Other Useful Books

Dictionaries: Leeson TS, Leeson CR: Histology, 4th ed. Philadel• phia: Saunders, 1981. Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 26th ed. Lentz, TL: Cell Fine Structure. Philadelphia: Saun• Philadelphia: Saunders, 1981. ders, 1971. Melloni's Illustrated Medical Dictionary. Balti• Rhodin JAG: Histology, A Text and Atlas. New more: Williams and Wilkins, 1979. York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Stedman's Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 24th ed. Williams PL, Warwick R: Gray's Anatomy, 36th Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982. English edition. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1980. Weiss L, Greep ROO: Histology, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1977. Textbooks: Histology and Cytology Wheater PR, Burkitt HG, Daniels VG: Functional Arey LB: Human Histology, 4th ed. Philadelphia: Histology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1979. Saunders, 1974. Bloom W, Fawcett DW: A Textbook of Histology, Textbooks: Pathology 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1974. Anderson WAD, Kissane JM: Pathology, 7th ed. Borysenko M, Borysenko J, Beringer T, Gustafson St. Louis: Mosby, 1977. A: Functional Histology. A Core Text. Boston: Lit• tle, Brown, 1979. Anderson WAD, Scotti TM: Synopsis of Pathology, 10th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980. Copenhaver WM, Kelly DE, Wood RL: Bailey's Golden A: Pathology. Understanding Human Dis• Textbook of Histology, 17th ed. Baltimore: Wil• ease. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1982. liams and Wilkins, 1978. King D, Geller LM, Krieger P, Silva F, Lefkowitch Cowdry EV: A Textbook of Histology, 4th ed. Phila• JH: A Survey of Pathology. New York: Oxford delphia: Lea and Febiger, 1950. University Press, 1976. Dyson RD: Cell Biology. A Molecular Approach, Robbins SL, Cotran RS: Pathologic Basis of Dis• 2nd ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1978. ease, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979. Elias H, Pauly JE, Burns ER: Histology and Hu• Rosai J, Ackerman L: Ackerman's Surgical Pathol• man Microanatomy, 4th ed. New York: John Wiley ogy, 6th ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1980. and Sons, 1978. Smith C: Core Pathology. Fundamental Concepts Fawcett DW: The Cell, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saun• and Principles. Oradell, New Jersey: Medical Eco• ders, 1981. nomics, 1981. Willis RA: Pathology of Tumours, 4th ed. New Gardner DL, Dodds TC: Human Histology, 3rd ed. York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1967. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1975. Ham AW, Cormack DH: Histology, 8th ed. Phila- delphia: Lippincott, 1979. Textbooks: Embryology

Junqueira LC, Carneiro J: Basic Histology, 3rd ed. Arey LB: Developmental Anatomy, 7th ed. Phila• Los Altos: Lange Medical Publications, 1980. delphia: Saunders, 1974. 461 462 Other Useful Books

Balinsky, BI: An Introduction to Embryology, 5th Rhodin JAG: An Atlas of Histology. New York: ed. Philadelphia: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Oxford University Press, 1975. 1981. Sandritter W: Color Atlas of Histopathology, 6th Corliss EC: Patten's Human Embryology. Ele• ed. Chicago: Yearbook Medical Publishers, 1979. ments of Clinical Development. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. Methods for Microscopy Langman J: Medical Embryology, 4th ed. Balti• more: Williams and Wilkins, 1981. Chayen J, Bitensky L, Butcher RG: Practical Histo• chemistry. London: John Wiley and Sons, 1973. Atlases Feteanu A: Labeled Antibodies in Biology and Med• icine. Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England: Abacus Curran RC: Color Atlas of Histopathology, 2nd ed. Press and New York: McGraw-Hill, 1978. New York: Oxford University Press, 1972. Hayat MA: Principles and Techniques of Electron Di Fiore MSH: Atlas of Human Histology, 5th ed. Microscopy. Biological Applications. Vols. 1, 2, 3. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1981. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970. Fujita T, Tanaka K, Tokunaga J: SEM Atlas of Hamashima Y: Immunohistopathology. Tokyo: Cells and Tissues, 2nd ed. Tokyo and New York: Igaku-Shoin and Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1976. Igaku-Shoin, 1981. Luna L: Manual of Histologic Staining Methods Gasser RF: Atlas of Human Embryos. Hagerstown, of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd Maryland: Harper and Row, 1975. ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968. Hammarsen F: Histology. Baltimore, Munich: Ur• Galigher AE, Kozloff EN: Essentials of Practical ban and Schwarzenburg, 1980. Microtechnique, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea and Fe• biger, 1971. Kessel RG, Kardon RH: Tissues and Organs. A Text-Atlas of Scanning Electron Microscopy. San Pearse AGE: Histochemistry. Theoretical and Ap• Francisco: WH Freeman, 1979. plied, Vol. 1, 4th ed, 1980. Vol., 2, 3rd ed, 1972. New York: Churchill Livingstone. Leeson TS, Leeson RC: A Brief Atlas of Histology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1979. Preece A: A Manual for Histologic Technicians, 2nd ed. Boston: Little, Brown, 1965. O'Rahilly R: A Color Atlas of Human Embryology. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1975. Troyer H: Principles and Techniques ofHistochem• istry. Boston: Little, Brown, 1980. Reith EJ, Ross MH: Atlas of Descriptive Histology, 3rd ed. Hagerstown, Maryland: Harper and Row, Trump BR, Jones RT: Diagnostic Electron Micros• 1977. copy. Vol. 1. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1978. Index

Acetylcholine, neurotransmitter, 126, 127 Adrenal glands (Cont.) Acidophilia, Leydig cells, 398 disorders, 344 Acid phosphatase, serum, 416 medulla, 346-348 Acinus stroma, 338-339 pancreas, 254 pancreatic ducts, 256 control, 346-348 Acne vulgaris, 210 disorders, 348 Acrosin, 379 hormones, 346 Acrosome, 405 structure, 346 , 379 Adrenogenital syndrome, 346 ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone), 317, 318- Adventitia, 218, see also Tunica adventitia 320, 342, 344 Agenesis, 449 Actin, 28, 29, 50, 101 Aging, 447-448 skeletal muscle, 104 Albinism, 427 Addison's disease, 344 Aldosterone, 252, 306, 339 Adenocarcinoma, 278 Alpha cells, islets of Langerhans, 354 , 182, 226 Alveolar ducts, , sacs, see under the Adenoma, 338 nouns Adenylate cyclase, 18 Alveolus(i), 273, 282-284, 287, 289 Adenyl cyclase, 314, 342, 398 tooth, 219 ADH (antidiuretic hormone), 252, 308, 321 Ameloblast, 219 Adhesions Amino acid oxidase, 42 abdominal, 218 Amino acids, 5 of iris, 433 Ampulla(ae) pleural, 284 ear, 435, 442 serosal, 218 oviduct, 366-368 Adipocytes, 69, 73 vas deferens, 411 in connective tissue, 69, 77 of Vater, 256, 258 Amylase adult, 339 pancreatic, 254 disorders, 344 salivary (ptyalin), 252 fetal, 339 Anaphase, 50 structure and function, 339-344 Anaphylaxis, 148 , 339, 342 Anastomosis, arteriovenous, 154, 155 , 339 Anatomic pathology, application of, 3 , 342 Androgens, 342, 398, 400 Adrenal glands Anemia, 172 blood supply, 339 hemolytic, 305 components, 336-338 pernicious, 232 cortex, 339-346 Aneurysm, 148 development, 336 cerebral artery, 146 464 Index

