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President Chure-Tarai Madhesh Conservation and Management Master Plan

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President Chure-Tarai Madhesh Conservation and Management Master Plan The Government of Nepal President Chure-Tarai Madhesh Conservation Development Board President Chure-Tarai Madhesh Conservation and Management Master Plan 2074 Foreword The Chure hill has remained to be fragile, susceptible and the store of forest/vegetation in the geo-physical, geological and the like points of view, but it has severely eroded as well as depleted because of the developmental endeavors in the last few decades. The Chure Hill, Dun, Bhavar and Tarai Madhesh are connected with one another in harmonious manner. Although the Chure has been providing support to the agriculture business and the inhabitants of the Dun and Tarai Madhesh regions with the natural fertilizer, water and other resources from its region, it has now created disasters and worries following its gradual destruction. Due to its inappropriate or incorrect use, it is affecting upon all- the Dun, the Bhavar and the Tarai Madhesh. Due to the unmanaged cultivation, animal husbandry and uncontrolled grazing on its sloped terrains, the soil of this region has arrived at the Tarai Madhesh region. Furthermore, the impromptu collection of the sand, rock and pebbles from the streams/rivers in the deep-valleys of the Chure and in the Bhavar regions has turned the Tarai land in the grip of river-cutting and flood. Although the manpower and land are the main sources of the Tarai Madhesh region, both the production and productivity of this region are in the decreasing trend because of the migration of the youths outside the nation for employment together with the ever-increasing disasters such as landslide, river-cutting and flood. There is an extreme shortage of forest resources, especially in the southern part. In this way, the opportunities for the development of the Tarai Madhesh region are decreasing due to various reasons despite being rich in manpower and land. Keeping these problems into consideration, the Government of Nepal had started various conservation efforts in the Chure region from the last few years, but such programs have not gained expected success. The main reasons for this are- the efforts for solution being quite minimal as compared to the problems; the priority of the programs in the downstream region rather than in the Chure Hill, the upstream region (the root of the problem); the programs not being implemented in the integrated and coordinated manner; and so on. Based on the learning from these efforts, the President Chure-Tarai Madhesh Conservation Development Board (PCTMCDB) was established in 2071 BS. Taking into consideration the past experiences, this Board has adopted the policy of the management of the Chure Hill, Bhavar, Tarai Madhesh and Dun regions as a single landscape. The conservation of the Chure region is only possible through a multi-stakeholder, multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary as well as multidimensional effort. The solution of the problems here is not possible through the conservation of the forest resources of the Chure region alone. Hence, watershed conservation, improvement in agriculture system, management of animal husbandry, river control, wetland management, water conservation and so on along with forest management are found to be necessary for the purpose. Among these, co-ordination and team-work of the upstream and downstream communities are indispensable. Therefore, it is essential for the implementation of the programs in an intensive manner in the team-work of all the stakeholders through the preparation of a master plan for the conservation and integrated management of the Chure, Dun, and Tarai Madhesh regions. In this regard, this Master Plan has been prepared by a national team of the multidisciplinary experts having experience in the conservation of the Chure region through-field observation, consultations with the local communities, district-level sociological and technical authorities and the representatives of the political parties, and the central-level experts and different authorities together with the consultations with the Honorable Members of the Legislature Parliament. The Master Plan presents the integrated conservation plan based on the river systems of the Chure Hill, Dun, Bhavar and Tarai Madhesh regions. The support and team- work of all are expected in the implementation of this Plan. The English version of this Master Plan has been prepared by Mr. Sahas Man Shrestha, Forest Resource Inventory and Management Expert. Contents Summary ..............................................................................................................................i - xii 1.Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Configuration of the ground .......................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 Creation and nature of the landscape ..................................................................... 1 1.1.2 Chure-Tarai Madhesh Landscape .......................................................................... 1 1.2 Concept and necessity of the Master Plan ..................................................................... 2 1.3 Master Plan preparation process .................................................................................... 3 1.4 Structure of the Master Plan .......................................................................................... 7 1.5 Scope and limitations of the Master Plan ...................................................................... 7 2.Analysis of the existing status ................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Geo-biological status ..................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Geology and geomorphology ................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 Susceptible region ................................................................................................ 11 2.1.3 River system ......................................................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Ground cover and land use................................................................................... 18 2.1.5 Climate and climate change ................................................................................. 20 2.1.6 Environmental services ........................................................................................ 25 2.1.7 Forest, vegetation and biodiversity ...................................................................... 26 2.1.8 Agriculture and animal husbandry ....................................................................... 30 2.1.9 Wetlands, religious and cultural heritages and the sites with paleo-historical .... 33 2.1.10 Groundwater ........................................................................................................ 37 2.1.11 River-bed materials .............................................................................................. 38 2.2 Socio-economic status ................................................................................................. 42 2.2.1 Settlements and population .................................................................................. 42 2.2.2 Occupational status .............................................................................................. 45 2.2.3 Use of energy ....................................................................................................... 46 2.3 Existing and developing-stage important physical structures and public facilities ..... 47 2.3.1 Irrigation .............................................................................................................. 47 2.3.2 Roads and railways (including bridges and mini-bridges)................................... 47 2.3.3 Drinking water ..................................................................................................... 48 2.3.4 Hydro-electricity and Electric Power Transmission ............................................ 49 2.4 Existing organizations and structures .......................................................................... 53 2.4.1 Governmental organizations ................................................................................ 53 2.4.2 Non-governmental organizations ......................................................................... 55 2.4.3 Community-based organizations.......................................................................... 56 2.4.4 Existing policy and legal format .......................................................................... 57 3.Outline of the Master Plan .................................................................................................... 58 3.1 Strategic roadmap ........................................................................................................ 58 3.1.1 Vision ................................................................................................................... 58 3.1.2 Goal ...................................................................................................................... 58 3.1.3 Objectives ............................................................................................................ 58 3.1.4 Guiding principles ................................................................................................ 59 3.1.5 Programs .............................................................................................................
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