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$TIIDHI$ INDONESIAN.Tournal for Rslamrc Studtes Volume 7

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$TIIDHI$ INDONESIAN.Tournal for Rslamrc Studtes Volume 7 $TIIDHI$ INDONESIAN.TouRNAL FoR rsLAMrc sTUDTES Volume 7. Number 3.2000 ISLAM IN INDONESIAN FOREIGN POLICY: ASSESSING IMPACTS OF ISLAMIC RTVIVNIISIII DURING TUT SOTMRTO ERA Azyumardi Azra At-'AarcIyyAHAND BnSn SuuOn: IOTOTOGITS OF TRANSLATION AND INTERPRETATION AMONG THT MUSI-IIIIS OF WEST JAVA Benjamin G. Zimmer Iru SennCH OF IDENTITY: THE CONTEMPORARY ISMUIC COIIIVIUN IES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA Noorhaidi Hasan rssN 0215-0492 $TUDIA I$I,AIIII(A Vol no,3, 2000 EDITORIAL BOARD: M. Quraish Shihab (IAIN lakarta) Taufik Abdullnh (LIPI lakarta) Nur A. Fadhil Lubis (IAIN Sumatrn Utara) M.C. Ricklefs (Melbourne Uniuersity) Martin aan Bruinessen (Utrecht Uniaersity) John R. Bowen (Washington Uniaersity, St. Louis) M. Atho Mudzhar (IAIN Yogynkarta) M. Kamal Hasan (International Islamic Uniaersity, Kuala Lumpur) EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Azyurnardi Azra EDITORS lohan H. Meuleman Jajat Burhanuddin Fuad Jabali lamhnri Oman Fathrnahman ASSISTANT TO THE EDITORS Heni Nuroni ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR Richard G. Kraince ARABIC LANGUAGE ADVISORS Nursamad COVERDESIGNER . S. Prinka STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 0215-04giZl i, o journal published quarterly by the Center for the Study of Islam and Society (PPIM), IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah, Jnkartn (STT DEPPEN No. 129/SK/DITIEN/PPG/STT/1976) and sponsored by the Department of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia lt specializes in Indonesian Islamic studies, and is intended to communicate original researches nnd current issues on the subject. This journal warmly welcomes contributions from scholars of related disciplines. AII articles published do not necessarily represent the aiews of the journal, or' other ' institutions to which it is ffiIinted. They are solely the rtiews of the authors' The articles contained in this journal haae been refereed by the Board of Editors' SruDIA ISLAMIKA has been accredited by The Ministry of National Education, Republic of Indonesia as an acndemic iournal. Book, Reaiezu Menjadi Pribumi di Negeri Orang: Pergumulan Identitas Masyarakat Arab di Indonesia Natalie Mobini-Kesheh, The Hadrami Auakening Community and Identity in the Netberlands East Indic, 1900-1942, (lthaca: Southeast Asian Program Cornell University, 1999). Abstract: As otber minority groups in Indonesia, the Arab community, especially the Hadramis (Arabs utho comefromYemen), bas akuaysfaced a problem of identity. On the one band, the Hadramis are Arabs zubo cannot be separated from their land of origin, Hadramaut. On the otber hand, they lir.,e and tpork in Indonesia. Some of tbem harse eaen married Indonesians. Thus, tbe consciousness to determine their identity as Hadra- mis or Indonesians has sparked a long discussion zuithin the Arab com- munity in Indonesia. This book presents a discussion of the historical process of boza Arab communities in Indonesia haae dealt witb their identities. Tbe book pri- marily focuses on tbe early 20th century period, zaben Arab communities in Indonesia encountered rapid and fundamental social, cuhural and political change. Modernization in Indonesia, under tbe influence of co- lonialization, changed people's consciousness of tbeir social and political structure zuhicb in turn, ffiaed tbe raay tbey articulated their identities. The concept of nationalism emerged in tbe early 20th century. h raas of- ten interpretrd. by Indonesinn people along etbnic lines, thus accelerating tbe process of defi.ning Arab identity. Tlterefore, since tben Arab communities, as Indonesizn communities as a zuhole, began to be inpolped in the proces of modernization. They established modern organizations such as Jami'at al-Khair and al-Irshad, 163 Studia khnika. VoL 7, No. 3,200A Boob Rniru neuspapers and magazines, rnodern education institutions, and otber actipities designed to adpance Arab communities in Indonesia. It sbould be noted tbat the process of modernization amongArab communities rpas inspired by similar processes utbich occurred in Chinese communities. The writer of the book sltowed some epidence that the basic