Angiotensin, 306, 339 Auditory system (Cont.) Angiotensinogen, 306 inner ear Annular pancreas, 253 bony labyrinth, 437 Annuli fibrosi, 138, 139, 141 membranous labyrinth of cochlea, 437-440 Anterior chamber, eye, 422 middle ear, 436-437 Anthracosis, 186, 286 Auditory tube, 226, 436 Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), 308 Auricle, 435, 436 Antrum, 362 Autolysis, 8 Anus, 216, 244 Aorta, 144-146 Aplasia, 449 B Appendix, 182, 242 Appositional growth, 85 Barr body, 22, 24 Aqueous humor, 426, 432 Basal body, 44, 45 Arachnoid, 132 Basal lamina Area cribrosa, 308 of alveolar septum, 285 Areola, breast, 206 urinary filter, 296 Arrector pili muscles, 210 Basement membrane Arteriole, 148, 149, 154 arteriole, 148 glomerular afferent, 296, 306, 308 definition, 55, 56 glomerular efferent, 296, 308 of eye, 424, 425 Arteriosclerosis, 146-148,447 hair, 210 Artery(ies), 144-148 intestine, 235 arcuate, 308 merocrine sweat glands, 206 arterioles, 148, 149, 154 epithelium, 326 basal, , 370 vein, 152 elastic, 144-146 Basophil, 164, 165, 168 helicine, penis, 420 in connective tissue, 69 hepatic, 258 of pituitary, 317, 319 interlobar (rena!), 308 Basophilia, 158 meningeal, 132 cytoplasmic, 29 metarterioles, 148, 154 Beta cells, islets of Langerhans, 354 muscular, 146 Biliary system, extrahepatic, 268-270 penicillar, , 188 ducts, 268-270 renal,308 gallbladder, 270 spiral, uterus, 370 Bilirubin, 158, 192 testicular, 396 Bipolar cells, retinal, 427-429 trabecular, spleen, 188 Birds, for the, 1-463 , spleen, 188 Bivalent, 404, 407 Ascorbic acid, 76 Bladder Asthma, 278 gall,270 Astrocytes urinary, 63, 311, 312 fibrous, 118 Blastocyst, 380 protoplasmic, 118 Blood, 157-172 Atelectasis, lung, 280, 284 plasma, 157 ATP (adenosine triphosphate), 34 smear, 157, 159, 164 ATPase (adenosinetriphosphatase), 18,34 types, 158 skeletal muscle, 108 Blood- barrier, 130 Atrophy, 103,449 Blood cells, 157-165, see also cell types Atrioventricular block, 144 counts, 157, 170 Auditory meatus, 432, 434-436 formation, 166-169 Auditory system, 436-440 Blood pressure regulation, 306 and excessive noise, 443 Blood-testis barrier, 401, 402 external ear, 436 Blood- barrier, 179 Index 465

B lymphocyte, 69,174-176,178-180 Breast, 206-207, 209 antibodies, 176 lactating, 390, 391 bursa-equivalent, 180 pregnancy, 390-392 in GALT, 182 tumors, 453 in lymph nodes, 186 Bronchioles, 273, 274, 280, 287, 289 in spleen, 190 Bronchus, 274, 276, 278, 279, 289 in , 182 Brush border, 44 Body(ies) proximal renal tubule, 302 Barr, 22 Bulbocavernosus muscle, 420 Herring, 320 Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper), 414, 416 Nissl, 116 Bundle psammoma, 350 atrioventricular, 144 residual, 42 His, 144 , 405 nerve (fascicle), 124 Bone, 84-99 Bundle branch block canaliculi, 86, 89 left, 144 canals right, 144 Haversian, 86, 91 Bursa equivalent, 180, 182 Volkmann's, 86, 91 Bursa of Fabricius, 180 cells osteoblasts, 86, 89 osteoclasts, 88-89 c osteocytes, 86, 89 compact, 86 Calcification, 94 composition, 84-86 of annulus fibrosus, 140 diaphysis, 92 dental,219 epiphysis, 92 of laryngeal cartilages, 276 fracture, 98-99 Calcitonin, 84, 92, 329 gross organization, 86 and hormonal disorders, 337 maintenance, serum level of, 334 growth, 92, 93 in muscle, 106 lamellae, 86 regulation by parathyroid, 334 marrow, 88 Calyces, renal, 292, 310 role in blood cell formation, 166-167 Canal(s) matrix, 88 auditory, 430 medullary cavity, 86 of Hering, 260, 266 ossification hyaloid, 432 endochondral, 88, 93 root, teeth, 219 intramembranous, 88, 93 of Schlemm, 423, 432, 433 periosteum, 88 semicircular, 435, 442 remodeling, 94-95 Canaliculus(i) resorption, 92 bile, 258, 260 spongy, 86 bone, 86 structure, 91 lacrimal, 432 trabeculae, 86, 91 secretory, gastric, 232 turbinate, 276 Capacitation, 379 Bony labyrinth ear, 437 (ies), 150-152 Bowman's capsule, 296, 300 alveolar, 285 Bowman's glands, 274 continuous endothelium, 150 Bowman's membrane, 424 fenestrated endothelium, 150, 297, 299 Brain, 114, 130 glomerular, 296-297, 299, 301 gray matter, 114, 130 in myocardium, 141 meninges, relationship to, 132 sinusoid, 150 , 114, 130 Carboxypeptidase, 254 466 Index

Carcinoma Cell(s) (Cant.) bladder, 63 junctions, 46 cervical, 376, 451 meiosis, 50, 52, 407 colon, 453 mitosis, 32, 50-53 cytolysis, 177 membrane, see Plasmalemma epidermal squamous, 198 nucleus, 20 epithelial dysplasia, 451 peg, of oviduct, 366 lip, 223 structural organization, 18 lung, 63 Cell surface, specialization of, 44-48 metastatic to Cellular growth, variations in, 449-453 , 171 Cementoblasts, 219 lung, 453 Cementocytes, 219 , 187 Cementum, 219 prostate, 416--417, 447 Central nervous system, see Nervous system, cen• stratified squamous, 63, 179 tral teratocarcinoma, 456--457 Centrioles, 15, 17, 32, 50 uterine, 388-389, 451 basal bodies, 32, 44-45 Cardia, gastric, 227, 230 Centroacinar cells, 255, 256 Cardiac conduction system, 142-144, 145 Centromere, 50, 404, 406 atrioventricular bundle, 144, 145 Cerebrospinal fluid, 130-133 atrioventricular node (AVN), 144, 145 Cerumen, 206 bundle branches, 144, 145 , uterine. 61, 373, 377 bundle of His, 144, 145 Chambers, anterior and posterior, eye, 432 contraction, 144 Chief cells, stomach, 232 depolarization, 142, 144 parathyroid, 332 Purkinje fibers, 144, 145 Cholecystokinin, 235, 270 sinoatrial node (SAN), 142-144, 145 Cholesterol, 262 Cardiac dysrhythmias, 142, 144 Cholinesterase, 127 Cardiovascular system, 135-155 Chondroblast, 83 components, 138-155 Chondrocyte, 85 functional correlations, 154, 155 Chordae tendinae, 138 organization, 135-138 Choriocapillary layer of eye, 426 receptors, sensory, 154, 155 Choriocarcinoma, 388, 389 Cartilage, 83-84 Chorion, 384 degeneration, 84 Chorion frondosum, 386 growth,84 Chorion laeve, 386 matrix, 83 Choroid, eye, 426 nutrition, 84 Choroid plexus, 120, 130-132 types Chromaffin cells, 346 elastic, 84 Chromatid, 404, 406 fibrous, 84 Chromatin, 22, 60,68, 160, 162, 176 hyalin, 83 Chromatolysis, 134 Catalase, 42 Chromophobe, 317 Catecholamine, 346 Chromosomes, 15, 22, 24 Cathepsins, 40 meiosis, sperm and egg, 52 Cell(s), 1, 4, 13-53. See also specific kinds and sub- at metaphase, 20, 22 structures Chylomicron, 235 alveolar type I, 282, 283, 285 Chyme, 227 alveolar, type II, 282, 283, 285 Chymotrypsinogen, 254 blood, 157 Cilia, 15, 32, 44-46 cycle, 50-51, 454-456 oviductal, 46, 379 electric coupling, 46 Ciliary body, 423, 426, 429 end, 50 Ciliary motion, 44 histogenesis, 455 Ciliary muscle, eye, 426, 429 intestinal columnar, 235 Ciliary process, 426, 429 Index 467

