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(2017) Assessing the Vulnerability of Thailand's Forest Birds to Global Change

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(2017) Assessing the Vulnerability of Thailand's Forest Birds to Global Change ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following work: Sutummawong, Nantida (2017) Assessing the vulnerability of Thailand's forest birds to global change. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: https://doi.org/10.4225/28/5ac2dfc16745c Copyright © 2017 Nantida Sutummawong. The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please email [email protected] Assessing the vulnerability of Thailand’s forest birds to global change A thesis submitted by Nantida Sutummawong (M.S. (Forestry)) For the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University July 2017 In Remembrance of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej 1927 - 2016 Acknowledgements I would like to thank a number of people from James Cook University, without whom, the completion of this work would not have been possible. Firstly, I would like to thank my supervisors: Professor Steve Williams and Dr Alex Anderson for their ideas, enthusiasm, patience, edit, support and advice. Especially, I would like to thank Steve for great advices on the fieldwork, giving me advices about my research sites in Thailand, providing me good foods during my study, extreme patience, and everything. I would like to give an enormous thank to Alex for helping me on fieldwork which we had a great time with six Leopards in one day after a day of treacherous flooding and thank for thoughtful comments, helpful ideas, and meditation class in the beautiful village in France that I have never know before. Without all of you this thesis would not have been possible. I would like to acknowledge my unofficial supervisor, Lorena Falconi for sharing vast knowledge of species distribution modeling and editing my thesis; Watchara Sanguansombat for introducing me to love birds and learn how to identify birds, helping me for bird surveys during two year of my field works even he was sick, helpful ideas, and extreme patience; Dr Justin Welbergen for his ideas, comments and the incredible technic on how to write a research funding proposal when I just started my PhD; Professor Yongyuth Trisuraut for teaching me on CLUE-S model, sharing some spatial data, and his enthusiasm; Dr Brett Scheffers for his hiking to the top of mountain to have a look my field site, also his comments on my thesis Chapter 3. Special thanks to Phill Round, Gorge Gale, Suporn Phonpan, Sunet Karaphan, Rangsrit Kanjanavanit, and Woraphot Bunkwamdi for kindly sharing data to me. I am deeply grateful to Wutthipong Dongkumfoo, Sunet Karaphun, Supote Maneerat, Supote Daungjanthamanee, Suporn Phonpan, Weeraphong Koprachan, and Kullabon Pollawan for their supports on an accommodation, staffs, food, transport, and an incredible knowledge of field site during two year of my fieldwork with vast patience. An enormous thank to all friends and colleagues who took their time to help me in the field with the most beautiful forest, but almost uncomfortable conditions and remote locations, i thank you for sharing the memorable adventures with me: Watchara Sanguansombat, Prasit Wongprom, Dome Pratumthong, Therawat Kenmee, Wassana Surawut, Tassania Chinthong, Sunchai Megchai, Nareerat Sangkachai, Anuchat Wiriyathamsakul, Uppadit Chatkum, Supahwat Keawphakdee, Wisoot Supong, Waraphon Phothisan, Sirimat Kumsaiin, Ingkayut Saart, staff from Doi Inthanon National Park, staffs from Khao Yai National Park, staffs from Huai Kha Khaeng, staffs from Kaeng Krachan National Park, and staffs from Hala Bala Wildlife Research Station. Many thanks also to staff from Doi Inthanon National Park, Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Huai Kha Kaeng Wildlife Research Station, Kaeng Krachan Nantional Park, Khao Yai National Park, and Hala Bala Wildlife Research Station, Doi Chaing Dao Wildlife Research Station, particularly Hala Bala’s family and Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Research Station for helping me in the field, cooking for me, and also for the transportation to very uncomfortable field sites. I also thanks to the National Science Museum’s family to help me on fieldwork, photography, data, and amazing food at the top of mountain. A special thanks to Nadiah Rosland for enthusiasm, encouraging, editing, helpful comments, bird watching, and supporting everything.. Also heartfelt thanks to Tiptiwa Samphuntamit who is colleague, sister, and friend, for sharing PhD time, spiritual guidance and supports. Also, thanks to Peeranarth Kiddee and Sunisa Kongprasit for listening and supporting when I had a hard time during my study. I really enjoyed the chats, advice, support and friendship from