DOCSLIB.ORG

Genomics and Population History of Black-Headed Bulbul (Brachypodius Atriceps) Color Morphs

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Genomics and Population History of Black-Headed Bulbul (Brachypodius Atriceps) Color Morphs Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School March 2020 Genomics and Population History of Black-headed Bulbul (Brachypodius atriceps) Color Morphs Subir B. Shakya Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Shakya, Subir B., "Genomics and Population History of Black-headed Bulbul (Brachypodius atriceps) Color Morphs" (2020). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 5187. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/5187 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. GENOMICS AND POPULATION HISTORY OF BLACK- HEADED BULBUL (BRACHYPODIUS ATRICEPS) COLOR MORPHS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Biological Sciences by Subir B. Shakya B.Sc., Southern Arkansas University, 2014 May 2020 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS A dissertation represents not only the effort of a single candidate but a document highlighting the roles and endeavors of many people and institutions. To this end, I have a lot of people and institutions to thank, without whom this dissertation would never have been completed. First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Frederick H. Sheldon, who has guided me through the six years of my Ph.D. studies. He has not only believed in me throughout this process but also nudged me along academic paths that I would never have taken on my own. As a great writer, editor, and mentor, he has helped me polish this dissertation and all my projects at LSU, allowing me to produce some great research. This dissertation would also not have been possible without the aid and advice of my graduate committee mentors, Dr. Robb T. Brumfield and Dr. Brant C. Faircloth, as well as my Dean’s Representative, Dr. Javier G. Nevarez. All of them have helped me enormously with planning, implementing, and writing my dissertation. They were never afraid to ask me questions and help me think more critically about my project and what I should do next. My parents, Birendra B. Shakya and Suravi Shakya, and sister, Sneha Shakya, have been instrumental in getting me to where I am now. They have supported me from the very beginning and always have comforting words for me when I am struggling. Living halfway around the world is never an easy thing, so support from my family was integral. If they had not acknowledged my interest in natural history, pushed me to pursue a degree in the U.S., and allowed me to work on what I really loved, this dissertation would never have been started. None of this work would ever have been possible without the facilities at the LSU Museum of Natural Sciences and its faculty and staff. This was my home away from home. I would like to thank Dr. Van Remsen, Dr. Chris Austin, Dr. Prosanta Chakrabarty, and Dr. Jake Esselstyn, who have been a great help and for their excellent guidance whenever I had any questions or issues. Tammie Jackson, who basically holds the museum upright, deserves exceptional commendation for help with any and all academic, financial, travel, and permitting work that requires jumping bureaucratic hurdles. No expedition can be contemplated without the excellent work of Tammie. Valerie Deroun’s help with all expense paperwork, outreach organization, and basically assistance with even mundane tasks was greatly appreciated. Finally, nothing related to the bird collection and specimen/tissue work would be doable without the knowledge and expertise of Steve Cardiff and Donna Dittmann. Navigating the import/export process with specimens takes a lot of work and effort and Steve and Donna have effortlessly helped me and everyone navigate through those tough waters. They also instilled knowledge about bird preparations and bird curation, which has really helped with smooth functioning in the field and in the museum collections. I would like to thank colleagues at Louisiana State University Museum of Natural Science, University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, Yale Peabody Museum, Field Museum of Natural