Cinematography, time-lapse, 52 Connective tissue (Cant.) Circulatory system, 137 meninges, 132-133 Cirrhosis, liver, 68, 226, 268, 458 scar, 68 Cistern Contact inhibition, 20 cardiac muscle, 110 Contraction, 102 endoplasmic reticulum, 36 depolarization, 108 nuclear, 20, 29 molecular reorientation mechanism, 106 plasma cells, 176 repolarization, 108 terminal, skeletal muscle, 106 skeletal muscle, 106 unit membrane, 36 sliding filament theory, 106 Citric acid, 416 , 102 , 378 Cords, vocal, 274, 276 Coagulation, 164 Cornea, eye, 422-426 Cochlea, 437 Corneal epithelium, 424 Colchicine, 29 Corona radiata, 362 Collagen, 56, 74 Coronary artery occlusion, 146 basal lamina of basement membrane, 56 Corpora amylacea, 414 Corpora arenacea. See Psammoma bodies bony matrix, 88 Corpora cavernosa, 418 in cardiac valve cusps, 138 , 363 in connective tissue, 67, 69, 72, 77 Corpus atreticum, 364 in elastic arteries, 146 Corpus spongiosum, 418, 419 epimysium, muscle, 108 Corpuscle in skeletal muscle, 108 muscle, 110 in veins, 152 Pacinian, 127 Type I, II, III, IV, 74 renal, 294 Collagenase, 40, 69 tactile (of Meissner), 127 Colloid, ground substance, 26 thymic (Hassall's), 179 Colon, 216, 242-244 Corpus albicans, 365 Colostrum, 390 , 363, 365, 367 Column Corpus spongiosum, 418 anal (of Morgagni), 244 Cortex renal (of Bertin), 292 adrenal, 339-346 Complex(es) fetal, 336, 339, 343 Golgi,38 bone, 84 juxtaglomerular, 306 cerebral, 132 Conceptus, 382-386 renal, 292 Cones, retinal, 427 Corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), 324, 344 Coni vasculosi, 410 Cortisol, 342 Conjunctiva, 432, 433 Cotyledon, placental, 384 Connective tissue, 67-81 Cowper, glands of, 416 adipose, 77 Cranium, 132 brain, 132 Cremasteric reflex, 396 cell types, 68-72 Cremaster muscle, 396 dense, 77 Cretinism, 330 irregular, 77 Cristae mitochondriales, 34 regular, 77 Crown, tooth, 219 dermis, 197, 200-201, 205 Crypt fibers, 72-76 intestinal (of Lieberkuhn), 234-238 collagenous, 72-74 tonsillar muscosa, 182, 224, 226, 276 elastic, 76 Cryptorchid testis, 408 reticular, 74-76 , 361, 362 ground substance, 67, 76 Cusps, cardiac valve, 138 hypodermis, 197,201,205 Cutaneous appendages, 204 loose, 76 Cuticle, hair, 210 468 Index

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), 314, 342, Diverticulum, ileal (of Meckel), 240 398 DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), 22, 34, 50 Cytokinesis, 50 replication, 53 Cytology, exfoliative, 196 DNase, 40 Cytoplasm, 26-43 Dopa reaction, 198, 202 ground substance, 26--28 Duct(s) cell center, 28 alveolar, 273, 274, 280, 281, 283 ectoplasm, 28 cochlear, 435, 437, 439-441 endoplasm, 28 common bile, 258, 268 Cytoplasmic basophilia, 29 cystic, 270 Cytotrophoblast, 380 ejaculatory, 411 endolymphatic, 444 gallbladder (cystic), 268 D pancreatic, 256 of Santorini, 256 Dartos, 418 of Wirsung, 256 Decidua basalis, 382 renal papillary (of Bellini), 292, 308 Decidua capsularis, 382 right lymphatic, 192 Decidual cells, 388 salivary, 248-253 Decidua parietalis, 382 function, 252 Dehydroepiandrosterone, 342 testicular, 410-414 Demilune of Gianuzzi, 253 ventral rudiment, pancreas, 253 Dendritic cells, spleen, 190 Wharton's, 253 Dense connective tissue, 77 Ductuli efferentes, 410-411 Dentinal tubules, 219 Ductus deferens, 411, 413 Deoxyribonuclease, 254 Ductus epididymis, 411 Deoxyribonucleic acid, see DNA Duodenum, 240 Dephosphorylation of ATP, in contraction ofskele- Dura mater, 132 tal muscle, 106 Dust cells, lung, 284 Depolarization Dyad,404 neural membrane, 127 Dysplasia, 450 of photoreceptors, 421, 428 mammary, 208 sarcolemmal, 127 Dermatitis, contact, 201 Dermatoglyphics, 195-196 E Dermis, 197, 200 Descemet's membrane, 424 Ear, 434-444 Desmosome, 29, 46 auditory system, see Auditory system of cardiac muscle, 110 vestibular system, 440-444 of stratum spinosum, epidermis, 196 Ear drum. See Tympanic membrane Diabetes insipidus, 308 Ectopic pregnancy, 388 Diabetes mellitus, 192, 356 Edema, 76 Diapedesis, 150 Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 72-74 Diaphragm, fenestrated capillary, 150 Ejaculatory duct, 411 Diaphysis, 88 Elastin, 76 Digestive system, tubular, 215, 245 artery, 146 organization, 215-216 vein, 152 structure, 216--218 Electron transport system, 35, 44 Dilator pupillary, 426 Ellipsoid, splenic, 188 Disc, intercalated, cardiac, 110 Embolism, pulmonary, 152 Disc, optic, 430 Enamel, tooth, 219 Distal tubule, renal, 304 Endocarditis, bacterial, 138 Diurnal rhythms, 350-352 Endocardium, 138 Diverticula, 244 Endocrine glands, 314 Diverticulosis, 243 Endocytosis, 18, 64, see also Phagocytosis Index 469

Endolymph, 434, 437, 442-444 Epithelium (Cant.) Endometriosis, ectopic, 373, 377 types, 57 , 368-370, 375 mesothelium, 56 after birth, 382 nonkeratinized stratified squamous, 60 changes in menstruation, 368, 370 pseudostratified columnar, 62 implantation, 383 pseudostratified transitional, 62 Endoneurium, 124 simple columnar, 58 Endoplasmic reticulum, 15, 20, 29, 36-37 simple cuboidal, 58 plasma cells, 69, 176 simple squamous, 56-58 neurons (Nissl bodies), 116 stratified columnar, 62 rough (RER), 36, 40, 50, 64 stratified cuboidal, 62 smooth (SER), 36, 40 stratified squamous, 60 Endothelium , 62 of alveolar septum, 285 vascular, urinary filter, 296 cardiovascular, 135, 151 Erythrocytes, 158, 159 vascular, urinary filter, 296 destruction by spleen, 192 Enteroendocrine (APUD) cells, 62, 232, 235 Erythropoiesis, 166, 168, 169 of trachea and bronchi, 276 Esophagus, 216, 226-227, 229 Enteroglucagon,232 Escalator, mucociliary, 284 Enzyme, hydrolytic, 40 Estradiol, 315 Eosinophil, 162, 163, 168 Estrogen, 363, 386 Ependymocyte, 120 Euchromatin, 22 Epicardium, 138, 142 Eustachian tube (auditory), 436 Epidermis, 196 Exfoliative cytology, 196-197 Epididymis, 8, 410 Exocytosis, 19, 20, 42, 64 Epinephrine, 346 Eye, 421-433 Epineurium, 124 adnexa, 432-433 Epiphysis, bone, 92 development, 421-422, 423 pineal, 348 structure, 422-432 Epithelium, 55-66 cornea, 422, 424 basement membrane, 56 iris, 426 basal lamina, 56 layers, 427 reticular lamina, 56 lens, 430 of Bowman's capsule, 296-297 rods and cones, 427 bronchial, 277, 280, 287 sclera, 422 ciliated, 62, 287 tunica fibrosa, 422 nasal, 276 tunica interna (retina), 427 classification, 55-56 tunica vasculosa, 426 conducting, 277, 280 Eyelids, 432 definition, 55 eye, conjunctival fornix, 62 follicular, 362 F gastrointestinal, 58 germinal, 360 Fallopian tubes, see Oviducts glandular, 64-66. See also specific gland Feedback inhibition, 314 glomerular, 296 pituitary, 324 keratinized stratified squamous, 29 Fenestration, hepatic sinusoid, 264 nasal, 276 Ferritin, 192 of kidney, 58 Fertilization, 379-380 non-ciliated, bronchial, 287 Fetoplacental unit, 388 olfactory, 275 Fiber(s) oviductal, 367 connective tissue, 68, 72, 74, 76, 79, 81, 91 pigment, 429 elastic, spleen, 186 respiratory, 282 intrafusal, muscle spindle, 127 spermatogenic, 400 muscle, 101 470 Index

