DOCSLIB.ORG

21Yadav-Mohan-Ancient Indian Leaps Into Mathematics-Copyright.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
21Yadav-Mohan-Ancient Indian Leaps Into Mathematics-Copyright.Pdf िवा पर्सारक मंडळ, ठाणे Title Ancient Indian leaps into : mathematics Editor : Yadav, B.S. and Mohan, Man Publisher New York : Springer Science and : Business Media Publication Year : 2011 Pages : 234 pgs. गणपुःतक िवद्या ूसारक मंडळाच्या “मंथालय” ूकल्पांतगर्त िनिमतीर् गणपुस्तक िनिमती वष र् : २०१३ गणपुस्तक कर्मांक : ०२१ B.S. Yadav Man Mohan Editors Ancient Indian Leaps into Mathematics Editors B.S. Yadav (Deceased) Man Mohan Ramjas College University of Delhi 110 007 New Delhi India [email protected] ISBN 978-0-8176-4694-3 e-ISBN 978-0-8176-4695-0 DOI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4695-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937771 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01A32, 01A16, 01A17, 01A25, 01A27, 01A29 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper www.birkhauser-science.com Dedicated to the memory of U. N. SINGH The Founder of the Indian Society for History of Mathematics U. N. Singh (November 19, 1920 – April 9, 1989) Professor B. S. Yadav (31 July 1931 – 24 February 2010) B. S. Yadav was born in Mathura, India. He dedicated his whole life to the cause of mathematics and the history of mathematical sciences. After obtaining his B Sc (1953) and M Sc (1957) degrees from Agra University and Aligarh Muslim University, respectively, he pursued research in math- ematics at M. S. University, Baroda, for which he was awarded the Ph.D. in 1965. Through his extended research career he made significant contribu- tions to functional analysis, operator theory, Fourier analysis, and studies in the history of mathematics. His teaching career started at M. S. University, Baroda (Lecturer, 1956–1964). He then moved to Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Gujarat (Reader, 1964–1970), and later to Delhi Uni- versity (Reader, 1970–1976 & Professor, 1976–1996). He played an influential role at various universities and Indian boards of studies. Besides serving on numerous important committees such as the Academic Council and Research Degree Committee, he also worked as Head of the Department of Mathematics and as Dean of the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences in Delhi University for several years. He was widely traveled, with over 25 visits to various universi- ties abroad, and was a Visiting Professor of Mathematics at Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA during 1987–1988. He was associated with several academic bodies and research journals. He was a founding member of the Indian Society for History of Mathematics, founded by his guide and mentor, the late Professor Udita Narayana Singh in 1978. He was deeply and emotionally involved with this society and was the main driving force behind its activities for over two decades. He served the society as its Administrative Secretary over a long period and was the Editor of the society’s bulletin Ganita Bharat¯ ¯i in recent years. His tireless efforts contributed a good deal in creating a new awareness in the study and research of the history of mathematics in the Indian context. He inspired many, young and old, to enter into new ven- tures in the study of ancient, medieval, and modern history of mathematics. He continued to be engaged with mathematics to his last breath. B. S. Yadav was an organizer par excellence. He organized many national and international conferences, seminars, and workshops. He always encour- aged the publication of their proceedings and had been anxiously awaiting an early release of this book before his untimely death, but the cruel hands of destiny did not allow the fulfillment of his wish. B. S. Yadav (31 July 1931 – 24 February 2010) Contents Foreword ............................................ XI Preface ............................................. XV List of Contributors ...................................XIX Indian Calendrical Calculations Nachum Dershowitz and Edward M. Reingold ................... 1 India’s Contributions to Chinese Mathematics Through the Eighth Century C.E. R. C. Gupta ........................................... 33 The Influence of Indian Trigonometry on Chinese Calendar-Calculations in the Tang Dynasty Duan Yao-Yong and Li Wen-Lin ............................ 45 Andr´e Weil: His Book on Number Theory and Indian References B. S. Yadav ........................................... 