Monitoring Report WWF Nepal Gold Standard Biogas Voluntary Emission Reduction (VER) Project

Indicative programme, baseline, and monitoring methodology for Small Scale Biodigester (1.0) Version 3.0

Monitoring Period: 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2008

Prepared by: WWF Nepal Program Baluwatar, Kathmandu Nepal Submitted on 30th March 2010, Resubmitted 06th July 2010 (Post GS two week review) Resubmitted 25th August 2010 (post feedback comments)

Table of Contents Page

1. Introduction 3

2. Description of the Project Activity 3

3. Baseline and Monitoring Period 4

4. Parameters needed to be Monitored 6

5. Monitoring Methodology 25

6. Emission Reduction Calculation 26

7. Explanation to special events 30

1 List of Abbreviations

Abbreviations: AEPC Alternative Energy Promotion Centre ASS After Sales Service BAU Business as usual BSP Biogas Sector Partnership CAR Corrective Action Request CBRP Corridor and Bottleneck Restoration Project CER Certified Emission Reduction CFCC Community Forest Coordination Committee CFUG Community Forest User Group CH4 Methane C/L Cash/Loan CO2 Carbon dioxide CO2e Carbon dioxide equivalent CP Certification Program CL Clarification Request DNA Designated National Authority EIA Environmental Impact Assessment ER Emissions Reductions GHG Greenhouse gas(es) GS Gold Standard HCA Host Country Approval IRR Internal Rate of Returns ISC Initial Stakeholder Consultation MFI MICRO Finance Institutions MoEST Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology MP Monitoring Plan MR Monitoring report MSC Main Stakeholder Consultation NCV Net Calorific Value NRB Non Renewable Biomass ODA Official Development Assistance PA Project Activity PABZ Protected Area and Buffer Zones PDD Project Design Document PE Project Emissions PP Project Proponent QC/QA Quality control/Quality assurance SD Sustainable Development SSC Small Scale TAL Terai Arc Landscape VER Verified Emission Reduction VO Voluntary Offset VVM Validation Verification Manual WWF World Wildlife Fund For Nature

2 1.0 Introduction

WWF Nepal has been working on the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) Program since 2002 in collaboration with several governmental departments and local community‐based organizations to conserve the biodiversity, forests, soils and watersheds of the Terai and Churia hills. The objective is to ensure the ecological, economic and socio‐cultural integrity of the region. Spread over 49,500 sq km, linking 11 trans‐boundary protected areas across Nepal and India, TAL is home to flagship species like the Asiatic wild elephants, rhinos, and tigers. In Nepal, TAL encompasses 23,129 sq km of 14 districts including 75 percent of the remaining forests of lowland Nepal including Churia hills and four protected areas: Suklaphanta Wildlife Reserve, Bardiya National Park, Chitwan National Park and Parsa Wildlife Reserve. This landscape has the second largest population of rhinos and one of the highest densities of tiger populations in the world.

World Wildlife Fund Nepal (WWF) Program, the project proponent, involved in providing a partial grant to households adopting biogas plants within the Terai Arc Landscape (TAL) project area, and credit to purchase systems through microfinance institutions (MFIs). WWF Nepal Program is also engaged in awareness raising and capacity building of local nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) promoting household biogas technology. Biogas Sector Partnership – Nepal (BSP‐Nepal) under its national biogas promotion activities manages the database, checks the quality of the installed plants, ensures after sales services through pre‐qualified companies and manages the subsidy fund.

The operation period started from January 2007 whereas the crediting period starts from 1st July 2007. This is first monitoring reporting being carried out in the context of the verification under the Gold Standard. In lieu with above criteria this monitoring report covers the period from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2008.

2.0 Description of the Project Activity

Under the proposed project activity, the WWF aims to sell carbon credits generated from 7,500 biogas digesters plants installed in the TAL project area, encouraging the use of renewable biogas energy and to replace the heavy consumption of fuel wood specially for household cooking. Another objective of this project is to enable Verified Emission Reductions (VERs) from the project to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by cutting down on the conventionally used fuel sources, mainly fuel wood. Credits from generated emission reductions will be owned by WWF Nepal Program for further expanding the program on biogas.

The project activity reduces greenhouse gas emissions since biogas from bio digesters replaces the consumption of fuel wood. Reduction in the use of unsustainable fuel wood by the proposed project activity, will reduce anthropogenic emissions. Under this program the overall target to install 7,500 biogas plants.

3 Summary of the plants constructed in different districts under project activity

A) Plants constructed and in operation from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007:

Total number of Plants constructed: 1620 plants; REFER TO ANNEX 1 A

B) Plants constructed and in operation from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008:

Total Number of Plants constructed: 1065 plants; REFER TO ANNEX 1 B

2.1 Types of Project Activity

Renewable Energy

2.2 Technology of the Project Activity

The biogas plants constructed under this project activity provides fuel in the form of thermal energy. The use of biogas digester plants displaces non‐renewable biomass (firewood) and/or fossil fuel. In Nepal, the fixed dome design, called GGC 2047 model, which was designed and developed in the country, is most popular. This model is considered to be reliable, well functioning, simple to operate, durable and having low maintenance cost. This project will utilize the GGC 2047 model biogas digester.

