Initial Environmental Examination – Appendix H

Project Number: 54211-001 March 2021 Document Stage: Draft

Viet Nam: Lotus Wind Power Project

Prepared by ERM Vietnam for Lien Lap Wind Power Joint Stock Company, Phong Huy Wind Power Joint Stock Company, and Phong Nguyen Wind Power Joint Stock Company as a requirement of the Asian Development Bank.

The initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website.

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Biodiversity survey Wet season report

Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

7 July 2020

Prepared by ERM’s Subcontractor for ERM Vietnam

Document details

Document title Biodiversity survey Wet season report Document subtitle Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

Date 7 July 2020 Version 1.0 Author ERM’s Subcontractor Client Name ERM Vietnam

Document history

Version Revision Author Reviewed by ERM approval to issue Comments Name Date Draft 1.0 Name Name Name 00.00.0000 Text

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...... 5 2. METHODOLOGY ...... 8 2.1 Desktop Study ...... 8 2.1.1 Literature review ...... 8 2.1.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database ...... 9 2.2 Field Survey ...... 10 2.2.1 Flora survey ...... 10 2.2.2 Vegetation type mapping ...... 11 2.2.3 Terrestrial Fauna Survey ...... 11 3. RESULT ...... 22 3.1 Desktop study ...... 22 3.1.1 Terrestrial Flora ...... 22 3.1.2 Avifauna ...... 23 3.1.3 Bats ...... 25 3.1.4 Non-volant terrestrial mammals ...... 26 3.1.5 Herpetofauna ...... 29 3.2 Field Survey ...... 31 3.2.1 Flora survey ...... 31 3.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna Survey ...... 37 4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ...... 63 4.1 Habitat loss issues and disturbance ...... 63 4.2 Impacts on bat ...... 63 4.3 Impacts on bird ...... 63 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION...... 64 REFERENCES ...... 65

LIST OF BIRDS RECORDED IN BAC HUONG HOA AND DAKRONG NATURE RESERVES OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE LIST OF BAT SPECIES THAT WERE RECORDED IN TWO PROTECTED AREAS (DAKRONG AND BAC HUONG HOA) OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE. LIST OF MAMMALS IN QUANG TRI DISTRICT AND VICINITY AREAS IN LAOS LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE FROM LITERATURES REVIEW LIST OF TERRESTRIAL FLORA RECORDED AT PHONG HUY WINDFARM PROJECT TIME AND WEATHER INFORMATION DURING VP COUNT AT PHONG HUY VANTAGE POINT SURVEY DATA NIGHTLY BAT ACTIVITY RECORDED AT SURVEYED SITES PER PASSIVE ACOUSTIC SAMPLINGS

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

List of Tables Table 2.1 Transects for bird survey ...... 11 Table 2.2 Keys to data recorded ...... 13 Table 2.3 Collision Risk matrix ...... 14 Table 2.4 Potential Impact Significance matrix ...... 15 Table 2.5 Selected sites for bat surveys in the project area ...... 16 Table 2.6 Sampling effort at Phong Huy Wind Farm, May 2020 ...... 17 Table 2.7 Summary of transect for herpetofauna survey effort ...... 21 Table 3.1 List of threatened plants species in Bac Huong Hoa, Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves ...... 22 Table 3.2 List of significant conservation bird species may occur at project area and its vicinity ...... 24 Table 3.3 Bat species of high conservation values recorded or may occur in Quang Tri province ...... 26 Table 3.4 List of non-volant mammal species may occur in project area and it vicinity ...... 27 Table 3.5 List of threatened species of amphibian and reptilian in Quang Tri province ...... 30 Table 3.6 List of plant species recorded at Phong Huy windfarm project ...... 31 Table 3.7 List of allien invasive species reorded in Phong Huy ...... 33 Table 3.8 Vegetation types occupy in Phong Huy Wind power area ...... 36 Table 3.9 List of the birds recorded in Phong Huy windfarm project ...... 38 Table 3.10 Average flock size of each bird species observed at Phong Huy Wind Power project ...... 42 Table 3.11 Results of vantage point count at Phong Huy windfarm project for risk assessment ...... 45 Table 3.12 Bat species found within the surveyed sites in Phong Huy Wind Farm ...... 52 Table 3.13 Collision risks of bat species recorded in Phong Huy Wind Farm ...... 54 Table 3.14 List of non-volant mammal in Quang Tri province and interview results ...... 59 Table 3.15 Amphibian and reptilian species composition recorded in Phong Huy ...... 61

List of Figures Figure 1.1 Project location ...... 6 Figure 1.2 Historical climate date observed for project site (climate-data.org, data from 1982 to 2012) ...... 7 Figure 2.1 Protected Areas in Indochia near Phong Huy wind power project site ...... 8 Figure 2.2 Flora survey transects ...... 10 Figure 2.3 Chosen Vantage Points and transects for bird survey ...... 12 Figure 2.4 Layout of WTGs (asterisk and numbered), boundary of the project (blue line) and surveyed sites...... 16 Figure 2.5 Live trapping using mist-nets and harptraps at surveyed sites ...... 17 Figure 2.6 Active (left) and passive (right) acoustic samplings ...... 18 Figure 2.7 Non-volant mammal survey transect ...... 20 Figure 2.8 Herpetofauna survey transects ...... 21 Figure 3.1 Number of plant species by plant family ...... 31 Figure 3.2 Pine plantation looks from google aerial imagery ...... 34 Figure 3.3 Scrub landscape looks from Google aerial imagery (north part of transect 1) ...... 35 Figure 3.4 Agricultural land looks from Google aerial imagery ...... 35 Figure 3.5 Statistics of vegetation types ...... 36 Figure 3.6 Vegetation types within Phong Huy Wind Power Project ...... 37 Figure 3.7 Number species of each bird family ...... 38 Figure 3.8 Comparison records and diversity of birds between two VPs ...... 41 Figure 3.9 Flight pattern of birds recorded at Phong Huy wind power ...... 41 Figure 3.10 Mean of flock size at each Vantage Point ...... 44 Figure 3.11 Major habitat types within and nearby project area ...... 49 Figure 3.12 Portraits of bat species captured by live-trapping during field study ...... 50 Figure 3.13 Echolocation call structures of bat species recorded by acoustic samplings during the present survey ...... 51

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

Figure 3.14 Overall activity patterns of bat assemblages per surveyed sites recorded by acoustic samplings 56 Figure 3.15 Average nightly bat species richness among surveyed sites ...... 56 Figure 3.16 Average nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings...... 57 Figure 3.17 Distribution of nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings ...... 57 Figure 3.18 Habitat loss or degradation within and nearby project area ...... 58

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT CONTENTS Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

Acronyms and Abbreviations Name Description

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT INTRODUCTION Phong Huy Wind Power Project, Huong Hoa, Quang Tri, Viet Nam

1. INTRODUCTION

Considered as one of the most mature renewable energy technologies, wind power has received a great attention from planners and many national governments including Vietnam, who are seeking "green energy resources" with low CO2 emissions (DEA, 2017). However, the construction and operation of wind farm projects have also known to cause adverse environmental impacts (Arnett et al., 2016; Dai et al., 2015). The conflict between wind power projects and the objectives of biological conservation intensified in recent years because the rapidly rising number of wind plants (Christian C. Voigt et al., 2019). PCC1 will be preparing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) consistent with international standards, specifically International Finance Corporation (IFC) Performance Standards (PS). IFC PS6 recognises two different types of biodiversity habitats: modified habitat and natural habitat. Modified habitat includes areas that may contain a large proportion of plant and/or animal species of non-native origin, and/or where human activity has substantially modified an area’s primary ecological functions and species composition. Natural habitat includes areas composed of viable assemblages of plant and/or animal species of largely native origin, and/or where human activity has not essentially modified an area’s primary ecological functions and species composition. Vietnam Wild Tour & Research Service (Wildtour Co., LTD) was engaged by ERM Vietnam on behalf of Power Construction Company 1 (PCC1) to undertake biodiversity surveys at Phong Huy Wind Power Project for environment and social impact assessment (ESIA). Objectives of the survey are to collect primary and secondary data related to flora and fauna species occur within the project area, including: bird, bat, terrestrial fauna (non-volant mammal and herpetofauna) and terrestrial flora. The Project is located in Huong Phung and Tan Thanh Communes. It is planned to cover an area of 350 ha and has the following key components:

 12 wind turbine genrators (WTGs) (Model:Vestas V150-4.0MW) with a total capacity of 48 MW;

 The 35 kV transmission line will be connected to the WTGs and the 220kV Huong Tan substation and wired along the access roads; and

 Access road will connect with the existing public road and approximately 8.9 km to all WTGs for construction and operation of the Project.

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Figure 1.1 Project location The project area is located approximated 3 kilometers from Ho Chi Minh highway and 10 kilometers from Khe Sanh town. Elevations of Phong Huy project area ranges between 600-850m above sea level. Climate it is classified as typical features of tropical monsoon. Based on the historical climate data of Khe Sanh area, the average annual temperature is 23.7oC and rainfall is 2,135mm (climate-data.org).

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Figure 1.2 Historical climate date observed for project site (climate-data.org, data from 1982 to 2012) Precipitation is the lowest in February, with an average of 27 mm. Most precipitation falls in September, with an average of 430 mm. At an average temperature of 27.3 °C. June is the hottest month of the year. In January, the average temperature is 18.8 °C. It is the lowest average temperature of the whole year. Between the driest and wettest months, the difference in precipitation is 403 mm. The average temperatures vary during the year by 8.5 °C.

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2. METHODOLOGY

2.1 Desktop Study

2.1.1 Literature review

Geographically, the project area is adjacent to the Huong Hoa – Dakrong protection forest which is spartially sketching between two protected areas in Quang Tri province (Bac Huong Hoa in the north and Dakrong in the southest-east). As most of biodiversity data was presumed only vailable at protected areas (Natural reseve areas or national parks). First step we used World Database on Protected Areas (https://www.protectedplanet.net/c/world-database-on-protected-areas) to identified protected areas within a buffer zone 50km from project site. Result shown as Figure 2.1, there are two main protected areas: Bac Huong Hoa in the north and Dakrong in the southest-east of project site (Figure 2.1).

Figure 2.1 Protected Areas in Indochia near Phong Huy wind power project site So far, little is known regarding the overall diversity and distribution of fauna and flora within the Huong Hoa – Dakrong forest protection; while there were a number of biodiversity assesements in the Bac Huong Hoa and Dakrong natural reserve areas. For instance,

 Mahood, S., & Hung, T. V. (2008). The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. This report provided general information of terrestrial plant, amphibian, reptilian, non-volant mammal and avifauna recorded in 2006 and 2007 in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

 Le Manh Hung, Pham Duc Tien, Nguyen Duc Tu and Cao Dang Viet (2002) A field survey of Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. This report has information on bird and mammal which was used as reference data for report above.

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 Le Trong Trai, Richardson, W. J., Le Van Cham, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Nguyen Van Sang, Monastyrskii, A. L. and Eames, J. C. (1999). A feasibility Study for Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reservers, Vietnam. This report provided general information of terrestrial flora, amphibian, reptilian, mammal avifauna, and butterfly Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserve Areas which complied from many different resources.

 Son, N.T., and Csorba, G. (2007). Preliminary result on bat survey in Bac Huong Hoa PA and Dakrong NR, Quang Tri Province. An important reference document for bat composition recorded in project adjacent areas.

 Ngo Kim Thai et al (2013). Species composition and conservation values of mammal fauna in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserver, Quang Tri province. This report provided more update and detail of mammal fauna in Bac Huong Hoa.

 Manh, N.D., Dang, N.X., and Nghia, N.X. (2009). Conservation importance of mammal fauna in Dak Rong nature reserve, Quang Tri province. Similarily, this report provided more information of mammal, espcially the threatened species.

 Nguyen, L. T., Van Hoang, H., Nguyen, T. T., & Nguyen, S. N. 2016. A collection of amphibians and reptiles from Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. One of the most detailed survey on amphibian and reptile in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

 Tordoff, A., R. Timmins, R. Smith, & Vinh, M. K. (2003). A Biological Assessment of the Central Truong Son Landscape.

 Tordoff, A.W., Bao, T.Q., Tu, N.D., and Hung, L.M. (2004). Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam.

 Wege, D. C., Long, A. J., May Ky Vinh, Vu Van Dung and Eames, J. C. (1999) Expanding the protected areas network in Vietnam for the 21st century: an analysis of the current system with recommendations for equitable expansion. These reports provided further general information on the ecosystem and geobiodiversity data for scanning.

 Tordoff, A. W. ed. (2002) Directory of Important Bird Areas in Vietnam: key sites for conservation. This reference data is important for bird survey, the Dakrong Nature Reserve is listed and an Important Bird Area (IBA) code VN31.

2.1.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database Results from literature review, we listed threatened species may occur in project area and vicinity then check updated status on IUCN Red List 2020 (https://www.iucnredlist.org). GBIF Occurrence Data (https://www.gbif.org/occurrence) was used to check if any recent records of those important species. For bird, we used Birdlife Data Zone (http://datazone.birdlife.org/country/vietnam) to scan species distribution and status. Other resources were also used to check recently records of those important species including iNaturalist - https://www.inaturalist.org, Igoterra - https://igoterra.com, eBird - https://ebird.org, Handbook Birds of the World – http://hbw.com which now is called Birds of the World https://birdsoftheworld.org and Birds of Vietnam http://birdwatchingvietnam.net.

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2.2 Field Survey

2.2.1 Flora survey

Line transect Three 1-km transects that are located along access roads to proposed WTGs (Figure 2.2) were selected for flora survey. At each transect, plants occurring in the areas within 10 m along both sides of the roads were surveyed on 17th May 2020.

Figure 2.2 Flora survey transects

Voucher specimen (hebarium) collecting Plants with flowers / fruits were collected, photographed, pressed, dried and then deposited in the Herbarium of University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City (PHH). The hebarium of common plant species that are identifiable in the field was not collected. The unusual plants without reproductive organs were also noted and will be collected when they are flowering or fruiting (if required).

Identification The collected hebaria were morphologically identified based mainly on the illustrated keys for flora of Vietnam and adjacent territories – a Vietnamese laguage (Phạm Hoàng Hộ, 1999) and/or compared with referential materials deposited in the PHH and protologues. In addition, the occurrence of invasive species within the survey areas was also assessed using baseline data available in the Global Invasive Species Database (www.iucngisd.org/gisd/).