Fiber(s) (Cont.) G nerve, bundle, 124 Purkinje, 144, 145 I3-Galactosidase, 40 reticular, 102 Gallbladder, 270 as lymphoid stroma, 174 Gametes, 52 sensory nerve, 130 GALT, see Gut-associated lymphoid tissue Sharpey's, 88 Ganglion zonular, 423, 426, 428, 429 autonomic, 124-126 Fibrin, 157, 165 cells, 124-126 Fibrinogen, 157 of retina, 427, 429, 430 Fibroblasts, 68, 71, 79, 81, 108 of sinoatrial node, 144 Fibroma, 68, 70 cranial, 114, 124-126 Fibrosis, 77 parasympathetic, 124-126 Filter, urinary, 296-300 spinal, 114, 124-126 Filtration angle, 429, 432, 433 sympathetic, 124-126 Fimbria, oviduct, 366 Gastric areas, 227 Fluid Gastric glands, 230 aqueous humor, eye, 426, 432 chief (zymogenic) cells, 232 bile, 270 enteroendocrine (argentaffin, APUD) cells, 230, cerebrospinal (CSF), 130, 132 232 endolymph,434 mucous neck cells, 230 gastric, 227 parietal (oxyntic) cells, 230-232 menstrual, 372 Gastric pits (foveolae), 227, 232 ovarian follicular, 363 Gastrin, 232, 356 oviductal, 366 Gastritis, 232 perilymph, 434 Genitalia, female, 357, 381 preejaculatory, 420 development, 358 prostatic, 420 external, 378 saliva, 248 , 178, 186 semen, 420 Gigantism, 317 sexual lubrication, female, 378 Gingiva, 219 tear, 432 Glands, 64-66. See also individual glands Fold(s) acinar, 64, 65 and columns (of Morgagni), 244 adrenal, 336-348 junctional, 126 cardiac, pharyngeal, 226 plicae circulares, 234, 238 definition, 64 vocal, 275, 276 development, 64 Follicle, Graafian, 363 duodenal (of Brunner), 240 Follicle, ovarian, 360-362 endocrine, 64-66 atresia, 364 corpus luteum, 363, 365, 367 corpus luteum, 363 follicles, 66 development, 362-363 , 324-325 , 363 secretory clumps, 66 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 318, 401, 408, exocrine, 64-66 409 acinar, 64 Foramen, apical, 219, 221 apocrine, 66 Foreign body reaction, 71 compound, 64-66 Fornix holocrine, 66 superior conjunctival, 432 merocrine, 66 vaginal, 373 simple, 64 Fossa navicularis, 420 tubular, 64, 65 Fovea, 430, 431 tubuloacinar, 64 Fracture, bone, 94 gastric, 230-234 healing, 98 goblet cells, 58 Fundus, gastric, 227, 230 male reproductive, 414-417 Index 471

Glands (Cont.) Goblet cells, 235 mammary, 206-207, 209, 390-392 Goiter, 329 of Moll, 206 Golgi apparatus, 15, 17, 36, 38-39 parathyroid, 332-336 absorptive cells, intestinal, 235 pineal, 348-350 enteroendocrine cells, 232 pituitary, 316 functions, 38-40 salivary, 248-252 glands, 64 sebaceous, 207, 211 neuron, 116 serous, 225 plasma cells, 176 sweat, 197, 204-205, 209 Sertoli cells, 401 apocrine, 206 Gonadotroph, 318 merocrine, 206 Gonadotrophin, 318, 358, 386, 388, 408, 409 thyroid, 326-331 Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GRH), 392 vestibular (of Bartholin), 378 Gonorrhea, 368 Glands, digestive system Graafian follicle, 363 definition, 247 Granulosa cells, 362 extrahepatic biliary system, 268-270 Granulosa lutein cells, 363 liver, 258-268 Graves' disease, 330 pancreas, 253-256 Ground substance, 76 parotid, 251, 252 Growth, 449-452 sublingual, 249, 251, 253 appositional, cartilage, 84 submandibular, 249, 251, 252 interstitial, cartilage, 84 salivary, 247-253 long bone diameter, 88 Glans, penis, 418 Glans clitoridis, 378 variations in cellular, 449-452 Glaucoma, 432, 433 Gut, 215-245 Glial cells (neuroglia), 118-121 Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT), 182 astrocytes, 116, 118-121 appendix, 182 ependymocytes, 120, 121 lamina propria, 182 microglia, 120, 121 tonsils, 182 oligodendrocytes, 116, 120, 121 Glomerular epithelium, 296 Glomerulonephritis, 300 H membranous, 298, 300 Glomerulus, 296-301 Hair, 207-210 Glomus, plantar surface, 212 Hassall's corpuscles, 179 Glucagon, 69, 354, 356 Haversian system, 86 Glucocorticoids, 342 Heart, 138-144 Glucose, 356 Helix, double, DNA, 22 a-Glucosidase, 40 Hemangioma, 150 Glycocalyx, 20, 46 Hematocrit, 157,446,447 erythrocyte, 158 Hematopoietic disease, 170-172 hepatocyte, 264 Hemoglobin, 158 Glycogen, 104 Hemorrhage cardiac conduction fiber, 144 retroplacental, 388 hepatic, 260-262 subarachnoid, 132 motor end-plate, 127 subdural, 132 muscle, 104 Hemorrhoids, 244 vaginal, 378 Hemosiderin, 28, 69, 264 Glycogenolysis, 346 Henle's loop, 294, 304 Glycoprotein, of skeletal muscle, 104 Heparin, 69, 164 Glycosaminoglycan, 46 Hepatocyte, 40, 50, 258, 260-264 in basal lamina, 56 cholesterol synthesis, 262 in cartilage, 83 electron microscopy of, 262 in connective tissue, 76 glycogen, 262 472 Index