The biogas plants are based on a uniform technical design and are manufactured and installed following technical standards established for the Nepal. The households feed cattle dung, specific to capacity of the plant, mixed in equal volume with water into the biogas plant, which through anaerobic digestion produces biogas. Besides, toilet too is attached to the plant leading to cleaner sanitation in the surrounding neighbourhood. The retention time of the feed material in the tank is around 3 months. This long period is to ensure the removal pathogens that may be present in the human faeces. . 2.3 Project Commissioning

Biogas plants commissioned immediately after construction with initial feeding of the plants with a specified amount of cattle dung mixed with water. Feeding of the feed material is done on a daily basis for regular gas generation to make gas available for cooking.

3.0 Baseline and Monitoring Period

It is mentioned in the PDD that the option used for determination of baseline emissions is “pre‐project” which is Baseline Option 1. (Refer to PDD Page 14).

In many developing countries the level of energy service is not sufficient to meet human development needs due to lack of financial means and/or access to modern energy infrastructure. The methodology proposes different options for the baseline calculation

4 depending on whether the project activity is implemented under a situation where energy services provided are sufficient or insufficient to meet the needs of stakeholders.

According to the methodology, the baseline emissions caused by the consumption of fuel for thermal energy demand can be determined in three separate ways:

1. Pre‐project situation 2. Project level energy service demand using a fossil fuel and appliance as in situation with satisfied demand 3. Satisfied demand with fossil fuel mix and technology different from pre‐project

The below table summarises the approach considered for each of the baseline options.

Table B.1.1: Overview of baseline options Baseline option Level of Fuel Approach for data gathering consumption technology 1: Pre‐project Pre‐project Pre‐project Questionnaire among households situation situation 2: Project level energy Project level Technologies Questionnaire among households with service demand with using fossil a higher standard of living outside the fossil fuel (and/or fuel/s and/or project boundary, to assess type of fuel charcoal) technology charcoal (one and technology. or more of Questionnaire among households charcoal, LPG, using biogas to estimate level of fuel electricity, consumption. coal, kerosene, etc.) 3: Satisfied demand Satisfied Satisfied Questionnaire among households with with different fuel mix demand demand (from a higher standard of living outside the and/or technology as one or more project boundary to assess type and pre‐project fossil fuels level of demand for cooking and space such as LPG, heating services. diesel, Apply model to assess satisfied electricity, demand for heating. coal, kerosene, etc.)

In case of this project, the baseline scenario 1: pre‐project situation has been selected under suppressed demand. Households in the project area use biomass for their cooking need. The biomass used is in unsustainable manner. In comparison with other two baseline options this option is most appropriate for this project.

The other two options have been omitted because of the following reasons.

5 Baseline option 2: project level energy service demand using a fossil fuel and appliance as in situation with satisfied demand

"Satisfied demand” is the situation where suppressed demand is satisfied through an increase in energy use (i.e. from an accessible and/or more affordable energy source). Since in Nepal, the level of energy service is not sufficient to meet human development needs due to lack of financial means and/or access to modern energy infrastructure, this baseline option is not appropriate for this project. All proposed biodigesters will be installed with subsidy, since the income of the households is low.

Baseline Option 3: baseline emission from a situation with satisfied demand for type of fuel and technology and level of energy service demand.

Due to the low economic status of the targeted households in the project are all the biogas plants to be installed will be subsidised. In the absesse of the proposed project the households will continue to use biomass for their cooking need. Hence the hypothetical use of fossil fuel as base line is not appropriate for this project.

Procedure for selection of the most plausible baseline scenario The baseline scenario is one of the following options: a. The situation before implementation of the biodigesters (i.e. pre‐project situation). b. The situation where fossil fuels are used to meet energy service needs (even if they are not currently being used).

The situation before the implementation of the biogas plant is considered as most plausible baseline scenario. The use of fossil fuel seems to be neligible which has been supported by the baseline study as well. Hence the situation of use of fossil fuel is rulled out.

The proposed monitoring system for a similar project already exists within BSP–Nepal, which is responsible for implementing the monitoring plan under this project activity. BSP‐Nepal has prepared the BSP‐Nepal Quality Control (QC) Manual that describes the process and the ISO clauses for the core business quality control.

The present monitoring period extends from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2008

4.0 Parameters needed to be Monitored

1. Project Area: The project area of the 9 districts is 19,361.78km2; (source is from WWF GIS Unit)

S. No District Ha km2 1 Kanchanpur 162182 1621.82 2 Kailali 329300 3293.00 3 Bardiya 200352 2003.52 4 Banke 188226 1882.26 5 Dang 300341 3003.41 6 Palpa 146190 1461.90

6 7 Chitwan 223972 2239.72 8 Makawanpur 244967 2449.67 9 Parsa 140648 1406.48 Total 1936178 19361.78

Data / Parameter: ID 1 / Areai Data unit: km2 19361.78 Description: Project area Source of data: Project participant Measurement Five climatic zones in Nepal based on altitude: the tropical and subtropical zone of below 1,200 meters in altitude; the cool, temperate zone of 1,200 to 2,400 meters in altitude; the cold zone of 2,400 to 3,600 meters in altitude; the sub arctic climatic zone of 3,600 to 4,400 meters in altitude; and the arctic zone above 4,400 meters in altitude. The Gold Standard Biogas VER project is implemented in the Terai or plains of Nepal and falls in the tropical and subtropical zone procedures (if any): WWF Nepal has a GIS unit with authentic data on maps. The total area is derived from the administrative boundary of the maps using ARC GIS software. Monitoring frequency: Once QA/QC procedures: This data is authentic as it is obtained from the Department of Survey, Nepal Any comment: Map of the area is attached separately

2. Number of households in the baseline sample group ‐ nbl:

Data / Parameter: ID 2 / nbl Data unit: [‐ ] 395 Description: Number of households in baseline sample group Source of data: Project participant Measurement Sampling Method described in the PDD procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Once during making the PDD QA/QC procedures: Any comment: This sample size was a statistically appropriate.