55 On the Application of Areas in the Sulbas¯´ utras Toke Lindegaard Knudsen ................................. 63 Divisions of Time and Measuring Instruments of Varah. mihira G.S. Pandey .......................................... 75 The Golden Mean and the Physics of Aesthetics Subhash Kak .......................................... 111 Pingala ˙ Binary Numbers Shyam Lal Singh ....................................... 121 XContents The Reception of Ancient Indian Mathematics by Western Historians Albrecht Heeffer ........................................ 135 The Indian Mathematical Tradition with Special Reference to Kerala: Methodology and Motivation V. Madhukar Mallayya ................................... 153 The Algorithm of Extraction in Greek and Sino-Indian Mathematical Traditions Duan Yao-Yong and Kostas Nikolantonakis .................... 171 Brahmagupta: The Ancient Indian Mathematician R. K. Bhattacharyya ..................................... 185 Mainland Southeast Asia as a Crossroads of Chinese Astronomy and Indian Astronomy Yukio Ohashiˆ .......................................... 193 Mathematical Literature in the Regional Languages of India Sreeramula Rajeswara Sarma ............................... 201 Index ............................................... 213 Foreword In recent years, the study of the history of Indian mathematics has accelerated dramatically. This is illustrated not only by the holding of international meet- ings, including the 2001 meeting initiated by the Indian Society for History of Mathematics and the 2003 joint meeting of the Indian Mathematical Society and the American Mathematical Society, one of whose themes was the his- tory of Indian mathematics, but also by the increasing number of research articles on the subject being published in international journals. However, it is still true that the history of mathematics in India has not yet achieved the recognition that it deserves. The knowledge of ancient and medieval Indian mathematics was always kept alive in India, but once the British ruled the subcontinent, the education system they introduced did not value native Indian contributions to mathe- matics. Thus the knowledge of these ideas tended to be buried in the rush to learn modern European mathematics. Nevertheless, there were British schol- ars, and later scholars from elsewhere in Europe, who attempted to bring some knowledge of this mathematics back to Europe. Probably the earliest substantive knowledge in Europe of the history of Indian mathematics — in the early nineteenth century — was due to Henry Thomas Colebrooke, who, after collecting various Sanskrit mathemat- ical and astronomical texts, published in 1817 his Algebra with Arithmetic and Mensuration from the Sanskrit of Brahmagupta and Bh¯askara. Thus, parts of the major texts of two of the most important medieval Indian math- ematicians became available in English, along with excerpts from Sanskrit commentaries on these works. Then in 1835, Charles Whish published a paper dealing with the fifteenth-century work in Kerala on infinite series, and in 1860 Ebenezer Burgess published an English translation of the S¯urya-Siddh¯anta,a major early Indian work on mathematical astronomy. In 1874 Hendrik Kern produced an edition of the Aryabhat¯ .¯iya by Aryabhat¯ .a, while George Thibaut wroteadetailedessayontheSulbas¯´ utras, which was published, along with his translation of the Baudh¯ayana-Sulbas¯´ utra, in the late 1870s. Indian researchers around the same time, including Bapu Deva Sastri, Sudhakara Dvivedi, and XII Foreword S. B. Dikshit, began looking again into their mathematical heritage. Although their own work was originally published in Sanskrit or Hindi, their research paved the way for additional translations into English. Despite the availability of some Sanskrit mathematical texts in English, it still took many years before Indian contributions to the world of mathemat- ics were recognized in major European historical works. Of course, European scholars knew about the Indian origins of the decimal place-value system. But in part because of a tendency in Europe to attribute Indian mathemati- cal ideas to the Greeks and also because of the sometimes-exaggerated claims by Indian historians about Indian accomplishments, a balanced treatment of the history of mathematics in India was difficult to achieve. Perhaps the best of such works in the first half of the twentieth century was the History of Indian Mathematics: A Source Book, published in two volumes by the Indian