Hepatocyte (Cont.) Immunity Golgi apparatus, 262 cellular, 176, 179 lipoproteins, 262 humoral, 176 lysosomes and peroxisomes, 262 Immunofluorescence, 2 mitochondria, 262 Immunohistology, 8 plasmalemma, 264 Inclusions, cell, 28 response to drugs, 262 Incus, 435 rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), 262 Infarction, 143, 146, 456, 459 smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), 262 Inflammatory response, in connective tissue, 68 structure, 260-264 Infundibulum, oviduct, 366 Hering, canals of, 260 Infundibulum, pituitary, 315, 317 , 320, 392 Inguinal canal, 396 Heterochromatin, 22 Inhibin, 408 Hilus, renal, 292 Insulin, 354-356 His, bundle of, 144 Intercalation, pancreatic ducts, 256 Histamine, 69, 164 Interdigitation Histiocytes, 68 actin-myosin filaments, 106 Histochemistry, 2 proximal tubule cells, 302 Histology Interferon, 69 basis of, 4 Interstitial cells of Leydig, 398, 399 color in, 8 pineal,350 Histopathologic diagnosis Interstitial-cell-stimulating-hormone, see ICSH autopsy in, 2-3 Interstitial growth, 85 biopsy in, 3 Intestine Homeostatic mechanism, 154 large, 242-244 Hormones, see also individual hormones small, 216, 234-242 and mammary gland, 392-393 Intrinsic factor, 232 mechanisms of, 314-316, 324-325 Invasion, 452, 453 and spermiogenesis, 408-409 Invasiveness, 452, 453 Horseradish peroxidase, 8 Iodine, 328--329 Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), 318, 382 Iris, 426-427 Hyaline cartilage, 74 Ischemia, 456, 458, 459 Hyaline membrane disease, 282 muscular arteries, 146--148 Hyalouronidase, 379 Isthmus, oviduct, 368 Hydrogen peroxide metabolism, 42 Hyperplasia, 449 congenital adrenal cortical, 344 J Hypertension, arterial, 148 Hyperthyroidism, 330 Jaundice, obstructive, 261 Hypertrophy, 103,449 Jejunum, 240 Hypodermis, 201 Junction(s) Hypophysis, 315 cardiac muscle, 110 Hypoplasia, 449 fetal-maternal , 388 Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 343-344 intercellular, 15, 46-49 Hypothalamohypophyseal tract, 320 adhering, 46 Hypothalamus, 307, 308, 315, 324 gap (nexus), 46 Hypothyroidism, 330 muscle, 102 muscle-tendon, 108 myoneuronal, 126, 128 I tight (occluding junction), 46 Junctional folds, 126 ICSH (interstitial-cell-stimulating-hormone), 398 Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, 306 Immobilization, 152 Juxtaglomerular complex, 306 , 174 Juxtamedullary nephron, 304 Index 473

K Langerhans, islets of, 256, 352-356 cells and hormones, 354 Karyokinesis, 50 disorders, 356 Karyotype, 21 organization, 352 Keratin, 29, 60, 196 Langer's lines, 201 Keratinization, 60, 196 Laryngopharynx, 226 Keratinocytes, 198 Larynx, 273, 275, 276 Keratohyalin, 196 Lens, 422, 425, 429-431 Keratosis, actinic (solar), 198 Lens epithelium, 422, 430, 431 Kidneys, 291 Lens placode, 422, 425 blood supply, 309 Lens vesicle, 422, 425 development, 292 Leptomeninges, 132 epithelium, 58 Leukemia, 170--172, 190 structure and function, 291-293 Leukocytes, 69, 160--165, 168 Krebs cycle, 34 agranulocytes, 160, 161, 168 enzymes, 34 in connective tissue, 69 Kupffer cells, 264, 265 granulocytes, 162-165, 168 Leydig cells, 36, 398, 399 LH (), 318 L , 77 suspensory, of lens, 426 majora, 378 Light-sensitive cells, retinal, 427 , 378 , 182 Labyrinth, bony, ear, 434-444 Lipofuscin, 116, 342 Labyrinth, membranous, ear, 434-444 Lipolysis, 346 Lacrimal apparatus, 432 Lipoprotein synthesis, 40, 262 Lacrimal gland, 432 Lips, 219, 221, 223 Lactation, 390--392, 393 Liver, 258 Lacteal, 235 bile ducts, development and structure of, 258- Lactiferous ducts, 207, 392 260 Lacunae blood supply, 258 bone, 86 cirrhosis of, 68, 226, 268, 458 hepatic laminae, 258 congestion (nutmeg liver), 266 hyalin cartilage, 83 disease, 261, 268-269 Lamella, bone, 86 function, 264-268 Lamellated corpuscles (of Pacini), 201 Golgi complexes, 38 Lamina, hepatic, 258, 266 hepatocytes, 260--264 Lamina cribrosa, 422 jaundice, 261 Lamina propria, 162, 178, 182, 216, 235, 238, 242, lobules, 264-266 244,268 Lobule anal canal, 244 hepatic appendix, 242 classic, 266 colon, 244 portal, 266 definition of, 216 mammary gland, 390 digestive, eosinophils in, 162 pancreas, 253 esophageal, 226 pulmonary, 288 gallbladder, 270 salivary gland, 248 gastric, 230 testicular, 398 as lymphoid organ, 173, 178, 182 Loose connective tissue, 76 nasal cavity, 276 Lung, 288 oviduct, 366 Lutein cells, 363 small intestine, 235, 238 Luteinizing hormone, 318, 398, 408, 409 trachea and bronchi, 278 Lymphatics, 184-186, 192, 286, 398 Langerhans cells, 200 testicular, 398 474 Index

Lymph nodes, 184-186, 447 ~alleus, 435 parenchyma, 186 ~alpighian corpuscle, 294 sinuses, 184-186 ~alpighian layer, 210, 212 stroma, 184 ~ammary gland vessels, 184 active, 390 Lymphocyte, 160, 161, 168, 174, 176 lactating, 39 circulation, 193-194 ~arrow, bone, 84, 166 differentiation, 178 organization, 166 Lymphoid organs, 178 ~ast cells, 69, 73, 79 appendix, 242 in connective tissue, 69 cell production, 179 in pineal, 350 nodes, 184 ~astoid air cells, 435, 437 primary, 178-181 ~astoid antrum, 437 secondary, 182-192 ~atrix, 76 Lymphoid tissue, 173 bone, 88 alveolar, 286 cartilage, 83 diffuse, 178 ~eckel's diverticulum, 240-241 gut-associated, 182 ~ediastinum, 284 ileal lymphoid (Peyer's) patches, 182, 240 testicular, 396 lamina propria, 182 ~edicine, fields of biology in, 3 nasopharyngeal, 276 ~edullary pyramids, renal, 292 nodular, 178 ~edullary rays, rental, 292 organization, 178 ~egakaryocytes, 166, 168, 169 structure, 174-176 ~eiosis, 50, 52, 404, 407 Lymphokines,68 ~elanin, 198, 428, 429 Lymphoma, 190, 193 ~elanocytes, 69, 198-200, 205 Lymphopoiesis, 166 ~elanocyte-stimulating hormone (~SH), 320 Lysine, 76 ~elanogenesis, 198, 203 Lysosomal storage disease, 42 ~elanoma, 200, 203 sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease), ~elatonin, 350 42 ~embrane Lysosomes, 15, 17,29,40-42,262 basilar, 440, 441 autophagosome, 42 Bowman's, 424, 425 of hepatocytes, 262 Bruch's, 427, 429 of neurons, 116 Descemet's, 424, 425 of neutrophils, 162 fetal-maternal (Nitabuch's), 388 phagosome, 42 iridopupillary, 4 pinosome, 42 mucous, lymphoid tissue in, 173, 178 Lysozyme, 230, 232, 238 respiratory, 282 tectorial, 435, 439, 440 tympanic, 434, 437 M ~embranous labyrinth (cochlea), 437 ~eniere's disease, 444 ~acrophages, 68-69, 71, 162, 193 ~eninges, brain and spinal cord, 132 alveolar, 284, 287 ~enopause, 358, 451 hepatic, of Kupffer, 264, 265 ~enstrual cycle, 370-373 in connective tissue, 68-69 ~erkel cells, 200 microglia, 120 ~esenchyme, 67, 81 and Niemann-Pick disease, 42 extraembryonic, 384 ~acula adherens, see Desmosome ~esoderm, 166,200,316 ~acula densa cells, 306 ~esovarium, 358 ~acula occludens, 46-47 ~etaphase, 50 ~alabsorption diseases, 234-235 ~etaplasia, 60, 449-450 ~ale reproductive system, 395 squamous, 60 Index 475