3. Number of households in project sample group npj :

84 samples were monitored in 2008 out of 1620 households that had biogas plants operational from 1st of January 2007 to 31st December 2007 based on random sampling. 84 samples is more than the 5% sample size and and also more than 60

Data / Parameter: ID 3 / npj Data unit: [‐ ] 84 Description: Number of households in project sample group Source of data: Project participant Measurement QC and monitoring of plants done by BSP Nepal in 2008 procedures (if any):

7 Monitoring frequency: Annually 5% of the plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 QA/QC procedures: Refer to BSP Nepal Quality Control Systems of Biogas Plants Any comment: (QC and monitoring of Plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007) credited for 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007

97 samples were monitored in 2009 out of 1620 households that had biogas plants operational from 1st of January 2007 to 31st December 2007 based on random sampling. 97 samples is more than the 5% sample size and also more than 60.

Data / Parameter: ID 3 / npj Data unit: [‐ ] 97 Description: Number of households in project sample group Source of data: Project participant Measurement QC and monitoring of plants done by BSP Nepal in 2009 procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually 5% of the plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 QA/QC procedures: Refer to BSP Nepal Quality Control Systems of Biogas Plants Any comment: (QC and monitoring of Plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007) credited for 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008

63 samples were monitored in 2009 out of 1065 households that had biogas plants operational from 1st of July 2007 to 30th June 2008 based on random sampling. 63 samples is more than the 5% sample size and and also more than 60.

Data / Parameter: ID 3 / npj Data unit: [‐ ] 63 Description: Number of households in project sample group Source of data: Project participant Measurement QC and monitoring of plants done by BSP Nepal procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually 5% of the plants operational from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008 QA/QC procedures: Refer to BSP Nepal Quality Control Systems of Biogas Plants Any comment: (QC and monitoring of Plants operational from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008) credited for 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008

4. Total number of households participating in the programme in year y nhh.y

Data / Parameter: ID 5 / nhh.y for 2007 and 2008 Data unit: [‐ ] 1620 Total number of households participating in the programme for crediting Description: period 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007 and from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008 Source of data: Project participant All households’ details need to be included in a database. The number of Measurement households should be derived from this database. procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually BSP Nepal will maintain the database. AEPC will release the subsidy to the QA/QC procedures: beneficiaries of plants constructed

8 Any comment:

Data / Parameter: ID 5 / nhh.y for 2008 Data unit: [‐ ] 1065 Total number of households participating in the programme for crediting Description: period 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008 Source of data: Project participant Measurement All households’ details need to be included in a database. The number of procedures (if any): households should be derived from this database. Monitoring frequency: Annually BSP Nepal will maintain the database. AEPC will release the subsidy to the QA/QC procedures: beneficiaries of plants constructed Any comment:

5 Amount of fuel i consumption in the baseline in baseline: Fi,bl1

Data / Parameter: ID 6 / Fi,bl1 Data unit: kg or m3 24908000.00kg/year Description: amount of fuel i consumption in the baseline in baseline option 1

Source of data: survey Measurement Winrock International conducted the survey procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Once during making PDD QA/QC procedures: Any comment: Please refer to the table below for the fuel consumption in baseline. Fuel wood is considered as reasoned in the PDD

The fuel consumption pattern in the baseline survey was

Total Average Quantity Source of energy Quantity No. of HH per household per Per month month Fire wood (Kg) 109,704 395 278 Agriculture residue (Kg) 41 3 13 Fodder residue (Kg) 3,420 131 26 Dried animal dung (Kg) 310 15 20 Kerosene (Lt) 5 1 5 Cooking gas (Kg) 114 14 8

Since fuel wood was the major source of cooking energy, the Amount of fuel i consumption in the baseline in baseline: Fi,bl1 is 24908.00 tonnes per year.

Fi,bl1 = Average fuel wood consumption/HH in baseline survey* 7500 HH Fi,bl1 = 3.321*7500= 24,908.00 tonnes per year

6. Amount of fuel i consumption in the project in the year: Fi,ypj

Data / Parameter: ID 8 / Fi,y, pj Data unit: kg or m3 256,933.29kg Description: amount of fuel I (fuel wood) consumption in the project in year 2007

Source of data: survey Measurement As per QC done by BSP Nepal procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures: Refer to BSP Nepal Quality Control Systems of Biogas Plants Any comment: BSP Nepal will take survey this within the 5% sample size based on random sampling

Data / Parameter: ID 8 / Fi,y, pj Data unit: kg or m3 469382.47+200,532.748=669, 915.21 Description: amount of fuel I (fuel wood) consumption in the project in year 2008

7. Annual biomass increment on the project areai: I

Data / Parameter: ID 9 / I Data unit: 62,335.00 tons/year Description: Annual biomass increment on the project areai. Source of data: Obtained from field surveys or a GIS This data is taken as no new data has been made available from the Measurement publications from the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: QA/QC procedures: Any comment: No new surveys made. New data will be used if available.This was clarified in the 6‐week report period. If new data is available it will be used in the coming crediting periods

8. Annual biomass harvest in the project area i: H

Data / Parameter: ID 10 / H Data unit: 478,257.00 tons/year Description: Annual biomass harvest on the project areai.