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Secondary Indian Culture and Heritage
    Culture: An Introduction MODULE - I Understanding Culture Notes 1 CULTURE: AN INTRODUCTION he English word ‘Culture’ is derived from the Latin term ‘cult or cultus’ meaning tilling, or cultivating or refining and worship. In sum it means cultivating and refining Ta thing to such an extent that its end product evokes our admiration and respect. This is practically the same as ‘Sanskriti’ of the Sanskrit language. The term ‘Sanskriti’ has been derived from the root ‘Kri (to do) of Sanskrit language. Three words came from this root ‘Kri; prakriti’ (basic matter or condition), ‘Sanskriti’ (refined matter or condition) and ‘vikriti’ (modified or decayed matter or condition) when ‘prakriti’ or a raw material is refined it becomes ‘Sanskriti’ and when broken or damaged it becomes ‘vikriti’. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson you will be able to: understand the concept and meaning of culture; establish the relationship between culture and civilization; Establish the link between culture and heritage; discuss the role and impact of culture in human life. 1.1 CONCEPT OF CULTURE Culture is a way of life. The food you eat, the clothes you wear, the language you speak in and the God you worship all are aspects of culture. In very simple terms, we can say that culture is the embodiment of the way in which we think and do things. It is also the things Indian Culture and Heritage Secondary Course 1 MODULE - I Culture: An Introduction Understanding Culture that we have inherited as members of society. All the achievements of human beings as members of social groups can be called culture.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Essent Vol. 1
    ESSENT Society for Collaborative Research and Innovation, IIT Mandi Editor: Athar Aamir Khan Editorial Support: Hemant Jalota Tejas Lunawat Advisory Committee: Dr Venkata Krishnan, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Varun Dutt, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Manu V. Devadevan, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Suman, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi AcknowledgementAcknowledgements: Prof. Arghya Taraphdar, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Dr Shail Shankar, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi Dr Rajeshwari Dutt, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi SCRI Support teamteam:::: Abhishek Kumar, Nagarjun Narayan, Avinash K. Chaudhary, Ankit Verma, Sourabh Singh, Chinmay Krishna, Chandan Satyarthi, Rajat Raj, Hrudaya Rn. Sahoo, Sarvesh K. Gupta, Gautam Vij, Devang Bacharwar, Sehaj Duggal, Gaurav Panwar, Sandesh K. Singh, Himanshu Ranjan, Swarna Latha, Kajal Meena, Shreya Tangri. ©SOCIETY FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND INNOVATION (SCRI), IIT MANDI [email protected] Published in April 2013 Disclaimer: The views expressed in ESSENT belong to the authors and not to the Editorial board or the publishers. The publication of these views does not constitute endorsement by the magazine. The editorial board of ‘ESSENT’ does not represent or warrant that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete and in no case are they responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from the use of such material. Readers are strongly advised to confirm the information contained herein with other dependable sources. ESSENT|Issue1|V ol1 ESSENT Society for Collaborative Research and Innovation, IIT Mandi CONTENTS Editorial 333 Innovation for a Better India Timothy A. Gonsalves, Director, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi 555 Research, Innovation and IIT Mandi 111111 Subrata Ray, School of Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi INTERVIEW with Nobel laureate, Professor Richard R.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Indian Leaps Into Mathematics Editors B.S
    B.S. Yadav Man Mohan Editors Ancient Indian Leaps into Mathematics Editors B.S. Yadav (Deceased) Man Mohan Ramjas College University of Delhi 110 007 New Delhi India [email protected] ISBN 978-0-8176-4694-3 e-ISBN 978-0-8176-4695-0 DOI 10.1007/978-0-8176-4695-0 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2010937771 Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 01A32, 01A16, 01A17, 01A25, 01A27, 01A29 c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper www.birkhauser-science.com Dedicated to the memory of U. N. SINGH The Founder of the Indian Society for History of Mathematics U. N. Singh (November 19, 1920 – April 9, 1989) Professor B. S. Yadav (31 July 1931 – 24 February 2010) B. S. Yadav was born in Mathura, India. He dedicated his whole life to the cause of mathematics and the history of mathematical sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Bengali English Calendar 2018 Pdf