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2.2.2 Vegetation type mapping Results from line transect survey were used as ground truth data for remote sensing analysis. We used several free sources including google aerial imagery, Esri aerial imagery to identify by visualization with software QGIS version 3.12. Minimum likelihood algorithm was used to automatically classify all pixel within Project footprint and its vicinity (buffer 1km) into predetermined categories based on the spectral values stored in Landsat image. Algorithm training were performed manually by selecting different region of interest (ROI) which associated with different land type or vegetation cover. The reliability of selecting process was validated by comparing with field survey data.

2.2.3 Terrestrial Fauna Survey

2.2.3.1 Bird survey

2.2.3.1.1 Transect survey

Survey routes Survey line transects were conducted through areas where the turbines are proposed to be located (Figure 2.3). It is acknowledged that the turbines are likely to be realigned within the study area. The observers moved slowly along the transects by walking and using binoculars to detect bird species and count the number of individuals present. Identifiable vocalizations were also counted as records. GPS positions, photographs (where possible), distance and compass bearing to the sighted animals were recorded.

Transect survey effort Survey times were from 06:00 to 10:00 and then 15:00 to 18:00 as these are the most active times for birds.

Table 2.1 Transects for bird survey

Transect Transect length Survey date Time of survey Survey effort (km) (hours)

Transect 1 1.208 17th May 2020 06:00 to 09:00 3

Transect 2 1.742 20th May 2020 06:15 to 10:00 3.75

Transect 3 1.799 20th May 2020 15:30 to 18:00 2.5

Transect 4 1.027 21st May 2020 06:30 to 10:30 3

Species identification All observers undertaking the surveys are highly skilled at identifying all taxa in the region by direct observation or their species-specific vocalizations. Observations were checked against field guides including but not limited to Field Guide to the Birds of Southeast Asian (Robson, 2009) to validate the identifications. Calls were compared with sources from Vietnam Bird Guide apps (Bao, Quang, & Thang, 2015).

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2.2.3.1.2 Vantage Point survey

Data collection The methodology used for avian surveys followed standard survey methodologies, consistent with the Scottish Natural Heritage Guidance (Scottish Natural Heritage, 2014). The Vantage point (VP) count technique was used to survey any species considered as being prone to collision. Two VPs were carefully chosen and determined in advance in order to achieve maximum visibility while at the same time keeping the number of points adequate. For the Phong Huy proposed wind power project, two (2) VPs were chosen as follows:

 VP1: (16.69184° N; 106.59069° E); and

 VP2: (16.67704° N; 106.59069° E)

Figure 2.3 Chosen Vantage Points and transects for bird survey The surveys comprised a series of observations from two (2) fixed locations (VP1 and VP2) to quantify the flight activity of birds over the Phong Huy Wind Power Project site. According to Scottish Natural Heritage’s recommendation, a minimum of 72 hours per VP per year divided by seasons is required (36 hours breeding and 36 hours non-breeding). During surveys, observers used binoculars and a camera with long tele lens (Nikon D4 with lens 400mm F2.8 and TC 2X) would station and actively scan the whole area within 02km radius from the vantage point for avifauna’s activity (Figure 2.3). Surveys were conducted from 06:00 to 11:00 and 14:00 to dark (around 18:00), across nine (9) hours/day. All information about species, activities and number of individuals was noted simultaneously with weather conditions. Based on flight pattern and estimation of altitude from ground level, data were categorized as described in Table 2.2.

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Table 2.2 Keys to data recorded

Category Description Height of Flight

Band 1 Birds fly below the height of planned rotor swept (RSZ) ca. <30m

Band 2 Birds fly in the RSZ ca. between 30m - 180m

Band 3 Birds fly above the RSZ ca. > 180m

Flapping (F) Birds fly by flapping their wings across wind power project area

Gliding (G) Birds fly by gliding across wind power project area

Soaring (S) Birds fly soaring around wind power project area

Perching (P) Birds perch on ground or tree nearby wind power project area

Risk assessment The purpose of VP survey is to provide input data for the Collision Risk Model (W. Band, M. Madders, & D. P. Whitefield, 2007), which predicts mortalities from collision with turbines. Analyzing and ranking the potential risk for each species was based on its flight pattern, behaviour, ecology and global population (threatened list of IUCN Redlist). For the purposes of the surveys, a model risk matrix was used to estimate risk via a two (2) stage process:

 Step 1 - Determine the Collision Risk factor for the species Table 2.3; and

 Step 2 - Apply the conservation status to the Risk Collision Factor to determine the significance of the risk (Table 2.4).

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Table 2.3 Collision Risk matrix

Collision Risk Flight Path

Never likely to May occasionally fly Commonly flies at the Flies at the height of fly into the in the swept area, or height of the swept the swept area and is swept area of likely to be area but is timid and unlikely to be the turbines frightened away easily frightened distracted or deterred by the turbines

Extensive presence in the study area and the habitat is Moderate High High Very High unique and not found in the surrounding area

Frequents the study area, and the habitat is unique, not Low Moderate High High common in surrounding areas

Extensive presence in the Study area but the habitat is Low Low Moderate High not unique and is extensive around the study area

Habitat Habitat

May frequent the habitat, but such ecosystems are Low Low Low Moderate extensive around the study area

No Feeding, nesting, or breeding activities in the study No Apparent No Apparent Risk Low Low area, would only enter the area on occasions incidentally Risk

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Table 2.4 Potential Impact Significance matrix

Potential Impact Conservation Status Significance

Common (Least Concern) or Near- Collision Risk Vulnerable Endangered threatened (NT)

Very High Concern Critical Critical

High Concern Significant Critical

Moderate Low Significance Concern Significant

Low Low Low Significance Concern Significance

Low Low No Apparent Risk Insignificant Significance Significance

2.2.3.2 Bat survey

2.2.3.2.1 Selection of surveyed sites The field survey was undertaken at six sites (namely PH01-PH06) within project area (each site has a radius ca. 200m from the point-count) (Figure 2.4). These selected study sites are located in the areas that are expected to be affected by the construction and operation of the project’s components (e.g. access roads, internal transmission lines and WTGs).

2.2.3.2.2 Surveys for potential bat roosts and foraging areas Surveys to determine the potential importance of habitats at the selected sites within the project area as roosts or foraging areas for bats were conducted using day-time observations.

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Source: The base map was acquired from Google earth V 7.3.3.7699 (1/6/2020). Phong Huy, Huong Hoa. Quang Tri. 16, 676235°N, 106. 656990ºE, eye alt 4.5 km. CNES/Airbus 2020. http://www.earth.google.com [5/6/2020].

Figure 2.4 Layout of WTGs (asterisk and numbered), boundary of the project (blue line) and surveyed sites.

2.2.3.2.3 Field surveys for bat diversity and activity Sampling efforts were undertaken at six point-counts within selected sites (Table 2.5; Table 2.6). Each night, two sites were surveyed, one using both live-trapping and acoustic samplings and the other using acoustic method only (Figure 2.5 and Figure 2.6).

Table 2.5 Selected sites for bat surveys in the project area

Date Site Co-ordinate Weather (Point count)

16 May 20 PH01 16.673598, 106.642983 Daytime: Sunny; Nighttime: no rain PH02 16.678563, 106.645792

17 May 20 PH03 16.678382, 106.661297 Daytime: Sunny; Nighttime: no rain PH04 16.685090, 106.666842

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Date Site Co-ordinate Weather (Point count)

18 May 20 PH05 16.670150, 106.664488 Daytime: Sunny; Nighttime: no rain PH06 16.674719, 106.656143

Table 2.6 Sampling effort at Phong Huy Wind Farm, May 2020

Survey Date 16/5/20 17/5/20 18/5/20

Survey site PH01 PH02 PH03 PH04 PH05 PH06

Mist net (m2mnh) 18:00 -22:00 360 360 360

Harp trap (m2hth) 18:00 -05:30 86.4 86.4 86.4

Acoustic (hrs) 18:00 -05:30 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5 11.5

Live-trapping Live-trapping was regarded as providing valuable information for assessing and confirming the presence of both resident and migrating species (Kunz et al., 2007a). Based on biotope survey, the habitat types of all selected sites comprise mostly opened lands and some patches of orchards, the use of harptraps (1.8 m x 2.0m) was effective only at certain sites where retain some patches of scrubs; while mist-nets were suitable for capturing fruit eating and open-space foraging bats and were set at ground level (up to 6 m high) (Figure 2.5).

Mist-netting Harp-trapping

Figure 2.5 Live trapping using mist-nets and harptraps at surveyed sites

Acoustic sampling Acoustic sampling with ultrasound (bat) detectors is widely known as an essential complement to traditional live-capture methods (e.g., mist nets and harp traps) for bat surveys in the tropics. This is because traditional methods typically fail to record insectivorous species that habitually fly in open areas and at higher altitudes outside the range of ground-based live-traps and so are less than

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comprehensive, even in the most intensive studies (Furey et al., 2009; MacSwiney G. et al., 2008). Most “high risk” insectivorous bats are known to be open foragers occurring within the range of heights swept by turbine blades (ca. 100 m). Thus, acoustic samplings with the use of bat detectors are obligated to estimate their occurrence and distribution of activity (Kunz et al., 2007a, 2007b). In this instance, active and passive acoustic surveys with the use of hand-held Echo Meter Touch and SM4Bat FS (Wildlife Acoustics Inc., USA) respectively, will be carried out at selected point-counts along survey sites within the project area. These bat detectors can detect most bat species at a distance of 30m and they can also record very loud, low frequency bats at a distance of up to 100 m in some perfect conditions (i.e. in very opened areas (Agranat, 2014). Active and passive acoustic surveys with the use of bat detectors, e.g., hand-held Echo Meter Touch or automatic SM4BAT FS (Wildlife Acoustics Inc., USA) respectively, were carried out at selected sites within and nearby the project site. The bat recordings were then analyzed to determined occurrence and distribution of activity (represented as number of bat passes/registered per time (hour or night) of local bat assemblages Figure 2.6.

Figure 2.6 Active (left) and passive (right) acoustic samplings Classifying bat call recordings based on sounds (calls) of all insectivorous bat species recorded in the acoustic samplings were analysed by using Kaleidoscope Pro 5 Analysis Software (www.wildlifeacoustics.com). To determine the identity of bat pass which, in turn, was defined as a sequence of >2 echolocation calls, with each sequence, or pass, separated by >1 second, its call recordings will be compared with an acoustic key (call classifier) that have been developed from the literature and libraries of species reference calls of Vietnamese and Southeast Asian bats.

Species identification and conservation assessment Captured and/or detected acoustically bats were identified based on keys presented in guide book or monographs (Corbet and Hill, 1992; Csorba et al., 2003; Francis, 2008; Kruskop, 2013) and persional datasets of bat specialist. All captured bats were released to the wild after examination of their sexes and reproductive status, and other ecological characteristics. The assessment of endangered species was based on the Vietnam Red Book (2007), the Government’s Decree 06/2019/ND-CP, and the IUCN Red List. From which, the assessment of the potential existence of critical habitats within the project vicinity has been done in line with the IFC Performance Standard 6 and associated guidance (IFC, 2012).

Assessment of collision risks of bat species The foraging preferences as well as dispersal abilities (i.e. capacity for migration can be inferred from their eco-morphology (e.g. wing morphology and/or echolocation calls) (McKenzie et al., 1995; Norberg

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and Rayner, 1987). Accordingly, different bat species found in Vietnam can be classified into five groups based on their ecological characteristics (Strategy I - V) as follows:

 Strategy I: Insectivorous species of the families that forage in the highly cluttered airspace within the forest interior (or forest dwelling bats). This group usually comprise many species in the Rhinolophidae, Hipposideridae, Megadermatidae, Kerivoulinae and Murininae;

 Strategy II: Insectivorous species that forage in partially cluttered spaces such as clearings, streams or other tunnels within the forest or just above the canopy (edge and gap foragers). This group usually comprise many species in the Vespertilionidae (i.e. Tylonycteris);

 Strategy III: Insectivorous bats that forage at high airspaces or high above the forest canopy (open- space foragers). This group includes many species in the Vespertilionidae, Emballonuridae, and Molossidae;

 Strategy IV: Fruit and nectar-eating bats that fly into the partially cluttered airspaces between tree canopies, roost in small numbers and forage locally. Bats of the genera Cynopterus, Megaerops, and Macroglossus (Pteropodidae) can be included in this group;

 Strategy V: Fruit and nectar-eating bats that fly in unobstructed airspaces, roost in large colonies and forage over large areas. This group included members of Pteropus, Rousettus and Eonycteris genera (Pteropodidae). In accordance with above classified foraging strategies, the potential risks of collision with WTGs at wind farms will be highest for members of Strategy III and Strategy V, followed by those of Strategy IV, Strategy II, and lowest for Strategy I.

2.2.3.3 Non-volant Mammal Survey

2.2.3.3.1 Interview survey Open-ended interviews were also employed with local people, forest rangers and frontier soldiers to confirm the surveyor’s observations and helped determine the presence of mammal species conservation significance within the project area that has already identified from the desktop review stage. The interviews often start with few simple questions such as “Which animals do you often see in this area?” or “Have you heard anyone saying that they see some wild animals around?”. These general questions aim to collect general information about groups of species presented in the area as well as slowly learn about the local terms that local people use for different wild animal. Depends on the groups they provided, more detail questions will be raised such as “How is the animal looks like?”, “Do you know what types of food that they eat?” or “Where and when do you see this animal?” to learn about the characteristics of such animals, from which can help the interviewers figure out which species that they are talking about. When the interviewers were confident about the reliability of the information, they would ask the responders to provide more information on time, location, situation of each encountering cases that the responders have experienced or any evidence that the responders can provide to confirm the presence of the species they mentioned.

2.2.3.3.2 Opportunistic observation Small paths, roads were mainly employed for opportunistic observation of mammals. The surveyor walked along the path to prevent any disturbance to the mammals, which also helps to increase the opportunities of animals which could be seen and identified. Animal’s tracks, and calls are also recorded during the walk and observation. The opportunistic observation in Phong Huy was taken in daytime only due to limitation of time but also Phong Huy shares much similar characteristics to Phong Nguyen due to their continuous habitat connection. Since the bird team also starts their observation in early morning until late afternoon, observers at each vantage points also helped to record the wildlife that they encountered in their observation area and marked the GPS location of the record.

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Only one-day survey was conducted on 16th May 2020 from 06:00 to 14:00, the total length of the transect was 3.27km shown as Figure 2.7.