10 Source of data: Obtained from field surveys or a GIS This data is taken as no new data has been made available from the Measurement publications from the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: QA/QC procedures: Any comment: No new surveys made. New data will be used if available. WWF plans to purchase images, but this takes time to work on the images. This was clarified in the 6‐week report period. If new data is available it will be used in the coming crediting periods

9. Fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio‐digester, S in climate region k: MS(T,S,k):

Data / Parameter: ID 11/ MS(T,S,k) Data unit: [‐ ] 89.82% Description: fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio‐digester, S in climate region k Source of data: survey Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% QC and monitoring sampling. This was the data obtained when plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 were sampled in 2008

Data / Parameter: ID 11/ MS(T,S,k) Data unit: [‐ ] 93.92%% Description: fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio‐digester, S in climate region k Source of data: survey Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures: Any comment: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% QC and monitoring sampling. This was the data obtained when plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 were sampled in 2009

Data / Parameter: ID 11/ MS(T,S,k) Data unit: [‐ ] 61.79% Description: fraction of livestock category T's manure fed into the bio‐digester, S in climate region k Source of data: survey Measurement procedures (if any):

11 Monitoring frequency: Annually QA/QC procedures: Any comment: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% QC and monitoring sampling. This was the data obtained when plants operational from 1st June 2007 to 30th June 2008were sampled in 2009

10. Physical Leakage of the bio‐digester: PL

Data / Parameter: ID 12 / PL Data unit: [‐ ] 10% Description: Physical Leakage of the biodigester

Source of data: Survey or other measuring method, default values of 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories is 10%. Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: QA/QC procedures: Any comment: IPCC values taken

11. Number of life stock of category K: LC

Data / Parameter: ID 13 / LC Data unit: [‐ ] 2.98/household Description: Number of life stock of category K

Source of data: Survey. Measurement procedures (if any): Monitoring frequency: QA/QC procedures: Any comment: Done through the questionnaire survey by BSP Nepal during the 5% sampling. This was the data obtained when plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June were sampled in 2008

Data / Parameter: ID 13 / LC Data unit: [‐ ] 3.17/household Description: Number of life stock of category K

12 Data / Parameter: ID 13 / LC Data unit: [‐ ] 2.61/household Description: Number of life stock of category K

12. Sales registration/Monitoring: (Sustainability Indicator)

The numbers of biogas plants that have been constructed are initially entered into the data base at BSP Nepal and only after the data is entered, the subsidy amount is disbursed. The number of plants constructed can them be obtained from the data base in with BSP Nepal.

Sustainability Indicator: a. The registration of the biogas plant indicates that a household is shifting from the use of non renewable biomass to renewable energy thus reducing pressure from the forest and minimizing the emission of greenhouse gases for cleaner environment. This supports the management and conservation of natural resources

b. On monitoring the biogas plants it has been found that the operational percentage of the plants is more than 97% which is a sustainability indicator for energy access to people living in the rural areas.

c. Moreover with the registration of the plants help keep track of companies involved in the construction of the biogas plants. The registration and monitoring mechanism helps maintain the quality of the plants. The manufacturing companies are either rewarded or punished based on their performance to install biogas digesters. Thus the rewarding incentive urges the companies to construct better quality plants and refrain from bad quality plants. This enhances the reliability of the systems from the early stages of construction itself. 13. Performance Monitoring:

Outcome of the plants monitored are as follows:

Quality control of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007: Monitored in 2008

Refer Excel Sheet QC in 2008 of plants construted from 1st Jan 2007 to 30th June 2007.xls

Quality control of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007: Monitored in 2009

Refer Excel Sheet

13 QC in 2009 of plants constructed in 1st jan 2007 to 30th June2007 and1st July 2008 to 30th June 2008.xls

Quality control of plants operational from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008: Monitored in 2009

Refer Excel Sheet QC in 2009 of plants constructed in 1st jan 2007 to 30th June2007 and1st July 2008 to 30th June 2008.xls

14. Jobs Created (Sustainability Indicator)

Sustainability Indicator: a. The increase in the number of employment created in the biogas sector is indicative of the potentials of addressing increase in the demand of the biogas in future. Besides, the sector is also creating a forum for employment generation. This factor enables the up‐scaling of the program without burdening on limited human resources but expanding local capability to undertake the task. b. There are more than 63 biogas companies, thus there are opportunities to work in the best company/companies as skilled masons, supervisors as well as project managers and administration.