    Bengali english calendar 2018 pdf Continue Bengali Calendar 1425 (Eng: 2018-2019) Baisakh- 13/14. Joystha -10/18. Jordi. Sharaban - 13.Vadra - 4/14. Aswin - 3. Kartik -1/2/4/9/12. Agrahan - 11/14. Wells -1/8/11 . Magh - 1/4. Falgun -9/12. Chaitra - 1. USK: All agesBengali Calendar PanjikaBengali Calendar is also known as the Bangla Calendar or Bong Calendar. The current Bengali year is the Bengali calendar 1425 BS or Bengali Sambat. The Bengali calendar is based on the solar calendar. There are two types of Bengali calendar. One is used as an offical calendar in Bangladesh (BD) and another used in the Indian states (IN) of West Bengal (WB), Tripura and Assam. * - Easy scrolling view* - Vertical view* - Updated by Bengali Year ১৪২৫ (1425)* - Bengal calendar 2018* - best calendar application* - calendar application 2018* - 2019 calendar application* - Bengal calendar 2018* - Bengali calendar 2018bengali calendar 1425bengalicalendar1425bengali panjikabengali panjika 2018bengali panjika marriage datesbang English calendar today and calendar appsbangla datebengali calendar new year calendar bengali calendar online bangladesh calendar bangladesh calendars bangladesh calendarbengali and english calendarbengali full panjikapanjikaBangla date of marriage Date MarchNew Bangladesh panjika2018 Bangladesh panjikaBangla panjika 2018 West Bengal Festivals 321 Contains Ads Calendar Bangla 2019 application is useful for people from West Bengal and Bengali speaking to people all over the world. This application intends to bring you information about Calendar
    [Show full text]
  • Aryabhatiya with English Commentary
    ARYABHATIYA OF ARYABHATA Critically edited with Introduction, English Translation. Notes, Comments and Indexes By KRIPA SHANKAR SHUKLA Deptt. of Mathematics and Astronomy University of Lucknow in collaboration with K. V. SARMA Studies V. V. B. Institute of Sanskrit and Indological Panjab University INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY NEW DELHI 1 Published for THE NATIONAL COMMISSION FOR THE COMPILATION OF HISTORY OF SCIENCES IN INDIA by The Indian National Science Academy Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi— © Indian National Science Academy 1976 Rs. 21.50 (in India) $ 7.00 ; £ 2.75 (outside India) EDITORIAL COMMITTEE Chairman : F. C. Auluck Secretary : B. V. Subbarayappa Member : R. S. Sharma Editors : K. S. Shukla and K. V. Sarma Printed in India At the Vishveshvaranand Vedic Research Institute Press Sadhu Ashram, Hosbiarpur (Pb.) CONTENTS Page FOREWORD iii INTRODUCTION xvii 1. Aryabhata— The author xvii 2. His place xvii 1. Kusumapura xvii 2. Asmaka xix 3. His time xix 4. His pupils xxii 5. Aryabhata's works xxiii 6. The Aryabhatiya xxiii 1. Its contents xxiii 2. A collection of two compositions xxv 3. A work of the Brahma school xxvi 4. Its notable features xxvii 1. The alphabetical system of numeral notation xxvii 2. Circumference-diameter ratio, viz., tz xxviii table of sine-differences xxviii . 3. The 4. Formula for sin 0, when 6>rc/2 xxviii 5. Solution of indeterminate equations xxviii 6. Theory of the Earth's rotation xxix 7. The astronomical parameters xxix 8. Time and divisions of time xxix 9. Theory of planetary motion xxxi - 10. Innovations in planetary computation xxxiii 11.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book
    PANCI! ASIDDIIANTIKA TIIU ASTRONOMICAL WORK V A 11 A II A MI III II A. TI1IC TEXT, KDITKD WITH AN O'llKIINAlj (U)MMKNTAIIY 1"N SANS AND AN KNOIJSII TRANSLATION AND 1NT1K )DUCT1( ) (1. Tll.niAliT, I'll. '!). i I ) I L I J I > i 1. 