History, and California Academy of Sciences for providing tissues and toe-pads for DNA extraction. For field work in Indonesia, I would also like to thank the Indonesia State Ministry of Research and Technology (RISTEK research license numbers 388/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/XI/2016, 389/SIP/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/XI/2016, 107/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/I/2018, 1079/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/II/2018, and 1126/FRP/E5/Dit.KI/I/2018) and the Ministry of Forestry for permission to undertake research on Maratua, Bawean, Kalimantan, and Sumatra islands. I also thank the Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Science, and the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriensis. Their staff, and particularly Dewi Prawiradilaga, Tri Haryoko, ii Mohammand Irham, and Suparno, helped with permitting, fieldwork, field logistics, as well as specimen export and, in the process, became good friends. For specimens from Malaysia, I thank the Malaysian Prime Minister’s Department, the Chief Ministers’ Departments of Sarawak and Sabah; Sarawak Forest Department, Forestry Corporation, and Biodiversity Institute; the Universiti Malaysia Sarawak; and Sabah Parks, Museum, and Wildlife Department. Funding for the project and fieldwork was provided largely through grants acquired by my advisor Dr. Sheldon from the NSF (DEB-0228688 and DEB-1241059), National Geographic Society (8753-10), and Coypu Foundation. I also received funding from the American Museum of Natural History, American Ornithologists’ Union, and LSU Museum of Natural Science for various portions of my dissertation. Current and former members of the Sheldon lab have been a great help and source of support for my dissertation. Dr. Haw Chuan Lim has been an influential force in helping me formulate the project and ideas on how to proceed with in the face of various difficulties. Dr. Clare Brown helped a lot in computational and bioinformatics work, and her suggestions on best practices for presenting dissertation research was greatly appreciated. Vivien Chua helped with a lot of lab work and the collection of key specimens. Ryan Burner helped train me as a field ornithologist and helped me greatly during expeditions in Malaysia and Indonesia. Matt Brady, along with Oscar Johnson, Jon Nations, and Heru Handika, also helped a lot with field work. I would like to thank all my friends and colleagues at LSU for their moral and academic support. I started graduate school with an exceptional cohort—Joanna Griffiths, Oscar Johnson, Rafael Marcondes, Genevieve Mount, Zachary Rodriguez, and Mark Swanson—and we all have held each other’s hands as we moved along with our dissertations. I would also like to thank a number of other current and former graduate students and post-docs at the Museum: Dr. Mike Harvey, Dr. Glenn Seeholzer, Dr. Ryan Terrill, Dr. Jessica Oswald, Dr. Cathy Newman, Dr. Fernando Alda, Dr. William (Bill) Ludt, Dr. Carl Oliveros, Andre Moncrieff, Marco Rego, Glaucia Del-Rio, Jon Nations, Jessie Salter, Anna Hiller, Alec Turner, Pam Hart, Diego Elias, Jackson Roberts, Eamon Corbett, Spenser Babb-Biernacki, Heru Handika, and Sheila Rodriguez. Alongside my friends at the Museum, other graduate students from the Department of Biological Sciences and the Department of Renewable Natural Resources have been exceptional in my development at LSU: Michael Henson, Alicia Riegel, Elisa Elizondo, Amie Settlecowski, Allison Snider, Cameron Rutt, and Vitek Jirinek. To everyone else who has influenced me through my time at LSU, I am greatly thankful. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Martin Päckert and Sontaya Manawatthana for providing sequences from their studies. I also acknowledge the help of Dr. Rebecca Kimball and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that improved the manuscript based on Chapter 2, which was published in the journal Ibis. I am thankful for the B10K consortium for providing annotation data for the genome of the Black-headed Bulbul (Brachypodius atriceps), the main subject of the dissertation. I thank Dr. Daniel Portik and Dr. Kevin Winker for their help with running dadi models. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………………………...ii ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………………………………….v CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………1 CHAPTER 2. THE PHYLOGENY OF THE WORLD'S BULBULS (PYCNONOTIDAE) INFERRED USING A SUPERMATRIX APPROACH……………………………..……..3 CHAPTER 3. GENETIC INVESTIGATION OF INSULAR MELANISM IN BLACK- HEADED BULBUL (BRACHYPODIUS ATRICEPS) OF SOUTHEAST ASIA.………...14 CHAPTER 4. HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY OF THE BLACK-HEADED BULBUL (BRACHYPODIUS ATRICEPS) ON MARATUA AND BAWEAN ISLANDS, INDONESIA………………………………………………………………………............35 CHAPTER 5. CONCLUSIONS……………………………………………………………...….49 APPENDIX A. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL FOR CHAPTER 2..……………………….50 APPENDIX B. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION FOR CHAPTER 2…………………………...73 REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..78 VITA……………………………………………………………………………………………..91 iv ABSTRACT Intraspecific polymorphism in birds, especially color polymorphism, is an area of active research in evolutionary biology. Using
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Species List
    Dec. 11, 2013 – Jan. 01, 2014 Thailand (Central and Northern) Species Trip List Compiled by Carlos Sanchez (HO)= Distinctive enough to be counted as heard only Summary: After having traveled through much of the tropical Americas, I really wanted to begin exploring a new region of the world. Thailand instantly came to mind as a great entry point into the vast and diverse continent of Asia, home to some of the world’s most spectacular birds from giant hornbills to ornate pheasants to garrulous laughingthrushes and dazzling pittas. I took a little over three weeks to explore the central and northern parts of this spectacular country: the tropical rainforests of Kaeng Krachen, the saltpans of Pak Thale and the montane Himalayan foothill forests near Chiang Mai. I left absolutely dazzled by what I saw. Few words can describe the joy of having your first Great Hornbill, the size of a swan, plane overhead; the thousands of shorebirds in the saltpans of Pak Thale, where I saw critically endangered Spoon-billed Sandpiper; the tear-jerking surprise of having an Eared Pitta come to bathe at a forest pool in the late afternoon, surrounded by tail- quivering Siberian Blue Robins; or the fun of spending my birthday at Doi Lang, seeing Ultramarine Flycatcher, Spot-breasted Parrotbill, Fire-tailed Sunbird and more among a 100 or so species. Overall, I recorded over 430 species over the course of three weeks which is conservative relative to what is possible. Thailand was more than a birding experience for me. It was the Buddhist gong that would resonate through the villages in the early morning, the fresh and delightful cuisine produced out of a simple wok, the farmers faithfully tending to their rice paddies and the amusing frost chasers at the top of Doi Inthanon at dawn.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List (Note, There Was a Pre-Tour to Kenya in 2018 As in 2017, but These Species Were Not Recorded
    Tanzania Species List (Note, there was a pre-tour to Kenya in 2018 as in 2017, but these species were not recorded. You can find a Kenya list with the fully annotated 2017 Species List for reference) February 6-18, 2018 Guides: Preston Mutinda and Peg Abbott, Driver/guides William Laiser and John Shoo, and 6 participants: Rob & Anita, Susan and Jan, and Bob and Joan KEYS FOR THIS LIST The # in (#) is the number of days the species was seen on the tour (E) – endemic BIRDS STRUTHIONIDAE: OSTRICHES OSTRICH Struthio camelus massaicus – (8) ANATIDAE: DUCKS & GEESE WHITE-FACED WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna viduata – (2) FULVOUS WHISTLING-DUCK Dendrocygna bicolor – (1) COMB DUCK Sarkidiornis melanotos – (1) EGYPTIAN GOOSE Alopochen aegyptiaca – (12) SPUR-WINGED GOOSE Plectropterus gambensis – (2) RED-BILLED DUCK Anas erythrorhyncha – (4) HOTTENTOT TEAL Anas hottentota – (2) CAPE TEAL Anas capensis – (2) NUMIDIDAE: GUINEAFOWL HELMETED GUINEAFOWL Numida meleagris – (12) PHASIANIDAE: PHEASANTS, GROUSE, AND ALLIES COQUI FRANCOLIN Francolinus coqui – (2) CRESTED FRANCOLIN Francolinus sephaena – (2) HILDEBRANDT'S FRANCOLIN Francolinus hildebrandti – (3) Naturalist Journeys [email protected] 866.900.1146 / Caligo Ventures [email protected] 800.426.7781 naturalistjourneys.com / caligo.com P.O. Box 16545 Portal AZ 85632 FAX: 650.471.7667 YELLOW-NECKED FRANCOLIN Francolinus leucoscepus – (4) [E] GRAY-BREASTED FRANCOLIN Francolinus rufopictus – (4) RED-NECKED FRANCOLIN Francolinus afer – (2) LITTLE GREBE Tachybaptus ruficollis – (1) PHOENICOPTERIDAE:FLAMINGOS