Figure 2.7 Non-volant mammal survey transect

The identification of mammal was mainly based on the surveyor’s experience in addition with references from:

 A Field Guide to the Mammals of Southeast Asia (Charles M. Francis, 2008)

 IUCN Red List 2020

 Identification Guide for Vietnam Mammals (John W. K. Parr and Hoang Xuan Thuy, 2008)

2.2.3.4 Herpetofauna

2.2.3.4.1 Interview During field survey, we investigated open-ended interviews method to ask local people if they have information on amphibian and reptilian. Image catalogue was shown to local people to check their final confirmation. Two interviewers would approach two responders and show them a series of coloured photographs of potentially occurred species with conservation concerns. Interviewees were all asked if they ever encountered any species from the photo catalogue. If the responders said they encountered a species from the list, a series of questions regarding the biological details of such species would be asked to ensure the responder were providing reliable information. When the interviewers were confident about the reliability of the information, they would ask the responders to provide more information on time, location, situation of each encountering cases that the responders have experienced within past 5 years.

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2.2.3.4.2 Line transect survey Diurnal survey was carried out along main road where turbines proposed to build, small trails from the main road that across different habitats (planted Acacia forests, coffee farm and rice fields), and along water reservoirs. Nocturnal survey was at rice fields and small streams surrounding.

Figure 2.8 Herpetofauna survey transects

Table 2.7 Summary of transect for herpetofauna survey effort

Transect Transect Survey date Time of Survey effort length (km) survey (hours)

T1 (Nocturnal transect) 1.3 17th Feb 2020 18:00 to 23:00 5

T2 (Diurnal transect) 1.5 17th Feb 2020 07:00 to 15:00 8

Amphibian and reptilian individuals were collected by hand and snake stick. Most of them were taken photographs in the field then released back to the habitat. Some specimens were made by shaping them in alcohol 70o in 12 hours, these for double check identification in laboratory at Zoology Lab., University of Science, Vietnam National University. Amphibians and reptiles were then identified according to scientific references: Vassilieva et al. (2016); Das et al. (2019); Poyarkov et al. (2014) (for amphibians); Smith (1943); Campden-Main (1984) (for snakes); and Taylor (1963); Smith (1935); Nguyen et al. (2019); Neang et al. (2018) (for lizards). Scientific names of amphibians were updated following Frost (2020) while reptiles were following Uetz et al. (2020).

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3. RESULT

3.1 Desktop study

3.1.1 Terrestrial Flora

3.1.1.1.1 Literature Review The most relevant documents for flora reference of the project area are Mahood et al., 2008 (The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam) and Le Trong Trai et al., 1999 (A feasibility Study for Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reservers, Vietnam). According to Le Trong Trai et al., 1999, there were 597 plant species belonged to 118 families have been recorded in Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves. Field surveys in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve have recorded up to 920 plant species belonged to 130 families (Mahood et al., 2008). Compiling from the two reports and scanning within updated IUCN redlist 2020 and VNRD 2007 a total of 27 threatened species (belongs to 18 families) might occur in vicinity project area and listed in Table 3.1. These species are risk due to overexploitation because of their value on medicinal, ornamental and timber purposes. However, the habitat of these plants is natural forest, hence they could be rarely occurred in secondary forest or private lands as in the project area.

Table 3.1 List of threatened plants species in Bac Huong Hoa, Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves

No. Scientific name Family IUCN/VRDB

1 Cephalotaxus mannii Hook. f. TAXACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: VU

2 Aglaia dasyclada F.C. How & T.C. Chen MELIACEAE IUCN: VU

3 Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte THYMELAEACEAE VRBD: EN; IUCN: CR

4 Ardisia silvestris Pit. PRIMULACEAE VRDB: VU

5 Chukrasia tabularis A. Juss. MELIACEAE VRDB: VU

6 Cinnamomum balansae Lecomte LAURACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: EN

7 Cinnamomum parthenoxylon (Jack) Meisn. LAURACEAE VRDB: CR; IUCN: DD

8 Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr. MENISPERMACEAE VRDB: VU

9 Croton touranensis Gagnep. EUPHORBIACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: VU

10 Dalbergia entadoides Pierre ex Gagnep.) FABACEAE IUCN: DD

11 Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blaco DIPTEROCARPACEAE VRDB: VU; IUCN: CR

12 Dipterocarpus hasseltii Blume DIPTEROCARPACEAE IUCN: CR

13 Dipterocarpus kerrii King DIPTEROCARPACEAE IUCN: CR

14 Erythrophleum fordii Oliv. FABACEAE IUCN: EN

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No. Scientific name Family IUCN/VRDB

15 Melientha suavis Pierre OPILIACEAE VRDB:VU

16 Sindora tonkinensis A. Chev. ex K. Larsen FABACEAE IUCN: DD & S.S. Larsen

17 Anoectochilus setaceus Blume ORCHIDACEAE VRDB: EN

18 Dendrobium amabile (Lour.) O’Brien ORCHIDACEAE VRDB: EN

19 Dendrobium farmeri Paxton ORCHIDACEAE VRDB: VU

20 Livistona saribus (Lour.) Merr. ex A. Chev. ARECACEAE IUCN: DD = Livistona tonkinensis Magalon

21 Asarum balansae Franch. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE VRDB: EN

22 Lithocarpus fenestratus (Roxb.) Rehder FAGACEAE VRDB: VU

23 Pasania hemisphaerica Hickel & A. Camus FAGACEAE VRDB: VU = Lithocarpus hemisphaerica (Drake) Barnett

24 Strychnos ignatii P.J. Berius LOGANIACEAE VRDB: VU

25 Michelia bailonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep. = MAGNOLIACEAE VRDB: VU Paramichelia bailonii (Pierre) H.H. Hu

26 Benkara depauperata (Drake) Ridsdale = RUBIACEAE VRDB: VU Fagerlindia depauperata (Drake) Tirveng.

27 Madhuca pasquieri (Dubard) H.J. Lam SAPOTACEAE VRDB: EN

Source: (VRDB: Vietnam Red Data Book 2007; IUCN: IUCN Redlist 2020)

3.1.2 Avifauna

3.1.2.1 Literature Review The project is about 20 km west from Dakrong Nature Reserve, which is recognized internationally an Important Bird Area (IBA) (Tordoff 2002; Birdlife International 2020a). According to (Birdlife International 2020b), project area is also located in Annamese Lowlands Endemic Bird Area (EBA) (The Annamese lowlands cover the lowlands and foothills of north-central Vietnam from Ninh Binh to Thua Thien Hue provinces) that sheltering various endemic or restricted range bird species (RRS) such as the Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi (IUCN: CR, endemic), Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellate (IUCN: EN, RRS), Indochinese Wren Babbler Rimator danjoui (IUCN: NT, RRS), Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti (IUCN: LC, RRS), Grey-faced Tit-babbler Mixorniskellyi (IUCN: LC, RRS) and White-cheeked Laughinghtrush Garrulax vassal (IUCN: LC, RRS). Number of bird species recorded in vicinity nature reserves were high variation. Only 171 bird species were listed for Dakrong and Phong Dien Nature Reserves (Trai et al., 1999) while 207 bird species listed for Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (Trai et al., 2005; Mahood et al., 2008). Of these, three species are categorized highly threatened:

 Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellate (IUCN: EN, VNRD: VU)

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This species was considered as formerly common in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (Le Trong Trai in litt. 2018). It was also recorded in Huong Lap and Huong Son communes during survey in 2002 (Le Manh Hung et al., 2002). It is severely threatened by hunting throughout its range, together with a reduction in the extent and quality of forested habitat within the range, this has likely led to a very rapid rate of population decline, which is projected to continue.

 Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi (IUCN: CR, VDRD: EN) This pheasant remains classified as Critically Endangered following revisions of its taxonomic limits, because the lack of recent records suggests that the remaining wild population is likely to be extremely small and severely fragmented, with all subpopulations being tiny. Declines have been driven by high levels of hunting pressure and lowland forest deterioration. There were no sightings of wild birds since the year of 2000 (Matthew Grainger, 2011) and thus it is not possible to find at project area.

 Great Hornbill (Buceros bicornis) Although it is a widespread species in Southeast Asia, this species. This species is restricted to large tracts of undisturbed forest within a region experiencing high rates of deforestation. High hunting pressure is likely exacerbating the population decline caused by habitat loss. Our review indicates that this species is commonly seen at Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (Mahood et al., 2008, Le Manh Hung et al., 2002, eBird, 2020).

3.1.2.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database eBird to May 2020 has listed 214 species occurred in Quang Tri Province however only 111 species were recorded at Deo Sa Mu of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve and 51 species recorded at Dakrong Nature Reserve which all were seen at Deo Sa Mu. Igottera accessed in May 2020 listed 87 species from 87 species from Bac Huong Hoa Natture Reserve which no species different compare to eBird). Compiled from literature review and scanning data, about 377 species of 75 families (names and taxonomy followed by Birdlife system 2020) may occur at project area and its vicinity (Attachment A). According to IUCN, there were total 1 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 1 Endangered (EN) species and 1 Vulnerable (VU) species. On the other hand, Vietnam Red Databook 2007 recognized no (zero) Critically Endangered (CR) species, 1 Endangered (EN) species and 9 Vulnerable (VU) species Table 3.2.

Table 3.2 List of significant conservation bird species may occur at project area and its vicinity

No. English name Scientific name Family

GlobalIUCN Red List 2020 Vietnam Red DataBook 2007

1 Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata Phasianidae EN VU

2 Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi Phasianidae CR EN

3 Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi Phasianidae LC VU

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No. English name Scientific name Family

GlobalIUCN Red List 2020 Vietnam Red DataBook 2007

4 Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo Carpococcyx renauldi Cuculidae LC VU

5 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster Anhingidae NT VU

6 River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii Charadriidae NT VU

7 Lesser Fish-eagle Icthyophaga humilis Accipitridae NT VU

8 Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Bucerotidae VU VU

9 Austen's Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni Bucerotidae NT VU

10 Blyth's Kingfisher Alcedo hercules Alcedinidae NT LR

11 Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri Picidae NT LR

12 Grey-headed Parakeet Psittacula finschii Psittacidae NT LR

13 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata Psittacidae NT LR

14 Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri Psittacidae NT LR

15 White-winged Magpie Urocissa xanthomelana Corvidae NT LR

16 Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti Timaliidae LC VU

17 Indochinese Wren-babbler Rimator danjoui Pellorneidae NT LR

3.1.3 Bats

3.1.3.1 Literature review

Literature review (Đặng Ngọc Cần et al., 2008; Kruskop, 2013; Manh et al., 2009; Ngo Kim Thai et al, 2013; Son and Csorba, 2007; Vuong Tan Tu, 2013) has indicated that almost nothing is known about bat diversity in the Huong Hoa - Dakrong protection forest; whereas data on bats recorded in Bac Huong Hoa and Dakrong Nature Reserves or may occur in Quang Tri province consist of at least 55 bat species (Attachment B). Among these, 06 are currently considered as nationally threatened species based on Vietnam Red Data Book (MOST, 2007); whereas only Hipposideros scutinares is currently considered as “VU- Vulnerable” or “high risk of endangerment in the wild” in the IUCN Redlist (IUCN, 2020) as it is known from a few locations within the Annamite Range and the population is small projected to decline at a rate of 10% over the next 15 years (Furey et al., 2019). In addition, two additional species have

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been categorised as“DD - data deficient" in the IUCN Redlist (IUCN, 2020) as little or no information is available on their abundance and distribution, while four other ones have not yet having been assessed by the IUCN as they were either recently described or re-evaluated their species rank (Table 3.3).

Table 3.3 Bat species of high conservation values recorded or may occur in Quang Tri province

No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name IUCN VNRDB

1 Cynopterus brachyotis Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat Dơi chó cánh ngắn LC VU

2 Rhinolophus Bourret's Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá quạt LC VU paradoxolophus

3 Rhinolophus thomasi Rhinolophus thomasi Dơi lá tô-ma LC VU

4 Hipposideros scutinares Shield-nosed roundleaf bat Dơi nếp mũi Prat VU

5 Harpiocephalus harpia Hairy-winged Bat Dơi mũi ống cánh lông LC VU

6 Ia io Great Evening Bat Dơi io LC VU

7 Murina beelzebub Black Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông đen DD

8 Murina feae Ashy-gray Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông chân NE

9 Murina fionae Fiona's Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống sọ lồi NE

10 M. annamiticus Annamit Myotis Dơi tai việt nam DD

11 M. siligorensis Himalayan whiskered bat Dơi tai sọ cao LC R

12 Tylonycteris fulvida Lesser Bamboo Bat Dơi chân đệm thịt bé NE

13 Tylonycteris malayana Greater bamboo bats Dơi chân đệm thịt lớn NE Notes: IUCN: DD=Data Deficient, LC=Least Concern, VU=Vulnerable; R–Rare; NE- not evaluated

3.1.4 Non-volant terrestrial mammals

3.1.4.1 Literature Review The project site is located within a largely anthropogenically modified landscape, with varying amounts of remnant highly degraded and fragmented forest remnants remaining in two of the sites. They are separated from Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve and Dak Krong Nature Reserve by large swaths of even more heavily degraded and anthropogenically modified landscape as well as on the North and East by Ho Chi Minh Tay and AH16 highway, and from the South by Xe Pon river anthropogenic corridor. The western most site lies adjacent to better forest itself connected with a larger area of forest in Lao, which is approximately 5 times the size of combined remnant forest patches in the survey area. A part of Dong Phou Vieng Protected Area in Lao also located within the proximity of 50km from the survey areas. The Phou Xang He protected area also has quite similar natural conditions like the survey areas, therefore, the mammal list for Phou Xang He was also reviewed to provide the best likelihood of presence for wildlife species in survey sites.