1 1 1 ) I 1 ) 1 . M A i I A MA LOPA Y A Y A S A K A A V V E rKlNTKJ) l.V K. ,i. LAZ.MUJN ANP CO., AT TISK J!K1M(.!A1. HALL .PUKSS, 11KNAHEH PKEFACE, There Is some reason to fear that the feeling .of any one who may examine in detail this edition and translation of Varaha Mihira's astronomi- cal work will, in the first place, be wonder at the boldness of the editors. I am indeed fully conscious that on the imperfect materials at our disposal an edition in the strict sense of the word cannot be based, and that what we are able to offer at present deserves no other name but that of a first attempt of the to give a o-eneral idea of the contents PanchasiddMntika. It * o c> would, in these circumstances, possibly have been wiser to delay an edition of the work until more correct Manuscripts have been discovered. Two consider- ations, however, in the end induced us no longer to keep back the results, however imperfect, of our long continued endeavours to restore and elucidate the text of the PanchasiddhantikiL In the first place we" were encouraged by the consideration that texts of purely mathematical or astronomical con- tents may, without great disadvantages, be submitted to a much rougher and bolder treatment than texts of other kinds.
    [Show full text]
  • Aryabhatta Date an Analytical Study
    ARYABHATTA’S DATE AN ANALYTICAL STUDY Dr. M.L. Raja, M.B., B.S., D.O., AVINASH English ARYABHATTA’S DATE AN ANALYTICAL STUDY By- Dr. M.L. Raja Published by AVINASH Printed at Sankav Offset Printerss, Erode Cover Design & Type setting A.P. Nallashivam Published in January 2016 Yugabdom 5117 IPrice `160. ISBN: 978-93-84582-54-8BN: 978i AVINASH Academy on Vibrant National Arts & Scientific Heritage Erode, Tamilnadu Ph : 94433 70129 E-mail : [email protected] PREFACE In the history our Nation, we can find thousands and thousands of great scholars and their works, in almost all fields of science. We can cite examples, at least a few hundred in each century, scattering over a very long period of time, exceeding a minimum of ten thousand years. Their works in the various fields of science are remarkably outstanding, highly astonishing and fully scientific with thorough and clear knowledge, exceeding the modern scientific achievements, at least in a few aspects. But, the most unfortunate thing is, we are very much ignorant of our ancestor’s glorious antiquity, Himalayan achievements, high technological skill and the vast knowledge and wisdom and their highly admirable scientific works are not at all included in our Nation’s educational curriculum. So, it is right time or even if late, it is better late than never, to bring forth these ancient scientific works of our glorious Nation, in the day-light, amongst the present and the future generations of our Nation. With that motive in mind, this book on Âryabhaa is a very small, but a firm step in that direction, where the actual date and name of Âryabhaa and his texts are detailed.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Ascensional Difference in the Lagnaprakaraṇa
    Indian Journal of History of Science, 53.3 (2018) 302-316 DOI:10.16943/ijhs/2018/v53i3/49462 Determination of Ascensional Difference in the Lagnaprakaraṇa Aditya Kolachana∗ , K Mahesh∗ , Clemency Montelle∗∗ and K Ramasubramanian∗ (Received 31 January 2018) Abstract The ascensional difference or the cara is a fundamental astronomical concept that is crucial in de- termining the durations of day and night, which are a function of the observer’s latitude and the time of the year. Due to its importance, almost all astronomical texts prescribe a certain procedure for the determination of this element. The text Lagnaprakaraṇa—a hitherto unpublished manuscript attributed to Mādhava, the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics—however discusses not one, but a number of techniques for the determination of the cara that are both inter- esting and innovative. The present paper aims to discuss these techniques. Key words: Arkāgraguṇa, Ascensional difference, Cara, Carajyā, Carāsu, Dyuguṇa, Dyujyā, Earth-sine, Kujyā, Lagnaprakaraṇa, Mādhava, Mahīguṇa 1. INTRODUCTION of the rising times of the different zodiacal signs (rāśis) at a given latitude. The ascensional difference (cara henceforth) is an The Lagnaprakaraṇa1 (Treatise for the Compu- important astronomical element that is involved in tation of the Ascendant) is a work comprised of a variety of computations related to diurnal prob- eight chapters, dedicated to the determination of lems. It is essentially the difference between the the ascendant (udayalagna or orient ecliptic point), right ascension and the oblique ascension of a and discusses numerous techniques for the same. body measured in time units. At the time of rising, However, as a necessary precursor to determin- the cara gives the time interval taken by a body to ing the ascendant, the text first discusses various traverse between the horizon and the six o’ clock methods to obtain the prāṇakalāntara,2 as well as circle or vice-versa depending upon whether the the cara.