    [Show full text]
  • Birding in Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia
    Birding in Taman Negara, Peninsular Malaysia 2019.8.21 – 2019.8.28 Participants: Li-Chung Lu* & Tzung-Su Ding e-mail: [email protected] Figure 1 Crested Fireback (Lophura ignita) Introduction This trip was happened all of a sudden that we didn’t fully review enough birding information. The main reason I wrote this report is due to lack of birding information of Taman Negara after we arrive and found the map was quite incorrect. The forest loop near park center is not exist at all (please contact me if I’m wrong) but still have a eBird hotspot called forest loop with plenty of records, the length of most trails and loops also felt incorrect, and the shape and entrances of swamp loop was not correctly drawn on the map, either. Taking a bus from Kuala Lumpur (KL) is strongly recommended rather than renting a car because most of hotspots are inside the national park which could only enter through boats crossing Tembeling River every day, and the transportation to other hotspots (e.g. Fraser’s Hill) were also easily available. This place was pretty safe and convenient, and internet signal was also strong (both 4G and wifi in living area). All you can to do here is eat, sleep, and enjoy bird watching. Location: Taman Negara, Kuala Tahan, Tembeling, Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia Weather: Hot and no wind in daytime (about 30 – 32˚ C), cool at night (about 25 ˚ C) Traffic to Kuala Tahan: By bus We booked on the website of HAN travel, which provides transportation services by bus from KL to Kuala Tahan, a small village on the other river side of Taman Negara.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments on the Ornithology of Nigeria, Including Amendments to the National List
    Robert J. Dowsett 154 Bull. B.O.C. 2015 135(2) Comments on the ornithology of Nigeria, including amendments to the national list by Robert J. Dowsett Received 16 December 2014 Summary.—This paper reviews the distribution of birds in Nigeria that were not treated in detail in the most recent national avifauna (Elgood et al. 1994). It clarifies certain range limits, and recommends the addition to the Nigerian list of four species (African Piculet Verreauxia africana, White-tailed Lark Mirafra albicauda, Western Black-headed Batis Batis erlangeri and Velvet-mantled Drongo Dicrurus modestus) and the deletion (in the absence of satisfactory documentation) of six others (Olive Ibis Bostrychia olivacea, Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens, Richard’s Pipit Anthus richardi, Little Grey Flycatcher Muscicapa epulata, Ussher’s Flycatcher M. ussheri and Rufous-winged Illadopsis Illadopsis rufescens). Recent research in West Africa has demonstrated the need to clarify the distributions of several bird species in Nigeria. I have re-examined much of the literature relating to the country, analysed the (largely unpublished) collection made by Boyd Alexander there in 1904–05 (in the Natural History Museum, Tring; NHMUK), and have reviewed the data available in the light of our own field work in Ghana (Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2014), Togo (Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2011a) and neighbouring Benin (Dowsett & Dowsett- Lemaire 2011, Dowsett-Lemaire & Dowsett 2009, 2010, 2011b). The northern or southern localities of species with limited ranges in Nigeria were not always detailed by Elgood et al. (1994), although such information is essential for understanding distribution patterns and future changes. For many Guineo-Congolian forest species their northern limit in West Africa lies on the escarpment of the Jos Plateau, especially Nindam Forest Reserve, Kagoro.
