District Transport Master Plan (DTMP)

Government of Nepal

Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development

Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR)

District Development Committee, Morang

February 2013

Prepared by the District Technical Office (DTO) for Morang with Technical Assistance from the Department of Local Infrastructure and Agricultural Roads (DOLIDAR), Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development and grant supported by DFID

FOREWORD

It is my great pleasure to introduce this District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) of Morang district especially for district road core network (DRCN). I believe that this document will be helpful in backstopping to Rural Transport Infrastructure Sector Wide Approach (RTI SWAp) through sustainable planning, resources mobilization, implementation and monitoring of the rural road sub-sector development. The document is anticipated to generate substantial employment opportunities for rural people through increased and reliable accessibility in on- farm and off-farm livelihood diversification, commercialization and industrialization of agriculture sector. In this context, rural road sector will play a fundamental role to strengthen and promote overall economic growth of this district through established and improved year round transport services reinforcing intra and inter-district linkages .

Therefore, it is most crucial in executing rural road networks in a planned way as per the District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) by considering the framework of available resources in DDC comprising both internal and external sources. Viewing these aspects, DDC Morang has prepared the DTMP by focusing most of the available resources into upgrading and maintenance of the existing road networks. This document is also been assumed to be helpful to show the district road situations to the donor agencies through central government towards generating needy resources through basket fund approach. Furthermore, this document will be supportive in avoiding pervasive duplication approach in resources allocation under the rural road network development sector of this district.

I would, firstly like to express my gratitude to Mr.Ram BabuPaudyal, RTI Pilot District Asset Management Engineer for his continuous dedication, hard work and cooperation in bringing this DTMP document at this final stage successfully. I would also express my gratitude to Mr.DillishworKarki, RTI Pilot Sub Asset Management Engineer for his valuable support in the process of preparing DTMP report.

I would like to thank to Mr.Samar Khanal, Chief of District Technical Office (DTO), Mr.Suresh Acharya, Planning Monitoring and Administrative Officer, Ms RenuBishwas, Focal Person RTI SWAp, and other DDC and DTO staffs who directly and indirectly supported in the process of preparing this document.

My special thank goes to all the representatives of political parties and other DTICC members who played central role in providing constructive and valuable supports in preparing this document.

Last but not least, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Ministry of federal Affairs and Local Development (MoFALD), Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agriculture Road (DOLIDAR) and RTI SECTOR Maintenance Pilot central unit for their valuable support to produce this report.

Any innovative and constructive suggestions regarding this document will be highly appreciated.

Shiva Ram Pokhrel Local Development Officer District Development Committee Morang, Nepal

PREFACE / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) of Morang District has been prepared with support from UK AID/DFID, Technical Assistance by RTI Sector Maintenance Pilot and close coordination with DoLIDAR.

We would like to express our gratitude to Mr Shiva Ram Pokhrel, Local Development Officer (LDO), Mr Samar KhanalChief District Technical Officer (DTO), Mr.ShaileshPokhrel, DTO Engineer, Mr. Suresh Acharya , Planning , Monitoring and Administrative Officer- DDC,Mr.Tirtha Raj Baral, Account Officer -DDC,Ms RenuBishwas - Focal Person RTI SWAP, DTO Sub Engineersand Assistant Sub Engineersand other DDC and DTO staff for their valuable suggestions and co-operation for the preparation of this report.

We would also like to thank Mr Bupendra Bahadur Basnet, Director General of DOLIDAR, members of the DOLIDAR Technical Committee, including Mr. Ganga Bahadur Basnet, Coordinator, Mr JeevanGuragain, Mr Krishna Bahadur Katwal, Mr Kumar Thapa and Mr. Manoj Krishna Shrestha, RTI Planning and Infrastructure Specialist, as well as Serge Cartier Van Dissel, RTI Rural Roads Engineering Specialist and Mr. Michael Green, RTI Team Leader all of whom were instrumental in shaping the new, “slim “ version of the DTMP.

The DTMP for Morang was prepared by Mr. Ram BabuPaudyal, RTI Pilot District Asset Management Engineer and MrDillishworKarki, RTI Pilot Sub Asset Management Engineer. The authors are grateful to all the local people and leaders who have rendered their valuable assistance to the team during the preparation of the DTMP.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Morang District is located in Koshi Zone of the Eastern Development Region of Nepal. It borders with Bihar (India) to the South, Jhapa&Ilam districts to the East, Dhankuta&Panchthar districts to the North and Sunsari district to the west. The district has One Sub Metro Politian City (Biratnagar) and 65 VDCs.The total area of the district is 1,855 km2. The lowest elevation point is 60 meter and highest elevation point is 2410 meter above sea level. The current population of the district is 10,38,457and the average population density is around 560 people per square km till 2068 B.S. The district headquarter is connected by Koshi National High way to the East-WestMahendra National Highway at Itahari, Sunsari, and the district is also connected to the Hill parts of the eastern region of Nepal. This district is the core Industrial sector for the EasternDevelopment Region of Nepal. The district inventory identified1,575.14km of roads, including 218.34km of strategic road network, 57.17 km of urban road network and 370.62km of district road core network (DRCN) and 929.01km of village road network. Of the core district road network, 3% is black topped, 69% has a gravel surface and 28% has an earthen surface, resulting in 72% being considered all-weather and only 28% fair weather.

Road Class Total Black Top Gravel Earthen Strategic road network 218.34 117.51 47.86 52.97 Urban roads 57.17 57.17 - - District Core road Network 370.62 10.24 254.89 105.49 Village roads 929.01 12.49 705.96 210.56 Total 1,575.14 197.41 1,008.71 369.02

Annual conservation costs for the entire district road core network are estimated at NPR 75.6 million based on the first year, and will be updated in the ARMP based on actual annual maintenance needs as determined in the annual road condition survey. Total conservation costs for the five-year DTMP period are estimated at NPR 359million. An analysis of the road network identified the need for improvement of most of the core road network roads in order to bring them to a maintainable all-weather standard and provide them with a proper road surface in light of existing traffic volumes. In this DTMP, improvement work from gravel surface to blacktopping is not provisioned due to lack of financial resources. Priority is given to make all earthen roads to gravel roads. The required improvements and their estimated costs are listed below.

Improvement type Requirement Cost (NPR) Bridges 330 m 196,000,000 Slab culverts 42.25 m 8,450,000 Causeways 475 m 6,550,000 Hume pipes 259 units 2,590,000 Masonry retaining walls 568 m3 3,976,000 Gabion retaining walls 1491.3 m3 5,070,420 Lined drains 84000 m 151,200,000 Widening 62420 m 74,904,000 Rehabilitation 0 km - Gravelling 105.49 km 158,235,000 Blacktopping 305.56 km 1,527,800,000 New construction 5.00 km 62,500,000 Total 2,197,275,420

The available budget for the road sector for the coming five years (fiscal year 2069/70 to 2073/74) is estimated to be NPR 1,333 million. Allocation to the district road core network was set at 75% of the total road sector budget, which was subsequently allocated firstly to

iv the annual maintenance needs and then to the improvement needs. This budget is insufficient to cover all the estimated costs of conservation, improvement and new construction. However, it allows main conservation requirements to be covered throughout the DTMP period and some of the improvement works to be completed before the end of the DTMP period. The remaining improvement works will be carried out in the next DTMP. New construction work of 5 km section is expected to be implemented. The DTMP allocation allows the entire district road core network to be maintained for the full five years and all required improvement works to be carried out. At the end of the DTMP period the entire district road core network will be in maintainable, fair weather & all-weather condition with the appropriate road surface. The core road network will then consist of 22% blacktop roads,61% gravel roads and 17% earthen roads, all with protective and cross drainage structures in place (83% will be all weather as well as maintainable).Access to the SRN or to all-weather DRCN roads will increase from 58 to 65VDCs and One sub Metropolitan from 95% to 100% of the district population.

ABBREVIATIONS

DDC District Development Committee DIM District Inventory Map DOLIDAR Department of Local Infrastructure Development and Agriculture Road DOR Department of Road DRCN District Road Core Network DTICC District Transport Infrastructure Coordination Committee DTMP District Transport Master Plan DTPP District Transport Perspective Plan GIS Geographical Information system GPS Global Positioning System GON Government of Nepal LGCDP Local Governance and Community Development Programme MLD Ministry of Local Development PCU Passenger Car Unit RAP Rural Access Programme SWAp Sector Wide Approach VDC Village Development Committee

Contents Foreword ...... ii Preface / Acknowledgements ...... iii Executive summary ...... iv Abbreviations ...... vi 1. Introduction ...... 1 2. District road core network (DRCN) ...... 2 2.1 Total road network ...... 2 2.2 National Highways and Feeder Roads ...... 2 2.3 District road core network ...... 2 2.4 Village roads ...... 4 3. RequireD INterventions ...... 7 3.1 Conservation ...... 7 3.2 Improvement ...... 8 3.2.1 Rehabilitation ...... 9 3.2.2 Gravelling...... 9 3.2.3 Cross drainage ...... 9 3.2.4 Protective structures ...... 10 3.2.5 Widening ...... 11 3.2.6 Blacktopping ...... 12 3.3 New construction ...... 12 3.4 District Transport Perspective Plan ...... 13 4. Cost estimation ...... 17 4.1 Conservation ...... 17 4.2 Improvement ...... 18 4.3 New construction ...... 19 4.4 DTPP costs ...... 19 5. Ranking ...... 20 5.1 Conservation ...... 20 5.2 Improvement ...... 21 New construction ...... 22 6. District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) ...... 23 6.1 Five Year Projected Financial resources ...... 23 6.2 Distribution of Budget ...... 23 6.3 DTMP outputs ...... 26 6.4 DTMP outcomes ...... 26 Annex 1 Traffic data ...... 28 Annex 2 Population served ...... 29 Annex 3 Location of proposed structures ...... 32

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TABLES

Table 2.1.1 Road length in Morang district (km) ...... 2 Table 2.2.1 National Highway and Feeder Roads in Morang district (km) ...... 2 Table 2.3.1 Road length in Morang district (km) ...... 3 Table 2.3.2 District road core network in Morang district (km) ...... 3 Table 3.1.1 Conservation requirements ...... 8 Table 3.2.1 Sections of the district road core network requiring rehabilitation ...... 9 Table 3.2.2 Sections of the district road core network requiring gravelling ...... 9 Table 3.2.3 Required cross drainage structures ...... 10 Table 3.2.4 Required protective structures ...... 11 Table 3.2.5 Sections of the district road core network requiring widening ...... 11 Table 3.4.1 District Transport Perspective Plan ...... 14 Table 4.1.1 Standard unit costs for conservation ...... 17 Table 4.1.2 Estimated conservation costs for the first year (NPR ‘000) ...... 17 Table 4.2.1 Standard unit costs for improvement activities ...... 18 Table 4.2.2 Cost estimate for improvement measures (NPR ‘000) ...... 19 Table 4.4.1 DTPP costs (NPR ‘000) ...... 20 Table 5.1.1 Ranking of conservation works (NPR ‘000) ...... 21 Table 5.2.1 Ranking of improvement works (NPR ‘000) ...... 22 Table 6.1.1 Estimated funding levels (roads) for next five years (in NPR ‘000) ...... 23 Table 6.2.1 Investment plan 25 Table 6.3.1 DTMP output ...... 26 Table 6.4.1 Standard of DRCN roads...... 26 Table 6.4.2 Population with access to road network ...... 26

FIGURES

Figure 1 Map of Nepal indicating Morang district1 Figure 2 Total road inventory map for Morang district5 Figure 3 District Road Core Network (DRCN) map6 Figure 4 District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP)5 Figure 5 District road sector budget allocation24 Figure 6 District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) 27

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1. INTRODUCTION

Morang District is located in Koshi Zone of the Eastern Development Region of Nepal. It borders with Jhapa to the East, Sunsari district to the West, Illam&Dhankuta districts to the North and Bihar (India) to the South. The district has 2municipalities (Biratnagar&Urlabari) and 64 VDCs. The total area of the district is 1,855 km2. The annual rainfall is about 1,812 mm and maximum temperature is recorded 42º C in summer and 3ºC minimum in winter. The lowest elevation point is 60 meter and highest elevation point is 2410 meter from mean sea level. The entire district lies in the Terai. Morang district is famous for different cash crops, horticulture, livestock and Industry.