14 Data of Employment in 2007 under WWF Nepal Gold Standard Biogas VER Project: (Source BSP Nepal)

Year Company Mason Supervisor Office Manager Company Representative 2007 ANB 2 1 1 1 2007 BBI 31 12 5 3 2007 BCE 9 7 2 2 2007 BRI 1 1 2 1 2007 DUV 3 1 2 1 2007 GGC 38 14 13 1 2007 GPC 37 14 8 2 2007 HED 5 1 0 1 2007 JGG 1 3 0 2 2007 LEC 6 8 4 8 2007 NDP 3 1 0 1 2007 NKG 3 2 2 2 2007 PDG 13 3 2 1 2007 PGC 5 3 1 2 2007 RAP 9 2 1 1 2007 RGG 25 12 9 4 2007 SPG 15 9 3 1 2007 TGG 5 3 2 1 Total 211 97 57 35 400

15 Data of Employment in 2008 under WWF Nepal Gold Standard Biogas VER Project: (Source BSP Nepal)

Year Company Mason Supervisor Office Manager Company Representative 2008 ANB 2 1 1 1 2008 BBI 24 10 7 3 2008 BCE 7 3 1 1 2008 BRI 2 1 1 1 2008 BUB 1 1 1 1 2008 DUV 4 4 1 1 2008 GGC 38 20 10 6 2008 GPC 29 10 9 2 2008 HED 3 1 0 1 2008 HTC 2 1 1 1 2008 LEC 6 7 4 5 2008 MSG 2 1 0 1 2008 NDP 8 1 3 1 2008 NKG 6 3 4 2 2008 PDG 7 2 1 1 2008 PGC 10 7 5 1 2008 RAN 2 2 1 2 2008 RAP 9 3 2 2 2008 RGG 24 15 7 5 2008 SGG 2 2 1 1 2008 SPG 12 8 2 1 2008 TGG 6 6 2 2 206 109 64 42 421

15. Time Saved by households (Sustainability Indicator)

Time saved by household in 2007: About 220 minutes/day after installing biogas plants: Source: Biogas User’s Survey of Biogas Systems: 2007 (pg 8 section 4.5)

Time saved by household in 2008: About 2hrs 42 minutes/day in summer and 1 hour 6 minutes in winter after installing biogas plants: Source: Biogas User’s Survey of Biogas Systems: 2008 (pg 17 section 4.3)

Sustainability Indicator:

a. The increased time saved from collection of fuel wood will allow the beneficiaries to be either involved in other income generation activities or devote more time to farming which could be source of income generation and or also spend time quality time with their family and household chores and cater to entertainment or information by watching TV provided electricity is available in the village. This enables livelihood enhancement and reduced dependence on the public resources.

16. Toilets Constructed (Sustainability Indicator)

Total number of toilets constructed in 2007: 1620 Total Number of toilets constructed in 2008: 1065 (Reference: ASS Reports)

Sustainability Indicator:

a. The construction of toilets ensures improved sanitation and hygiene. This technology has integrated approach with benefits of positive impact health and thereby self esteem.

17. People Trained (Sustainability Indicator)

Sustainability Indicator:

a. Users’ Training is an inherent component of the program. The users of the technology are trained on the operation, maintenance as well as minor repairing of the system. The users are also trained on the uses of the slurry for increased agricultural. This emphasizes on the longetivity of the technology such that the users are prevented from having to fall back on the use of fuel wood even when system is non‐operation due to minor problems. Increased agri‐production with the use of slurry as manure ensures food security and reduction in the use of chemical fertilizers. All in the entire project reflects the closed loop nature of the development components covering food, energy and health. b. Trainings are also organized for new masons, supervisors as well as upgrading the existing masons and supervisors.

Biogas: Close Loop Development

Biogas: Close Loop Development WATER

PEOPLE FOOD URINE + ANIMAL DUNG+HUMAN FAECES

BIOGAS DIGESTER

CROPS SAFE FERTILISER SOIL

Crucial Link

Year: 2007: Summary of Trainings (Source: Progress Report WWF 2007; Pg 6 Submitted by BSP Nepal)

Particulars No. of Trainings No. of Pax Technical training New Mason Training –Central Kailali 1 40 New Mason Training –Central Chitwan 1 40 Supervisor Training – Far Western Region 1 40 Gender Training – Central Region 1 30 Management Training Business Management Training to Biogas 1 30 Companies – Far West Promotion Training for Users Biogas Orientation to users 2 250

Year: 2008: Summary of Trainings (Source: Progress Report WWF 2008; Pg 3, 4 Submitted by BSP Nepal) Number of Persons Trained under Different Disciplinary

Particulars No. of Trainings No. of Pax Grant Total Technical training New Mason Training –Dhangadi 2 43 82 New Mason Training – Kohalpur 1 39 Supervisor Training – Dhangadi 1 36 51 Supervisor Training – Kohalpur 1 15 Management Training Business Management Training to 1 33 33 Branch Managers – Banke Grand Total 166

Number of Persons Trained under Different Disciplinary (continued)

Particulars No. of Trainings No. of Pax Promotion Training for Users Biogas Orientation to users – Baliya, Kailali 1 29 Biogas Orientation to users – Basauti, Kailali, 1 26 Biogas Orientation to users – Khailad, Kailali 1 34 Biogas Orientation to users – Baishey Bichua, Kanchanpur 1 34 Biogas Orientation to users – Pipaladi, Kanchanpur 1 30 Biogas Orientation to users, Gadariya, Kailali 1 29 Biogas Orientation to users – Beladevipur, Kailali 1 28 Biogas Orientation to users – Dodhodharar, Kailali 1 31 Biogas Orientation to users – Chaumala, Kailali 1 38 Biogas Orientation to users‐ Jogbuda, Dadeldhura 1 32 Grand Total 311

18 18. Human Resources trained from MFI’s, CFCC trained (Sustainable Indicator)