    [Show full text]
  • MADAGASCAR: the Wonders of the “8Th Continent” a Tropical Birding Custom Trip
    MADAGASCAR: The Wonders of the “8th Continent” A Tropical Birding Custom Trip October 20—November 6, 2016 Guide: Ken Behrens All photos taken during this trip by Ken Behrens Annotated bird list by Jerry Connolly TOUR SUMMARY Madagascar has long been a core destination for Tropical Birding, and with the opening of a satellite office in the country several years ago, we further solidified our expertise in the “Eighth Continent.” This custom trip followed an itinerary similar to that of our main set-departure tour. Although this trip had a definite bird bias, it was really a general natural history tour. We took our time in observing and photographing whatever we could find, from lemurs to chameleons to bizarre invertebrates. Madagascar is rich in wonderful birds, and we enjoyed these to the fullest. But its mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and insects are just as wondrous and accessible, and a trip that ignored them would be sorely missing out. We also took time to enjoy the cultural riches of Madagascar, the small villages full of smiling children, the zebu carts which seem straight out of the Middle Ages, and the ingeniously engineered rice paddies. If you want to come to Madagascar and see it all… come with Tropical Birding! Madagascar is well known to pose some logistical challenges, especially in the form of the national airline Air Madagascar, but we enjoyed perfectly smooth sailing on this tour. We stayed in the most comfortable hotels available at each stop on the itinerary, including some that have just recently opened, and savored some remarkably good food, which many people rank as the best Madagascar Custom Tour October 20-November 6, 2016 they have ever had on any birding tour.
    [Show full text]
  • Disaggregation of Bird Families Listed on Cms Appendix Ii
    Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals 2nd Meeting of the Sessional Committee of the CMS Scientific Council (ScC-SC2) Bonn, Germany, 10 – 14 July 2017 UNEP/CMS/ScC-SC2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II (Prepared by the Appointed Councillors for Birds) Summary: The first meeting of the Sessional Committee of the Scientific Council identified the adoption of a new standard reference for avian taxonomy as an opportunity to disaggregate the higher-level taxa listed on Appendix II and to identify those that are considered to be migratory species and that have an unfavourable conservation status. The current paper presents an initial analysis of the higher-level disaggregation using the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World Volumes 1 and 2 taxonomy, and identifies the challenges in completing the analysis to identify all of the migratory species and the corresponding Range States. The document has been prepared by the COP Appointed Scientific Councilors for Birds. This is a supplementary paper to COP document UNEP/CMS/COP12/Doc.25.3 on Taxonomy and Nomenclature UNEP/CMS/ScC-Sc2/Inf.3 DISAGGREGATION OF BIRD FAMILIES LISTED ON CMS APPENDIX II 1. Through Resolution 11.19, the Conference of Parties adopted as the standard reference for bird taxonomy and nomenclature for Non-Passerine species the Handbook of the Birds of the World/BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World, Volume 1: Non-Passerines, by Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar (2014); 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana Mega Rockfowl & Upper Guinea Specials 3 to 25 January 2016 (23 Days) Trip Report
    Knox Ghana Mega Rockfowl & Upper Guinea Specials 3 to 25 January 2016 (23 days) Trip Report Akun Eagle-Owl by David Hoddinott Trip Report compiled by Tour Leader Markus Lilje RBT Knox Ghana Mega Trip Report January 2015 2 Trip Summary Our private Ghana Mega trip proved yet again to be a resounding success! We notched up a fantastic species total in 23 days, where we covered the length and breadth of the country and a great variety of habitats in this superb West African country! Our tour started off with a visit to Shai Hills. This small but fabulous reserve has a nice variety of habitats including mixed woodland, grassland, wetlands and granite outcrops and therefore supports an interesting array of bird species. During our morning exploring the reserve we recorded African Cuckoo-Hawk, Western Marsh Harrier, Red-necked Buzzard, stunning Violet Turaco, numerous immaculate Blue-bellied Roller, Vieillot’s and Double-toothed Barbets, Senegal and African Wattled Lapwings, White-shouldered Black Tit, Red- shouldered Cuckooshrike, Black-bellied Bustard, Senegal Parrot, Senegal Batis and restless Senegal Eremomela. A number of migrants were seen including Willow Warbler, Whinchat and Spotted Flycatcher. Even mammals showed well for us as we had a number of Kob, Bushbuck, Olive Baboon, Callithrix Monkey and unusually good views of Lesser Spot- Blue-bellied Roller by Markus Lilje nosed Monkey! Well pleased with our morning’s birding, we left Shai Hills and made our way to Ho. En route we stopped for lunch near the Volta Dam where we enjoyed most memorable close-up encounters with Mangrove Sunbird and Bronze- tailed Starling.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Literature