Figure 1 Map of Nepal indicating Morang district

According to the Census 2010, the total population of the district is 964,769 comprising 497,906 female (51.6%) and 466,803 male (48.4%) residing in 193,728 households. The average household size is 4.37 persons. Morang district has an average population density of around 520 people per square km (2010). The district population growth rate is 1.35%. In- migration is rapidly increasing day to day from rural areas to this district. Life expectancy of the people is 69.6 years. The average literacy rate is about 66.33% (57.12% female and 75.54% male are literate).

This district has multi ethnic composition; majorities are Brahamin, Chetri, Rajbanshi, Limbu, Rai, Tamang, Kami, Damai. In terms of religion, Hindus are 80.1%, Kirat 7.3%, Muslim 4.4%, Buddhist 4.4%, Christian 0.8% and other 2.8%. The main languages are is Nepali followed by Rajbansi,Tharu, Rai, Limbu, Santhali, Bhojpuri, Urdu, Maithali and other.

The district headquarter Biratnagar is connected by black-topped feeder road to the East- West Highway at Itahari, Sunsari and the district is also connected to the hill parts of the eastern region of Nepal. This district is the main boarderto India for the Eastern Development

Region. District and rural roads are in poor condition and require upgrading, rehabilitation and proper maintenance. 2. DISTRICT ROAD CORE NETWORK (DRCN)

This chapter gives an overview of the existing roads in Morang district, distinguishing between strategic roads and rural roads. It goes on to identify those rural roads that make up the district road core network (DRCN) that will form the basis for this DTMP. The remaining rural roads are classified as village roads.

2.1 TOTAL ROAD NETWORK Morang district has an estimated road network of 1575.14kilometres including 218.34 km of strategic roads managed by DOR, 57.17 km of urban roads managed by Biratnagar`Sub Metropolitan City and 1299.63 km of rural roads managed by Morang DDC.A map of the total road network in Morang district is shown in figure 2 at the end of this chapter.

Table 2.1.1 Road length in Morang district (km)

Road Class Total length Black Top Gravel Earthen Strategic roads 218.34 117.51 47.86 52.97 Urban roads 57.17 57.17 - - Rural roads 1,299.63 22.73 960.85 316.05 Total 1,575.14 197.41 1,008.71 369.02

2.2 NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AND FEEDER ROADS Morang district has 2 national highways and 5 feeder roads totalling 218.34 km. The majority (54%) are black topped, followed by gravel (22%) and earthen surfaces (24%)as in DTMP 2010 of Morang.These roads are managed by DOR.

Table 2.2.1 National Highway and Feeder Roads in Morang district (km) Surface type Code Description Total Black Top Gravel Earth East west Highway(MRM) 36.30 36.30 - - KoshiRajmarga 17.39 17.39 - - Ratuwa River - Rangali (Postal) 22.00 11.00 8.00 3.00 Biratnagar - Rangali 23.88 23.88 - - Bhedetar - Rajarani - Rabi Ranke 4.97 - - 4.97 Bardanga - Urlabari 28.00 8.14 14.86 5.00 Urlabari - Madhumalla - Daregaunda 11.00 - - 11.00 Ramgali - Kanepokhari 22.00 - 20.00 2.00 Kanepokhari - Dandagaun - Budhaare 29.80 0.30 2.50 27.00 Ghinaghat - Biratchowk 23.00 20.50 2.50 - Total 218.34 117.51 47.86 52.97

2.3 DISTRICT ROAD CORE NETWORK As part of the preparation of this DTMP, the District Road Core Network (DRCN) was identified together with the DTICC and DDC. This DRCN is the minimum network that allows all VDC headquarters to be connected with the strategic road network and the district headquarters, either directly or through other VDCs. In the selection of the DRCN roads, account was taken of the road conditions, the road surface type and the existing traffic levels. The identified DRCN roads were subsequently provided with road codes according to national standards.

The resulting District Road Core Network in Morang district is shown in Error! Reference ource not found.at the end of this chapter. The DRCN in Morang district consists of a total of 30 district roads with a total length of 370.62 km. The remaining 929.01km of existing rural roads are not considered to be DRCN roads and are classified as village roads under the responsibility of the VDCs (see also section 2.3). Of the DRCN, 3% is black topped, 69% has a gravel surface and 28% has an earthen surface, resulting in 72% being considered all- weather and only 28% as fair weather (see Table 2.3.1). A complete list of the DRCNroads and their characteristics is provided in Table 2.3.2.

Table 2.3.1 Road length in Morang district (km) Surface type Road Class Total Black Top Gravel Earthen Strategic road network 218.34 117.51 47.86 52.97 Highways 53.69 53.69 - - Feeder roads 164.65 63.82 47.86 52.97 Urban roads 57.17 57.17 - - 57.17 57.17 - -

District Road Core Network 370.62 10.24 254.89 105.49 Village roads 929.01 12.49 705.96 210.56 Total 1,575.14 197.41 1,008.71 369.02

Table 2.3.2 District road core network in Morang district (km)

Surface Type Accessibility Total Code Description Black All Fair length Gravel Earthen Top weather weather 05DR001 Sundarpur - Yangsila- Dharan 23.88 - 23.88 - 23.88 - 05DR002 Mirgauliya- Gothgau 4.14 0.03 4.11 - 4.14 - 05DR003 Nimuwa- Hattimudha- Sis.Badahara- 7.40 1.48 5.92 - 7.40 - Kohalpur 05DR004 Lakhantari -Milan Chock 4.24 - 4.24 - 4.24 - 05DR005 Bhatigachha- Rangeli Road 4.66 - 4.11 0.55 4.11 0.55 05DR006 Rani- Budhanagar- Tarigama Boarder 12.21 0.45 10.08 1.68 10.53 1.68 05DR007 Kerabari -Patigau-Danda Bazar 12.75 0.31 2.08 10.36 2.39 10.36 05DR008 Khorsane- Kerabari - Singhadevi - 38.26 2.95 12.20 23.11 15.15 23.11 Samewa 05DR009 Kaseni- Banigama- Dangraha 7.09 - 7.09 - 7.09 - 05DR010 Motipur -Tetariya 3.22 - 3.22 - 3.22 - 05DR011 Pidarmani -Sidraha 1.53 - 1.53 - 1.53 - 05DR012 Bhaudaha -Nayabajar 3.07 - 3.07 - 3.07 - 05DR013 Nayabajar- Thalaha 3.80 - 3.80 - 3.80 - 05DR014 Katahari -Lakshmaniya- Pokhariya - 16.57 0.86 13.22 2.49 14.08 2.49 Nocha -Amahi (Boarder) 05DR015 SiswaniJahada- Ramchock 2.13 - 2.13 - 2.13 - 05DR016 Kadmaha- Nocha Boarder 3.46 - 3.46 - 3.46 - 05DR017 Belbari- Lokhara -Bhogteni- Aaitabare 30.34 1.33 13.56 15.45 14.89 15.45 05DR018 Bhahunne- Aamtola 27.72 - 27.72 - 27.72 - 05DR019 Lakshmimarga -Dangihat - Banoul- 31.75 1.06 27.96 2.73 29.02 2.73 Babiyabirta - Daulatpur- Karsiya- Amahi 05DR020 Kanepokhari- Letang -Warangi- 6 No. 37.38 1.09 10.86 25.43 11.95 25.43 Budhabare 05DR021 Pathari- Jate 11.46 - 11.46 - 11.46 - 05DR022 Pathari - BhutaniSibir -Sanischare 4.94 0.44 4.50 - 4.94 - 05DR023 Aamgachhi -Takuwa 7.30 - 7.08 0.22 7.08 0.22 05DR024 Gobindapur -Larikatta 3.60 - 3.60 - 3.60 -

Surface Type Accessibility Total Code Description Black All Fair length Gravel Earthen Top weather weather 05DR025 Jhappadtal -Bardanga- Boarder 7.43 - 7.43 - 7.43 - 05DR026 Kisanchock -Tandi -Ramite- Miklajung 35.50 - 15.48 20.02 15.48 20.02 05DR027 Kadupada- Sijuwa- Jhurkiya 9.32 0.24 9.08 - 9.32 - 05DR028 Mahadewa -Chaukighat 4.82 - 4.82 - 4.82 - 05VR029 Patiyapada- Sunbarsi 5.00 - 3.35 1.65 3.35 1.65 05VR030 Rangeli Road - Kudauli- Bardanga 5.65 - 3.85 1.80 3.85 1.80 Total length 370.62 10.24 254.89 105.49 265.13 105.49

2.4 VILLAGE ROADS Total 929.01km of remaining roads that do not form part of the identified District Road Core Network (DRCN) are classified as village roads. These village roads are under the responsibility of the 64 VDCs in Morang district. These are roads of a lower importance that do not form the main link between the VDC headquarters and the district headquarters or strategic road network. Instead they provide additional access to other parts of the VDCs.

On average each VDC will thus be responsible for 14.52km of village roads. It is recommended that the VDCs organise maintenance workers to carry out the emergency and routine/minor recurrent maintenance of these roads to ensure they remain accessible. Any upgrading or new construction of village roads falls outside the scope of this DTMP and is the responsibility of the VDCs.

Funding for these roads will mainly come from the VDC grants. Some district funding will also be allocated to the village roads (see also chapter 6). However, priority will be given to the use of this district funding for maintenance, especially emergency maintenance and routine/ minor recurrent maintenanceto keep the village roads open.

Figure 2: Road Inventory Map of Morang

W E

INDIA (Bihar)

4 2 0 4 8 km

N 5 W E

S Figure 3: District Road Core Network

3. REQUIRED INTERVENTIONS

This chapter looks at the required interventions regarding conservation, improvement and new constructionof the district road core network. It provides a complete list of all works required in the DRCN, which together form the District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP). For the works forming part of the DTPP, chapter 4 will subsequently provide cost estimation, while chapter 5 will rank the works according to priority and chapter 6 will select those priority works that can be carried out in the next 5 years and thus form part of the District Transport Master Plan (DTMP).

