 1956; Millar, 1972; Pevet & Saboureau, 1973). -
Other Useful Books
Other Useful Books Dictionaries: Leeson TS, Leeson CR: Histology, 4th ed. Philadel phia: Saunders, 1981. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. Lentz, TL: Cell Fine Structure. Philadelphia: Saun Philadelphia: Saunders, 1981. ders, 1971. Melloni's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Balti Rhodin JAG: Histology, A Text and Atlas. New more: Williams and Wilkins, 1979. York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Stedman's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 24th ed. Williams PL, Warwick R: Gray's Anatomy, 36th Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982. English edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1980. Weiss L, Greep ROO: Histology, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977. Textbooks: Histology and Cytology Wheater PR, Burkitt HG, Daniels VG: Functional Arey LB: Human Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Histology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1979. Saunders, 1974. Bloom W, Fawcett DW: A Textbook of Histology, Textbooks: Pathology 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974. Anderson WAD, Kissane JM: Pathology, 7th ed. Borysenko M, Borysenko J, Beringer T, Gustafson St. Louis: Mosby, 1977. A: Functional Histology. A Core Text. Boston: Lit tle, Brown, 1979. Anderson WAD, Scotti TM: Synopsis of Pathology, 10th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980. Copenhaver WM, Kelly DE, Wood RL: Bailey's Golden A: Pathology. Understanding Human Dis Textbook of Histology, 17th ed. Baltimore: Wil ease. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982. liams and Wilkins, 1978. King D, Geller LM, Krieger P, Silva F, Lefkowitch Cowdry EV: A Textbook of Histology, 4th ed. Phila JH: A Survey of Pathology. New York: Oxford delphia: Lea and Febiger, 1950. University Press, 1976. Dyson RD: Cell Biology. A Molecular Approach, Robbins SL, Cotran RS: Pathologic Basis of Dis 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1978.