    122 RecentLiterature ['Auk L Jan. RECENT LITERATURE Audubon's'Birds of America,' 1941.--The successof the 1937 edition of Audubon's platesin a singlevolume which sold for $12.50,was so far beyondexpectations, that the publishersnow bring out this new editionx at a price that will bc cvcn more popular. The chief differenceis, however,that only the 435 platesof the original elephant-folioset arc now reproduced,while the 65 additionalplates of the previousvolume arc omitted. The frontispieceshows the fine Cruickshank portrait of Audubon,and there is the sameintroductory Preface by William Vogt. The four linesof text at the bottomof eachplate, in doublecolumn, wcrc pre- pared by the sameauthor and give in briefestform the range,habitat, identifica- tion marks,voice, breeding and food habits, or in certain casesspecial notes. At the back of the volumeis a list of the original legendsto the plates together with an index of the commonnames of the speciesshown. Printed from the same set of plates used in the previousedition, the vivid figuresarc in the main well reproduced,except that as in all such color work, therearc occasionalinstances where the colorssccm too red or toopale or in some other way arc not quite as they should be. But it must bc rememberedtoo, that the originalsarc not maps of the birds' colorsbut rather show the color valuesas they appearedto the artist'scyc. The avidity with which the public absorbedthe prcv/ous edition indicates the wide desire for a set of the famous platesat a moderateprice. This new volumenow makesthem available to nearly all who arc interested in Audubon and his work.--G.
    [Show full text]
  • Avian Malaria on Madagascar: Prevalence, Biodiversity and Specialization of Haemosporidian Parasites
    International Journal for Parasitology 49 (2019) 199–210 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect International Journal for Parasitology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ijpara Avian malaria on Madagascar: prevalence, biodiversity and specialization of haemosporidian parasites q ⇑ Sandrine Musa a, , Ute Mackenstedt a, Friederike Woog b,1, Anke Dinkel a,1 a University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 34, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany b State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany article info abstract Article history: Previous studies about geographic patterns of species diversity of avian malaria parasites and others in Received 18 March 2018 the Order Haemosporida did not include the avian biodiversity hotspot Madagascar. Since there are Received in revised form 31 October 2018 few data available on avian malaria parasites on Madagascar, we conducted the first known large- Accepted 1 November 2018 scale molecular-based study to investigate their biodiversity. Samples (1067) from 55 bird species were Available online 22 November 2018 examined by a PCR method amplifying nearly the whole haemosporidian cytochrome b gene (1063 bp). The parasite lineages found were further characterized phylogenetically and the degree of specialization Keywords: was determined with a newly introduced host diversity index (Hd). Our results demonstrate that Plasmodium Madagascar indeed represents a biodiversity hotspot for avian malaria parasites as we detected 71 genet- Haemoproteus Leucocytozoon ically distinct parasite lineages of the genera Plasmodium and Haemoproteus. Furthermore, by using a Host diversity phylogenetic approach and including the sequence divergence we suspect that the detected haemo- sporidian lineages represent at least 29 groups i.e. proposed species. The here presented Hd values for each parasite regarding host species, genus and family strongly support previous works demonstrating the elastic host ranges of some avian parsites of the Order Haemosporida.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Checklists of the World Country Or Region: Ghana
    Avibase Page 1of 24 Col Location Date Start time Duration Distance Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World 1 Country or region: Ghana 2 Number of species: 773 3 Number of endemics: 0 4 Number of breeding endemics: 0 5 Number of globally threatened species: 26 6 Number of extinct species: 0 7 Number of introduced species: 1 8 Date last reviewed: 2019-11-10 9 10 Recommended citation: Lepage, D. 2021. Checklist of the birds of Ghana. Avibase, the world bird database. Retrieved from .https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&region=gh [26/09/2021]. Make your observations count! Submit your data to ebird.