3.1 CONSERVATION Conservation refers to the actions required to repair a road and keep it in good and passable condition. For DTMP planning purposes standard costs per kilometre for each maintenance type are applied to the entire core district road network, whereby for certain maintenance type distinction is made according to the surface type of the road. Identification of the actual maintenance requirements of each road is done in the ARMP on an annual basis. The following conservation activities are distinguished: 1． Emergency maintenance - Basic repairs aimed at removing landslides and repairing damage to the road that inhibit the proper use of the road and make it impassable. This mainly takes place during and after the rainy season.A provisional lump sum is reserved for the entire district road core network. Allocation to specific road sections is based on the actual need for clearing landslides or repairing washouts and cuts in the road. 2． Routine maintenance - General maintenance of the road aimed at preventing damage by ensuring the proper working of the different road elements (retaining walls, drainage system, carriageway, etc.) and cutting vegetation. This is carried out each year on a more or less continuous basis. Routine maintenance is required for the entire district road core network. The specific requirements for routine maintenance are determined on an annual basis through the road condition survey and defined in the ARMP. 3． Recurrent maintenance - Repairs of minor damage to the road surface and road structures to bring them back to good condition. This is generally carried out once or twice a year. Recurrent maintenance is required for the entire district road core network, whereby distinction is made according to the surface type. The specific requirements for recurrent maintenance are determined on an annual basis through the road condition survey and defined in the ARMP. 4． Periodic maintenance - Larger repairs to the road largely aimed at renewing the road surface through re-gravelling, resealing or overlays. It is generally carried out with several years interval. Although periodic maintenance is only required for specific sections of the district road core network, a lump sum allocation is made for the entire district road core network based on average requirements, distinguishing between different surface types. The specific periodic maintenance requirements are determined on an annual basis through the annual road condition survey and defined in the ARMP.

The length of roads to be included under each conservation type for the first year is indicated below. This is basically the entire district road core network in as far as it does not require rehabilitation.

Table 3.1.1 Conservation requirements Emergency Routine Recurrent Periodic maintenance maintenance maintenance maintenance Code (km) (km) (km) (km) 05DR001 23.88 23.88 23.88 23.88 05DR002 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 05DR003 7.40 7.40 7.40 7.40 05DR004 4.24 4.24 4.24 4.24 05DR005 4.66 4.66 4.66 4.66 05DR006 12.21 12.21 12.21 12.21 05DR007 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 05DR008 38.26 38.26 38.26 38.26 05DR009 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 05DR010 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 05DR011 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 05DR012 3.07 3.07 3.07 3.07 05DR013 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 05DR014 16.57 16.57 16.57 16.57 05DR015 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 05DR016 3.46 3.46 3.46 3.46 05DR017 30.34 30.34 30.34 30.34 05DR018 27.72 27.72 27.72 27.72 05DR019 31.75 31.75 31.75 31.75 05DR020 37.38 37.38 37.38 37.38 05DR021 11.46 11.46 11.46 11.46 05DR022 4.94 4.94 4.94 4.94 05DR023 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.30 05DR024 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 05DR025 7.43 7.43 7.43 7.43 05DR026 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 05DR027 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 05DR028 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 05VR029 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 05VR030 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 Total 370.62 370.62 370.62 370.62

3.2 IMPROVEMENT Improvement refers to actions required to improve the road to bring it to a maintainable all weather standard. It includes the following actions, which for Morangare described in more detail in the subsequent sections. 1． Rehabilitation - Significant repairsrequired to bring a very poor road back to a maintainable standard. This does not include any changes to the original surface type. 2． Gravelling - Placement of a gravel layer to make it all-weather and ensure that the road remains passable during the rainy season. 3． Cross drainage - Placement of suitable cross-drainage structures with the aim of making the road all-weather and ensuring that the road remains passable even during the rainy season 4． Protective structures - Placement of retaining walls to avoid excessive damage to the road during the rainy season and bring it to a maintainable standard. 5． Blacktopping - Placement of a blacktop layer in roads with traffic volumes exceeding 100 passenger car units (PCU)to reduce damage to the road surface 6． Widening - Increase of the road width in roads with traffic volumes exceeding 500 passenger car units (PCU)to ensure the proper flow of traffic.

3.2.1 REHABILITATION No rehabilitation needs were identified in the district road core network.

Table 3.2.1 Sections of the district road core network requiring rehabilitation Code Description Total length (km) Gravelling (km) Total 0.00 0.00

3.2.2 GRAVELLING Gravelling of the road surface is required for the earthen sections in the district road core network. For Morang these concerns a total of 105.49km as can be seen in the table below.

Table 3.2.2 Sections of the district road core network requiring gravelling

Total length Gravelling Code VDCs (km) (km) 05DR005 Bhatigachha- Rangeli Road 4.66 0.55 05DR006 Rani- Budhanagar- Tarigama Boarder 12.21 1.68 05DR007 Kerabari -Patigau-Danda Bazar 12.75 10.36

05DR008 Khorsane- Kerabari - Singhadevi - Samewa 38.26 23.11 Katahari -Lakshmaniya- Pokhariya -Nocha - 05DR014 Amahi (Boarder) 16.57 2.49 05DR017 Belbari- Lokhara -Bhogteni- Aaitabare 30.34 15.45 Lakshmimarga -Dangihat - Banoul- Babiyabirta - 05DR019 Daulatpur- Karsiya- Amahi 31.75 2.73 Kanepokhari- Letang -Warangi- 6 No. 05DR020 Budhabare 37.38 25.43 05DR023 Aamgachhi -Takuwa 7.30 0.22 05DR026 Kisanchock -Tandi -Ramite- Miklajung 35.50 20.02 05VR029 Patiyapada- Sunbarsi 5.00 1.65 05VR030 Rangeli Road - Kudauli- Bardanga 5.65 1.80 Total length (km) 237.37 105.49

3.2.3 CROSS DRAINAGE The need for cross drainage was identified for the different DRCN roads. A total of 9 bridges with a total length of 280 m for existing road and 50 m for new construction road, 14 slab culverts with a total length of 42m, 66causeway with a total length of 475m, and 259Hume pipes for proposed and existing pipe culverts were identified as being required (see table below).

Table 3.2.3 Requiredcross drainage structures

Code Description Bridge (m) Slab CC Stone Pipe culvert Causeway Causeway culvert (m) (m (m) (units) 05DR001 Sundarpur - Yangsila- Dharan 77 46 05DR002 Mirgauliya- Gothgau 1 05DR003 Nimuwa- Hattimudha- Sis.Badahara-Kohalpur 1 05DR004 Lakhantari -Milan Chock 4 05DR005 Bhatigachha- Rangeli Road 1 05DR006 Rani- Budhanagar- Tarigama Boarder 25 13 6 05DR007 Kerabari -Patigau-Danda Bazar 118 8 88 30 05DR008 Khorsane- Kerabari - Singhadevi - Samewa 73 8 05DR009 Kaseni- Banigama- Dangraha 05DR010 Motipur -Tetariya 3 3 05DR011 Pidarmani -Sidraha 5 05DR012 Bhaudaha -Nayabajar 4 05DR013 Nayabajar- Thalaha 5 05DR014 Katahari -Lakshmaniya- Pokhariya -Nocha -Amahi (Boarder) 2 8 05DR015 SiswaniJahada- Ramchock 05DR016 Kadmaha- Nocha Boarder 05DR017 Belbari- Lokhara -Bhogteni- Aaitabare 17 05DR018 Bhahunne- Aamtola 5 85 22 05DR019 Lakshmimarga -Dangihat - Banoul- Babiyabirta - Daulatpur- Karsiya- Amahi 13 14 05DR020 Kanepokhari- Letang -Warangi- 6 No. Budhabare 38 7 05DR021 Pathari- Jate 1 05DR022 Pathari - BhutaniSibir -Sanischare 05DR023 Aamgachhi -Takuwa 8 05DR024 Gobindapur -Larikatta 5 05DR025 Jhappadtal -Bardanga- Boarder 2 05DR026 Kisanchock -Tandi -Ramite- Miklajung 60 20 173 50 05DR027 Kadupada- Sijuwa- Jhurkiya 05DR028 Mahadewa -Chaukighat 2 05VR029 Patiyapada- Sunbarsi 2 05VR030 Rangeli Road - Kudauli- Bardanga 7 Total 280 42 20 455 259

3.2.4 PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES Based on the road survey carried out in Morang, the following retaining / Breast walls were identified as being required to ensure the protection of the district road core network.

Table 3.2.4 Required protective structures Total length Masonry walls Lined Drain (m) Road (km) (m3) Gabion walls (m3) 05DR001 23.88 100 50 05DR002 4.14 05DR003 7.40 6 30 05DR004 4.24 63 36 05DR005 4.66 05DR006 12.21 05DR007 12.75 6,000 05DR008 38.26 60 18,000 05DR009 7.09 05DR010 3.22 117 05DR011 1.53 05DR012 3.07 05DR013 3.80 200 05DR014 16.57 490 05DR015 2.13 05DR016 3.46 05DR017 30.34 15,000 05DR018 27.72 05DR019 31.75 05DR020 37.38 265 25,000 67 05DR021 11.46 05DR022 4.94 05DR023 7.30 65 05DR024 3.60 05DR025 7.43 05DR026 35.50 390 20,000 45 05DR027 9.32 05DR028 4.82 05VR029 5.00 05VR030 5.65 75 Total 226.29 1,491 84,000 568

3.2.5 WIDENING Widening of the District Road Core Network is required in Morang as the traffic volumes are still well below the 220 vehicles per day. But some of hill roads need to be widened in critical section, to locate passing bays and having the width only 3.0 m. While it is planned to construct drain for water management, obviously the width of road should be increased even the traffic volume is low.

Table 3.2.5 Sections of the district road core network requiring widening Code Description Total length (km) Widening (m) 05DR007 Kerabari-Patigau-Danda Bazar 12.75 6,380 05DR011 Pidarmani -Sidraha 15.30 800 05DR017 Belbari- Lokhara -Bhogteni- Aaitabare 30.34 15,450 05DR020 Kanepokhari- Letang -Warangi- 6 No. Budhabare 37.380 19,770 05DR026 Kisanchock -Tandi -Ramite- Miklajung 35.50 20,020 Total 169.53 62,420

3.2.6 BLACKTOPPING An analysis of the traffic data for the different roads making up the district road core network (see Annex 1) shows that there are all roads that are eligible for blacktopping (traffic volume 100 PCU for Hill Road and 150 PCU for Terrain Road). Although total length for blacktopping is 305.56 km, the length for blacktopping is not provisioned in this DTMP due to lack of financial resources. Another, main priority is given to make earthen DRCNs to all weather by upgrading their surfaces to gravel.