fellow students and staff from Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change; in particular Louise Banett, Stewart Mcdonal, Stephen Zozaya, Collin Storlie, Christina Buelow, April Reside , James Moloney, and Yvette Williams who is generously granted advice. I would also like to thank Thai’ students from James Cook University particularly; Orachun Hayakijkosol, Noppadon Prasertsincharoen, Kittikarn Sakuna, Wansadej Jaroenram, Pasuwat Yatip, Nareerat Sangkchai, Jarujet Thanksooks, Woramon Saehia, Nonthawit Saehia, Dave Siu, Nam Shenista, Melisa Sidara, Krerkkrai Songin, Benza Gluaymai, Paiboon Sriboonmak, Tip Kerdsap, Pote, Mo Chotnipat, and Anita Bousa for their enthusiasms, friendship, food, and supports. ii I am deeply grateful to friends in Townsville who is my families that usually feed me, cook special foods for me when I requested to make my life smooth: Nikki Ladthong, Jo and Boonta Pinket, Laddawan Yubon and Aussie Thai restaurant, Tommy and Anong Inthaboualy, Aroi Bangkok Thai restaurant, Thai Inter restaurant, Ladda and Peter Henry, Sucha Muray, Runjuan Waitem, Patsuda Inthaboualy, Tom Numsri, Michael Hutchinson, and my landlord (Nick and Gay Fielder). Also, thank you to friends and colleagues from Thaksin University who were working very hard, understanding, and supporting me during my PhD, particularly Anut Kirirathanikom, Sunisa Kongprasit, Wichuda Klawet, Vikanda Thongneaukaeng, Payomwan Yoksri, Chamada Chiajareun, and Benjawan Baukhawn. In particular Jumrouen Srichaichana for the advice on GIS, the remote sensing technic and the CLUE-S model. Deeply thanks to the Royal Thai Government Scholarship (Scholar NSTDA) and Thaksin University for scholarships to pay for tuition fees and living costs in Australia. I would like to thank to the Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, the Asia Institute at Melbourne University andthe Rufford Small Grants Foundation for research fundings. Also thanks to OEA’s family from Canberra, Kamonwan Satthayayuth, Somchitr Wattanatassi, Ploypaphat Ruanwong, and Kewalee Somboon for helping me on scholarship documents and supports. I also wish to acknowledge to the Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plants Conservation, The Lanna Bird Club, National Science Museum, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Wildlife Research Division, Bird Conservation Society of Thailand, Doi Inthanon National Park, Hala-Bala wildlife reseach station, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Khao Yai National Park, Yongyut Trisurat, Anak Pattanavibool, Gorge Gale, Phillip Round, Wanlaya Chaiphakdee, and Kairat Iamaumphai for the use of their standardize data in my species distribution modeling. My heartfelt thanks also go to my family for their love, and support in my interest in ecology, ornithology and my dreams to study abroad from the outset. Also special thanks to my mom, dad, my sister, my nephew, and father-in-law for their love and support. And finally, a truckload of gratitude goes towards my husband, Uppadit Chatkum, for listening to endless iii hours of listening, for cooking for me, for extreme patience waiting me to follow my dream, bandaging my soles (and soul), being my field colleague, the hugs and the love. This thesis would not have been possible without any helps from many people. I am deeply grateful to have all of them. iv Statement of contribution of others Scholarship for tuition fee and stipend Royal Thai Government Scholarship Thaksin University Research funding for data collection Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change Asia Institute, Melbourne University Rufford Small Grant Foundation Supervision Professor Stephen Williams, Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, JCU Dr Alex Anderson, Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, JCU Professor Simon Robson (Advisor mentor), Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, JCU Statistical, analytical and modeling support Lorena Falconi Yongyuth Trisurat Jumrouen Srichaichana Editorial assistance Stephen Williams Brett Scheffer Lorena Falconi Nadiah Roslan Orachun Hayakijkosol Wachara Sanguansombat v Important note about the structure of this thesis: The thesis has been written in “paper” format with each chapter potentially being a separate publication. The aim was to have each chapter as a “stand alone” publication. Unfortunately, this approach inevitably leads to some unavoidable, but necessary, duplication in explaining methods, the significance of concepts and some discussion points. vi Thesis Abstract Anthropogenic climate change and the loss or degradation of vegetation cover are key threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem health. However, little is known of how these two important drivers of change on ecosystems
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