    [Show full text]
  • A Note on Some Sanskrit Manuscripts on Astronomical Instruments
    4.6 A NOTE ON SOME SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS ON ASTRONOMICAL INSTRUMENTS Yukio Ohashi (Visiting Scholar) Dept. of Mathematics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India. (Permanent address: 3-5-26 Hiroo,Shibuya-ku,Tokyo,Japan) INTRODUCTION The earliest astronomical instruments in India are the sarku (gnomon) and the gha%ika (clepsydra). The former is mentioned in the Sulbasutras, and the latter in the Vedafqajyotisa. Aryabhata described a rotating model of the celestial sphere. After Aryabhata, several instru­ ments were described by Varahamihira, Brahmagupta,Lalla, Srlpati, and Bhaskara II. After Bhaskara II, some Sanskrit texts specialized on astronomical instruments were composed. The earliest text of this kind is the Yantra-raja (AD 1370) written by Mahendra Suri. It is also the first text on the astrolabe in Sanskrit. After Mahendra Suri, Padmanabha, Cakradhara, Ganesa-Daivajna etc. composed Sanskrit texts on instruments, but most of them remain unpublished. YANTRA-KIRANAVALI OF PADMANABHA Padmanabha composed the Yantra-kirariavaU or Yantra- ratnavali (ca.AD 1400), of which Chapter II entitled Dhruvabhramaria- adhikara is well known1. The dhruvabhramana-yantra is a rectangular board with a slit to observe the "polar fish" (a group of stars around the North Pole) for finding time. The Tagore Library of Lucknow_University has a unique manuscript of its Chapter I, namely the Yantraraja-adhikara. 2 It consists of 11 6 verses and has a commentary, probably written by its author Padmanabha him­ self . It describes the construction and use of an astrolabe. Padmanabha takes the circumference of the instrument as the diurnal circle of the first point of Cancer, and draws the diurnal circles of the first points of Aries and Capricorn inside.