Metastasis, 186 Muscle (Cont.) Microfilaments, 15, 29, 31 connective tissue, 81 Microscopy, 1, 8-11 differentiation, 110 dark field, 10 hypertrophy, 110 electron, 2, 5, 62 regeneration, 110 scanning, 5 skeletal, 101, 104-110 light, 2, 62 A band, 104, 106 phase contrast, 10 contraction of, 107 polarizing, 10 endomysium, 108 ultraviolet, 10 fascicles, 108 Microsections, 3 H band, 106 Microtechnique, ~ I band, 104 dehydration in, 4 innervation, 110 embedding in, 4 perimysium, 108 fixation in, 4 red, 108 infiltration in, 5 sarcolemma, 104, 106 Microtome, 5 sarcomere, 104 Microtubules, 15, 29, 31, 32, 44, 50 T tubule, 106 Microvillus(i), 15, 19, 44 white, 108 intestinal, 234 Z line, 104, 106 stereocilia, 44 smooth, 101, 102 Middle ear, 436, 437 of blood vessels, 15, 146 of dermis, 201 Milk, breast, 390 of mammary gland, 206 Mineralocorticoids, 339 reticular fibers, 102 Mitochondria, 15, 33 of spleen, stroma, 186 and Krebs cycle, 34-35 of villi, 235 Mitosis, 50-53 stapedius, 437 spindle formation, 32 Muscularis externa, pharynx, 226-227 Modiolus, 436, 437, 439 Muscularis mucosae, 218, 235 , 160, 161, 168 respiratory, 276 Morbid anatomy, see Anatomic pathology, applica- Myasthenia gravis, 127 tion of Myelin, 120 Morphologic criteria, 1 Myelination, 122 Motor end-plate, 126, 130 Myelopoiesis, 166, 168 MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone), 320 Myenteric plexus, 221 Mucigen, 235 Myocardial infarction, 108-109, 110, 142, 143 Mucin, 235 Myocardium, 138-143 Mucosa, digestive, 216 conduction, 142 epithelium, 216 degeneration, 142 gastric, 227-234 necrosis, 109,142 lamina propria, 216 refractory period, 142 small intestine, 234-240 Myofibril Mucous surface cells, gastric, 227 cardiac, 110, 144 Mucus, cervical, 373 skeletal muscle, 104 Mucus formation in goblet cells, 235 smooth muscle, 102 Muller cells, 430 Myofilament, skeletal muscle, 104 Mumps, 253 Myoglobin, 108 Muscle, 101-111 Myoid cells, 400 cardiac, 101,110 , 370, 382 intercalated discs, 110 changes in pregnancy, 370 sarcomere, 110 Myosin, 29, 50, 101 T system, 110 skeletal muscle, 104, 106 T tubule, 110 smooth muscle, 102 Z line, 110 Myxedema, 330 476 Index

N Neuron (Cont.) classification, 118 Nails, 212 dendrite, 114, 116 Nasal cavities, 273, 274-276 neurotransmitter, 116 ciliary motion, 276 Nissl bodies, 116, 134 goblet cells, 276 Neutrophil, 69, 73, 162 lymphoid tissue, 276 life span, 162 Nasopharynx, 226 Nevus, 200, 202 Neoplasia, 452 Newborn Neoplastic change, 60 bone, 87 Nephron, 294, 302-303, 305 lung, 287 Nerve endings thymus, 179, 181 encapsulated, 127-130 Niemann-Pick disease, 43 muscle spindles, 127-130 Nipple, breast, 206 myoneural junction, 126-129 Nissl bodies, see Endoplasmic reticulum, rough naked, 127 Nitabuch's membrane, 388 Pacinian corpuscles, 127 Node of Ranvier, 120 tactile corpuscles (of Meissner), 127 Norepinephrine, 69, 346 Nerve regeneration, 134 Normality, 103, 446 Nerves, 124 Nuclear envelope, 15, 20, 50 cranial, 114 Nucleolus, 15, 26, 50 spinal, 114 Nucleus, 15, 17, 20, 27 vestibular, 435, 442, 444 bilobed, 17 Nervous system. See also specific parts and tissues cardiac muscle, 110 organization, 113-115 of nervous system, 130 regeneration, 134 paraventricular, 320 Nervous system, central (CNS), 113 supraoptic, 320 choroid plexuses, 130, 131 gray matter, 116, 130, 131 histology, 130 o interstitial space, 120 meninges, 132 Occlusion, arterial, 147, 446, 447 nuclei, 130, 131 Occlusion, venous, 153 organization, 113 Odontoblast, 219 tracts, 130 Oligodendrocyte, 120 white matter, 116, 130, 131 , 360-362 Nervous system, peripheral, 114, 115 Optic cup, 421, 425 autonomic nervous system, 114 Optic disc, 430 cranial and spinal nerves, 114 Optic vesicle, 421, 425 histology, 124-130 Oral cavity, 215, 218-226 end organs, 126-130 Organ, 4 ganglia, 124-126 Organelles, 28-44 motor (efferent) endings, 126-127 Organ of Corti, 440 nerves, 124 Oropharynx, 226 sensory (afferent) endings, 126, 154, 155 Os, cervical, 373 myelination, 122 Osseous spinal lamina, 437 neurilemmal cells (Schwann cells), 120 Ossicles, 434, 435, 437, 440 Neural crest, 120, 198, 336, 352 Ossification center, 88 Neurilemmal (Schwann) cells, 120 Osteoblasts, 86-89 Neurilemmoma, 124 Osteoclasts, 88-89 Neuroblastoma, 348 Osteocytes, 86-89 Neuron, 116 Osteolysis, 334 axon, 114, 116 Osteomalacia, 92, 94 cell body (soma), 114 Osteon, 86, 91, 95 Index 477

Osteoporosis, 94 Parathormone, 84, 92 Ostium, oviduct, 366 , 327 Otitis media, 437 disorders, 336 Otolithic membrane, 442 function, 334 Otoliths, 442 organization, 332 Oval window, ear, 439 parenchyma, 332 , 359 stroma, 332 atresia, 362 Parathyroid hormone (PTH), 334 cortex, 360 Parenchyma follicles, 360-362, 451 lymph node, 186 germinal epithelium, 360 pancreas, 254-256 medulla, 360 parathyroid, 332 structure, 360 spleen, 188 tunica albuginea, 360 thymus, 179 Oviduct, 359, 364--368 Parenchymatous organs, 77 cilia, 46 Parietal cells, 231 Oxidative phosphorylation, 34 Parotid glands, 249, 252 Ovulation, 359, 363, 365, 381 Pars distalis, pituitary, 317 Oxyphil cell, 332 , 320, 323 Pars nervosa, 320, 323 Oxytocin, 321, 323, 392 Pedicle astrocyte, 118 Pelvis, renal, 292 p Penis erection, 420 organization, 418 Pepsin, 232 Pacemaker, see Sinoatrial node Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), 188 Pacinian corpuscle, 197, 205 Pericardium, 142 Paired palatine tonsils, 182 Perichondrium, 83 Pampiniform plexus, 396 Pericyte, 150 Pancreas, 253, 352 Perilymph, 434, 437, 442 development of, 253 Perineurium, 124 differentiation from parotid gland, 256 Periodontal ligament, 219, 223 enzymes, 254 Periodontitis, 219, 222 Langerhans, Islets of, 352-356 Periosteum, 91, 133 organization, 253-256 Peristalsis, 102, 114 pathology of, 256 Peritoneum, 59 Pancreatitis, 256 liver, 258 Paneth cells, 238 ovarian, 358 Panniculus adiposus, 201 processus vaginal is, 396 Papilla visceral, 217, 221 blood vessels of skin, 212 Peritonitis, 220 connective, skin, 127 Peroxidase, 42 of tongue, 219, 224-225 Peroxisomes, 42, 262 hair, 207 Peyer's patches, 182 optic, 430 Phagocytosis, 18, 68, 162, 174 renal, 292 Pharynx, 216, 226, 273 renal medulla, 292 Pheochromocytoma, 347, 348 Papillary layer, dermis, 200 Pheromone, 194, 207 Papillary muscles, 138 Photons, 427 Papilloma, choroid plexus, 120 Photoreceptor cells, 427, 428, 430 Parafollicular (C) cells, 329 Pia mater, 118, 132 Paraganglia, 346 PIF (prolactin inhibiting factor), 392 Paranasal sinuses, 273 Pilosebaceous unit, 210 478 Index