Code VDCs Traffic Blacktop Total Blacktopping (VPD) (km) length (km) (km) 05DR001 Sundarpur - Yangsila- Dharan 175 - 23.88 23.88 05DR002 Mirgauliya- Gothgau 54 0.03 4.14 4.11 05DR003 Nimuwa- Hattimudha- Sis.Badahara-Kohalpur 64 1.48 7.40 5.92 05DR004 Lakhantari -Milan Chock 22 - 4.24 4.24 05DR005 Bhatigachha- Rangeli Road 220 - 4.66 4.66 05DR006 Rani- Budhanagar- Tarigama Boarder 77 0.45 12.21 11.76 05DR007 Kerabari -Patigau-Danda Bazar 6 0.31 12.75 - 05DR008 Khorsane- Kerabari - Singhadevi - Samewa 139 2.95 38.26 35.31 05DR009 Kaseni- Banigama- Dangraha 73 - 7.09 7.09 05DR010 Motipur -Tetariya 167 - 3.22 3.22 05DR011 Pidarmani -Sidraha 5 - 1.53 - 05DR012 Bhaudaha -Nayabajar 57 - 3.07 3.07 05DR013 Nayabajar- Thalaha 135 - 3.80 3.80 05DR014 Katahari -Lakshmaniya- Pokhariya -Nocha - 29 0.86 16.57 15.71 Amahi (Boarder) 05DR015 SiswaniJahada- Ramchock 87 - 2.13 2.13 05DR016 Kadmaha- Nocha Boarder 23 - 3.46 - 05DR017 Belbari- Lokhara -Bhogteni- Aaitabare 97 1.33 30.34 29.01 05DR018 Bhahunne- Aamtola 87 - 27.72 27.72 05DR019 Lakshmimarga -Dangihat - Banoul- Babiyabirta 167 1.06 31.75 30.69 - Daulatpur- Karsiya- Amahi 05DR020 Kanepokhari- Letang -Warangi- 6 No. 120 1.09 37.38 36.29 Budhabare 05DR021 Pathari- Jate 156 - 11.46 11.46 05DR022 Pathari - BhutaniSibir -Sanischare 160 0.44 4.94 4.50 05DR023 Aamgachhi -Takuwa 46 - 7.30 7.30 05DR024 Gobindapur -Larikatta 38 - 3.60 3.60 05DR025 Jhappadtal -Bardanga- Boarder 36 - 7.43 7.43 05DR026 Kisanchock -Tandi -Ramite- Miklajung 93 - 35.50 35.50 05DR027 Kadupada- Sijuwa- Jhurkiya 96 0.24 9.32 9.08 05DR028 Mahadewa -Chaukighat 60 - 4.82 4.82 05VR029 Patiyapada- Sunbarsi 8 - 5.00 - 05VR030 Rangeli Road - Kudauli- Bardanga 25 - 5.65 - Total 10.24 370.62 305.56

3.3 NEW CONSTRUCTION New construction of DRCN roads about 5km is required and 50 m bridge construction required in this new section lies inPatigau VDC headquarter to connect to the existing DRCN. Existing New Bridge Code Description New VDCs length length (m) 05DR007 Kerabari -Patigau-Danda Bazar Patigau 12.75 5.00 50 Total 12.75 5.00 50

3.4 DISTRICT TRANSPORT PERSPECTIVE PLAN The DTPP foresees bringing the entire existing District Road Core Network to maintainable all-weather status by graveling the remaining 105.49km of earthen roads and constructing a number of different cross drainage and protective structures. The district road core network will subsequently consist of 370.62 km of maintainable all-weather roads. The following table lists the required interventions, while the proposed network is shown in the DTPP map in Figure 4.

Table 3.4.1 District Transport Perspective Plan

Code

(m)

(km)

Routine

Periodic

Recurrent

Bridge(m)

Causeway(m)

Emergency

Widening (m)

Lined(m) drain

Gravelling (km)

Slab (m) culvert

Stone Causeway

New construction New

maintenance (km) maintenance (km) maintenance (km) maintenance (km) maintenance

Gabion walls (m3) Gabionwalls

Blacktopping (km)

Pipeculvert (units) Masonrywalls (m3) 05DR001 23.88 23.88 23.88 23.88 - 23.88 - 77 - - - 46 50 100 - - 05DR002 4.14 4.14 4.14 4.14 - 4.11 - - - - - 1 - - - - 05DR003 7.40 7.40 7.40 7.40 - 5.92 - - - - - 1 30 6 - - 05DR004 4.24 4.24 4.24 4.24 - 4.24 - - - - - 4 36 63 - - 05DR005 4.66 4.66 4.66 4.66 0.55 4.66 - - - - - 1 - - - - 05DR006 12.21 12.21 12.21 12.21 1.68 11.76 - 25 12.5 - - 6 - - - - 05DR007 12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75 10.36 - 6,380 168 8.25 - 87.50 30 - - 6,000 5 05DR008 38.26 38.26 38.26 38.26 23.11 35.31 - - - - 72.50 8 - 60 18,000 - 05DR009 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 - 7.09 - - - - - 0 - - - - 05DR010 3.22 3.22 3.22 3.22 - 3.22 - - 2.50 - - 3 - 117 - - 05DR011 1.53 1.53 1.53 1.53 - - 800 - - - - 5 - - - - 05DR012 3.07 3.07 3.07 3.07 - 3.07 - - - - - 4 - - - - 05DR013 3.80 3.80 3.80 3.80 - 3.80 - - - - - 5 200 - - - 05DR014 16.57 16.57 16.57 16.57 2.49 - - - 2.00 - - 8 - 490 - - 05DR015 2.13 2.13 2.13 2.13 - 2.13 - - - - - 0 - - - - 05DR016 3.46 3.46 3.46 3.46 ------0 - - - - 05DR017 30.34 30.34 30.34 30.34 15.45 29.01 15,450 - - - - 17 - - 15,000 - 05DR018 27.72 27.72 27.72 27.72 - 27.72 - - 4.50 - 85.0 22 - - - - 05DR019 31.75 31.75 31.75 31.75 2.73 30.69 - - 12.5 - - 14 - - - - 05DR020 37.38 37.38 37.38 37.38 25.43 36.29 19,770 - - - 37.5 7 67 265 25,000 - 05DR021 11.46 11.46 11.46 11.46 - 11.46 - - - - - 1 - - - - 05DR022 4.94 4.94 4.94 4.94 - 4.50 - - - - - 0 - - - - 05DR023 7.30 7.30 7.30 7.30 0.22 7.30 - - - - - 8 65 - - - 05DR024 3.60 3.60 3.60 3.60 ------5 - - - - 05DR025 7.43 7.43 7.43 7.43 ------2 - - - - 05DR026 35.50 35.50 35.50 35.50 20.02 35.50 20,020 60 - 20 172.50 50 45 390 20,000 - 05DR027 9.32 9.32 9.32 9.32 - 9.08 - - - - - 0 - - - - 05DR028 4.82 4.82 4.82 4.82 - 4.82 - - - - - 2 - - - - 05VR029 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 1.65 ------2 - - - - 05VR030 5.65 5.65 5.65 5.65 1.80 ------7 75 - - - Total 370.62 370.62 370.62 370.62 105.49 305.56 62,420 330 42 20 455 259 568 1,491 84,000 5

Figure 4: District Transport Perspective Plan (DTPP)

W E

INDIA (Bihar)

4 2 0 4 8 km

List of DRCN

Code Total

length

New New

construction

Gravelling (km) Gravelling

Blacktopping Blacktopping (km) (m) Widening 05DR001 23.88 - 23.88 - 05DR002 4.14 - 4.11 - 05DR003 7.40 - 5.92 - 05DR004 4.24 - 4.24 - 05DR005 4.66 0.55 4.66 - 05DR006 12.21 1.68 11.76 - 05DR007 12.75 10.36 - 6,380.00 5.00 05DR008 38.26 23.11 35.31 - 05DR009 7.09 - 7.09 - 05DR010 3.22 - 3.22 - 05DR011 1.53 - - 800.00 05DR012 3.07 - 3.07 - 05DR013 3.80 - 3.80 - 05DR014 16.57 2.49 - - 05DR015 2.13 - 2.13 - 05DR016 3.46 - - - 05DR017 30.34 15.45 29.01 15,450.00 05DR018 27.72 - 27.72 - 05DR019 31.75 2.73 30.69 - 05DR020 37.38 25.43 36.29 19,770.00 05DR021 11.46 - 11.46 - 05DR022 4.94 - 4.50 - 05DR023 7.30 0.22 7.30 - 05DR024 3.60 - - - 05DR025 7.43 - - - 05DR026 35.50 20.02 35.50 20,020.00 05DR027 9.32 - 9.08 - 05DR028 4.82 - 4.82 - 05VR029 5.00 1.65 - - 05VR030 5.65 1.80 - - Total 370.62 105.49 305.56 62,420 5.00

4. COST ESTIMATION

For the cost estimation, use has been made of standard costs for the different activities required. For the conservation activities this results in an estimation of annual costs, while for improvement and new construction activities this result in an estimation of the total costs required.

4.1 CONSERVATION The costs of the required conservation measures have been calculated using the following standard costs. These standard costs have been applied to the entire district road core network, whereby distinction is made based on the surface type in the case of recurrent and periodic maintenance. It must be noted here that the standard costs for periodic maintenance are the average annual costs, but that the cost for applying periodic maintenance in a specific section every several years will be higher (the cumulative cost of several years). The estimated costs for the first year are presented below, while the costs for subsequent years will vary slightly as road surface types change as a result of improvements. Cost estimations for the actual maintenance needs in any given year will be presented in the ARMP.

Table 4.1.1 Standard unit costs for conservation Activity Unit Unit cost (NPR/km) Emergency maintenance km 30,000 Routine maintenance km 20,000 Recurrent maintenance (blacktop) km 500,000 Recurrent maintenance (gravel) km 400,000 Recurrent maintenance (earthen) km 250,000 Periodic maintenance (blacktop) km 200,000 Periodic maintenance (gravel) km 250,000

For the first year the estimated costs for conservation of the DRCN come to NPR 75.6million. Based on this cost for the first year, the costs for conservation of the DRCN for the next 5 years are estimated at NPR 359million. These costs will change slightly as the roads are improved and the standard conservation costs change. This will be updated in the ARMP on an annual basis.

Table 4.1.2 Estimated conservation costs for the first year (NPR ‘000)

cost

Code year

annual

length(km)

(gravel)

Routine

Periodic

(earthen)

Recurrent Recurrent Recurrent

(blacktop) (blacktop)

Emergency

Gravel(km)

Earthen(km)

Blacktop(km)

Periodic(gravel)

Total

Total Total 05DR001 23.88 - 23.88 - 716 478 - 9,552 - - 5,970 16,716 83,580 05DR002 4.14 0.03 4.11 - 124 83 15 1,644 - 8 1,028 2,901 14,505 05DR003 7.40 1.48 5.92 - 222 148 740 2,368 - - 1,480 4,958 24,790 05DR004 4.24 - 4.24 - 127 85 - 1,696 - - 1,060 2,968 14,840 05DR005 4.66 - 4.11 0.55 140 93 - 1,644 138 - 1,028 3,042 15,210 05DR006 12.21 0.45 10.08 1.68 366 244 225 4,032 420 - 2,520 7,808 39,038 05DR007 12.75 0.31 2.08 10.36 383 255 155 832 2,590 - 520 4,735 23,673 05DR008 38.26 2.95 12.20 23.11 1,148 765 1,475 4,880 5,778 - 3,050 17,096 85,478 05DR009 7.09 - 7.09 - 213 142 - 2,836 - - 1,773 4,963 24,815 05DR010 3.22 - 3.22 - 97 64 - 1,288 - - 805 2,254 11,270 05DR011 1.53 - 1.53 - 46 31 - 612 - - 383 1,071 5,355

cost

Code year

annual

length(km)

(gravel)

Routine

Periodic

(earthen)

Recurrent Recurrent Recurrent

(blacktop) (blacktop)

