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Proceedings of the First National Conference on Zoology 1 Biodiversity in a Changing World Proceedings of First National Conference on Zoology 28-30 November 2020 Published By Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal Supported By “Biodiversity in a Changing World” Proceedings of the First National Conference on Zoology 28–30 November 2020 ISBN: Published in 2021 © CDZ, TU Editors Laxman Khanal, PhD Bishnu Prasad Bhattarai, PhD Indra Prasad Subedi Jagan Nath Adhikari Published By Central Department of Zoology Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University Kathmandu, Nepal Webpage: www.cdztu.edu.np 3 Preface The Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University is delighted to publish a proceeding of the First National Conference on Zoology: Biodiversity in a Changing World. The conference was organized on the occasional of the 55 Anniversary of the Department from November 28–30, 2020 on a virtual platform by the Central Department of Zoology and its Alumni and was supported by the IUCN Nepal, National Trust for Nature Conservation, WWF Nepal and Zoological Society of London Nepal office. Faunal biodiversity is facing several threats of natural and human origin. These threats have brought widespread changes in species, ecosystem process, landscapes, and adversely affecting human health, agriculture and food security and energy security. These exists large knowledge base on fauna of Nepal. Initially, foreign scientist and researchers began explored faunal biodiversity of Nepal and thus significantly contributed knowledge base. But over the decades, many Nepali scientists and students have heavily researched on the faunal resources of Nepal. Collaboration and interaction between foreign researchers and Nepali researchers and students are important step for further research and conservation of Nepali fauna. Under above scenario Central Department of Zoology, TU has organized a National Conference on 28–30 November 2020 to provide a common platform for the students, academicians, scientists and researchers from different organizations to share their knowledge and experiences so as to generate sufficient interest for further research in the area of faunal resources. It is believed that the conference helped in motivating young researchers working in different aspects of biological sciences. The conference represents a significant mega event in the history of Zoological Community of Nepal. A large number of delegates from different premier academic, research and management institutions in the country and abroad have participated and shared their research findings at the conference. In all five keynote lectures, 20 invited speeches and 126 contributed papers were presented at the conference. Besides, there were three panel discussions on various issues of fauna of Nepal. Important part, post conference event was collection, review and edit of papers, and ultimately publication of the proceedings. The editorial team has received many submissions for publication and each submission was reviewed rigorously to ensure quality and maintain standards. Among the submitted papers, 28 got ratings that could be published as full papers in the proceedings. Other good paper authors/presenters from the NCZ 2020 are asked to extend their papers for possible inclusion in the forthcoming issues of Nepalese Journal of Zoology- a peer reviewed journal published by the Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University. The proceeding contains many interesting research articles from various sub-disciplines of biological sciences. The proceedings will widen knowledge base and understanding about faunal biodiversity of Nepal. We would like to thank all the contributing authors for sharing their valuable research papers through this proceeding. Thanks to the editors who agreed to help us by managing manuscripts. They performed incredible job in reading, reviewing, editing and making final decisions on whether those documents should eventually become part of the proceedings. Our deepest gratitude to the Tribhuvan University authority, IUCN, NTNC, WWF Nepal and ZSL Nepal for their support in the conference as well as publication of this proceedings. Prof. Dr. Tej Bahadur Thapa Head of Department Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University 5 Conference Organizing Committee Organizing Committee Prof Dr Tej B. Thapa, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Siddhartha B. Bajracharya, National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC), Lalitpur, Nepal Prof Dr Kumar Sapkota, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Mahendra Maharjan, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Archana Prasad, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Prem B. Budha, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Laxman Khanal, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Advisory Board Prof Dr Dharma K. Baskota, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Ram P. Khatiwada, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Rameshwar Adhikari, Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Prof Toran B. Karki, Former VC, Purbanchal University, Biratnagar, Nepal Prof Dr Dwij R. Upreti, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Jiwan Shrestha, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Purna N. Mishra, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Suresh B. Karki, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Tej K. Shrestha, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Vasanta K. Thapa, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Umakanta Ray Yadav, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Ananda S. Tamrakar, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Ranjana Gupta, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Karan B. Shah, Himalayan Nature, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Khadga Basnet, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Surya R. Gubhaju, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Shyam N. Labh, Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Dr Deep B. Swar, Nepal Fisheries Society, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Ramesh K. Shrestha, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Damodar Thapa Chhetry, Post Graduate Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Geeta Sharma, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Arvind K. Keshari, Patan Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Mukesh K. Chalise, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Ganesh B. Thapa, Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Scientific Sub-Committee Prof Dr Kumar Sapkota, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Hem S. Baral, Head, Nepal Office Zoological Society of London, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Mahendra Maharjan, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Chhatra M. Sharma, Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Prof Dr Sunila Rai, Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal Dr Subodh K. Upadhyaya, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal Dr Chiranjibi P. Pokheral, National Trust for Nature Conservation-Central Zoo, Lalitpur, Nepal Dr Daya R. Bhusal, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Hari P. Sharma, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Ishan Gautam, Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Pradip Gyawali, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, New Zealand Dr Kishor Pandey, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Nepal Dr Chet P. Bhatta, Radford University Carilion, United States Dr Pushpa R. Acharya, Central Campus of Science and Technology, Mid-Western University, Surkhet, Nepal Dr Narayan P. Koju, Center for Postgraduate studies, Nepal Engineering College, Pokhara University, Nepal Conference Management Sub-committee Dr Prem B. Budha, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Mr Kul P. Limbu, Post Graduate Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar, Nepal Mr Indra P. Subedi, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Dr Bishnu P. Bhattarai, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Ms Santoshi Shrestha, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Rakshya Thapa, Amrit Science Campus, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Mr Janak R. Subedi, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Mr Pitambar Dhakal, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Mr Jagan N. Adhikari, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal ZOOSAN CDZ, Tribhuvan University Conference Secretariat Dr Laxman Khanal, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Dr Bishnu P. Bhattarai, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Mr Indra Prasad Subedi, Central Department of Zoology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal Mr Hari Basnet, Small Mammals Conservation and Research
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