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Various surveys were conducted in the effort to determine the list of mammal species presenting in in these protected areas. Some noticeable surveys conducted in Dak Krong Nature Reserve and Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve includes: 1. Nguyen Tuan Anh et al., (2017) recorded 14 mammal species by 9 camera traps, which were set up for one year in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. However, Muntjac group were not identified into species, therefore, it was unclear about the presence of important species such as Large-antlered Muntjac (Muntiacus vuquangensis) [IUCN CR] and Roosevelts’ Muntjac Group (Muntiacus rooseveltorum s.l.) [IUCN DD]. 2. Khong Trung (2014) recorded a list of 89 mammal species (included bats) for Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. Important species were confirmed by camera traps and direct observation include Annamite Striped Rabbit (Nesolagus timminsi) [IUCN: EN], Gaur (Bos gaurus) [IUCN: VU], Large-antlered Muntjac, Red-shanked Douc Langur (Pygathrix nemaeus) [IUCN: EN] and Hatinh Langur (Trachypithecus hatinhensis) [IUCN: EN]. 3. Mahood et al., (2008) recorded a list of 47 mammal species (not including bats) for Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. In this report, important species such as Red-shanked Douc Langur, Gibbon (Nomascus sp.) [IUCN: EN], Annamite Striped Rabbit, Sunda Pangolin (Manis javanica) [IUCN: CR], Large-antlered Muntjac, Gaur were confirmed by direct observation. Records of Sao La were mainly based on interview with local people which was difficult to confirm their observations. 4. Le Trong Trai et al., (1999) listed a total of 43 non-volant mammal species for Dak Krong Nature Reserve and Phong Dien with special notice on four endemic species include Gibbon, Red- shanked Douc Langur, Large-antlered Muntjac and Saola. Especially, a survey conducted by Le Manh Hung et al., (2002) in Huong Hoa district covering Huong Phung ward, which is close to the project site in this report. The major results of this survey is come from interviewing results, which focused on endemic and threatened species as Large-antlered Muntjac, Saola, Annamite Striped Rabbit, Red-shanked Douc Langur, Tiger and bears. The records of these large mammals are mainly originated from the period of 1980s that are exacerbated at the present due to intensive hunting and habitat lost. Therefore, there was not much information on the species presence. For further review on the probability of presence of mammal species in survey areas, a table of species references in Dong Phou Vieng and Phou Xang He protected areas is also compiled in table below, in comparison with Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve.

3.1.4.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database The database scanning results presented 39 species of mammal may occur in project area, showing in Table 3.4 and Attachment C. In this list, according to IUCN, there were total 01 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 04 Endangered (EN) species, 04 Vulnerable (VU) species. On the other hand, Vietnam Red Databook 2007 recognised 05 Endangered (EN) species and 11 Vulnerable (VU) species.

Table 3.4 List of non-volant mammal species may occur in project area and it vicinity

No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Book List

1 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri LC

2 Northern Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis VU VU A1c,d

3 Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus VU VU A1c,d

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No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Book List

4 Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides VU VU A1c,d B1 + 2b,c

5 Northern Pig Tailed Macaca leonina VU VU A1c,d Macaque

6 Assammese Macaque Macaca assamensis NT VU A1c,d

7 Red-shanked Douc Pygathrix nemaeus EN EN A1a,c,d B2b

8 Gibbon Nomascus sp. EN EN A1c,d C2a

9 Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor NT VU A1a,c,d

10 Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus LC

11 Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufigenis LC

12 Cambodian Striped Squirrel Tamiops rodolphii LC

13 Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis LC VU A1c

14 Flying Squirrel Hylopetes sp(p).

15 Hairy-footed flying squirrel Belomys pearsonii DD

16 Bamboo Rat Rhizomys sp. LC

17 Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyura LC

18 Asiatic Brush-tailed Atherurus macrourus LC Porcupine

19 Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah LC

20 Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa LC

21 Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata LC

22 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus LC hermaphroditus

23 Small-toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata LC LR nt

24 Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha LC Observed

25 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica LC

26 Owston's Palm Civet Chrotogale owstoni EN VU A1c,d C1

27 Spotted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor LC VU A1 c,d

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No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Book List

28 Ferret Badger Melogale LC

29 Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula LC

30 Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanvicus LC

31 Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva LC

32 Annamite Striped Rabbit Nesolagus timminsi EN EN B1a+2aD

33 Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica CR EN A1c,d C1+2a

34 Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis LC

35 Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa LC

36 Red Muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis LC VU A1c,d C1

37 Lesser Oriental Chevrotain Tragulus kanchil DD VU A1a,d C1

38 Rooseveltorum Group Muntiacus rooseveltorum DD DD Muntjac s.l.

39 Chinese Serow Capricornis milneedwardsii NT EN A1c,d B1+2a,b C2a

Note: LC – Least Concern, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, EN – Endangered, DD – Data Deficient, CR – Critically Endangered.

3.1.5 Herpetofauna

3.1.5.1 Literature review To date, the herpetofauna of the project site has been not fully known. Most studies on amphibians and reptiles in Quang Tri province were conducted in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve (NR), Dakrong NR and coastal plains. Mahood & Tran (2008) mentioned 28 species in total (three species of amphibians and 25 species of reptiles) for the Bac Huong Hoa NR citied from the previous studies of Orlov & Ho (2005), Dang Ngoc Can et al. (2006), and Cao (2007). Ngo Dac Chung et al. 2009 documented 36 amphibian species and 53 reptilian species in the Dakrong NR. However, a complete species list from this study was not available. In the book of Herpetofauna of Vietnam (Nguyen et al. 2009), 58 species of reptiles and amphibians were listed as occurring in Huong Hoa District. Ngo Dac Chung et al. 2012 recorded 38 amphibian species and 64 reptilian species for Quang Tri province from surveys conducted in Dak Rong NR and coastal plains but not provided a complete species list. Nguyen et al. 2016 described 16 amphibian and 15 reptiles species in Bac Huong Hoa NR of which five species were listed in the VNRB 2007 (three species listed as VU and two as EN); seven species were listed in IUCN 2016 (one species listed as NT, two as VU, two as EN, and one as CR). Five species of

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turtle were documented, of the turtles only Cyclemys oldhamii was in the wild, two additional C. oldhamii in local trade, and four species, Platysternon megacephalum, C. bourreti, Cuora mohoutii obsti, and Manouria impressa were also seen in local communities around Bac Huong Hoa NR and reportedly caught in the protected area.

Hoang Ngọc Thao et al. 2019 listed 36 amphibians and 77 reptiles in Quang Tri province from specimens and literature review (Attachment D).

3.1.5.2 Scanning Biodiversity Database Base on the fully and latest species list of amphibians and reptiles in Quang Tri province (Hoang et al. 2019, Attachment D), our database scanning found two frog species and 11 reptilian species are listing as threatened in IUCN Red list 2020 (Table 3.5). According to IUCN, there were total 2 Critically Endangered (CR) species, 5 Endangered (EN) species, 5 Vulnerable (VU) species. On the other hand, Vietnam Red Databook 2007 recognised 2 Endangered (EN) species and 3 Vulnerable (VU) species. All of threatened species are distributed in primary and secondary in protected areas (Ngo et al. 2012; Nguyen et al. 2016). In the proposed project areas which are mainly plantation forests and farms, together with strong pressure of habitat loss and hunting, the presence probability of those threatened species may be low.

Table 3.5 List of threatened species of amphibian and reptilian in Quang Tri province

No Species English name IUCN VNRB 2007 2020

1 Quasipaa verrucospinosa Verrucosa Spiny Frog NT

2 Microhyla annamensis Annam narrow-mouthed Frog VU

3 Physignathus cocincinus Chinese Water-dragon VU VU A1c,d

4 Platysternon megacephalum Big-headed Turtle EN EN A1d + 2d

5 Cuora bourreti Bourret’s Box Turtle CR

6 Cuora mouhotii Southern keeled box Turtle EN

7 Cuora galbinifrons Vietnamese box Turtle CR EN A1d+2d

8 Manouria impressa Impressed Tortoise VU VU A1c,d+2d

9 Mauremys mutica Asian brown Pond-turtle EN

10 Sacalia quadriocellata Four-eyed Turtle EN

11 Amyda cartilaginea Asiatic Softshell Turtle VU

12 Palea steindachneri Wattle-necked Softshell-turtle EN VU A1c,d+2cd

13 Naja atra Chinese Cobra VU

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3.2 Field Survey

3.2.1 Flora survey

3.2.1.1 Taxonomic composition and distribution of plants within the project area A total of 48 plant taxa arranging in 30 different families were collected during the reent survey (Table 3.6). Of which, 42 were identified into species or genus level while six remainers that were lacking of reproductive organs (e.g. flowers or fruits) were allocated to family only. Accordingly, the families with the greatest number of plant species were Asteraceae and Rubiaceae (4 taxa), followed by Apocinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae and Thelyperidaceae (3 taxa), while other families have only one or two taxa (Figure 3.1).

Number of recorded species 5

4

3

2

1

0

Figure 3.1 Number of plant species by plant family The vegetation of each area described detail and listed in Table 3.6 and further detail in Attachment E.

Table 3.6 List of plant species recorded at Phong Huy windfarm project

No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB

1 Liquidambar formosana Hance Altingiaceae Sâu trắng, Bạch giao, Trao, Sau sau

2 Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Hoa sữa, mò cua

3 Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f. Apocynaceae Hà thủ ô

4 Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Asteraceae Từ bi xanh, Đại bi, Băng phiến

5 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Cỏ cứt heo

6 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Xuyến chi, Song nha

7 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. Asteraceae Cỏ lào, yên bạch King & H. Rob.

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No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB

8 Blechnum orientale L. Blechnaceae

9 Lonicera japonica Thunb. Caprifoliaceae Kim ngân

10 Chloranthaceae

11 Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. Cibotiaceae Cẩu tích, Lông cu li

12 Alsophila latebrosa Wall. ex Hook. Cyatheaceae Ráng Tiên tọa rộng

13 Dioscorea sp. Dioscoreaceae

14 Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpaceae Sao đen

15 Elaeocarpus sp. Elaeocarpaceae Côm

16 Vernicia montana Lour. Euphorbiaceae Trẩu

17 Sauropus sp. Euphorbiaceae

18 Euphorbiaceae

19 Crotalaria sp. Fabaceae Sục sạc

20 Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright Fabaceae Trinh nữ móc

21 Fagaceae

22 Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Gleicheniaceae Ráng Tây sơn Underw.

23 Eustigma balansae Oliv. Hamamelidaceae Chân thư Balansa

24 Dichroa febrifuga Lour. Hydrangeaceae Thường sơn

25 Lamiaceae

26 Callicarpa rubella Lindl. Lamiaceae Tử châu đỏ

27 Barringtonia scortechinii King Lecythidaceae Chiếc Scortechini

28 Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. Lindsaeaceae Rán Ô phỉ

29 Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. Lycopodiaceae Thông đất

30 Melastoma septemnervium Lour. Melastomaceae Muôi trắng, Muôi bảy gân

31 Melastoma eberhardtii Guillaumin Melastomaceae Muôi Eberhardt

32 Ficus esquiroliana H. Lév. Moraceae Sung Esquirol

33 Ficus sp. 2 Moraceae

34 Decaspermum gracilentum Myrtaceae Thập tử mảnh (Hance) Merr. & L.M. Perry

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No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/VRDB

35 Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Myrtaceae Hồng sim Hassk.

36 Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese Pinaceae Thông 2 lá IUCN: VU

37 Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Poaceae Đót Hornem.) Honda

38 Polygala chinensis L. Polygalaceae Bất hoán, Kích nhũ Trung Quốc

39 Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt. Rosaceae Dum ngấy, Ngấy trắng

40 Rubiaceae

41 Hedyotis cf. lineata Roxb. Rubiaceae An điền

42 Rubiaceae

43 Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. Rutaceae Hoàng mộc nhiều gai ex Hook. f.

44 Smilax sp. Smilacaceae

45 Solanum rudepannum Dunal Solanaceae

46 Pronephrium sp. Thelypteridaceae Ráng tiền thận

47 Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lév. Thelypteridaceae

48 Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Thelypteridaceae Itô

3.2.1.2 Invasive plants Four allien invasive species were only found scattering along the road and forest edge of Phong Huy project area. Mimosa pigra was absence.

Table 3.7 List of allien invasive species reorded in Phong Huy

No. Scientific name Family Vietnamese name

1 Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Cỏ cứt heo

2 Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Xuyến chi, Song nha

3 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Rob. Asteraceae Cỏ lào, yên bạch

4 Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright Fabaceae Trinh nữ móc

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3.2.1.3 Vegetation type mapping

Ground truth data Transect 1: The vegetation types recorded on the slopes in the two sides of the road (northern side and southern side) were relatively different. In the northern side, Vernicia montana and Sauropus were found to have sparse distribution. There are many deep big holes on the ground in this side which the water-keeping properties, the vegetation is quite diverse with lots of ferns (Blechnum orientale L., Lindsaea sp., Odontosoria chinensis, Pronephrium sp., Thelypteris ssp.) and other plant such as Callicarpa rubella Lindl., Desmodium sp., Mimosa pudica and Sauropus sp. On other slope (sothern side), the vegetation is dominated by dense Merkus Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese), the plant native to the Philippines and Sumatra, rated as Vulnerable (VU) by IUCN Red List, Vernicia montana and Liquidambar formosana. Transect 2 & Transect 3: The vegetation recorded along transect 2 and transect 3 were similar to the souther side of transect 1 which is dominated by the plantation of Mekus Pine. The ground under canopy in Phong Huy is usually covered by grass, a non-flowering Convolvulaceae, Lycopodiella cernua, and Hedyotis scandens. Shrub is dominated by Melastoma spp., Sauropus sp., Blumea balsamifera and Chromolaena odorata with the first appearance of Hồng sim (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk.) From grouth truth data and satellite imagery visualation, we classified vegetation of Phong Huy project into 3 categories:

 Merkus Pine plantation (Pinus merkusii): The plantation is nominated by pine and mixed with variety other species including of Vernicia, Merkus Pine, Chinese Sweet Gum (Liquidambar formosana) and other natural forest species such as tree fern Alsophila latebrosa, Cibotium barometz, Barringtonia sp., Smilax sp., Schefflera sp. and bamboo. Visualized on google aerial imagery as Figure 3.2.

Figure 3.2 Pine plantation looks from google aerial imagery

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 Scrub: This category described as the northern side of transect 1, it is natural scrub of ferns (Blechnum orientale L., Lindsaea sp., Odontosoria chinensis, Pronephrium sp., Thelypteris ssp.) and other plant such as Callicarpa rubella Lindl., Desmodium sp., Mimosa pudica and Sauropus sp. and scattered by small Vernicia trees. Visualized on google aerial imagery as Figure 3.3.

Figure 3.3 Scrub landscape looks from Google aerial imagery (north part of transect 1)

 Agricultural land: Occuping mainly by paddy rice field with a few open-water ponds

Figure 3.4 Agricultural land looks from Google aerial imagery

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Statistics of vegetation types show in Table 3.8 and Figure 3.5 below and Vegetation mapping results as Figure 3.6.