Emergency

Gravel(km)

Earthen(km)

Blacktop(km)

Periodic(gravel)

Total

Total Total 05DR012 3.07 - 3.07 - 92 61 - 1,228 - - 768 2,149 10,745 05DR013 3.80 - 3.80 - 114 76 - 1,520 - - 950 2,660 13,300 05DR014 16.57 0.86 13.22 2.49 497 331 430 5,288 623 - 3,305 10,474 52,370 05DR015 2.13 - 2.13 - 64 43 - 852 - - 533 1,491 7,455 05DR016 3.46 - 3.46 - 104 69 - 1,384 - - 865 2,422 12,110 05DR017 30.34 1.33 13.56 15.45 910 607 665 5,424 3,863 - 3,390 14,859 74,293 05DR018 27.72 - 27.72 - 832 554 - 11,088 - - 6,930 19,404 97,020 05DR019 31.75 1.06 27.96 2.73 953 635 530 11,184 683 - 6,990 20,974 104,870 05DR020 37.38 1.09 10.86 25.43 1,121 748 545 4,344 6,358 - 2,715 15,831 79,153 05DR021 11.46 - 11.46 - 344 229 - 4,584 - - 2,865 8,022 40,110 05DR022 4.94 0.44 4.50 - 148 99 220 1,800 - - 1,125 3,392 16,960 05DR023 7.30 - 7.08 0.22 219 146 - 2,832 55 - 1,770 5,022 25,110 05DR024 3.60 - 3.60 - 108 72 - 1,440 - - 900 2,520 12,600 05DR025 7.43 - 7.43 - 223 149 - 2,972 - - 1,858 5,201 26,005 05DR026 35.50 - 15.48 20.02 1,065 710 - 6,192 5,005 - 3,870 16,842 84,210 05DR027 9.32 0.24 9.08 - 280 186 120 3,632 - - 2,270 6,488 32,440 05DR028 4.82 - 4.82 - 145 96 - 1,928 - - 1,205 3,374 16,870 05VR029 5.00 - 3.35 1.65 150 100 - 1,340 413 - 838 2,840 14,200 05VR030 5.65 - 3.85 1.80 170 113 - 1,540 450 - 963 3,235 16,175 Total 370.62 10.24 254.89 105.49 11,119 7,412 5,120 101,956 26,373 8 63,723 215,710 1,078,548

4.2 IMPROVEMENT The costs of the required improvement measures have been calculated using the following standard costs. These standard costs have been applied to the identified improvement requirements presented in the previous chapter.

Table 4.2.1 Standard unit costs for improvement activities Activity Unit Unit cost (NPR) Rehabilitation km 800,000 Widening m 1,200 Gravelling km 1,500,000 Blacktopping km 5,000,000 Bridge construction m 700,000 Slab culvert construction m 200,000 CC Causeway construction m 100,000 Stone Causeway construction m 10,000 Pipe culvert placement unit 10,000 Masonry wall construction m3 7,000 Gabion wall construction m3 3,400 Lined drain construction m 1,800

The resulting total estimated costs come to NPR 2,134million including cost of blacktopping but DDC is planning to upgrade earthen road to gravel first by the end of DTMP so the cost for improvement is taken as 578 million for next five year as indicated in the table below.

Table 4.2.2 Cost estimate for improvement measures (NPR ‘000)

walls

Code

(km)

Stone

Bridges

causeways

Widening

Totalcost

Gravelling

causeways

LinedDrain

Pipe culvert Pipe

Slab Culvert Slab

Totallength

Gabionwalls

Blacktopping

CC Masonry 05DR001 23.88 - - 119,400 53,900 - - - 460 350 340 - 174,450 05DR002 4.14 - - 20,550 - - - - 10 - - - 20,560 05DR003 7.40 - - 29,600 - - - - 10 210 21 - 29,841 05DR004 4.24 - - 21,200 - - - - 40 252 214 - 21,706 05DR005 4.66 - 825 23,300 - - - - 10 - - - 24,135 05DR006 12.21 - 2,520 58,800 17,500 2,500 - - 60 - - - 81,380 05DR007 12.75 7,656 15,540 - 82,600 1,650 - 875 300 - - 10,800 119,421 05DR008 38.26 - 34,665 176,550 - - - 725 80 - 204 32,400 244,624 05DR009 7.09 - - 35,450 ------35,450 05DR010 3.22 - - 16,100 - 500 - - 30 - 398 - 17,028 05DR011 1.53 960 ------50 - - - 1,010 05DR012 3.07 - - 15,350 - - - - 40 - - - 15,390 05DR013 3.80 - - 19,000 - - - - 50 1,400 - - 20,450 05DR014 16.57 - 3,735 - - 400 - - 80 - 1,666 - 5,881 05DR015 2.13 - - 10,650 ------10,650 05DR016 3.46 ------05DR017 30.34 18,540 23,175 145,050 - - - 850 170 - - 27,000 214,785 05DR018 27.72 - - 138,600 - 900 - - 220 - - - 139,720 05DR019 31.75 - 4,095 153,450 - 2,500 - - 140 - - - 160,185 05DR020 37.38 23,724 38,145 181,450 - - - 375 70 469 901 45,000 290,134 05DR021 11.46 - - 57,300 - - - - 10 - - - 57,310 05DR022 4.94 - - 22,500 ------22,500 05DR023 7.30 - 330 36,500 - - - - 80 455 - - 37,365 05DR024 3.60 ------50 - - - 50 05DR025 7.43 ------20 - - - 20 05DR026 35.50 24,024 30,030 177,500 42,000 - 2,000 1,725 500 315 1,326 36,000 315,420 05DR027 9.32 - - 45,400 ------45,400 05DR028 4.82 - - 24,100 - - - - 20 - - - 24,120 05VR029 5.00 - 2,475 - - - - - 20 - - - 2,495 05VR030 5.65 - 2,700 - - - - - 70 525 - - 3,295 Total 370.62 74,904 158,235 1,527,800 196,000 8,450 2,000 4,550 2,590 3,976 5,070 151,200 2,134,775

4.3 NEW CONSTRUCTION New construction is planned and therefore cost estimation has been carried out.

New Code Description length Opening up Gravelling Bridges Total cost (km) (NPR) (NPR) (NPR) (NPR)

05DR007 Kerabari -Patigau-Danda Bazar 5.00 20,000 7,500 35,000 62,500

Total 5.00 20,000 7,500 35,000 62,500

4.4 DTPP COSTS The total costs for the District Transport Perspective Plan come to NPR 3,276million as indicated in the table below.

Table 4.4.1 DTPP costs (NPR ‘000) Code Conservation Improvement New Total construction 05DR001 83,580 174,450 - 258,030 05DR002 14,505 20,560 - 35,065 05DR003 24,790 29,841 - 54,631 05DR004 14,840 21,706 - 36,546 05DR005 15,210 24,135 - 39,345 05DR006 39,038 81,380 - 120,418 05DR007 23,673 119,421 62,500 205,594 05DR008 85,478 244,624 - 330,102 05DR009 24,815 35,450 - 60,265 05DR010 11,270 17,028 - 28,298 05DR011 5,355 1,010 - 6,365 05DR012 10,745 15,390 - 26,135 05DR013 13,300 20,450 - 33,750 05DR014 52,370 5,881 - 58,251 05DR015 7,455 10,650 - 18,105 05DR016 12,110 - - 12,110 05DR017 74,293 214,785 - 289,078 05DR018 97,020 139,720 - 236,740 05DR019 104,870 160,185 - 265,055 05DR020 79,153 290,134 - 369,287 05DR021 40,110 57,310 - 97,420 05DR022 16,960 22,500 - 39,460 05DR023 25,110 37,365 - 62,475 05DR024 12,600 50 - 12,650 05DR025 26,005 20 - 26,025 05DR026 84,210 315,420 - 399,630 05DR027 32,440 45,400 - 77,840 05DR028 16,870 24,120 - 40,990 05VR029 14,200 2,495 - 16,695 05VR030 16,175 3,295 - 19,470 Total 1,078,548 2,134,775 62,500 3,275,823

5. RANKING

The ranking of the required interventions determines the order in which they will be carried out. This ranking is done separately for conservation, improvement and new construction. Ranking is done according to the cost per person served, whereby the costs are the estimated costs of the previous chapter. For the calculation of the population served, use is made of the population data for the VDCs linked by the road concerned. This data is presented in 0.

5.1 CONSERVATION Ranking of roads for conservation is based on the total conservation costs per person served by the road. This ranking of roads will be updated each year in the ARMP based on the actual cost estimates for the year concerned. An example ranking is provided in the table below based on standard costs for the first year.

Table 5.1.1 Ranking of conservation works (NPR ‘000)

Recurrent

Totalcost

(km) Emergency 1. Routine 2. 3. (paved) Recurrent 4. (gravel) Recurrent 5. (earth) Periodic 6. (blacktop) Periodic 7. (gravel) (NPR '000) Population served Cost/person (NPR) Code Totallength 05DR022 4.94 148 99 220 1,800 - - 1,125 3,392 55,762 61 05DR024 3.60 108 72 - 1,440 - - 900 2,520 18,448 137 05VR029 5.00 150 100 - 1,340 413 - 838 2,840 18,448 154 05DR010 3.22 97 64 - 1,288 - - 805 2,254 13,240 170 05DR016 3.46 104 69 - 1,384 - - 865 2,422 13,584 178 05DR002 4.14 124 83 15 1,644 - 8 1,028 2,901 15,916 182 05DR007 12.75 383 255 155 832 2,590 - 520 4,735 22,276 213 05DR005 4.66 140 93 - 1,644 138 - 1,028 3,042 13,899 219 05DR021 11.46 344 229 - 4,584 - - 2,865 8,022 35,519 226 05DR011 1.53 46 31 - 612 - - 383 1,071 4,618 232 05DR027 9.32 280 186 120 3,632 - - 2,270 6,488 26,120 248 05DR015 2.13 64 43 - 852 - - 533 1,491 5,890 253 05VR030 5.65 170 113 - 1,540 450 - 963 3,235 12,040 269 05DR012 3.07 92 61 - 1,228 - - 768 2,149 7,640 281 05DR013 3.80 114 76 - 1,520 - - 950 2,660 9,318 285 05DR018 27.72 832 554 - 11,088 - - 6,930 19,404 65,377 297 05DR003 7.40 222 148 740 2,368 - - 1,480 4,958 15,660 317 05DR009 7.09 213 142 - 2,836 - - 1,773 4,963 15,048 330 05DR023 7.30 219 146 - 2,832 55 - 1,770 5,022 15,210 330 05DR008 38.26 1,148 765 1,475 4,880 5,778 - 3,050 17,096 50,645 338 05DR019 31.75 953 635 530 11,184 683 - 6,990 20,974 61,806 339 05DR001 23.88 716 478 - 9,552 - - 5,970 16,716 46,843 357 05DR014 16.57 497 331 430 5,288 623 - 3,305 10,474 26,546 395 05DR025 7.43 223 149 - 2,972 - - 1,858 5,201 12,040 432 05DR017 30.34 910 607 665 5,424 3,863 - 3,390 14,859 30,907 481 05DR006 12.21 366 244 225 4,032 420 - 2,520 7,808 14,879 525 05DR004 4.24 127 85 - 1,696 - - 1,060 2,968 4,939 601 05DR028 4.82 145 96 - 1,928 - - 1,205 3,374 5,545 608 05DR020 37.38 1,121 748 545 4,344 6,358 - 2,715 15,831 24,900 636 05DR026 35.50 1,065 710 - 6,192 5,005 - 3,870 16,842 15,953 1,056

The allocation of maintenance funding will follow a specific sequence indicated below, and will be applied to the road ranking as defined in the ARMP. This will be of particular importance where funding is insufficient to cover all conservation costs. 1． Emergency maintenance 2． Routine maintenance 3． Recurrent maintenance paved roads 4． Recurrent maintenance gravel roads 5． Recurrent maintenance gravel roads 6． Periodic maintenance blacktop roads 7． Periodic maintenance gravel roads

5.2 IMPROVEMENT In the case of improvement activities, ranking is again based on the basis of the total cost per person served. The resulting order of the roads is shown in the table below.