Total number of people trained 2007: 2043 Source WWF Reports Total number of people trained 2008: 1455 Source WWF Reports

Trainings organized by Terai Arc Landscape Project (TAL)/ WWF in TAL CBRP (Corridor and Bottleneck Restoration Project) in 2006/2007

SUMMARY OF TRAININGS TAL‐CBRP 2006‐2007 Date Male Female Training For Venue Total from to Dalit Indig Others Dalit Indig Others 30‐Mar‐ 1‐Apr‐ Accounts Savings Groups Bhajani CFCC 0 0 0 3 27 6 36 07 07 21‐May‐ 22‐May‐ Good Governance CFs Masuriya 3 10 3 3 13 4 36 07 07 7‐Jun‐ Good Governance CFs Hasuliya 9‐Jun‐07 0 26 0 1 9 0 36 07 8‐Apr‐ 10‐Apr‐ Accounts Bhajani CFs Bhajani CFCC 0 22 2 1 4 2 31 07 07 5‐May‐ 6‐May‐ Good Governance CFs Pahalmanpur 1 8 10 0 4 5 28 07 07 Satbariya, New field based 11‐Mar‐ 12‐Mar‐ Forest management 0 14 8 0 2 6 30 CFs by DFO Dang 07 07 5CFs, Dovan by CF Management Jhumsa 1‐Jul‐07 4‐Jul‐07 2 15 3 20 DFO Bulbule rani 25‐Jun‐ 28‐Jun‐ CF Management 2CFs CF, 2 10 14 0 4 1 31 07 07 Pahalmanpur 1‐Dec‐ 1‐May‐ Field based accounts CFs of Narti Lamahi 1 18 16 0 5 5 45 06 07 Cooperative management and Bhajani 3‐May‐ 5‐May‐ Bhajani CFCC 2 14 10 1 3 0 30 operation cooperative 07 07

19 members

Masuriya, Cooperative management and 14‐May‐ 16‐May‐ Pahalmanpur, Pahalmanpur 3 14 6 3 5 6 37 operation 07 07 Ghodaghodi Cooperative management and Mahadevpuri 0 operation Cooperative management and 7‐Jun‐ Hasuliya Hasuliya 9‐Jun‐07 1 21 0 0 7 0 29 operation 07 Baijnath CFCCs of Kailali & Engineering 1‐Sep‐ 1‐Nov‐ Technical training 0 20 10 0 0 0 30 Kanchanpur College, 06 07 Kanchanpur Total 46 395 290 42 186 150 1109

Trainings organized by Terai Arc Landscape Project/ WWF in TAL PABZ (Protected Area and Buffer Zone) in 2006/2007

Total Total Participant DAG Indigenous Others SN Name of Training Organizer Location Event Days Female Male Female Male Female Male Female Male Account Keeping 1 Training Betkot BZUC Suda 1 3 20 12 32 2 1 1 0 17 11 Account Keeping 2 Training Trishakti BZUC Pipladi 1 3 17 3 20 0 0 4 2 13 1 Account Keeping 3 Training Sundevi BZUC Jhalari 1 3 9 11 20 1 0 0 0 8 11 Account keeping 4 Training Babai BZUC Babai UC 1 3 6 8 14 0 0 2 5 4 3 Account Keeping Bhada BZUC, 5 Training Bhada BZUC Katernia 1 3 9 19 28 0 1 4 13 5 5 6 Account keeping Thakurbaba Thakurdwara 2 2 18 31 49 2 1 8 13 8 17

20 training BZUC CF Management Dangpur, karelia 10 training Karelia BZUC UC 2 2 24 42 66 2 2 9 19 13 21 cooperative mgmt Sriramnagar Nulapur BZ co‐ 14 training BZUC oper. 1 3 4 12 16 0 0 2 4 2 8 Cooperative mgmt Suryapatuwa Shiva 59 102 15 training BZUC Cooperative 1 2 161 3 2 27 80 29 20 Co‐operative Bhada BZUC, 18 25 16 orientation program Bhada BZUC Katernia 1 1 43 0 1 11 16 7 8 22 Forest mgmt training Babai BZUC Babai UC 1 3 0 Suryapatuwa Suryapatuwa 6 17 23 Forest mgmt training BZUC 1 3 23 0 0 5 9 1 8 Group Management Bhada BZUC, 25 Training Bhada BZUC Katernia 1 3 28 0 28 0 0 22 0 6 0 Group mgmt and account keeping Sriramnagar all UG of 26 Training BZUC Sriramnagar UC 1 5 18 15 33 0 2 8 6 10 7 27 Group Mgmt training Betkot BZUC Daigee/suda 1 3 10 9 19 4 1 0 0 6 8 Group Mobilisation 29 Training Betkot BZUC Daigee/suda 2 3 33 13 46 1 1 4 1 28 11 Group Mobilisation 30 Training Trishakti BZUC Pipladi 1 3 10 14 24 1 1 2 7 7 6 Group Mobilisation 31 Training Sundevi BZUC Jhalari 3 3 45 31 76 0 6 3 5 42 20 Group mobilisation 32 Training Karelia BZUC All UG of UC 1 3 35 29 64 5 0 14 20 16 9 Laghu uddham Bikas Samaj Sewa Bhurigaun 28 9 24 8 0 1 1 3 33 talim Sangh 1 5 37 34 Leadership training Babai BZUC Babai UC 1 3 8 13 21 0 0 2 9 6 4 Suryapatuwa Suryapatuwa 16 9 0 0 9 5 7 4 35 Leadership Training BZUC 1 3 25 36 Leadership Training Thakurbaba Thakurdwara 3 2 43 46 89 4 0 23 24 16 22