Table 3.8 Vegetation types occupy in Phong Huy Wind power area

Vegetation category Area (m2) Percentage

Merkus Pine plantation 2,846,183 81%

Agrilcultural land 169,569 5%

Scrub 477,700 14%

Total area 3,493,452 100%

14%

5%

81%

Merkus Pine plantation Agrilcultural land Scrub

Figure 3.5 Statistics of vegetation types

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Figure 3.6 Vegetation types within Phong Huy Wind Power Project

3.2.2 Terrestrial Fauna Survey

3.2.2.1 Birds

3.2.2.1.1 Species richness Species composition was compiled from two observation methods, total 59 bird species were recorded (belong to 22 families). Vantage point count recorded 49 species while line transect survey recorded 57 species. 46 species observed by both VP count and line transect surveys. There were 3 species observed by VP survey but not seen during transect survey (Indian Cuckoo, Black Eagle and Besra) while up to 10 species recorded by transect survey but were not detected by VP count. All recorded species are considered as common in the region, none of them are listed threatened category in IUCN red list nor Vietnam Red Data Book (Table 3.9). The most common families were Columbidea (dove and pigeon) and Apodidae (swift) which have 6 species recorded, following are Leiotrichidae (laughingthrush) and Cuculidae (cuckoo) which have 5 species (Figure 3.7.)

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Number species of each family 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Figure 3.7 Number species of each bird family

Table 3.9 List of the birds recorded in Phong Huy windfarm project

No.

English name Scientific name Family Global Red IUCN List VNDB PHVP1 PHVP2 Transect survey Category Category

1 Bar-backed Partridge Arborophila brunneopectus Phasianidae LC X X

2 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Phasianidae LC X X X

3 Oriental Turtle-dove Streptopelia orientalis Columbidae LC X X

4 Red Turtle-dove Streptopelia tranquebarica Columbidae LC X

5 Eastern Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis Columbidae LC X X

6 Barred Cuckoo-dove Macropygia unchall Columbidae LC X X X

7 Wedge-tailed Green-pigeon Treron sphenurus Columbidae LC X X X

8 Mountain Imperial-pigeon Ducula badia Columbidae LC X X X

9 Silver-backed Needletail Hirundapus Apodidae LC X cochinchinensis

10 Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris Apodidae LC X X

11 Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus Apodidae LC X X X

12 Asian Palm-swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae LC X X X

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No.

English name Scientific name Family Global Red IUCN List VNDB PHVP1 PHVP2 Transect survey Category Category

13 Pacific Swift Apus pacificus Apodidae LC X X X

14 House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae LC X X X

15 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae LC X X X

16 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae LC X

17 Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis Cuculidae LC X

18 Fork-tailed Drongo-cuckoo Surniculus dicruroides Cuculidae LC X X

19 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae LC X X

20 Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Accipitridae LC X X X

21 Crested Serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela Accipitridae LC X X X

22 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis Accipitridae LC X X

23 Besra Accipiter virgatus Accipitridae LC X

24 Red-headed Trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus Trogonidae LC X X

25 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni Meropidae LC X X

26 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti Meropidae LC X X X

27 Red-vented Barbet Psilopogon lagrandieri Megalaimidae LC X

28 Moustached Barbet Psilopogon incognitus Megalaimidae LC X X X

29 Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii Oriolidae LC X X X

30 White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca Vireonidae LC X X

31 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Campephagidae LC X X X

32 Indochinese Cuckooshrike Lalage polioptera Campephagidae LC X

33 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis Campephagidae LC X

34 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus Artamidae LC X

35 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae LC X X X

36 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae LC X X X

37 Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer Dicruridae LC X X

38 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae LC X

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No.

English name Scientific name Family Global Red IUCN List VNDB PHVP1 PHVP2 Transect survey Category Category

39 Ratchet-tailed Treepie Temnurus temnurus Corvidae LC X X

40 Racquet-tailed Treepie Crypsirina temia Corvidae LC X

41 Common Green Magpie Cissa chinensis Corvidae LC X X

42 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae LC X X X

43 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius Cisticolidae LC X X

44 Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus Hirundinidae LC X X

45 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Hirundinidae LC X X X

46 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae LC X X

47 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus Pycnonotidae LC X X X

48 Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris Pycnonotidae LC X X X

49 Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster Pycnonotidae LC X X X

50 Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus Zosteropidae LC X X

51 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus Zosteropidae LC X X

52 White-browed Scimitar-babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps Timaliidae LC X X X

53 White-crested Laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus Leiotrichidae LC X X

54 Rufous-cheeked Garrulax castanotis Leiotrichidae LC X X X Laughingthrush

55 Black-throated Laughingthrush Garrulax chinensis Leiotrichidae LC X X

56 Silver-eared Mesia Leiothrix argentauris Leiotrichidae LC X X X

57 Blue-winged Minla Siva cyanouroptera Leiotrichidae LC X X

58 Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica Muscicapidae LC X X

59 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata Estrildidae LC X X X

3.2.2.1.2 Species considered Prone to Collision During the survey, 75 hours (Attachment F) were spent undertaking VP count method surveys (37 hours at VP1 and 38 hours at VP2). Totally 377 records of 49 species, of which, 40 species were observed at VP1 while 37 species were observed at VP2. Number species recorded at the two VPs are similar however the species composition is different, there were 12 species were detected at VP2 but those did not occur at VP1, likewise 9 species at VP1 were not found at VP2 (Table 3.10). In other aspects,

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number of birds were counted at the VP1 and VP2 are similar (190 records of 543 individuals and 187 records of 561 individuals respectively) (Figure 3.8).

600 561 543

500

400

300

190 187 200

100 40 37

0 VP1 VP2

Numer of Records Number of species Bird counted

Figure 3.8 Comparison records and diversity of birds between two VPs

3.2.2.1.3 Bird activities at vantage point and bird traffic A total of 10,215 seconds of bird flying was observed from the two vantage points (7,980 seconds at VP1 and 2,235 at VP2). The observation results were also indicated 51% of time that birds flew in RSZ (band 2), 38% of time flew below RSZ and only 11% of time flew above over RSZ. This issue can be explained because the project area is hilly (a bird flies from the hill to valley will cross down to RSZ (see flight pattern at Figure 3.9).

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000 Totalseconds of bird flying

0 Band 1 Band 2 Band 3

Total time in both VPs Time flying at VP1 Time flying at VP2

Figure 3.9 Flight pattern of birds recorded at Phong Huy wind power

3.2.2.1.4 Flock size At VP1, maxium flock 69 individuals of Red-rumped Swallow was obserevd, this species also had greatest mean number of birds in observed flock (21.88 birds). At VP2, the biggest flock was 33 individuals of Edible-nest Swiftlet and had mean number of birds in observed in flock 10.09 (second

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greatest), the Chestnut-headed Bee-eater had greatest mean number of birds in observed flock (12 birds) however this species was recorded only once at VP2 during survey. In general, average flock size was observed similarly at VP1 and VP2, 2.53 birds and 2.61 birds respectively (Table 3.11 and Figure 3.10).

Table 3.10 Average flock size of each bird species observed at Phong Huy Wind Power project

No. Species Mean flock VP1 Mean flock VP2

1 Bar-backed Partridge 1.00

2 Red Jungle fowl 1.50 1.00

3 Oriental Turtle-dove 1.10

4 Eastern Spotted Dove 1.00

5 Barred Cuckoo-dove 1.33 1.57

6 Wedge-tailed Green-pigeon 1.00 1.00

7 Mountain Imperial-pigeon 1.18 1.00

8 Himalayan Swiftlet 2.67

9 Edible-nest Swiftlet 13.00 10.09

10 Asian Palm-swift 2.33 10.71

11 Pacific Swift 4.11 7.86

12 House Swift 3.71 2.36

13 Greater Coucal 1.00 1.00

14 Fork-tailed Drongo-cuckoo 1.00

15 Indian Cuckoo 1.00 1.00

16 Oriental Honey-buzzard 1.00 5.00

17 Crested Serpent-eagle 1.50 1.00

18 Black Eagle 1.00 1.50

19 Besra 1.00

20 Red-headed Trogon 1.00

21 Blue-bearded Bee-eater 1.00

22 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater 8.00 12.00

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No. Species Mean flock VP1 Mean flock VP2

23 Moustached Barbet 5.00 1.00

24 Maroon Oriole 1.00 2.00

25 White-bellied Erpornis 1.00

26 Scarlet Minivet 1.50 3.50

27 Black Drongo 1.00 2.00

28 Ashy Drongo 1.14 1.38

29 Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo 1.50

30 Ratchet-tailed Treepie 1.00

31 Common Green Magpie 1.00

32 Large-billed Crow 2.00 1.63

33 Common Tailorbird 1.50

34 Asian House Martin 1.00

35 Red-rumped Swallow 21.88 1.00

36 Barn Swallow 3.00

37 Black Bulbul 1.51 1.75

38 Black-crested Bulbul 1.20 2.00

39 Sooty-headed Bulbul 1.80 1.80

40 Japanese White-eye 2.50

41 Oriental White-eye 1.50

42 White-browed Scimitar-babbler 1.00 1.00

43 White-crested Laughingthrush 1.00

44 Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush 1.40 1.00

45 Black-throated Laughingthrush 1.00

46 Silver-eared Mesia 1.00 2.00

47 Blue-winged Minla 1.00

48 Dark-sided Flycatcher 1.00

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No. Species Mean flock VP1 Mean flock VP2

49 White-rumped Munia 3.33 2.67

Max 21.88 12.00

Average 2.53 2.61

Min 1.00 1.00

23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10

9 Mean Mean numberof birds in observed flock 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VP1 VP2 Vantage point

Figure 3.10 Mean of flock size at each Vantage Point

3.2.2.1.5 Collision Risk Table 3.11 below showing detail results from VPs count, there were 2 species (House Swift and Red- rumped Swallow) considered as high-risk to collision which assuming by their frequency of flying in RSZ, number of individuals counted and their flock size. However, those species are common with low population, if we applied collision risk matrix (Table 2.3), none of recorded species are listed as global threatened species, thus Phong Huy windfarm project is likely insignificant impact, at least during dry/none migratory season.

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Table 3.11 Results of vantage point count at Phong Huy windfarm project for risk assessment

No. English name Records Counts Flight Band 1 Flight Band 2 Flight Band 3

VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2 VP1 VP2

Total 2 band time Potentialcollision risk risk

1 House Swift 24 11 89 26 780 90 1755 225 105 75 1980 high

2 Red-rumped Swallow 8 2 175 2 465 30 1065 0 300 0 1065 high

3 Pacific Swift 9 14 37 110 15 105 420 225 300 60 645 medium

4 Large-billed Crow 1 8 2 13 15 30 0 165 0 30 165 medium

5 Mountain Imperial-pigeon 11 2 13 2 120 30 150 0 0 0 150 medium

6 Crested Serpent-eagle 2 3 3 3 0 45 60 90 75 0 150 medium

7 Oriental Turtle-dove 10 11 135 135 0 135 medium

8 Black Eagle 3 2 3 3 0 0 90 45 75 45 135 medium

9 Ashy Drongo 7 16 8 22 90 150 30 105 0 30 135 medium

10 Edible-nest Swiftlet 2 11 26 111 30 210 45 75 0 0 120 medium

11 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater 1 1 8 12 0 15 75 45 0 0 120 medium

12 Asian Palm-swift 3 7 7 75 75 90 90 15 0 0 105 medium

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13 Barred Cuckoo-dove 3 7 4 11 45 90 60 15 0 0 75 low

14 Barn Swallow 5 15 135 60 0 60 low

15 Oriental Honey-buzzard 1 2 1 10 0 15 15 30 15 0 45 low

16 Maroon Oriole 3 2 3 4 0 0 0 45 0 0 45 low

17 Scarlet Minivet 2 4 3 14 30 60 0 30 0 0 30 low

18 Black Drongo 1 2 1 4 15 15 0 30 0 0 30 low

19 Asian House Martin 1 1 0 30 0 30 low

20 Eastern Spotted Dove 1 0 1 0 15 0 15 low

21 Blue-bearded Bee-eater 1 1 15 15 0 15 low

22 Sooty-headed Bulbul 5 10 9 18 75 150 15 0 0 0 15 low

23 Bar-backed Partridge 2 2 0 0 0 0 low

24 Red Junglefowl 2 1 3 1 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 low

25 Wedge-tailed Green-pigeon 1 1 1 1 15 15 0 0 0 0 0 low

26 Himalayan Swiftlet 3 8 165 0 0 0 low

27 Greater Coucal 1 3 1 3 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 low

28 Fork-tailed Drongo-cuckoo 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

29 Indian Cuckoo 4 6 4 6 15 90 0 0 0 0 0 low

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30 Besra 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

31 Red-headed Trogon 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

32 Moustached Barbet 6 5 30 5 0 75 0 0 0 0 0 low

33 White-bellied Erpornis 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

34 Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo 2 3 30 0 0 0 low

35 Ratchet-tailed Treepie 2 2 30 0 0 0 low

36 Common Green Magpie 2 2 0 0 0 0 low

37 Common Tailorbird 2 3 30 0 0 0 low

38 Black Bulbul 35 32 53 56 555 480 0 0 0 0 0 low

39 Black-crested Bulbul 5 2 6 4 60 30 0 0 0 0 0 low

40 Japanese White-eye 6 15 90 0 0 0 low

41 Oriental White-eye 14 21 225 0 0 0 low

42 White-browed Scimitar-babbler 1 1 1 1 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 low

43 White-crested Laughingthrush 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

44 Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush 5 3 7 3 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 low

45 Black-throated Laughingthrush 1 1 0 0 0 0 low

46 Silver-eared Mesia 1 2 1 4 0 30 0 0 0 0 0 low

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47 Blue-winged Minla 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

48 Dark-sided Flycatcher 1 1 15 0 0 0 low

49 White-rumped Munia 3 6 10 16 60 90 0 0 0 0 0 low

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3.2.2.2 Bats

3.2.2.2.1 Potential bat roosts and foraging areas within the project area The observation during the field survey indicated that most proposed wind turbines are surrounded different habitats including Mu oil tree and pine plantations (Vernicia montana), meadow, cultivated land. At several turbines, there are secondary forest patches mixed with plantations. There are also some water bodies (i.e. streams and ponds) in and nearby project area, but most of these were in drought due to hot and dry weather of dry season. During the survey, the observation and interview with local people confirmed that there is none of cave or rock crevice in the project area. However, a variety of habitats, particularly the secondary forest patches found sporadically in the foothills or valleys wthin project area, can provide suitable day roosts of bat colonies with small number of individuals or foraging areas of local bat assemblages including fruit-eating bats (Figure 3.11).