Table 5.2.1 Ranking of improvement works (NPR ‘000) Total length Gravelling Blacktopping Total cost Population Cost/person Code (km) (km) (km) (NPR '000) served (NPR) 05DR016 3.46 - - - 13,584 - 05DR025 7.43 - - 20 12,040 2 05DR024 3.60 - - 50 18,448 3 05VR029 5.00 1.65 - 2,495 18,448 135 05DR011 1.53 - - 1,010 4,618 219 05DR014 16.57 2.49 - 5,881 26,546 222 05VR030 5.65 1.80 - 3,295 12,040 274 05DR022 4.94 - 4.50 22,500 55,762 404 05DR010 3.22 - 3.22 17,028 13,240 1,286 05DR002 4.14 - 4.11 20,560 15,916 1,292 05DR021 11.46 - 11.46 57,310 35,519 1,614 05DR005 4.66 0.55 4.66 24,135 13,899 1,736 05DR027 9.32 - 9.08 45,400 26,120 1,738 05DR015 2.13 - 2.13 10,650 5,890 1,808 05DR003 7.40 - 5.92 29,841 15,660 1,906 05DR012 3.07 - 3.07 15,390 7,640 2,014 05DR018 27.72 - 27.72 139,720 65,377 2,137 05DR013 3.80 - 3.80 20,450 9,318 2,195 05DR009 7.09 - 7.09 35,450 15,048 2,356 05DR023 7.30 0.22 7.30 37,365 15,210 2,457 05DR019 31.75 2.73 30.69 160,185 61,806 2,592 05DR001 23.88 - 23.88 174,450 46,843 3,724 05DR028 4.82 - 4.82 24,120 5,545 4,350 05DR004 4.24 - 4.24 21,706 4,939 4,395 05DR008 38.26 23.11 35.31 244,624 50,645 4,830 05DR007 12.75 10.36 - 119,421 22,276 5,361 05DR006 12.21 1.68 11.76 81,380 14,879 5,469 05DR017 30.34 15.45 29.01 214,785 30,907 6,949 05DR020 37.38 25.43 36.29 290,134 24,900 11,652 05DR026 35.50 20.02 35.50 315,420 15,953 19,772

NEW CONSTRUCTION For the roads proposed for new construction, ranking is also according to the cost per person served by the new road. The resulting ranking is indicated in the table below.

Table 5.3.1 Ranking of new construction works.

Total length Total cost Population Cost/person Code (km) (NPR '000) served (NPR) 05DR007 5.00 62,500 22,276 2,806

6. DISTRICT TRANSPORT MASTER PLAN (DTMP)

The District Transport Master Plan (DTMP) that covers the next five years is prepared based on the projected financial resources available and the prioritized transport interventions as listed in the DTPP. Year-wise targets are prepared for the different roads and intervention types.

6.1 FIVE YEAR PROJECTED FINANCIAL RESOURCES The projected financial resources for the next five years are estimated by considering all possible funding sources. The funding levels are based on the existingtrend of funding. Anannual increase in funding of 15% is assumedfor all the available funds. The total district budget for the road sector is NPR 1,333million for the five-year period.

Table 6.1.1 Estimatedfunding levels (roads) for next five years (in NPR ‘000) Fiscal Year Source of Budget 067/68 068/69 069/70 070/071 071/072 SWAp (regular) 35,100 40,365 46,420 53,383 61,390 DDC Internal Budget and MLD Grant 41,937 54,518 62,696 72,100 82,915 RBN +DDC matching 2,420 2,783 3,200 3,681 4,233 VDC grant 34,606 39,797 45,766 52,631 60,526 DFID Fund 44,400 53,280 61,272 70,463 81,032 Sub- Total 158,463 190,743 219,354 252,258 290,096 Peoples Participation 31693 38149 43871 50452 58019 Total 190,156 228,892 263,225 302,709 348,116 Grand total 1,333,097

6.2 DISTRIBUTION OF BUDGET The distribution of the available district road sector budget is indicated in the figure below of the total district budget for the road sector, 75% is initially reserved for the district road core network and its allocation is further detailed in this DTMP. The remaining 25% can be used by the DDC at its own discretion to provide additional funding for village roads. Alternatively the expansion of the district road core network can be contemplated.

The reason for high allocation to the DRCN is the fact that the DRCN has to complete first and much already has a maintainable standard. The required budget for the conservation, improvements and new construction isNPR 3, 275 million. In addition, the size of the village road network is very large and requires significant funding to conserve and improve it. An allocation of 75% will therefore allow the improvement of the DRCN to be completed as all- weather within the five year DTMP period. Some funds (25%) are provisioned during 5 years to bring these roads in maintainable condition and the village roads which can be maintained as all-weather after DRCN completed.

The 35% of the district road sector budget for the DTMP is allocated firstly to conservation, remaining58% funding is allocated to improvementand 6% funding is allocated for new construction. Any remaining funds in the DTMP period can be used for village roads or alternatively for the expansion of the DRCN.

Figure 5District road sector budget allocation District Road Sector Budget

75% 25% District road core network Village roads DTMP

1. Conservation Of DRCN roads

2. Improvement For village Of DRCN roads roads

ARMP

Based on this distribution of the estimated budget, the available annual budget for each intervention type and the resulting district road core network length by surface type can be calculated. The results are shown in the following table.

Table 6.2.1 Investment plan Item Year Fiscal year 2069/70 2070/71 2071/72 2072/73 2073/74 Total budget 190,156 228,892 263,225 302,709 348,116 Village roads 47,539 57,223 65,806 75,677 87,029 Core road network budget (DTMP) 142,617 171,669 197,419 227,032 261,087 Core network length (km) 370.62 370.62 370.62 370.62 370.62 Blacktop (km) 10.24 17.84 31.63 51.28 63.69 Gravel (km) 254.89 254.00 241.44 227.52 229.03 Earthen (km) 105.49 98.78 97.55 91.82 77.89 Conservation 75,662 68,162 67,152 74,152 74,152 Emergency 2,532 2,532 2,532 4,532 4,532 Routine - 500 1,500 1,500 1,500 Recurrent (blacktop) 5,120 5,120 5,120 5,120 5,120 Recurrent (gravel) 50,000 35,000 35,000 40,000 40,000 Recurrent (earthen) 17,010 17,010 12,000 12,000 12,000 Periodic (blacktop) 1,000 - 1,000 1,000 1,000 Periodic (gravel) - 8,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 Improvement Cost BT GR 74,241 BT GR 79,631 BT GR 163,422 BT GR 181,272 BT GR 214,069 BT GR 05DR016 ------05DR025 20 - - 20 ------05DR024 50 - - 30 ------

05DR011 2,495 - 1.65 2,495 - 1.65 ------05VR029 1,010 - - 400 ------

05DR014 5,881 - 2.49 5,881 - 2.49 ------05VR030 3,295 - 1.80 3,295 - 1.80 ------05DR022 22,500 4.50 ------

05DR010 17,028 3.22 ------

05DR002 20,560 4.11 ------

05DR021 57,310 11.46 ------

05DR005 24,135 4.66 0.55 17,135 3.31 0.39 ------

05DR027 45,400 9.08 ------

05DR015 10,650 2.13 ------

05DR003 29,841 5.92 ------

05DR012 15,390 3.07 ------05DR018 139,720 27.72 ------05DR013 20,450 3.80 ------05DR009 35,450 7.09 ------05DR023 37,365 7.30 0.22 ------05DR019 160,185 30.69 2.73 22,393 4.29 0.38 72,000 13.79 1.23 65,792 12.61 1.12 ------05DR028 174,450 23.88 ------05DR004 24,120 4.82 ------05DR007 21,706 4.24 ------05DR006 244,624 35.31 23.11 - - - - 48,788 7.04 4.61 86,000 12.41 8.12 - - - 05DR008 119,421 - 10.36 ------66,880 - 5.80 52,541 - 4.56 05DR017 81,380 11.76 1.68 ------05DR001 214,785 29.01 15.45 ------30,000 4.05 2.16 05DR020 290,134 36.29 25.43 ------35,000 4.38 3.07 05DR026 315,420 35.50 20.02 ------69,394 7.81 4.40 Total improvement 51,649 7.60 6.71 72,000 13.79 1.23 114,580 19.65 5.73 152,880 12.41 13.93 186,935 16.24 14.19 Remaining budget - - - - - GR - GR - GR - GR - GR - 05DR007 15,306 - 31,507 - 15,687 - - - - - Total new construction 15,306 - 31,507 - 15,687 - - - - -

6.3 DTMP OUTPUTS Based on the investment plan presented above, 83% ofDRCN roads will be improved to the maintainable all-weather standard with a surface type appropriate to their traffic volume by the end of the DTMP period. 17% will remains the fair weather standard. A total 370.62km of DRCN roads (the entire DRCN) will not be conserved for the full DTMP period, while 41.78km will be upgraded from earthen to gravel standard. Table 6.3.1 DTMP output Conservation Improvement gravel Improvement blacktop New construction 370.62 41.78 69.69 5.00

Of the total DTMP budget, NPR 425million will be spent on conservation,NPR 300million on improvementand NPR 62 million on new construction.

6.4 DTMP OUTCOMES As a result of the activities planned in this DTMP, the percentage of all-weather maintainable DRCN roads increases by 11%,from 265.13km to 306.91km, bringing the entire DRCN to a maintainable all-weather standard. The percentage of the network with a blacktop standard will be as of 79.93 km.

Table 6.4.1 Standard of DRCN roads Total length Fair-weather All-weather gravel All-weather blacktop km Km % km % km % Start of DTMP 370.62 105.49 28% 254.89 69% 10.24 3% End of DTMP 370.62 63.71 17% 226.98 61% 79.93 22% Difference - - 41.78 -11% - 27.91 -8% 69.69 19%

The number of Metropolitan/Municipalities and VDC headquarters with access to the SRN or all-weather DRCN roads will increase from 58 to 66 and the district population with access to the SRN or all-weather DRCN roads will increase from 95% to 100%.

Table 6.4.2 Population with access to road network

No access to Direct access to SRN Fair-weather core roads All-weather core roads

road

% % % %

VDCs VDCs VDCs VDCs

Population Population Population Population Start of 25 613,600 59% 0 - 0% 7 46,973 5% 58 988,517 95% DTMP End of 25 613,600 59% 0 - 0% 0 - 0% 66 1,038,457 100% DTMP Difference - - 0% - - 0% - 7 - 46,973 -5% 8 49,940 5%

In addition to the above, 25% of the district level road sector budget will be allocated to village road conservation and improvement.