21 BZUC Total 464 470 934 49 27 160 239 252 207

Trainings conducted in 2008

TAL CBRP

District Activities/Trainings Total Participants Male Female

Kailali Account keeping Training 182 112 70 Bardiya Account keeping Training 33 28 5 Banke Account keeping Training 26 18 8 Palpa Account keeping Training 53 18 35 Kailali Cooperative Management training 214 144 70 Bardiya Cooperative Management training 32 29 3 Banke Cooperative Management training 18 13 5 Dang Cooperative Management training 38 31 7 Palpa Cooperative Management training 37 30 7 Kailali Forest Management training 127 55 72 Kailali Cooperative Orientation 312 246 66 Palpa Cooperative Orientation 37 30 7 Bardiya Cooperative Orientation 32 26 6 Banke Cooperative Orientation 18 13 5 Total 1159 793 366

TAL PABZ trainings District Activities Total Participants Male Female

Makawanpur Technical capacity building training 37 26 11

Makawanpur Technical capacity building training 49 29 20

Makawanpur Technical capacity building training 52 22 30 Account Keeping & Ins. Dev training 7 3 Parsa 10 Account Keeping & Ins. Dev training 24 7 Makawanpur 31

Makawanpur Insti. Dev Training 24 15 9

Makawanpur Insti. Dev Training 80 30 50

Makawanpur Account Keeping & Ins. Dev training 13 8 5

Total 296 161 135

Sustainability Indicator:

a. The training cum capacity building program will enable the locals to build technological self reliance. They will be able to better their skills in fund management and the marketing of the biogas plants.

23 Description of the measurement procedures for the SD indicators, trainings provided as well as number of jobs created:

A measurement procedure for the sustainability indicators is that if the biogas technology starts facing technical problems and are not maintained rendering more than 97% of biogas plants not being functional due to lack of technical expertise.

With the trainings and awareness programs conducted; if the demand of the biogas plants does not increase this could be a failure of the trainings provided; oe otherwise the biogas is replaced with a new renewable technology that is affordable and feasible in Nepal

With the demand of the biogas plants, the employment also increases to some degree. If there is no slight increase in employment or it is not stable and there is a great decrease in the number of people employed. This means that this renewable energy sector is no more in demand.

19. Number of plants MFIs financed through CFCC (Sustainable indicator)

Financing Mechanism in 2007

Total number of plants constructed through loan financing: 739 plants Total number of plants constructed through self financing: 881 plants

Financing Mechanism in 2008

Total number of plants constructed through loan financing: 334 plants Total number of plants constructed through self financing: 731 plants

Sustainable indicator: a. The fact that people either construct the biogas through their own funds or take loans helps to create a degree of ownership among the users. The funds that are taken as loans revolve back to the CFCC/MFIs (Community Forest Coordination Committee/ Micro Finance Institutions) which can be used for the future maintenance of the biogas plants or once all the 7500 biogas plants are constructed the CFCC/MFIs can use the funds for the development activities of the area. This training and fund mobilizations helps creating not only technology ownership amongst the beneficiaries but also enabling the remaining households in the community to access the funds in the development process.

20. Others:

Sustainability Indicator:

Water:

a. There is no pollution of water through the use of biogas. Water is mixed with dung to generate CH4 which is burned and used for cooking. The slurry that comes out is drained to the agricultural fields where there is no source of water.

Air:

a. Air is not polluted with smell as the gas generated from the biogas is odourless. b. The use of biogas minimizes indoor pollution which then has positive health benefits.

Soil:

a. The slurry that comes out of the digester can be used as an organic fertilizer in the agricultural yield which increases productivity of the agro‐based products and vegetables as well. This also helps to maintain a nutrient balance of the soil.

Biodiversity:

a. Pressure in the forest is reduced as people will not have to go in search of fuel wood for daily cooking; which sends positive vibes for biodiversity conservation.

Thus overall the technology and the inbuilt development components ensure cleaner environment and conservation of natural resources.

5.0 Monitoring Methodology

Presently, two separate CDM Project Activities for household biogas are ongoing under Alternative Energy Promotion Centre. BSP‐Nepal is the field implementing agency of these two activities. Therefore, there is already an established monitoring methodology and all elements proposed in the methodology are in line with the existing methodology, thus ensuring quality in implementing the monitoring plan.

Roles and responsibilities for monitoring procedures:

BSP Nepal is responsible for supervising the construction of plants and to maintain the database. Since 100% sampling is not possible for quality control and monitoring; BSP Nepal selects 5% of the plants constructed but exceeding a minimum of 60 plants under the WWF Nepal Gold Standard Biogas Project within a given period based on random sampling (done by the oracle software) for quality monitoring. The random samples of the biogas plants derived from the software are then surveyed.

Just to verify the quality control of the plants constructed, BSP Nepal also ensures a 100% After Sales Service (ASS) of the plants. 5% sampling of the plants exceeding a minimum of 60 samples are randomly chosen by the software are selected for QC and monitoring.