    [Show full text]
  • Avibase Page 1Of 18
    Avibase Page 1of 18 Col Location Date Start time Duration Distance Avibase - Bird Checklists of the World 1 Country or region: Samut Sakhon 2 Number of species: 365 3 Number of endemics: 0 4 Number of breeding endemics: 0 5 Number of globally threatened species: 20 6 Number of extinct species: 0 7 Number of introduced species: 2 8 9 10 Recommended citation: Lepage, D. 2019. Checklist of the birds of Samut Sakhon. Avibase, the world bird database. Retrieved from .https://avibase.bsc- eoc.org/checklist.jsp?lang=EN&region=th01ss&list=ebird&format=1 [19/09/2019]. Make your observations count! Submit your data to ebird.org - Legend: [x] accidental [ex] extirpated [EX] extinct [EW] extinct in the wild [E] endemic [e] endemic (country/region) Common name Scientific name Synonym Status 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ANSERIFORMES: Anatidae Lesser Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna javanica Knob-billed Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea Cotton Pygmy-Goose Nettapus coromandelianus Garganey Spatula querquedula Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata Green-winged Teal Anas crecca Green-winged Teal (Eurasian) Anas crecca crecca Baer's Pochard Aythya baeri Critically endangered GALLIFORMES: Phasianidae Green Peafowl Pavo muticus Rare/AccidentalEnda ngered Blue-breasted Quail Synoicus chinensis Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus PODICIPEDIFORMES: Podicipedidae Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Little Grebe (Little) Tachybaptus ruficollis [ruficollis Group] COLUMBIFORMES: Columbidae Rock Pigeon Columba livia Rock Pigeon (Feral Pigeon) Columba livia (Feral
    [Show full text]
  • The Gambia: a Taste of Africa, November 2017
    Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 A Tropical Birding “Chilled” SET DEPARTURE tour The Gambia A Taste of Africa Just Six Hours Away From The UK November 2017 TOUR LEADERS: Alan Davies and Iain Campbell Report by Alan Davies Photos by Iain Campbell Egyptian Plover. The main target for most people on the tour www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-9110 [email protected] p.1 Tropical Birding - Trip Report The Gambia: A Taste of Africa, November 2017 Red-throated Bee-eaters We arrived in the capital of The Gambia, Banjul, early evening just as the light was fading. Our flight in from the UK was delayed so no time for any real birding on this first day of our “Chilled Birding Tour”. Our local guide Tijan and our ground crew met us at the airport. We piled into Tijan’s well used minibus as Little Swifts and Yellow-billed Kites flew above us. A short drive took us to our lovely small boutique hotel complete with pool and lovely private gardens, we were going to enjoy staying here. Having settled in we all met up for a pre-dinner drink in the warmth of an African evening. The food was delicious, and we chatted excitedly about the birds that lay ahead on this nine- day trip to The Gambia, the first time in West Africa for all our guests. At first light we were exploring the gardens of the hotel and enjoying the warmth after leaving the chilly UK behind. Both Red-eyed and Laughing Doves were easy to see and a flash of colour announced the arrival of our first Beautiful Sunbird, this tiny gem certainly lived up to its name! A bird flew in landing in a fig tree and again our jaws dropped, a Yellow-crowned Gonolek what a beauty! Shocking red below, black above with a daffodil yellow crown, we were loving Gambian birds already.
    [Show full text]