Figure 6: District Transport Master Plan (DTMP)

E W S

INDIA (Bihar)

4 2 0 4 8 km

ANNEX 1 TRAFFIC DATA

Total Car-Jeep- VPD Code Length (km) Motorcycle Minibus Tractor Truck-Bus PCU 05DR001 23.88 235 65 90 40 523 195 05DR002 4.14 130 23 23 8 166 54 05DR003 7.40 140 15 45 4 191 64 05DR004 4.24 210 3 14 5 156 22 05DR005 4.66 165 23 183 14 528 220 05DR006 12.21 185 23 43 11 246 77 05DR007 12.75 38 1 5 0 30 6 05DR008 38.26 205 47 54 38 410 139 05DR009 7.09 225 23 33 17 270 73 05DR010 3.22 123 17 145 5 389 167 05DR011 1.53 33 2 3 0 25 5 05DR012 3.07 190 6 45 6 215 57 05DR013 3.80 138 0 135 0 339 135 05DR014 16.57 110 7 18 4 114 29 05DR015 2.13 190 11 63 13 284 87 05DR016 3.46 90 6 13 4 93 23 05DR017 30.34 250 12 68 17 341 97 05DR018 27.72 270 33 31 23 322 87 05DR019 31.75 290 54.0 75 38 501 167 05DR020 37.38 149 40.0 42.0 38 351 120 05DR021 11.46 210 45.0 73 38 448 156 05DR022 4.94 275 75.0 50 35 453 160 05DR023 7.30 170 11.0 28 7 180 46 05DR024 3.60 53 4.0 28 6 111 38 05DR025 7.43 113 7.0 23 6 134 36 05DR026 35.50 140 33.0 55 5 233 93 05DR027 9.32 185 45.0 28 23 286 96 05DR028 4.82 110 5.0 50 5 180 60 05VR029 5.00 45 3.0 4 1 38 8 05VR030 5.65 45 2.0 23 0 71 25

ANNEX 2 POPULATION SERVED

VDC

SRN

05VR029 05VR030

05DR001 05DR002 05DR003 05DR004 05DR005 05DR006 05DR007 05DR008 05DR009 05DR010 05DR011 05DR012 05DR013 05DR014 05DR015 05DR016 05DR017 05DR018 05DR019 05DR020 05DR021 05DR022 05DR023 05DR024 05DR025 05DR026 05DR027 05DR028 Population 1 AmaiBariyati 7,421 X X 2 Amardaha 17,453 X 3 Amgachhi 6,226 X 4 BabiyaBirta 17,855 X 5 Bahuni 15,131 X 6 Baijanathpur 5,544 X 7 Banigama 9,902 X 8 Bardanga 12,040 X X 9 Bayarban 24,933 X 10 Belbari 24,085 X X 11 Bhaudaha 7,640 X 12 Bhogateni 6,822 X X 13 Biratnagar 205,463 X 14 Budhanagar 14,879 X 15 Dadarbairiya 9,755 X 16 Dainiya 14,899 X 17 Dangihat 23,880 X X 18 Dangraha 6,172 X 19 Drabesha 20,580 X X 20 Dulari 12,582 X 21 Govindapur 18,448 X X

22 Haraicha 7,797 X

VDC

SRN

05VR029 05VR030

05DR001 05DR002 05DR003 05DR004 05DR005 05DR006 05DR007 05DR008 05DR009 05DR010 05DR011 05DR012 05DR013 05DR014 05DR015 05DR016 05DR017 05DR018 05DR019 05DR020 05DR021 05DR022 05DR023 05DR024 05DR025 05DR026 05DR027 05DR028 Population 23 Hasandaha 13,270 X 24 Hathimudha 9,770 X 25 Hoklabari 5,786 X 26 Indrapur 21,151 X X 27 Itahara 19,179 X 28 Jate 8,913 X 29 Jhorahat 5,971 X 30 Jhurkiya 12,127 X 31 Kaseni 8,876 X 32 Katahari 23,153 X 33 Kadmaha 8,860 X 34 Kerabari 19,309 X X X 35 Keroun 15,326 X 36 Lakhantari 4,939 X 37 Letang 20,731 X 38 Madhumalla 23,700 X 39 Mahadeva 5,545 X 40 Majhare 10,983 X 41 Bhatigachha 13,899 X 42 Motipur 6,386 X 43 Mrigauliya 15,916 X 44 Nocha 4,724 X X 45 Pathari 26,606 X X X 46 Patigaun 2,967 X 47 Pokhariya 3,418 X 48 Rajghat 15,679 X 49 RamiteKhola 3,925 X

VDC

SRN

05VR029 05VR030

05DR001 05DR002 05DR003 05DR004 05DR005 05DR006 05DR007 05DR008 05DR009 05DR010 05DR011 05DR012 05DR013 05DR014 05DR015 05DR016 05DR017 05DR018 05DR019 05DR020 05DR021 05DR022 05DR023 05DR024 05DR025 05DR026 05DR027 05DR028 Population 50 Rangeli 18,430 X 51 Sanischare 29,156 X 52 Sidharaha 4,618 X 53 Sijuwa 13,993 X 54 Singhadevi 3,363 X 55 Siswanibadahara 5,890 X X 56 Sisawanijahada 8,809 57 Sorabhag 12,650 X 58 Sundarpur 19,243 X X 59 Takuwa 8,984 X 60 Tandi 12,028 X 61 Tankisinuwari 20,317 X 62 Tetariya 6,854 X X 63 Thalaha 9,318 X 64 Urlabari 31,728 X 65 Warangi 4,169 X

66 Yangshila 8,291 X

Total population 1,038,457

4,618 7,640 9,318 5,890 5,545

4,939

46,843 15,916 15,660 13,899 14,879 22,276 50,645 15,048 13,240 26,546 13,584 30,907 65,377 61,806 24,900 35,519 55,762 15,210 18,448 12,040 15,953 26,120 18,448 12,040

613,600 Total 66 VDCs/municipalities 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 4 2 2 1 1 1 4 1 2 2 4 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 25 Source: 2010 Census (* = 2001 census)

ANNEX 3 LOCATION OF PROPOSED STRUCTURES

Code Description Bridge (m) Slab culvert Stone Stone Pipe culvert Coordinates (m) Causeway Causeway (units) (m) (m) X Y 05DR001 Sundarpur - Yangsila- Dharan 77 46 05DR002 Mirgauliya- Gothgau 1 05DR003 Nimuwa- Hattimudha- Sis.Badahara-Kohalpur 1 05DR004 Lakhantari -Milan Chock 4 05DR005 Bhatigachha- Rangeli Road 1 05DR006 Rani- Budhanagar- Tarigama Boarder 25 13 6 05DR007 Kerabari-Patigau-Danda Bazar 118 8 88 30 05DR008 Khorsane- Kerabari - Singhadevi - Samewa 73 8 05DR009 Kaseni- Banigama- Dangraha 05DR010 Motipur -Tetariya 3 3 05DR011 Pidarmani -Sidraha 5 05DR012 Bhaudaha -Nayabajar 4 05DR013 Nayabajar- Thalaha 5 05DR014 Katahari -Lakshmaniya- Pokhariya -Nocha -Amahi 2 8 (Boarder) 05DR015 SiswaniJahada- Ramchock 05DR016 Kadmaha- Nocha Boarder 05DR017 Belbari- Lokhara -Bhogteni- Aaitabare 85 17 05DR018 Bhahunne- Aamtola 5 22 05DR019 Lakshmimarga -Dangihat - Banoul- Babiyabirta - 13 14 Daulatpur- Karsiya- Amahi 05DR020 Kanepokhari- Letang -Warangi- 6 No. Budhabare 38 7 05DR021 Pathari- Jate 1 05DR022 Pathari - BhutaniSibir -Sanischare 05DR023 Aamgachhi -Takuwa 8 05DR024 Gobindapur -Larikatta 5 05DR025 Jhappadtal -Bardanga- Boarder 2 05DR026 Kisanchock -Tandi -Ramite- Miklajung 60 20 173 50 05DR027 Kadupada- Sijuwa- Jhurkiya

05DR028 Mahadewa -Chaukighat 2 05VR029 Patiyapada- Sunbarsi 2 05VR030 Rangeli Road - Kudauli- Bardanga 7 Total 280 42 20 455 259

TABLE A2.2 - LEVEL OF ACCESS

VDC/municipality

weather weather weather

S.No. weather

- -

DTMP DTMP DTMP DTMP DTMP DTMP

- -

to to SRN

No access No access No end DRCN end DRCN end DRCN

DRCN start DRCN start DRCN start DRCN

All All

Fair Fair Directaccess 1 AmaiBariyati X X 2 Amardaha X X X 3 Amgachhi X X 4 BabiyaBirta X X 5 Bahuni X X 6 Baijanathpur X X X 7 Banigama X X X 8 Bardanga X X 9 Bayarban X X X 10 Belbari X X X 11 Bhaudaha X X 12 Bhogateni X X 13 Biratnagar X X X 14 Budhanagar X X 15 Dadarbairiya X X X 16 Dainiya X X X 17 Dangihat X X 18 Dangraha 33 X X

19 Drabesha X X X 20 Dulari X X X 21 Govindapur X X 22 Haraicha X X X 23 Hasandaha X X X 24 Hathimudha X X 25 Hoklabari X X 26 Indrapur X X X 27 Itahara X X X 28 Jate X X 29 Jhorahat X X X 30 Jhurkiya X X 31 Kaseni X X 32 Katahari X X X 33 Kadmaha X X 34 Kerabari X X 35 Keroun X X X 36 Lakhantari X X 37 Letang X X 38 Madhumalla X X X 39 Mahadeva X X 40 Majhare X X 41 Bhatigachha X X 42 Motipur X X 43 Mrigauliya X X 44 Nocha X X 45 Pathari X X X 46 Patigaun X 47 Pokhariya X X

48 Rajghat X X X 49 RamiteKhola X X 50 Rangeli X X X 51 Sanischare X X 52 Sidharaha X X 53 Sijuwa X X 54 Singhadevi X X 55 Siswanibadahara X X 56 Sisawanijahada X X 57 Sorabhag X X 58 Sundarpur X X X 59 Takuwa X X 60 Tandi X X 61 Tankisinuwari X X X 62 Tetariya X X X 63 Thalaha X X 64 Urlabari X X X 65 Warangi X X

66 Yangshila

X X

- - -

Total population 46,973

988,517 988,517 613,600

1,038,457 1,038,457

Total VDCs 0 0 7 0 58 66 25

Table A4.1 Overall Road Inventory

Road Road Name

code

- -

(km)or

Poor

Good/

Top

Fair

coordinate

Condition Condition

Impassable Impassable

All All Weather

Length (km)

Temporarily

Permanently

FairWeather

Condition

or XY or

Conditiom

Startchainage (km)

Surface Black Type:

Surface : Type Earth

Endchainage Surface : Type Gravel Sanishchare-Gandhi Ashram -Rangeli (Gandhi 05VR001 26.23 0.49 25.74 26.23 0 26.23 0 ManmohanMarga) 05VR002 Pathari - Dinaya - Sikti (Border) 29.09 0.09 29 29.09 0 29.09 0

