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Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL NEPAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COUNCIL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT NEPAL AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY RESEARCH SURVEY COUNCIL ON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY AND RURAL SURVEY DEVELOPMENT IN NEPALON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM - FOODFOR AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION ANDAND AGRICULTURERURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERAI - IN NEPAL - FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURE IN TERAI - FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT OCTOBER 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY OCTOBER(JICA) 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONALNIPPON KOEI COOPERATION CO., LTD. AGENCY VISION AND SPIRIT(JICA) FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATION (VSOC) CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. C.D.C. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION VISION AND SPIRIT FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATION (VSOC) CO., LTD. 4R C.D.C. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION JR 13 - 031 FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF NEPAL NEPAL AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COUNCIL MINISTRY OF IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT NEPAL AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY RESEARCH SURVEY COUNCIL ON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTUREPREPARATORY AND RURAL SURVEY DEVELOPMENT IN NEPALON JICA'S COOPERATION PROGRAM - FOODFOR AGRICULTURE PRODUCTION ANDAND AGRICULTURERURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERAI - IN NEPAL - FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURE IN TERAI - FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT FINAL REPORT MAIN REPORT OCTOBER 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY OCTOBER(JICA) 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONALNIPPON KOEI COOPERATION CO., LTD. AGENCY VISION AND SPIRIT(JICA) FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATION (VSOC) CO., LTD. NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. C.D.C. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION VISION AND SPIRIT FOR OVERSEAS COOPERATION (VSOC) CO., LTD. C.D.C. INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION PREPARATORY SURVEY ON JICA’S COOPERATION PROGRAM FOR AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT IN NEPAL FOOD PRODUCTION AND AGRICULTURE IN TERAI FINAL REPORT LIST OF VOLUMES VOLUME-1 MAIN REPORT VOLUME-2 SUPPORTING DATA SUPPORTING DATA -A : MINUTES OF MEETINGS ON JOINT COORDINATION COMMITTEE SUPPORTING DATA -B : DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND LEGISLATION ON AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION SECTORS SUPPORTING DATA -C : IRRIGATION SUPPORTING DATA -D : AGRICULTURE SUPPORTING DATA -E : RURAL DEVELOPMENT SUPPORTING DATA -F : MARKETING SUPPORTING DATA -G : RESULT OF SUBLET WORKS Map of Study Areas Detailed Map of Study Areas Photographs (1/4) The Preparatory Survey on JICA’s Cooperation Program for Agriculture and Rural Development in Nepal, Food Production and Agriculture in Terai 01 Kankai Headwork (Jhapa) 04 Hardinath Headwork (Dhanusa) Kankai Irrigation Project Headwork, which was originally Hardinath Irrigation Project Headwork has functioned over 40 years constructed in 1979, has been well maintained over the 30 years. since completed in 1967. Water is not much in May 2013 Water was flowing in May 2013. 02 Kankai Irrigation System (Jhapa) 05 Hardinath Irrigation System (Dhanusa) Main Canal of Kanaki Irrigation Project, close to the tail end, and the Farmers were carrying farm products along one of branch canal of heads of Branch Canals. the Hardinath Irrigation System. 03 Meeting with WUA members (Jhapa) 06 Meeting with WUA members (Dhanusa) Discussion with key members of WUA in Kankai irrigation Project Farmers meeting and interview at command area in Hardenath about irrigated agriculture. Irrigation Project during sample survey. Source: JICA Survey Team Photographs (2/4) The Preparatory Survey on JICA’s Cooperation Program for Agriculture and Rural Development in Nepal, Food Production and Agriculture in Terai 07 Early Paddy and Pigeon Pea (Kankai) 10 Brinjal Cultivation (Dhanusa) A farmer is cultivating early paddy with irrigation water from A farmer is cultivating brinjal successfully in the farmland that was tube-well. Pigeon pea is also planted on farm bunds. purchased with remittance from her husband. 