Access road Meadow

Water bodies at foothills 2nd forest patches at the foothills

Figure 3.11 Major habitat types within and nearby project area

3.2.2.2.2 Overall bat diversity within and nearby project area During the survey, the weather conditions was relatively favorable for bat activity (e.g. cool weather and light winds). Based on live-trappings and acoustic samplings, the habitats within project area supports at least 21 bat species (Table 3.12, Figure 3.12 and Figure 3.13). Of which, the overall species richness recorded by both has varied between 09 and 18 bat species among surveyed sites (Table 3.12).

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Live-trappings: 32 bats representing 10 species of four families were captured by live-traps set at ground level in two surveyed sites. Of the captured bats, most females were still lactating, while several juveniles started weaning. This suggests that March–July period may be the critical period of breeding season of local bat fauna – which is consistent with the former report in the North of Vietnam (e.g. Furey et al. 2011).

Megaerops niphanae Rhinolophus luctus Rhinolophus pusillus

Myotis cf. muricola Kerivoula titania Kerivoula depressa

Murina annamitica Murina feae Murina cyclotis

Murina cf. fionae

Figure 3.12 Portraits of bat species captured by live-trapping during field study

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Acoustic samplings: The passive acoustic samplings at 06 point-counts within the project areas also recorded 2962 bat passes. These detected bats were identified into 15 phonic types/species including 12 have not been captured by live-samplings (Figure 3.13 and Table 3.12). Based on the acoustic keys, four phonic types of CF bats may be attributed to species of the two families, Rhinolophidae (R. affinis and R. pearsonii) and Hipposideridae (Hipposideros armiger and Hipposideros scutinares). Likewise, the identity of the 07 detected FM bat species that are called as end frequencies (e.g. FM17– FM50) is waiting for the reference calls of captured bats during future trapping efforts.

A – CF (constant frequency) bat species

B –FM (frequency modulate) bat species

Figure 3.13 Echolocation call structures of bat species recorded by acoustic samplings during the present survey

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Table 3.12 Bat species found within the surveyed sites in Phong Huy Wind Farm

N0 Scientific name Common name IUCN Sites: C–Captured, E–Acoustic detection

1. Pteropodidae Fruit bats PH01 PH02* PH03 PH04* PH05 PH06*

Megaerops niphane Greater Shortnosed Fruit Bat LC C(1)

2. Rhinolophidae Horseshoe bat

Rhinolophus affinis Intermediate horseshoe bat LC E E E E

Rhinolophus luctus Wooly horseshoe bat LC C(1)

Rhinolophus pearsonii Pearson’s horseshoe bat LC E E

Rhinolophus pusillus Least horseshoe bat LC E, C(5) E E E E E

3. Hipposideridae Leaf-nosed bats

Hipposideros armiger Great leaf-nosed bat LC E

Hipposideros scutinares Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat VU E

4. Vespertilionidae Vesper bats

Kerovoula depressa Flat-headed woolly bat NE C(16) C(1)

Kerivoula titania Titania’s woolly bat LC C(2)

Myotis cf. muricola (FM56) Nepalese whiskered myotis LC E, C(1) E E E E E

Murina annamitica Annamite tube nosed bat NE C(1)

Murina cyclotis Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat LC C(1)

Murina feae Ashy-gray tube-nosed bat NE C(1)

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N0 Scientific name Common name IUCN Sites: C–Captured, E–Acoustic detection

Murina fionae Fiona's Tube-Nosed Bat NE C(1) C(1)

Phonic type/species (FM17) E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM30) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM35) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM45) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM40) E E E E E E

Phonic type/species (FM50) E E E E E E

5. Emballoniridae Sheath-tailed bats

Taphozous sp. (FM24) Tomb bat LC E E E E E E

Total 18 11 13 9 10 10 Legend: IUNC: VU – Vunerable;LC – Least concern; NA – Not Evaluated; cf. – initial species identification. - * Sites surveyed by acoustic sampling only; Numbers of bats recorded by live-trapping are given in parenthesis;

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3.2.2.2.3 Conservation significance As presented in the Table 3.12, the identity of seven FM bat species detected by acoustic samplings remains to be investigated and thus their conservation status is unknown. Of the identified species in the project area, the capture of the single femaie of Murina annamitica at the PH03 was regarded as the first record of this species from Quang Tri while all other ones were previously recorded or known to be able to occur in the province (Attachment B). In addition, with the exception of Hipposideros scutinares that is currently listed as VU (Vulnerable) in the IUCN Red List of the Threatened Species (IUCN, 2020), all the resting species including four that have not been evaluated, e.g. Kervioula depressa (formerly included as K. hardwickii) and three other Murina spp. (M. annamitica, M. feae and M. fionae), are not globally or nationally threatened species. It should be noted that Hipposideros scutinares, and other bat species i.e. Hipposideros armiger, Taphozous sp. are known to roost in caves; whereas during the survey, none of cave has been found/documented within the project vicinity. This suggests that this vulnerable species may roost in nearby areas and can forage preys in the project area. In addition, based on the results of live-trappings and acoustic samplings, the relative abundance of this vulnerable species in the project area might be low. However, the nightly activity pattern of this vulnerable species and other co-distributed bats within the project area might be biased low sampling efforts (e.g. only three-night samplings), the availability of insects, habitats or weather conditions. Therefore, further investigations are needed to assess their temporal and spatial variation in population size and activity.

3.2.2.2.4 Collision Risk Based on their foraging strategies, a large number of bat species recorded in the project area including the globally vunerable Hipposideros scutinares are recognized as “low risk of collision”, while Myotis muricola, Taphozous sp., and other seven unidentified FM bats species are open foragers and thus can be regarded as “high risk of collision” with wind turbines (Table 3.13) (See section “Assessment of potential risks of collision at wind farms” for further explanations). Although the two fruit-eating bat specie, Megaerops niphanae is known to fly into the partially cluttered airspaces under the range of heights swept by turbine blades, this was still regarded as “medium risk of collision”. This is because they are relatively large-size bats and can be attracted by the rich of ripe fruits or nectar from trees existing in the areas surrounding the proposed turbines within project area.

Table 3.13 Collision risks of bat species recorded in Phong Huy Wind Farm

N0 Scientific name Roosting Foraging Collision risk Preferences Strategies1

Megaerops niphane Foliage IV Medium

Rhinolophus affinis Cave / Hollow tree I Low

Rhinolophus luctus Cave / Hollow tree I Low

Rhinolophus pearsonii Cave / Hollow tree I Low

Rhinolophus pusillus Cave / Hollow tree I Low

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N0 Scientific name Roosting Foraging Collision risk Preferences Strategies1

Hipposideros scutinares Cave / Hollow tree I Low

Hipposideros armiger Cave I Low

Kerovoula depressa Hollow tree I Low

Kerivoula titania Hollow tree I Low

Murina annamitica Hollow tree I Low

Murina cyclotis Hollow tree I Low

Murina feae Hollow tree I Low

Murina fione Hollow tree I Low

Myotis cf. muricola (FM56) Crevices/ Hollow tree III High

Phonic type/species (FM17) III High

Phonic type/species (FM30) III High

Phonic type/species (FM35) III High

Phonic type/species (FM40) III High

Phonic type/species (FM45) III High

Phonic type/species (FM50) III High

Taphozous sp. (FM24) Cave III High

Legend: 1see section “Assessment of collision risks of bat species” for the description of the foraging strategy of recorded species.

3.2.2.2.5 Nightly activity patterns of echolocating bats within the project area

Overall activity patterns of echolocating bats within the project area Of the recorded species during the survey, three fruit-eating bat taxa cannot use echolocation for navigation at night while some other insectivores including Kerivoula spp. are known to emit calls with low energies to be detected by bat detectors. Meanwhile, all other species can be acoustically assessed. As the result, the comparison of nightly activity patterns of latter bat species at different sites recorded by acoustic samplings were then analyzed separately. Accordingly, the species richness (no. of bat species recorded per night) at each sites varied between 07 and 10 species (Figure 3.14). Whereas, the overall relative abundance (representing by number of bat passes/night) of local bats was found to be highest at PH02 followed by PH03, PH01, PH04, and lowest at PH05 and PH06 (Figure 3.14). These spatial variation in nightly activity patterns among surveyed sites was consistent with the heterogeneity of available habitats within the project area. For instance, while PH01-PH03 are surrounded by suitable habitats for roosting or foraging of local bats (e.g. secondary forests, streams), the other sites (PH04-PH06) are surrounded by most pine plantation or opened habitats.

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Bat passes/night Species richness 800 743 12 700 674 11 616 600 10 500

400 9

300 281 236 236 8

200

No. of bat passes/nightofNo.bat No. of recorded speciesofNo.recorded 7 100

0 6 PH01 PH02 PH03 PH04 PH05 PH06

Figure 3.14 Overall activity patterns of bat assemblages per surveyed sites recorded by acoustic samplings

Nightly bat activity among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings

The nightly bat activity detected by acoustic sampling at surveyed sites within the project area is depicted in the Figure 3.15, Figure 3.16 and Figure 3.17. 12 Mean Min Max 10

8

6

4 Speciesrichness 2

0 18pm 19pm 20pm 21pm 22pm 23pm 0am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am

Figure 3.15 Average nightly bat species richness among surveyed sites

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180 Mean Min Max 150

120

90

60 Bat pass/hourBat

30

0 18pm 19pm 20pm 21pm 22pm 23pm 0am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am

Figure 3.16 Average nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings 180 Mean Min Max 150

120

90

60 Bat pass/hourBat

30

0 18pm 19pm 20pm 21pm 22pm 23pm 0am 1am 2am 3am 4am 5am

Figure 3.17 Distribution of nightly abundance of bats (no. of bat passes/hour) among surveyed sites per acoustic samplings In general, bat activity patterns were found to be varied among sites (or habitats, time of the night and weather conditions. The nightly bat activity at surveyed sites is generally characterized by bimodal peaks of foraging activity (Figure 3.15 and Figure 3.17; Attachment H) which is consistent with the findings of previous studies elsewhere in temperate zones (Ciechanowski et al., 2010; Gehrt and Chelsvig, 2004; Hayes, 1997; Krauel and LeBuhn, 2016). The two foraging bouts were confined to a few hours immediately after sunset (i.e. from 19 to 22 hrs) and from 02 to 04 hrs; while between the two bouts, bat activity was reduced.

Potential impacts to bats and other wildlife in and around the project vicinity During the survey, none of direct human impacts (e.g. hunting or banishing) on bat assemblage within project vicinity was documented. However, some human activities including building access roads and grazing in and nearby the project site might reduce the quality of local environment and consequently impact negatively on bats and other wildlife. These potential negative impacts include the disturbance

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of nightly activity patterns including the prevention/barriers to the connectivity or flyways of bat populations roosted in the project vicinity and adjacent areas.

Grazing Deforestation

Figure 3.18 Habitat loss or degradation within and nearby project area

3.2.2.3 Non-volant terrestrial mammals Only one species of non-volant mammal was detected during our survey, the Yellow-throated Marten (Martes flavigula) [IUCN LC]. Based on the geographical location of the survey area in addition with habitat conditions, intervewing local people and references of species distribution in adjacent areas, there are very likely that some significant species also present in the area (Table 3.14) even though there haven’t been any direct records. Slow Loris (IUCN: VU, VNRD: VU)

Slow Loris have a wide distribution from the north to center of Vietnam. However, there haven’t been any direct record of Slow Loris for this survey area as well as other adjacent area like Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve. Nevertheless, previous surveys in Bac Huong Hoa still recorded that Slow Loris present in the area (Mahood et al. 2008). In Phou Xanghe of Lao, this species is recorded as a common species (Duckworth et al. 1993). Therefore, this is not particularly surprising given a general lack of suitable levels of survey effort required to detect the species and the difficulty of identifying the species and seperating it from Pygmy Slow Loris. Rooseveltorum Muntjac's Group (IUCN: DD, VNRD: DD) If muntjacs are still present within any forest fragments of Phong Huy, a taxon within this species group is the ‘species’ most likely to be present based on results of camera trapping from numerous Northern Annamite sites (R.J. Timmins pers. comm.). Taxonomy of this group is confused, and assigning specific species status if indeed any muntjacs in this species group remain would be impossible at present (Timmins et al. 2016). Gibbon (IUCN: EN, VNRD: EN) It seems unlikely that any gibbons could remain, however during the survey, local people reported that they heard gibbon singing in rainy season, from their village in Huong Do 2 (ca 7km from project site) . The taxon present if not yet extirpated would likely be difficult to determine given uncertainties of taxonomy and diagnostic differences between the two putative taxa, N. siki and N. annamensis, that may or may not occur in this region of the annamites. Red-shanked Douc Langur (IUCN: EN, VNRD: EN)

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None of history records indicated the Red-shanked Duoc Langur inhabited in Pine forest. None of responder from our interview survey (forest rangers and hunters) has claimed they have seen Red- shanked Duoc Langur at Phong Huy project and its vicinity. Thus, it seems this animal is unlikely occurs or extirpated at project area. Annamite Striped Rabbit (IUCN: EN, VNRD: EN) Annamite Striped Rabbit is endemic to the Annamites and relatively resilient to snares. It is likely that this species still presents in the remained forests of Phong Huy although no interviewer known this species, perhaps it is very shy and hard to see in the wild. Sunda Pangolin (IUCN: CR, VNRD: EN)

Pangolin is a heavily hunted species for wildlife trade, however, this species also doesn’t require broad spectrum of habitat to survive. They are also resilient to snaring, therefore, there’s also a chance that this species still survives in Phong Huy. Forest rangers also reported that they have seen hunters caught this species but did not remember when it was. Our interview of the 39 species have been recorded in the region, results indicated 15 species are likely to occur at project area, 4 species is possible and 19 species unlikely occurring or extinct in the project area (Table 3.14).