Pineal gland, 315 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 162 functions of, 350-352 Polyps, colon, 244 organization, 348-350 Polyribosomes, 29 , 348-350 Pore Pinocytolic vescicles, 15, 150 alveolar (of Kohn), 282 Pinocytosis, 18 nuclear, 20, 21 , 320 slit, Bowman's capsule, 300 , 315 Porta, 258 adenohypophysis, 316 Portal tract, 258 blood vessels, 321, 325 Posterior chamber, eye, 422 cells and products, 317-321 Potassium, 339 development, 316 excretion in saliva, 252 mechanisms of control, 321-324 Pregnancy neurohypophysis, 317 breast and, 390-392 pars distalis, 317-320, 325 cleavage to blastocyst and, 380 pars intermedia, 320, 323 corpus luteum, 363 pars nervosa, 319, 320-321, 323 fertilization, 379-380 Pituitary hypofunction, 318 implantation and decidual relations, 380-382 Placenta oocyte transport, 379 accreta, 387 placenta, 384-388 chorion, 384-386 sperm transport, 379 development, 383-385 tubal,383 disorders, 388 uterine adaptation, 103 exchange, 386 Pregnenolone conversion, 398 fetal component, 382-388 Prepuce, 418 fetal-maternal junction, 388 Primitive cells, 92 hormones, 386 PRL (prolactin), 317 maternal component, 388 , 363, 382, 386 mature, 387 Prolactin, 317 previa, 388 Prolactin inhibiting factor (PIF), 324, 392 villi, 382-386 Proline, 76 Plasma, blood, 157 Pronucleus proteins, 157 female, 380 Plasmablast, 176 male, 380 Plasma cells, 69, 73, 174 Prophase, 50 in connective tissue, 69 Prostate gland, 414-416 in lymphoid tissue, 176 Prostatic carcinoma, 416, 417, 447 Plasmalemma, 18-20, 44, see also Junctions, inter- Prostatic hypertrophy, 416, 417 cellular Protein, androgen binding, 401 enzymes of, 18 Protein synthesis, 26, 36, 41 lipid bilayer of, 18 Proteoglycan, 56 of mitochondria, 34 in basal lamina, 56 physiologic properties of, 18 Psammoma bodies, 350 Plasma membrane, see Plasmalemma PTH, 334, 335 Platelet, 164, 165, 168 Puberty, male, 398 life span, 164 Pulmonary artery, 144-146 Pleura, 284 Pulp Plexus splenic, 188-190 myenteric (Auerbach's), 218 teeth,219 submucous (Meissner's), 218, 226, 240 Pupil,426 Plicae circulares, 234, 238 Pupillary dilator, 426 Pneumonia, 280 Pupillary sphincter, 426 Podocyte, 300, 301 Purkinje fibers, 144, 145 Polar body, 363 Pylorus, 227, 232 Polycythemia rubra vera, 170 Pyramid, medullary, 292, 293 Index 479

R Retina (Cont.) pigment layer, 427-429 Radioautography, 2 rods and cones, 427-428 Ranvier, node of, 120 Rheumatic fever, 138, 141 Reaction center, see Germinal center Rhodoposin, 427 Receptor molecules, 20 Ribonuclease, 254 Rectouterine pouch (of Douglas), 378 Ribonucleic acid, see RNA Reflex Ribosomes, 15, 20, 26, 29, 36 neuroendocrine, 321 of motor end-plate, 127 postural, 127 Rickets, 94, 97 Regeneration, 456, 458, 459 Ring muscle, 110 annuli fibrosi, 138 nerve, 134 C-shaped tracheal, 278 Relaxin, 386 cytoplasmic microtubules of erythrocytes, 158 Releasing factors, hypothalamic, 324 tonsillar (Waldeyer's), 182, 224 Remodeling, bone, 94 tracheal, 83 Renal (Malpighian), corpuscle, 291, 294-302 RNA (ribonucleic acid), 22, 26, 27, 29 epithelial component (Bowman's capsule), 296- in erythrocytes, 158 300 pancreas, 254 and protein synthesis, 27 vascular component, 294-296 Rods, retinal, 427 Renal infarct, 439 Root Renal lobule, 294 hair, 207 Renal sinus, 292 tooth,219 Renin, 306, 386 Rugae, gastric, 227 Repair, 456, 458, 459 Round window, ear, 437 Residual body, 42 Respiratory system blood vessels, 284 s bronchus, 279 conducting portion, 274-280 Sac, alveolar, 273, 280 definition, 273-274 lacrimal, 423, 432 development, 286 Saccule, 442 diseases, 273-274 Salivary glands, 248--252 lung, structure and organization, 283, 288 ducts, 248--253 lympatics, 286 innervation, 248 membrane, 282 organization, 248 respiratory portion, 273, 280--286 secretion, 248 Response Salpingitis, 368 adrenal cortical, 344 Salt, in distal tubule, 304 emergency, 348 Sarcomere, skeletal muscle, 104 Rete testis, 410 Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SER), 104 Reticular cells, 174 calcium ions, 106 thymus, 179 terminal cistern, 106 Reticular framework, see Stroma Scala tympani, 435, 437, 439 Reticular layer, dermis, 201 Scala vestibuli, 435, 437, 439 Reticulocytes, 158 Scintiscan, 331 Retina, 427-432 Sclera, eye, 422 bipolar cells, 428 Scrotum, 396 blind spot, 430 Scurvy, 76 ganglion cells, 430 Sebaceous glands, 207 neural layer, 427-429 Sebum, 207 pars ciliaris, 427 Secretin, 235, 254 pars iridis, 427 Secretion, 41 pars optica, 427 Semen, 420 480 Index

Semicircular canals, ear, 442 Spermatogenesis (Cont.) Seminal vesicles, 414 spermiogenesis, 405, 407, 408 Seminiferous tubules, 399, 400-401 synapsis, 404 adluminal compartment, 401 Spermatogenic epithelium, 400 basal compartment, 401 Spermatogonia, 401 basement membrane (boundary layer), 400 Spermatozoa, 44, 400, 401-407 sertoli cells, 400-401 structure, 405-407 spermatogenic cells, 401 Sphincter(s) spermatogenic epithelium, 400 of bile duct (Boyden), 268 Seminoma, 401 esophagus, 227 Sense organs, general, 127 ofOddi,268 Septa pupillary, eye, 426 interatrial, 144 pyloric, 232 interventricular, 144 urethrae, 420 Septal cells (type II), alveolar, 282 Sphingomyelinase, 42 Septum, nasal, 274 Sphingomyelin lipidosis (Niemann-Pick disease), Serosa, 217, 221 42 Serotonin, 164, 232 Spinal cord, 120 connective tissues, 132 Sertoli cells, 318, 400-403 gray matter, 116, 130 Serum, 157 nerves, see Spinal nerves Shock, 148 white matter, 130 Sialic acid, 46 Spinal nerves, 114 Sickle-cell anemia, 159 fibers, 114 Sinus ganglia, 114 dural,132 transfer of stimuli, 114 lactiferous, 392 Spinal puncture, 132 lymph node, 184-186 Spleen, 186-191 renal,292 circulatory pattern, 188 sagittal, superior and inferior, 132 function, 186 splenic, 188-190 neoplasms, 190 Sinusoids parenchyma, 188 bone marrow, 166 , 188-190 hepatic, 264 removal, 192 Sodium, 306 sinuses, 190 reabsorption in saliva, 252 stroma, 186 Skin, 195 vessels, 186-188 blood vessels and lymphatics, 212 white pulp, 188, 190 types, 201-204 Spiral valve (of Heister), 268 Somatomammotrophin, 386 Splenic cords (of Billroth), 190 Somatomedin, 317, 325 Squamous alveolor cells (type 0, 282 Somatos~atin, 235, 356 Stains Somatotrophin (STH), 317 acidophilic, 5 Space basophilic, 5 arachnoid, 132 Bielscho'¥sky, 5 capsular (urinary), 296 cresyl violet, 158 interstitial (extracellular), 120 Feulgen's reaction, 5 perisinusoidal (of Disse), 264, 265 Giemsa, 166 Sperm, 379 bone marrow, 166 Spermatic cord, 396 hematoxylin and eosin (H & E), 5 Spermatocytes, 401 Mallory's trichrome, 5 Spermatogenesis, 401-407 Masson's trichrome, 5 cell division, 404 methylene blue, 5 chiasmata, 404 Movat's pentachrome, 5 spermatids, 404 Papanicolaou, 5 Index 481