The purpose of regular quality control and monitoring is to verify the quality and performance of the biogas plants and after sales services of the company. The newly constructed plants are inspected from construction quality and operational performance perspective.

Refer to : Quality Control of Biogas Plants

Obtaining of data, data handling, processing and storage:

BSP Nepal is responsible for collecting all the data from the field right from the construction of the plants to it after sales service and quality control. The raw data obtained from the field in the form of surveys and questionnaires through trained personnel’s working for BSP Nepal during After Sales Service and Quality control are brought to the BSP Nepal from the field are entered into the

25 computer and run using the Oracle software. The oracle software can convert the Bikram Sambat (B.S.) dates to Anni Dommini (AD) as well.

The data is entered into the computer by a person hired for entering data in the computer. A person also heads the database unit and the data entered is crosschecked. The raw data is then kept at BSP Nepal’s premises and not thrown away. The data entered can be extracted to in both excel and or word formats.

When processing the data for calculations; WWF Nepal asks BSP Nepal for the necessary data the format it is required. WWF Nepal in technical assistance with Winrock then does the calculations and prepares the Monitoring Report for the said period. All the data raw are stored in BSP Nepal’s premises and in the computer as well. BSP Nepal also has a back up system of all the data entered.

Once the project is verified and the credits issued this information a copy of the final MR is submitted WWF Nepal to Ministry of Environment, Alternative Energy Promotion Centre and BSP‐ Nepal. This data is then stored with WWF Nepal and BSP Nepal.

6.0 Emission Reduction Calculation

Exante‐ values

15.6 TJ/Gg = 15.6 TJ/Giga gram Table 1.2 IPCC = 0.0156 TJ/ tonnes NCV I ‐ firewood 0.0156 TJ/ton 2006 (Gg=1000 tonnes) Table 1.4 IPCC EF CO2‐ firewood 112.00 ton CO2/TJ 2006 112000 kg/TJ = 112 ton/TJ

Annual CH4 emission factor for livestock category T, (tCH4 animal‐1 yr‐ EFT 5 (kgCH4 animal‐1 yr‐1) 1). Physical Leakage of the bio‐digester in PL 10% year y (%). Combustion efficiency of the most ηbiogastove 43.80% commonly used type of biogas stove.

Operational Plants: 97%

26 1. ER Calculation of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 for crediting period 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007

The total number of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 were credited from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007 (365/2) days

Random Sampling was done using the Oracle software so as to obtain at least 5% samples or more than 60 samples. The samples were then monitored and with the data the calculations were done as follows:

84 samples of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 monitored in 2009

Refer to the excel sheet for detailed calculations:

1. Emission Reduction from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007.xls

Total Baseline Emissions 4,203 ton CO2 from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007

Total Project Emission 1075 ton CO2from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007

Emission Reduction 3128 ton CO2from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007

Emission Reduction Considering 97% operational plants (A) 3034.56 ton CO2from 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2007

2. ER Calculation of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 for crediting period 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008

The total number of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 credited from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008 (365) days

27 Random Sampling was done using the Oracle software so as to obtain at least 5% samples or more than 60 samples. The samples were then monitored and with the data the calculations were done as follows: 97 samples of plants operational from 1st January 2007 to 30th June 2007 monitored in 2009

Refer to the excel sheet for detailed calculations:

2. Emission Reduction from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008.xls

Total Baseline Emissions 8,440 ton CO2 from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008

Total Project Emission 1215 ton CO2 from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008

Emission Reduction 7,225 ton CO2 from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008

Emission Reduction Considering 97% operational plants (B) 7008.28 ton CO2 from 1st January 2008 to 31st December 2008

3. ER Calculation of plants operational from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008 for crediting period 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008

The total number of plants operational from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008 credited from 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008 (365/2) days

63 samples of plants operational from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008 monitored in 2009

Refer to the excel sheet for detailed calculations:

3. Emission Reduction from 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008.xls

Total Baseline Emissions 2,687 ton CO2 from 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008

Total Project Emission 541 ton CO2 from 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008

Emission Reduction 2147 ton CO2 from 1st July 2008 to 31st December 2008

TOTAL EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS

ER Considering 97% operational plants (A) + ER Considering 97% operational plants (B) + ER Considering 97% operational plants (C)

= 3034.56 + 7008.28 + 2082.21 = 12125.05 tons of CO2 eq for crediting period 1st July 2007 to 31st December 2008

Year Wise Emission Reduction: Emissions Reduction for 2007= 3034.56 tons of CO2 eq Emissions Reduction for 2008= 9090.49 tons of C02 eq ( 7008.28+2082.21)

29 7.0 Explanation to special events

Impacts on ER

Special events that could occur and have impacts on the ER are that natural and unnatural calamities could destroy the biogas plants which might need to be reconstructed. This will have a considerable impact on the Emissions reductions (ER).

An event like switch to use of LPG‐ Liquid Petroleum Gas stoves and not using the biogas plants could also lead to having impacts on the ER calculations

Impacts on SD

Nepal has a huge cultural diversity with many beliefs under various sects of life. WWF Nepal’s Gold Standard biogas VER Project aims to contribute to SD.

One way contributing to sanitation and hygiene is that WWF planned to construct toilets with the biogas plants. With culture and beliefs, it is sometimes not possible to convince beneficiaries to attach a toilet to the biogas as food is needed to be cooked for religious ceremonies and people might not agree to attaching a toilet to a biogas.