    [Show full text]
  • Editors Seek the Blessings of Mahasaraswathi
    OM GAM GANAPATHAYE NAMAH I MAHASARASWATHYAI NAMAH Editors seek the blessings of MahaSaraswathi Kamala Shankar (Editor-in-Chief) Laxmikant Joshi Chitra Padmanabhan Madhu Ramesh Padma Chari Arjun I Shankar Srikali Varanasi Haranath Gnana Varsha Narasimhan II Thanks to the Authors Adarsh Ravikumar Omsri Bharat Akshay Ravikumar Prerana Gundu Ashwin Mohan Priyanka Saha Anand Kanakam Pranav Raja Arvind Chari Pratap Prasad Aravind Rajagopalan Pavan Kumar Jonnalagadda Ashneel K Reddy Rohit Ramachandran Chandrashekhar Suresh Rohan Jonnalagadda Divya Lambah Samika S Kikkeri Divya Santhanam Shreesha Suresha Dr. Dharwar Achar Srinivasan Venkatachari Girish Kowligi Srinivas Pyda Gokul Kowligi Sahana Kribakaran Gopi Krishna Sruti Bharat Guruganesh Kotta Sumedh Goutam Vedanthi Harsha Koneru Srinath Nandakumar Hamsa Ramesha Sanjana Srinivas HCCC Y&E Balajyothi class S Srinivasan Kapil Gururangan Saurabh Karmarkar Karthik Gururangan Sneha Koneru Komal Sharma Sadhika Malladi Katyayini Satya Srivishnu Goutam Vedanthi Kaushik Amancherla Saransh Gupta Medha Raman Varsha Narasimhan Mahadeva Iyer Vaishnavi Jonnalagadda M L Swamy Vyleen Maheshwari Reddy Mahith Amancherla Varun Mahadevan Nikky Cherukuthota Vaishnavi Kashyap Narasimham Garudadri III Contents Forword VI Preface VIII Chairman’s Message X President’s Message XI Significance of Maha Kumbhabhishekam XII Acharya Bharadwaja 1 Acharya Kapil 3 Adi Shankara 6 Aryabhatta 9 Bhadrachala Ramadas 11 Bhaskaracharya 13 Bheeshma 15 Brahmagupta Bhillamalacarya 17 Chanakya 19 Charaka 21 Dhruva 25 Draupadi 27 Gargi
    [Show full text]
  • GIPE-043972-Contents.Pdf (1.117Mb)
    REPORT OF THE CALENDAR REFORM I:DMMITTEE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Old Mill Road, • New Delhi. 1955 REPORT OF THE l:llLENDAR REFORM l:OMMITTEE · GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Old Mill Road, New Delhi. 1955 Pub~shed by The Council of Scientific and Industrial Reaearch, Old Mill Road, New Delhi. Printed by Sri Hari Narayan Dey, Sree Gopal Printing Works, 25/IA, Kalidas Singhee Lane,· Calctitta-9. M E S S A G E. I am glad that the Calendar Reform Committee has started its lab~urs. The Government of India has entrusted to it the work of examining the different calendars followed in this country and to submit proposals to the Government for an accurate and uniform calendar based on a scientific study for the whole of India. I am told that we have at present thirty different calendars, differing from each other in various ways, including the methods of time reckoning. These calendars are the natural result of our past political and cultural history an1 partly represent past political divisions in the country. Now that we have attained independence, it is obviously desirable that there should be a certain uniformity in the calendar for our civic, social and other purposes and that this should be based on a scientific approach to this problem. It is true the.t for governmental and many other public p~poses we follow the Gregorian calendar, which is used in the greater part of the world. The mere fact that it is largely used, makes it important.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Indian Mathematics – a Conspectus*
    GENERAL ARTICLE Ancient Indian Mathematics – A Conspectus* S G Dani India has had a long tradition of more than 3000 years of pursuit of Mathematical ideas, starting from the Vedic age. The Sulvasutras (which in- cluded Pythagoras theorem before Pythagoras), the Jain works, the base 10 representation (along with the use of 0), names given to powers of 10 S G Dani is a Distinguished up to 1053, the works of medieval mathematicians Professor at the Tata motivated by astronomical studies, and ¯nally Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai. He the contributions of the Kerala school that came obtained his bachelor’s, strikingly close to modern mathematics, repre- master’s and PhD degrees sent the various levels of intellectual attainment. from the University of Mumbai. His areas of There is now increasing awareness around the world that interest are dynamics and as one of the ancient cultures, India has contributed sub- ergodic theory of flows on stantially to the global scienti¯c development in many homogeneous spaces, spheres, and mathematics has been one of the recognized probability measures on Lie groups areas in this respect. The country has witnessed steady and history of mathematics. mathematical developments over most part of the last He has received 3,000 years, throwing up many interesting mathemati- several awards including cal ideas well ahead of their appearance elsewhere in the the Ramanujan Medal and the world, though at times they lagged behind, especially in TWAS Prize. the recent centuries. Here are some episodes from the fascinating story that forms a rich fabric of the sustained * This is a slightly modified ver- intellectual endeavour.
    [Show full text]