Stains (Cont.) Suspensory ligament, eye, 426 periodic acid-schiff reaction, 5 Synapse, 116, 117 of basal lamina, 56 anoaxonic, 116, 117 of hepatocyte, 260 axodendritic, 116, 117 silver impregnation, 5 axosomatic, 116, 117 for basal lamina, 56 catecholaminergic, 116, 117 toluidine blue, 5 cholinergic, 116, 117 Van Gieson, 5 serotoninergic, 116, 117 Weigert's elastic, 5 Synapsis, 404, 407 Wright's, 5, 157, 166 Synaptic cleft, 117, 126, 127 bone marrow, 166 Syncytiotrophoblast, 380 Stapedius muscle, 437 Syngamy, 380 Stapes, 434,435, 437, 440 Stem cells, 454-457 Stereocilia, 44 T auditory, 440 epididymal, 411 T3 , 325, 328 Steroid hormones, 84, 339-342 T4 , 325, 328 Stigma, , 363 Taste buds, 224, 225 Stomach, 216, 227-234 Tear sac, 432 mucosa, 227-233 Tectorial membrane, 435, 439, 440 muscularis externa, 234 Teeth, 219, 221, 223 serosa, 234 Telophase, 50 submucosa, 234 Tendon, 77 Stratum basale, 196 Tenon's capsule, 422 Stratum corneum, 196 Tensor tympani muscle, 437 Stratum granulosum, 196 Teratoma, 456 Stratum lucidum, 196 Teratocarcinoma, 456, 457 Stratum malpighii, 196 Testes, 396-399 Stress, response to, 318 control, endocrine and temperature, 408 Stria vascularis, 435, 437, 439 interstitial cells, 398 Stroma parenchyma, 398 adrenal, 338 seminiferous tubules, 400--401 loose connective tissue, 77 spermatogenesis, 401-408 lymph node, 184 stroma, 396-398 lymphoid, 174 Testosterone, 315, 396, 404 mammary gland, 207 Tetany, 336 muscle as, 102 Tetrad, 404, 407 ovarian, 360 , ovarian follicle, 362, 365 pancreas, 253-254 , ovarian follicle, 362, 365 parathyroid, 332 Theca lutein cells, 363 spleen, 186-188 Thermoregulation, 204-206, 273, 408 thyroid, 329 Thoracic duct, 192 Subcapsular nephron, 304 Thrombocyte, see Platelet Sublingual glands, 253 Thrombocytopenia, 164, 172 Submandibular glands, 252-253 Thrombosis, venous, 152 Submucosa, digestive, 218 Thymosin, 179 esophageal, 226 Thymus, 179-181 innervation, 218 blood supply, 179 small intestine, 240 cellular immunity, 179 stomach, 234 cortex, 179 Succinate dehydrogenase reaction, myocardial, epithelial reticular cells, 179 108 involution, 180 Suckling, 392 medulla, 179-180 Surfactant, alveolar, 282 Hassalls corpuscles, 179 482 Index

Thymus (Cont.) Tubule (Cont.) removal, 179 ischemia, 304 steroid influence, 180 necrosis, 304 T lymphocytes, 179 nutrition, 304 trabeculae of stroma, 179 proximal convoluted, 294, 300-302 Thymus-dependent zone, 186 thin segment, 302-304 Thyroglobulin, 328 Tubulin, 29, 31 Thyroid gland Tubuli recti, 410 development, 326 Tumor, see also Carcinoma developmental and metabolic control, 326 adrenal, 347 disorders, 329-330 breast, 453 follicular cells, 326 colon, 243 parafollicular cells, 329 ovarian, 362, 365 stroma, 329 pancreatic, 355, 356 structure and functional organization, 326-330 parotid gland, 451 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), 318 seminoma, 409 Thyrotrophin, 318, 386 uterine, 103, 388-389 Thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH), 324 Tunica adventitia, 138, 139, 218 Thyroxin, 69, 328 of elastic arteries, 146 Tissue, 4 of veins, 152 T lymphocyte, 68,174-177 Tunica albuginea antigens, 176 ovarian, 360 in GALT, 182 penis, 418 in lymph nodes, 186 testicular, 396 in spleen, 190 Tunica fibrosa, eye, 422 in tonsils, 182 Tunica interna (retina), 427--431 Tolerance, drug, 262 Tongue, 219-224 Tunica intima, 138, 139 filiform, folate, fungiform, and vallate papillae, of elastic arteries, 146 224 of veins, 152 taste buds, 224 Tunica media, 138, 139 Tonofibril, epidermis, 196 of elastic arteries, 146 Tonsils, 173, 182, 224-226 of veins, 152 median pharyngeal, 182 Tunica vaginalis, 396 Trabeculae Tympanic cavity, 436 bone, 86, 91 Tympanic membrane, 434--436 lymph node, 184, 185 Tyrosinase, 198 spleen, 188, 189 tonsils, 182 Trachea, 273, 276-278 U Tract, central nervous system, 130 Translocation, 21 Ulcer, gastric, 232 Transplant, skin, 196 Unit membrane, see Plasmalemma Transverse (T) tubules, skeletal muscles, 106-108 Urate oxidase, 42 Trauma, cranial, 132 Ureter, 310 Triad, portal, 258, 259 Urethra Trophoblast, 380 female, 312 Tropocollagen, 72 male, 311, 418--420 Trypsinogen, 254 , 411 TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), 318 Urethral glands (of Littre), 414, 416 T system, cardiac muscle, 110 Urinary system, 291 Tubule, renal Urine, 306 collecting, 294, 308-310 final concentration, 308-310 distal convoluted, 294, 303, 304-307 Urine formation, 296-306 Henle's loop, 294, 300, 308 Uterotubal junction, 379 Index 483

Uterus, 359, 370-373 Villi, placenta, 382-386 blood vessels, 370 anchoring, 384 endometrium, 368 definitive, 384 menstruation, 370-373 floating, 384 myometrium, 370 primary, 384 pregnancy, 370, 380-382 secondary, 384 stroma, 380, 382 Villi, small intestine, 234 structure, 368 Vinblastine, 29 Utricle, 442 Vitamin A, 390 Uvea, 422, 426 Vitamin C, 76 Uveitis, 426 Vitamin D, 84, 334 Vitreous body, 432 Vocal cords, 276 V

Vagina, 61, 373-378 w Valve, spiral (of Heister), 258 Waldeyer's ring, 182 Valve cusp Wallerian degeneration, 134 aortic, 138, 140 , 81, 98-99 mitral, 138, 140 Valves, cardiac, 138 Varices, esophageal, 226, 229 z Vasa recta, 310 Vasa vasora, 146, 152 Zinc, 238 Vascular pole, renal capsule, 296 Zona basalis, endometrium, 368 Vas deferens, 411 Zona fasciculata, 339, 342 Veins, 152, 153 Zona functionalis, endometrium, 368 arcuate, 310 Zona glomerulosa, 339 hypophyseal portal, 321, 328 , 362 interlobar, 310 Zona reticularis, 342 portal,258 Zonula adherens, 46, 49 stellate, 310 cardiac muscle, 110 Vena cava, 142,310 Zonula occludens, 4&-47, 49 Venous flow, renal, 310 hepatic, 258 Ventricular fibrillation, 142 Zygote, 366 Vestibular gland of Bartholin, 378 Zymogen, 254