Table 3.14 List of non-volant mammal in Quang Tri province and interview results

No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Likelyhood List Book

1 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri LC VL

2 Northern Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis VU VU A1c,d VL

3 Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus VU VU A1c,d VL

4 Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides VU VU A1c,d B1 + EX 2b,c

5 Northern Pig Tailed Macaca leonina VU VU A1c,d EX Macaque

6 Assammese Macaque Macaca assamensis NT VU A1c,d EX

7 Red-shanked Douc Pygathrix nemaeus EN EN A1a,c,d B2b EX

8 Gibbon Nomascus sp. EN EN A1c,d C2a EX

9 Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor NT VU A1a,c,d EX

10 Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus LC VL

11 Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufigenis LC L

12 Cambodian Striped Tamiops rodolphii LC VL Squirrel

13 Indian Giant Flying Petaurista philippensis LC VU A1c P Squirrel

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No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Likelyhood List Book

14 Flying Squirrel Hylopetes sp(p). VL

15 Hairy-footed flying Belomys pearsonii DD L squirrel

16 Bamboo Rat Rhizomys sp. LC U

17 Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyura LC EX

18 Asiatic Brush-tailed Atherurus macrourus LC EX Porcupine

19 Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah LC EX

20 Stripe-backed Weasel Mustela strigidorsa LC U

21 Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata LC P

22 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus LC VL hermaphroditus

23 Small-toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata LC LR nt U

24 Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha LC LR nt EX

25 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica LC VL

26 Owston's Palm Civet Chrotogale owstoni EN VU A1c,d C1 EX

27 Spotted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor LC VU A1 c,d L

28 Ferret Badger Melogale LC VL

29 Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula LC Confirmed

30 Small Asian Mongoose Herpestes javanvicus LC VL

31 Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva LC U

32 Annamite Striped Rabbit Nesolagus timminsi EN EN B1a+2aD EX

33 Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica CR EN A1c,d C1+2a P

34 Leopard Cat Prionailurus LC VL bengalensis

35 Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa LC L

36 Red Muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis LC VU A1c,d C1 EX

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No. English Name Scientific Name IUCN Red Vietnam Red Likelyhood List Book

37 Lesser Oriental Tragulus kanchil DD VU A1a,d C1 P Chevrotain

38 Rooseveltorum Group Muntiacus DD DD EX Muntjac rooseveltorum s.l.

39 Chinese Serow Capricornis NT EN A1c,d B1+2a,b EX milneedwardsii C2a

Note: LC – Least Concern, VU – Vulnerable, NT – Near Threatened, EN – Endangered, DD – Data Deficient, CR – Critically Endangered. VL = Very Likely, L = Likely, P = Possible, U = Unlikely, EX = presumed extirpated

Threats Among three sites being surveyed, Phong Huy is promising site for wildlife. However, this site is also facing with two most serious threats: Habitat lost: Besides the transition into plantation throughout most of the top area running along the hills in the survey area, logging is another serious problem which is happening intensively in most of remained evergreen forest. For every effort of approaching these patches of forests, logging is always recorded, mainly along the slope of these hills. Hunting: Industrial snare lines were employed heavily in most of the remnants of evergreen forests. This hunting method is one among top crisis causing many species on the edge of extinction. It’s very likely that snaring is one of the main cause for the disappearance of many ground dwelling mammals in Phong Huy.

3.2.2.4 Herpetofauna Eight (8) species frog were collected, all of them are common species with wide range distribution (Table 3.15). For reptiles, five (5) lizard species and three (3) snake species were recorded. Four individuals of the Chinese water dragon (Physignathus cocincinus) were collected on trees along streams in this area. The species is restricted to low-elevation closed-canopy forests along water courses and listed as Vulnerable in the Red list of IUCN. Major threats of this species are harvesting pressure and habitat loss due to agriculture and development. Another reptilian species are common species (Table 3.15).

Table 3.15 Amphibian and reptilian species composition recorded in Phong Huy

No Scientific name Common name Sources IUCN 2020 VNRD 2007

AMPHIBIA

1 Duttaphrynus melanostictus Asian common toad Specimen LC

2 Fejervarya limnocharis Rice field frog Specimen LC

3 Occidozyga martensii Round-tongue floating frog Specimen LC

4 Microhyla heymonsi Taiwan rice frog Specimen LC

5 Microhyla mukhlesuri Narrow-mouthed frog Specimen LC

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No Scientific name Common name Sources IUCN 2020 VNRD 2007

6 Microhyla pulchra Pygmy frog Specimen LC

7 Odorana chloronota Green cascade frog Specimen LC

8 Sylvirana nigrovittata Black-striped frog Specimen LC

REPTILIA

1 Physignathus cocincinus Chinese water dragon Specimen VU VU

2 Acanthosaurus Phong Dien spiny lizard Specimen NA phongdienensis

3 Calotes emma Emma Gray's forest lizard Specimen NA

4 Hemidactylus frenatus Common house gecko Specimen LC

5 Tropidophorus Cochinchinese water skink Specimen LC cocincinensis

6 Dendrelaphis pictus Common bronzeback Specimen NA

7 Ptyas korros Indo-Chinese rat snake Specimen NA

8 Hebius leucomystax White-lipped keelback Specimen LC

In this short-term survey, the number species of amphibians and reptiles recorded in three areas were relatively low comparing to Hoang et al. (2020). This is because all three survey areas have been modified and disturbed by human as well as the study time was in dry season. However, among recorded species, some species are new records for Quang Tri province, comparing to Hoang et al. (2020). This is because all three survey areas have been modified and disturbed by human as well as the study time was in dry season. However, among recorded species, one species are new records for Quang Tri province, compare to Hoang et al. (2020). The Phong Dien spiny lizard, Acanthosaura phongdienensis, has been not listed in IUCN Red list but this species has been known only in Phong Dien, Thua Thien Hue (Nguyen et al. 2019). The record of this species in Phong Huy area has added information about the distribution of this species in Vietnam.

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4. ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Habitat loss issues and disturbance The Phong Huy windfarm project is located in the forest, although this forest is replanted, the habitats might support some high value biodiversity, e.g mammals, reptiles and birds. Our survey results at this stage did not record any global threatened species however the next survey is nessessary for final conclusion and mitigation management.

4.2 Impacts on bat Although the seasonal variation in activity patterns of local bat assemblages in project area is not available and awaits the completion of additional survey in rainy season, the achievements of the recent bat survey at sites in and nearby Phong Huy WF project has indicated that:

 The project vicinity and nearby areas support at least 17 bat species of four families. Apart from Hipposideros scutinares which is currently listed as VU in the IUCN Redlist, all other recorded bat species are known as least concern or common in many regions across the country;

 It is noteworthy that a half of bat species found with high relative abundance within the surveyed sites are characterized by their foraging strategies that were considered as “high risk of collision” with wind turbine.

 Evidence to date has showed the patterns of bat activity varied in relation to time of night, habitat, and weather conditions (temperature, rainy). Therefore, further investigations are needed to estimate temporal and spatial activity patterns of local bats to develop effective mitigation measures during the post construction of wind turbines.

 During the recent survey, although only a few suitable roosting and foraging areas were found within the project’s vicinity, these remaining habitats have continuously been converted or degraded by a number of human activities.

4.3 Impacts on bird The survey results indicate some risk to collision of several bird species, however these species are common thus it is not significant impacts during construction and operation of the Phong Huy windfarm Project on bird assemblages.

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5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Our recent findings indicated that Phong Huy windfarm project has a low impact on biodiversity during and post construction, however further study in rainy season are needed to provide accurate conclusion and to develop an adaptive management, monitoring and mitigation.

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Đặng Ngọc Cần, Endo, H., Nguyễn Trường Sơn, N.T., Oshida, T., Lê Xuân Cảnh, Đặng Huy Phương, Lunde, D.P., Kawada, S.-I., Hayashida, A., and Sasaki, M. (2008). Danh lục các loài thú hoang dã Việt Nam (Kyoto: Shokadoh Book Sellers). Das, A., Garg, S., Hamidy, A., Smith, E. N., & Biju, S. D. (2019). A new species of Micryletta frog (Microhylidae) from Northeast India. PeerJ, 7, e7012. DEA (2017). Danish Energy Agency (DEA). Vietnam Energy Outlook Report 2017 (Hanoi: Danish Energy Agency). Duckworth, J.W., Timmins, R.J. and Cozza, K. 1993b. A Wildlife and Habitat Survey of Phou Xang He Proposed Protected Area. Forest Resources Conservation Programme, Lao/Swedish Forestry Cooperation Programme, Vientiane, Lao PDR. Francis, C.M. (2008). A field guide to the mammals of South-East Asia (London: New Holland Publishers). Frost, Darrel R. 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (Date of access). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001

Furey, N., Görföl, T., Francis, C., Bates, P., Csorba, G., and Tu, V.T. (2019). Hipposideros scutinares. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T136586A22000133. Furey, N.M., Mackie, I.J., and Racey, P.A. (2009). The role of ultrasonic bat detectors in improving inventory and monitoring surveys in Vietnamese karst bat assemblages. Curr. Zool. 55, 327–341. Furey, N.M., Mackie, I.J., and Racey, P.A. (2011). Reproductive phenology of bat assemblages in Vietnamese karst and its conservation implications. Acta Chiropterologica 13, 341–354. Gehrt, S.D., and Chelsvig, J.E. (2004). Species-specific patterns of bat activity in an urban landscape. Ecol. Appl. 14, 625–635. Hayes, J.P. (1997). Temporal Variation in Activity of Bats and the Design of Echolocation-Monitoring Studies. J. Mammal. 78, 514–524. Pham Hoang Ho (1999). An illustrated flora of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh.

Hoàng Ngọc Thảo, Ngô Đắc Chứng, Hoàng Xuân Quang (2020). Thành phần loài lưỡng cư, bò sát vùng Bắc Trung Bộ. Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam, 61(1), 28-34 IFC (2012). International Finance Corporation’s Guidance Note 6: Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Management of Living Natural Resources (Washington DC: International Finance Corporation, World Bank Group). IUCN (2020). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2020-1. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 19 March 2020. Krauel, J.J., and LeBuhn, G. (2016). Patterns of Bat Distribution and Foraging Activity in a Highly Urbanized Temperate Environment. PLOS ONE 11, e0168927. Kruskop, S.V. (2013). Bats of Vietnam: Checklist and an identification manual (Moscow, Russia: KMK Sci Press). Kunz, T.H., Arnett, E.B., Cooper, B.M., Erickson, W.P., Larkin, R.P., Mabee, T., Morrison, M.L., Strickland, M., and Szewczak, J.M. (2007a). Assessing impacts of wind-energy development on nocturnally active birds and bats: a guidance document. J. Wildl. Manag. 71, 2449–2486. Kunz, T.H., Arnett, E.B., Erickson, W.P., Hoar, A.R., Johnson, G.D., Larkin, R.P., Strickland, M.D., Thresher, R.W., and Tuttle, M.D. (2007b). Ecological impacts of wind energy development on bats: questions, research needs, and hypotheses. Front. Ecol. Environ. 5, 315–324.

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Le Manh Hung, Pham Duc Tien, Nguyen Duc Tu and Cao Dang Viet (2002) A field survey of Huong Hoa district, Quang Tri province, Vietnam. Le Trong Trai, Richardson, W. J., Le Van Cham, Tran Hieu Minh, Tran Quang Ngoc, Nguyen Van Sang, Monastyrskii, A. L. and Eames, J. C. (1999). A feasibility Study for Establishment of Phong Dien (Thua Thien Hue Province) and Dakrong (Quang Tri Province) Nature Reservers, Vietnam. Lintott, P.R., Richardson, S.M., Hosken, D.J., Fensome, S.A., and Mathews, F. (2016). Ecological impact assessments fail to reduce risk of bat casualties at wind farms. Curr. Biol. 26, R1135–R1136. MacSwiney G., M.C., Clarke, F.M., and Racey, P.A. (2008). What you see is not what you get: the role of ultrasonic detectors in increasing inventory completeness in Neotropical bat assemblages. J. Appl. Ecol. 45, 1364–1371. Mahood, S., & Hung, T. V. (2008). The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Manh, N.D., Dang, N.X., and Nghia, N.X. (2009). Conservation importance of mammal fauna in Dak Rong nature reserve, Quang Tri province. Acad. J. Biol. 31, 42–50. Matthew Grainger (2011) Assessing the conservation status of Edwards’ Pheasant. CEPF Small Grant report McKenzie, N.L., Gunnell, A.C., Yani, M., and Williams, M.R. (1995). Correspondence between flight morphology and foraging ecology in some Palaeotropical bats. Aust. J. Zool. 43, 241–257. Millon, L., Julien, J.-F., Julliard, R., and Kerbiriou, C. (2015). Bat activity in intensively farmed landscapes with wind turbines and offset measures. Ecol. Eng. 75, 250–257. MOST (2007). Vietnam Red Data Book. Part 1. Animals. (Hanoi: Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology), p. 516. Neang, T., Chan, S., & Poyarkov Jr, N. A. (2018). A new species of smooth skink (Squamata: Scincidae: Scincella) from Cambodia. Zoological research, 39(3), 220. Ngo Dac Chung, Vo Dinh Ba (2009) Altitude and biotope distribution of amphibian and reptile species in Dak Rong Nature Reserve. In Proceedings in the 1rst National Scientific Workshop “Amphibian and Reptile in Vietnam”, Nghe An, pp. 25–30. Ngo Dac Chung, Vo Dinh Ba, Cap Kim Cuong (2012) The first results of species composition and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Quang Tri province. In Proceedings in the 2nd National Scientific Workshop “Amphibian and Reptile in Vietnam”, Nghe An, pp. 58–70. Ngo Kim Thai et al (2013). Species composition and conservation values of mammal fauna in Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserver, Quang Tri province. In Proceedings of the 5th Vietnam National Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources, (Hanoi: Agricultural Publishing House), pp. 287– 295. Nguyen Hoai Bao, Kaset Sutasha, Kanda Kumar, Jin-Young Park, Ding Li Yong, Josiah David Quimpo, Omaliss Keo. (2018). Field Guide to the Waterbirds of ASEAN: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam & Adjacent Territories (Woo-Shin Lee, Chang- Yong Choi, & Hankyu Kim Eds.): ASEAN-Korea Nguyen, L. T., Van Hoang, H., Nguyen, T. T., & Nguyen, S. N. 2016. A collection of amphibians and reptiles from Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. Nguyen, S. N., Jin, J. Q., Vo, B. D., Nguyen, L. T., Zhou, W. W., Che, J. I. N. G., ... & Zhang, Y. P. (2019). A new species of Acanthosaura Gray 1831 (Reptilia: Agamidae) from central Vietnam. Zootaxa, 4612(4), zootaxa-4612. Nguyen, V. S., Ho, T. C., & Nguyen, Q. T. (2009). Herpetofauna of Vietnam. Ed. Chimaira.