organizational principles of Jami'atul al-Khair is similar to tbat of organization of a Cbinese organization, The Tiong Hrue Koan [HHK). Arab communities, therefore, defi.ned tbeir identities amid Indone' sia's social andpolitical changes. It is in tbat context tbat the debate about the Hadrami-ness became a sensitipe issue amongtbem. On the one band, they acknoruledged tbat Hadramaut is tbeir motberland as raell as central to their identity. On the otlter band, the social and political changes in Indonesia had inspired thern to redefi.ne their Hadrami-ness. As far as the process of redefining the Hadrami-ness raas concerned, Arab communities had been divided into two organizations, Jami'at al- Kbair and al-Irsbad. These trao organizations bad dffirences in religious orientation that brougbt about differences in religious social practices' Jami'at al-Kbair, establkhed in 1901 represented Arab communities who emphasized more the purity of tbe Prophet's descendants (sayytd) as the primary requirement to be a Hadrami. Therefore, they, the sayyid, con- sidered tbemselpes not only as tbe ones uho had the rigbt to claim the hadrami-ness but also had the right to be respected and honored as descen' dents of the Propbet. Houtetser, Arabs who joined al-Irsbad had different pieuts. Ahhough al-Irshad's members still maintained their Hadrami-ness, tbey rejected the use of tbe sayyid status as the criteria for defi'ning badrami- ness. Seen from the aboae perspective, it can be said that the formulation of identity among tbe Arab comrnunity in Indonesia uas oriented toruard tbe concept of the homeland. Thk cbaracteristic was quite dffirent from other [ndonesian and Malay communities tbat were more ort'ented to- ward the concEt of nation (bangsa). Orienting toutard the homeland, gape an opportunist character to the idmtity of Arab communities in Indonesia. This opportunist character raas strongly rejected by youtb of Arab descents (muwallad). Tbrough an organization establisbed in 1934, Persatoean Arab Indonesia (PAI), these young generations of Arabs saru that the issue of homeland utas a matter of perspectipe, tuhich could change from one place to another, as long as it raas materially advantageous. Hence, these muroalLad of PAI declared that tbey ruere part of the Indone- sian nation. Furthermore, they were of the opinion that Hadramaut raas only the land of their ancestors. Studia klamika, VoL. 7, No. 3,20CQ Book Reaieza Menjadi Pribumi di Negeri Orang: Pergumulan Identitas Masyarakat Arab di Indonesia Natalie Mobini-Kesheh, Tbe Hadrami Arankening Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indie, 1900-19'12, (hhaca: Southeast Asian Program Cornell University, 1999). -f<---;- !*"";;u! a;!r c-,W!r u r^F +1lr or-cu-f t a-\e; :bV oSr^t<- ,+f '.'W + fii il c.r^eyJYl eA\ L-J f*r-/ ,j" .!---*yl1 Q irt-: J**- f^ ,-l :-l- ,Jf cayrbl *'r-t-L g<*'; t'!-:J--hlr .'L---*r-u)! 6-rr ,f fr" JrA ; cdJ: Jl "''up)!r q"t1Jul rrr4 Lt*;t li^ JL"" j. raj"t;* li :^,F f<Ly Jl aypt .f*ry-u! ,J 94; J'r* -.,U'" a4)u'4.A, u lrA )\--bI d f+;lp Jll C.-:--X Jl e-Jl J*-iJ ,)\l.1 .-* i),"rl;\ illl JlJi ;r" ,-k ;f )" aj-a'. c-^)t .--a1 .f4:-e +-rg -^"-V .2 t1\*- )\ 1\ c;tl ;:rt^bl !*-*;J! .:,!r^:lt .:|t o* JL-" .:-^.- q ;Ur- ,:"bl ,-f t Ci -ti !^*r;Jl Jl glt rL..j-)l rL- c;-rJl 4r.Jl .r!t (J4.;j J\< J .^'-tA\ 4v 6:Jta a,-qJl ,J L;,, qil\ ct-Ul-, .rcL'"*!l +U! JIJ\ ti ap; c,q-Lr.lF q**s8!1 C-:.41 4u :.*-,Jt ;r;Jt 4 +4t j .+:lr 4.r-uJ f,e"r, L)-\ j-y u::-:,1-rj!1 a+l-Jl af eF a-11 .:,taL-J'\ c-b)j; cifl o-t-a :L---.i_,1)1 +----*'.+J rJl a-L* c;::--r.!l c-,1^,Lit c.ll-rJ lr:::i; .e^r-r^:lt ,\; * '4'-A\ g e^--Jt Jyt---ri &Jr .r>\Al; ilr-J-l ;rr o):r-o.t-t f+JL"! r"-.11J1; "^-1.rJl lb:ii U1 .9-6--^4 crL--eL-ft 6p t---rt Jl .Jr,i o" SlJi J! 4rLr L-.t:. L^:"yl;! 'r/\ a-lr- g;Jl (--J-Jl ii fJt J-r+l ;f J.L**y-l! '1,65 Studia klanika, Vol. 7, Na 3,200a BookRniru e :.:,L'JIJ1 ,*!1 ,I,u Jl /-r Cl -rAlll &i^{ c>Ul +tr: .&ll C.:11 g;'t-) 4-tJ: (AnggaranDasar) ,6--,alt C-:Al .:.,Ltr:,, i"",1^t!1 .r*U /l +:'+ .(IiongHweKoan) otf q:^ eJr 1.5AJ a."11 q +\*- u) Q -till lj.a Q g"J^ -r,-.r-a 6:Lc! i:-'LeL-J:l c--l.i; i z^z- u)\'bjlj Jf J.r4r 6.,ei iull !$ .f ..rtlrbYt: !r^-*:ii)l C-.+t .:,1-------pL.!l i\;s\ Jl J-r+r Uo Jr ).'z;lt g.-ts.q/Yl ,# 4 6,Jall ui"r^*,1t, ,rcL----^*Yl galt sti,J-U-rJ; .f+t-j^) gaLl U--+;l! ^*lt e -Wt t'rt'l Jl L*-*;l;! 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