08 Yam and Taro (Dhanusa) 11 Banana Planting in Paddy Fields (Dhanusa) Giant Yams and Colocasia Taros are planted in some parts of the Bananas are planted in some farmlands instead of paddy. Banana is project area for local consumption. Yam and Taro are a potential one of alternative crops for increasing agriculture income in Terai. crop to export to India where the demand is increasing these days. 09 Ploughing with Draft Caws (Jhapa) 12 Raising Livestock at Homestead (Morang) Farmers are ploughing farmlands with draft caws for normal paddy Livestock is a good side business of many farmers for earning. This cultivation. This traditional method is still common in Terai. farmer is raising cattle and goats in his homestead. Source: JICA Survey Team Photographs (3/4) The Preparatory Survey on JICA’s Cooperation Program for Agriculture and Rural Development in Nepal, Food Production and Agriculture in Terai 13 Local Market (Morang) 16 Local Weekly Market (Morang) A vegetable booth in a retail market operated by the local A local weekly market in Morang, dealing with wide variety of municipality at Mahendra Nagar in Morang, having large selection commodity. A woman is selling her farm products at a spot of the of farm products. open market. 14 Kalimati Market (Kathmandu) 17 Carrying Vegetables to Birtamod Market (Jhapha) Kalimati Vegetables and Fruits Market in Kathmandu is a wholesale A man carrying vegetables, which are imported from India, to the market managed by the government. Birtamod Market in Jhapa. 15 ARS Seed Paddy Storage (Dhanusa) 18 Traditional Paddy Storage (Morang) Seed paddy storage of the Agriculture Research Station (ARS) at Most of farmers are keeping their paddy yield at their house Balachapi in Danusa. premises with traditional storage shed. Source: JICA Survey Team Photographs (4/4) The Preparatory Survey on JICA’s Cooperation Program for Agriculture and Rural Development in Nepal, Food Production and Agriculture in Terai 19 DDC Office (Mahottari) 22 DADO Service Desk (Jhapa) Interview with an officer of District Development Committee Service desk set at the District Agriculture Development Office (DDC) at Mahottari about development plan of his district. (DADO) for technical assistance to farmers. 20 Agro-vet in remote rural community (Dhanusa) 23 Consultation Workshop (Dhanusa) There is Agro-vet shop even in remote area. Paddy seed, fertilizer, The district level consultation workshop on the “Pilot Scheme insecticide, sprayer are the main items that they are selling. On-farm Development” was organized by the JICA Survey Team at Tarhara on 6th August and Hardinath on 8th August 2013. 21 The 3rd JCC Meeting (Kathmandu) 24 The 4th JCC Meeting (Kathmandu) The 3rd JCC Meeting on the Draft Interim Report was held at the The 4th JCC Meeting on the Draft Final Report was held at the Department of Irrigation office on 11th June 2013. Department of Irrigation office on 25th August 2013. Source: JICA Survey Team Final Report Summary I. FRAMEWORK OF THE PREPARATORY SURVEY Background of the Preparatory Survey 01. Nearly 80% of all Nepalese households are dependent on agriculture, and 66% of the working population is engaged in the agriculture sector. These contributed to 34% of the total gross domestic product (GDP) of the country in 2010/2011. Structures of agricultural production remarkably differ between the Terai plains at altitudes ranging from 60 m to 300 m, and the highland areas at high altitudes of more than 300 m. The Terai Region, which is often referred to as the granary of Nepal, makes up 53% of the total cultivated area or 81% of the total irrigated farmlands in the country. Almost 70% of rice, 58% of wheat, and 59% of vegetables in the country are produced in the Terai plains. (1.1) 02. The Agriculture Perspective Plan (APP) of the Government of Nepal (GON) for the 1995/96-2014/15 period emphasizes the need for an increase in food crop production in the Terai plains by strengthening the year-round irrigation system, improving agricultural roads, enhancing farming technology, promoting effective agricultural extension, and strengthening the implementation mechanism of the local government. However, previous political instability and internal conflicts, which ended in a general election for the Constituent Assembly in 2008, have hindered agricultural and irrigation development in Nepal. Improvement of agricultural productivity of the Terai plains is therefore one of the crucial issues in agricultural development of the country as well as sustainable livelihood improvement in the rural areas. (1.1) 03. Consequently, GON comes up with an agricultural development strategy which aims to improve agricultural productivity and profitability in the Terai plains. A request for assistance for the ‘Project for participatory small-scale irrigation development with borehole and shallow well’ has been submitted to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) in 2011, following the emerging demands to support irrigation development in the Terai plains in 2009. In response to the request, JICA conducted the ‘Study on Food Crop Production and Agriculture’ followed by a supplemental study to analyze the potential needs for assistance and future approach. In 2012, GON submitted a proposal for a technical cooperation project (TCP) entitled the ‘Irrigated Agriculture Strengthening Project’. (1.1) Objective of the Preparatory Survey 04. The main objective of the preparatory survey (hereinafter referred to as the Survey) is to formulate JICA’s cooperation program and to justify the TCP requested
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