05VR003 Bahunne - Amtola 25.38 25.38 25.38 0 25.38 0

05VR004 Gachiya - Puspalalchowk(Birat Nagar) 23.16 0.51 21.19 1.46 21.7 1.46 21.7 1.46

05VR005 Chatra canal - Keroun 28.85 28.85 28.85 0 28.85 0

05VR006 Kanepokhari-(MRM)-Letang-6 No Budhabare 39.11 0.44 10.87 27.8 11.31 27.8 11.31 27.8

05VR007 Kadupada - Sijuwa - Jhurkiya 13.62 13.62 13.62 0 13.62 0

05VR008 Jhorahat-Kathari-Tarigama 22.3 5.69 14.68 1.93 20.37 1.93 20.37 1.93

05VR009 Ramailo - Dohabana - Dhanjuga - Darbesha - Rangeli road 21.22 20.11 1.11 20.11 1.11 20.11 1.11

05VR010 Duhabi-Hatimuda - Tetriya- Motipur -Nayabazar 21.47 21.47 21.47 0 21.47 0

05VR011 Pathari-Jante-Jyamire 16.85 16.85 16.85 0 16.85 0

05VR013 Sundarpur(MRM)-Yangshilla-Okhare 26.82 7.44 19.38 7.44 19.38 7.44 19.38

05VR014 Dharan - Damak 49.65 4.2 40.05 5.4 44.25 5.4 44.25 5.4

Laxmaniya - Nocha - Dharampur -Amahi - Rangali - 05VR015 38.58 32.11 6.47 32.11 6.47 32.11 6.47 Amgachhi -Diyniya - Jhurkiya - Kalanpur - RatuwaNadi

05VR016 Rangali Road -Haraicha 21.59 21.59 21.59 0 21.59 0

05VR017 Balbari - Kasani 8.83 8.83 8.83 0 8.83 0

05VR018 Itahara- Rajghat (Bhanumarga) 7.57 7.57 7.57 0 7.57 0

05VR019 Kadamaha- Nocha(Boarder) 8.32 8.32 8.32 0 8.32 0

05VR020 Rangali - Amgachi 3.8 3.04 0.76 3.04 0.76 3.04 0.76

05VR021 Biratnagar-Dharambandh-Buddhanagar 6.91 6.91 6.91 0 6.91 0

05VR022 Jhapadtole - Bardanga 7.21 7.21 7.21 0 7.21 0

05VR023 Betuna - Maya gunj - Custom office 4.74 3.09 1.65 3.09 1.65 3.09 1.65

05VR024 Larikatta - Sautha 2.83 2.83 2.83 0 2.83 0

05VR025 Janamarga-Belbari-Kaseni 6.82 6.82 6.82 0 6.82 0

05VR026 Pulchowk - Sirsedanda - Bhattegauda 9.31 9.31 9.31 0 9.31 0

05VR027 MathilloBalepur - Travinechowk - Biratchowk 4.49 4.49 4.49 0 4.49 0

05VR028 Salakpur-Rajatol-Haraicha 8.06 8.06 8.06 0 8.06 0

05VR031 Prithivimarg-Belbari-Chyanmari 8.75 8.75 8.75 0 8.75 0

05VR032 KaderuwaShajhaChok -Mahadeva 15.2 4.95 9.84 0.41 14.79 0.41 14.79 0.41

05VR033 Salakapur-Bhutihitol - Golaparari - Kyarbana 5.56 5.56 5.56 0 5.56 0

05VR034 Pacham-Indrapur-9/5 road 6.87 6.87 6.87 0 6.87 0

05VR035 Sundarpur-Dipo-Jungle 5.57 5.57 5.57 0 5.57 0

05VR036 Karsiya - Babia 5.54 5.54 5.54 0 5.54 0

05VR037 Urlabari - Ambari - Sijuwa 19.09 16.56 2.53 16.56 2.53 16.56 2.53

05VR038 Haraincha - Sukarabare - Khorsane-1 8.97 7.57 1.4 7.57 1.4 7.57 1.4

Tankii-Aamahi-Milanchock(New Name Milanchowk- 05VR039 10.91 3.28 5.47 2.16 8.75 2.16 8.75 2.16 Amahi-Ikraha-Kanchanbari) 05VR040 Pathari-Bhategauda - Anardaha Market 15.29 0.68 11.86 2.75 12.54 2.75 12.54 2.75

05VR041 Lalvitti-Devijhoda-Kerabari 13.07 13.07 13.07 0 13.07 0

05VR042 Ramchowk - Dakita - Majhare (Main) 12.46 6.93 5.53 6.93 5.53 6.93 5.53

05VR043 Siktti - Rampur(Rangali road) Dainiya east 5 2.45 2.55 2.45 2.55 2.45 2.55

05VR044 Kanepokhari -Jahada - Bhausabari 6.55 6.55 6.55 0 6.55 0

05VR045 Budhi - Ratuwa 39.11 29.83 9.28 29.83 9.28 29.83 9.28

05VR046 Mangalhatiya-Deadarbairya 5.74 3.19 2.55 3.19 2.55 3.19 2.55

05VR047 Karjana - Belepur - Harainchamod 4.45 4.45 4.45 0 4.45 0

05VR048 Mangalabare-Gohigada 10.44 8.82 1.62 8.82 1.62 8.82 1.62

05VR049 Ramailo-Bihibare-Sibalaya 8.77 6.9 1.87 6.9 1.87 6.9 1.87

05VR050 Rangeli R- Futanichock-Dadabariya 3.62 3.62 3.62 0 3.62 0

05VR051 Sukrabare-Bihibare-Bairawan 10.74 8.31 2.43 8.31 2.43 8.31 2.43

05VR052 Rani - Materawa - Biratdarwar 4.06 1.06 2.8 0.2 3.86 0.2 3.86 0.2

05VR053 Aamtola - RadhanagarAamtola - Radhanagar 23.39 22.82 0.57 22.82 0.57 22.82 0.57

05VR054 Tanki -Amahi- Biratnagar 8.2 0.2 6.97 1.03 7.17 1.03 7.17 1.03

05VR055 Aitabare(MRM)-Sankhare 9.6 9.6 9.6 0 9.6 0

05VR056 Chariguwa-Basbari(MRM)-Latijhoda 8.07 8.07 8.07 0 8.07 0

05VR057 Urlabari- Balbisauni- Khaibachowk 3.97 3.97 3.97 0 3.97 0

05VR058 Ayabaria - Sanischare 8.85 8.85 8.85 0 8.85 0

05VR059 Pathari-Sundari-Suga-Sunbarsi 18.94 0.45 14.39 4.1 14.84 4.1 14.84 4.1

05VR060 Kadamaha- Amahi- Karsiya(sarada school) 5.78 3.35 2.43 3.35 2.43 3.35 2.43

05VR061 Jadaha (Ramchowk) - Nocha 4.75 4.4 0.35 4.4 0.35 4.4 0.35

05VR062 Babiya- Dohamana-Gandhi ashram 13.19 9.41 3.78 9.41 3.78 9.41 3.78

05VR063 Letang(BP chowk) - Janta(MadhanChowk) - Kholetar 13.35 13.35 13.35 0 13.35 0

05VR064 Gandhi Ashram-Sunbaarsi 7.72 4.78 2.94 4.78 2.94 4.78 2.94

05VR065 Rangali road - Katahari - Bhathigachhi 12.41 0.32 8.06 4.03 8.38 4.03 8.38 4.03

05VR066 Itahara-Jhorpani-Sauthabazar 7.63 5.15 2.48 5.15 2.48 5.15 2.48

05VR067 Larikatta - Govindapur - Damarvitta 10.11 10.11 10.11 0 10.11 0

05VR068 Sanischare-Pathari-Athiyabari 11.66 4.82 6.84 4.82 6.84 4.82 6.84

05VR069 Kalyanpur - Doriya 6.42 2.17 4.25 2.17 4.25 2.17 4.25

05VR070 Baijnathpur - Bhaudaha 5.37 5.37 5.37 0 5.37 0

05VR071 Lakhantari-Simraha-Bhaluwa 5.82 4.23 1.59 4.23 1.59 4.23 1.59

05VR072 Jhorahat - Kouseliyachowk 4.92 4.92 4.92 0 4.92 0

05VR073 Gandhi Ashram-Dhokariya - Velai 5.06 5.06 0 5.06 0 5.06

05VR074 KanchhiChowk - Lalmati - Mugutar 10.58 9.54 1.04 9.54 1.04 9.54 1.04

05VR075 Amardhaha-Sitaulatole 9.73 1.74 7.99 1.74 7.99 1.74 7.99

05VR076 Sunjhoda-Birendranagar 7.85 5.39 2.46 5.39 2.46 5.39 2.46

05VR077 Darbesa-Keraun 10.68 7.78 2.9 7.78 2.9 7.78 2.9

05VR078 Kakarmari - RangeliRoad (Lohandraghat) 17.32 11.1 6.22 11.1 6.22 11.1 6.22

05VR079 Takuwa-Sijuwa Road 12.4 4.39 8.01 4.39 8.01 4.39 8.01

05VR080 Jhorahat - Mangalhat - Thalaha 7.73 5.81 1.92 5.81 1.92 5.81 1.92

05VR081 Sukrabare-Amardhah 5.43 0.2 5.23 0.2 5.23 0.2 5.23

05VR082 Jhorahat - Pidarmani 3.99 3.99 3.99 0 3.99 0

05VR083 Manglebara - Samling - Aaitabare 16.37 12.3 4.07 12.3 4.07 12.3 4.07

05VR084 Mirgauliya-Tilathi road 7.94 4.08 3.86 4.08 3.86 4.08 3.86

05VR085 Sunbarsi- Suga-Amardhah 2.81 2.81 2.81 0 2.81 0

05VR086 Sitalamiran - Quatar/Dangitole - Lohandra 12.21 5.74 6.47 5.74 6.47 5.74 6.47

05VR087 Khoksha - Vediyari - Bhathigachh i(Pulchowk) 12.67 0.72 11.95 0.72 11.95 0.72 11.95

05VR088 Siktti - Bardanga 3.63 0.16 3.47 0.16 3.47 0.16 3.47

05VR089 Banigama - Lohaswar 3.59 3.59 3.59 0 3.59 0

05VR090 Ramailo- Sundari-Aambadi 17.06 10.45 6.61 10.45 6.61 10.45 6.61

05VR091 Kanchhichowk-Jante (kholitar) 4.8 3.3 1.5 3.3 1.5 3.3 1.5

05VR092 Bhubaneshwar-Dangraha-Adhibasichok 12.59 11.02 1.57 11.02 1.57 11.02 1.57

05VR093 Sannischare-Sukrabare-Bayarban 6.23 4.61 1.62 4.61 1.62 4.61 1.62

05VR094 Bhimpurbairiya-Yadavtol 7.95 1.06 6.89 1.06 6.89 1.06 6.89

05VR095 Laxmimiya- NochaAmhai 4.79 2.01 2.78 2.01 2.78 2.01 2.78

Total 1139.96 22.36 863.94 253.66 886.3 253.66 886.3 253.66 0 0

Annex – 4 :DTMP approval decision of District Council, Morang