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Norberg, U.M., and Rayner, J.M.V. (1987). Ecological morphology and flight in bats (Mammalia; Chiroptera): Wing adaptations, flight Performance, foraging strategy and echolocation. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 316, 335–427. Poyarkov Jr, N. A., Vassilieva, A. B., Orlov, N. L., Galoyan, E. A., Dao, T. T. A., Le, D. T. T., ... & Geissler, P. (2014). Taxonomy and distribution of narrow-mouth frogs of the genus Microhyla Tschudi, 1838 (Anura: Microhylidae) from Vietnam with descriptions of five new species. Russian Journal of Herpetology, 21(2). Robson, C. (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of South-East Asia: New Holland Publishers. Scottish Natural Heritage. (2014). Guidance recommended bird survey methods to inform impact assessment of onshore wind farms.

Sein, C. C., & Mitlöhner, R. (2011). Acacia hybrid: Ecology and silviculture in Vietnam. CIFOR. Smith, M. A. (1943). The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, including the whole of the Indo- Chinese sub-region. Reptilia and Amphibia. Vol. III. Serpentes, 1-583. Son, N.T., and Csorba, G. (2007). Preliminary result on bat survey in Bac Huong Hoa PA and Dakrong NR, Quang Tri Province. In The 2nd National Scientific Conference on Ecology and Biological Resources, (Hanoi: Agricultural Publishing House), pp. 532–536. Taylor, E. H. (1963). The lizards of Thailand. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 44, 687-1077. Timmins, R. & Duckworth, J.W. 2016. Muntiacus rooseveltorum. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016:e.T13928A22160435. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016- 1.RLTS.T13928A22160435.en.

Tordoff A. (editor). 2002. Directory of important bird areas in Vietnam – key sites for conservation. Birdlife International Indochina Programme and Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Ha Noi. 233 pp. Tordoff, A., R. Timmins, R. Smith, & Vinh, M. K. (2003). A Biological Assessment of the Central Truong Son Landscape. Central Truong Son Initiative. Report No. 1. WWF Indochina, Hanoi, Vietnam. Tordoff, A.W., Bao, T.Q., Tu, N.D., and Hung, L.M. (2004). Sourcebook of existing and proposed protected areas in Vietnam. Second edition (Ha Noi: BirdLife International in Indochina and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development).

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LIST OF BIRDS RECORDED IN BAC HUONG HOA AND DAKRONG NATURE RESERVES OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE

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Nomenclature and taxonomy system followed Birdlife International 2020

No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

1 Bar-backed Partridge Arborophila brunneopectus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

2 Green-legged Partridge Arborophila chloropus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

3 Crested Argus Rheinardia ocellata Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse NT VU

4 Grey Peacock-pheasant Polyplectron bicalcaratum Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

5 Chinese Francolin Francolinus pintadeanus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

6 Red Junglefowl Gallus gallus Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

7 Silver Pheasant Lophura nycthemera Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC

8 Edwards's Pheasant Lophura edwardsi Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse CR EN

9 Siamese Fireback Lophura diardi Phasianidae Pheasants, Partridges, Turkeys, Grouse LC VU

10 Lesser Whistling-duck Dendrocygna javanica Anatidae Ducks, Geese, Swans LC

11 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis Podicipedidae Grebes LC

12 Oriental Turtle-dove Streptopelia orientalis Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

13 Red Turtle-dove Streptopelia tranquebarica Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

14 Eastern Spotted Dove Spilopelia chinensis Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

15 Barred Cuckoo-dove Macropygia unchall Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

16 Rock Pigeon Columba livia Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

17 Grey-capped Emerald Dove Chalcophaps indica Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

18 Orange-breasted Green-pigeon Treron bicinctus Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

19 Thick-billed Green-pigeon Treron curvirostra Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

20 Pin-tailed Green-pigeon Treron apicauda Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

21 Yellow-vented Green-pigeon Treron seimundi Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

22 Wedge-tailed Green-pigeon Treron sphenurus Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

23 Mountain Imperial-pigeon Ducula badia Columbidae Pigeons, Doves LC

24 Hodgson's Frogmouth Batrachostomus hodgsoni Podargidae Frogmouths LC

25 Grey Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka Caprimulgidae Nightjars LC

26 Large-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus macrurus Caprimulgidae Nightjars LC

27 Indian Nightjar Caprimulgus asiaticus Caprimulgidae Nightjars LC

28 White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus Apodidae Swifts LC

29 Silver-backed Needletail Hirundapus cochinchinensis Apodidae Swifts LC

30 Himalayan Swiftlet Aerodramus brevirostris Apodidae Swifts LC

31 Edible-nest Swiftlet Aerodramus fuciphagus Apodidae Swifts LC

32 Asian Palm-swift Cypsiurus balasiensis Apodidae Swifts LC

33 Pacific Swift Apus pacificus Apodidae Swifts LC

34 House Swift Apus nipalensis Apodidae Swifts LC

35 Coral-billed Ground-cuckoo Carpococcyx renauldi Cuculidae Cuckoos LC VU

36 Greater Coucal Centropus sinensis Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

37 Lesser Coucal Centropus bengalensis Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

38 Green-billed Malkoha Phaenicophaeus tristis Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

39 Western Koel Eudynamys scolopaceus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

40 Asian Emerald Cuckoo Chrysococcyx maculatus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

41 Violet Cuckoo Chrysococcyx Cuculidae Cuckoos LC xanthorhynchus

42 Banded Bay Cuckoo Cacomantis sonneratii Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

43 Plaintive Cuckoo Cacomantis merulinus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

44 Fork-tailed Drongo-cuckoo Surniculus dicruroides Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

45 Large Hawk-cuckoo Hierococcyx sparverioides Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

46 Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

47 Common Cuckoo Cuculus canorus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

48 Oriental Cuckoo Cuculus saturatus Cuculidae Cuckoos LC

49 Red-legged Crake Rallina fasciata Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

50 Slaty-legged Crake Rallina eurizonoides Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

51 White-browed Crake Amaurornis cinerea Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

52 Slaty-breasted Rail Lewinia striata Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

53 Ruddy-breasted Crake Zapornia fusca Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

54 White-breasted Waterhen Amaurornis phoenicurus Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

55 Watercock Gallicrex cinerea Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

56 Purple Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

57 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

58 Common Coot Fulica atra Rallidae Rails, Gallinules, Coots LC

59 Asian Openbill Anastomus oscitans Ciconiidae Storks LC

60 Eurasian Bittern Botaurus stellaris Ardeidae Herons LC

61 Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis Ardeidae Herons LC

62 Cinnamon Bittern Ixobrychus cinnamomeus Ardeidae Herons LC

63 Black Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis Ardeidae Herons LC

64 Malay Night-heron Gorsachius melanolophus Ardeidae Herons LC

65 Black-crowned Night-heron Nycticorax nycticorax Ardeidae Herons LC

66 Green-backed Heron Butorides striata Ardeidae Herons LC

67 Chinese Pond-heron Ardeola bacchus Ardeidae Herons LC

68 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Ardeidae Herons LC

69 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea Ardeidae Herons LC

70 Purple Heron Ardea purpurea Ardeidae Herons LC

71 Great White Egret Ardea alba Ardeidae Herons LC

72 Intermediate Egret Ardea intermedia Ardeidae Herons LC

73 Little Egret Egretta garzetta Ardeidae Herons LC

74 Pacific Reef-egret Egretta sacra Ardeidae Herons LC

75 Little Cormorant Microcarbo niger Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants LC

76 Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Phalacrocoracidae Cormorants LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

77 Oriental Darter Anhinga melanogaster Anhingidae Darters NT VU

78 Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus Recurvirostridae Avocets, Stilts LC

79 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius Charadriidae Plovers LC

80 River Lapwing Vanellus duvaucelii Charadriidae Plovers NT VU

81 Grey-headed Lapwing Vanellus cinereus Charadriidae Plovers LC

82 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus Charadriidae Plovers LC

83 Greater Painted-snipe Rostratula benghalensis Rostratulidae Painted-snipes LC

84 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus Jacanidae Jacanas LC

85 Bronze-winged Jacana Metopidius indicus Jacanidae Jacanas LC

86 Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

87 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

88 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

89 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

90 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

91 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

92 Common Redshank Tringa totanus Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

93 Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

94 Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis Scolopacidae Sandpipers, Snipes, Phalaropes LC

95 Yellow-legged Buttonquail Turnix tanki Turnicidae Buttonquails LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

96 Barred Buttonquail Turnix suscitator Turnicidae Buttonquails LC

97 Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum Glareolidae Coursers, Pratincoles LC

98 Oriental Bay-owl Phodilus badius Tytonidae Barn-owls LC

99 Common Barn-owl Tyto alba Tytonidae Barn-owls LC

100 Brown Boobook Ninox scutulata Strigidae Typical Owls LC

101 Collared Owlet Glaucidium brodiei Strigidae Typical Owls LC

102 Asian Barred Owlet Glaucidium cuculoides Strigidae Typical Owls LC

103 Collared Scops-owl Otus lettia Strigidae Typical Owls LC

104 Mountain Scops-owl Otus spilocephalus Strigidae Typical Owls LC

105 Oriental Scops-owl Otus sunia Strigidae Typical Owls LC

106 Brown Wood-owl Strix leptogrammica Strigidae Typical Owls LC

107 Spot-bellied Eagle-owl Bubo nipalensis Strigidae Typical Owls LC

108 Brown Fish-owl Ketupa zeylonensis Strigidae Typical Owls LC

109 Osprey Pandion haliaetus Pandionidae Osprey LC

110 Black-winged Kite Elanus caeruleus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

111 Oriental Honey-buzzard Pernis ptilorhynchus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

112 Jerdon's Baza Aviceda jerdoni Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

113 Black Baza Aviceda leuphotes Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

114 Crested Serpent-eagle Spilornis cheela Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

115 Mountain Hawk-eagle Nisaetus nipalensis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

116 Changeable Hawk-eagle Nisaetus cirrhatus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

117 Rufous-bellied Eagle Lophotriorchis kienerii Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

118 Black Eagle Ictinaetus malaiensis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

119 Crested Goshawk Accipiter trivirgatus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

120 Shikra Accipiter badius Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

121 Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

122 Besra Accipiter virgatus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

123 White-bellied Sea-eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

124 Lesser Fish-eagle Icthyophaga humilis Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles NT VU

125 Black Kite Milvus migrans Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

126 Grey-faced Buzzard Butastur indicus Accipitridae Hawks, Eagles LC

127 Red-headed Trogon Harpactes erythrocephalus Trogonidae Trogons LC

128 Great Hornbill Buceros bicornis Bucerotidae Hornbills VU VU

129 Austen's Brown Hornbill Anorrhinus austeni Bucerotidae Hornbills NT VU

130 Oriental Pied Hornbill Anthracoceros albirostris Bucerotidae Hornbills LC

131 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops Upupidae Hoopoes LC

132 Blue-bearded Bee-eater Nyctyornis athertoni Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

133 Asian Green Bee-eater Merops orientalis Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

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No. English name Scientific name Family Group IUCN 2020 VNRD

134 Chestnut-headed Bee-eater Merops leschenaulti Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

135 Blue-tailed Bee-eater Merops philippinus Meropidae Bee-eaters LC

136 Indochinese Roller Coracias affinis Coraciidae Rollers LC

137 Oriental Dollarbird Eurystomus orientalis Coraciidae Rollers LC

138 Oriental Dwarf-kingfisher Ceyx erithaca Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

139 Blue-eared Kingfisher Alcedo meninting Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

140 Blyth's Kingfisher Alcedo hercules Alcedinidae Kingfishers NT LR

141 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

142 White-breasted Kingfisher Halcyon smyrnensis Alcedinidae Kingfishers LC

143 Coppersmith Barbet Psilopogon haemacephalus Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

144 Red-vented Barbet Psilopogon lagrandieri Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

145 Lineated Barbet Psilopogon lineatus Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

146 Golden-throated Barbet Psilopogon franklinii Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

147 Moustached Barbet Psilopogon incognitus Megalaimidae Asian Barbets LC

148 Eurasian Wryneck Jynx torquilla Picidae Woodpeckers LC

149 White-browed Piculet Sasia ochracea Picidae Woodpeckers LC

150 Speckled Piculet Picumnus innominatus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

151 Bay Woodpecker Blythipicus pyrrhotis Picidae Woodpeckers LC

152 Greater Flameback Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

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153 Rufous Woodpecker Micropternus brachyurus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

154 Greater Yellownape Chrysophlegma flavinucha Picidae Woodpeckers LC

155 Lesser Yellownape Picus chlorolophus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

156 Red-collared Woodpecker Picus rabieri Picidae Woodpeckers NT LR

157 Laced Woodpecker Picus vittatus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

158 Grey-capped Woodpecker Picoides canicapillus Picidae Woodpeckers LC

159 Freckle-breasted Woodpecker Dendrocopos analis Picidae Woodpeckers LC

160 Pied Falconet Microhierax melanoleucos Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

161 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

162 Amur Falcon Falco amurensis Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

163 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Falconidae Falcons, Caracaras LC

164 Vernal Hanging-parrot Loriculus vernalis Psittacidae Parrots LC

165 Grey-headed Parakeet Psittacula finschii Psittacidae Parrots NT LR

166 Blossom-headed Parakeet Psittacula roseata Psittacidae Parrots NT LR

167 Red-breasted Parakeet Psittacula alexandri Psittacidae Parrots NT LR

168 Rusty-naped Pitta Hydrornis oatesi Pittidae Pittas LC

169 Blue-rumped Pitta Hydrornis soror Pittidae Pittas LC

170 Blue Pitta Hydrornis cyaneus Pittidae Pittas LC

171 Bar-bellied Pitta Hydrornis elliotii Pittidae Pittas LC

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172 Blue-winged Pitta Pitta moluccensis Pittidae Pittas LC

173 Long-tailed Broadbill Psarisomus dalhousiae Eurylaimidae Broadbills LC

174 Silver-breasted Broadbill Serilophus lunatus Eurylaimidae Broadbills LC

175 Maroon Oriole Oriolus traillii Oriolidae Orioles and figbirds LC

176 Black-hooded Oriole Oriolus xanthornus Oriolidae Orioles and figbirds LC

177 Black-naped Oriole Oriolus chinensis Oriolidae Orioles and figbirds LC

178 White-browed Shrike-babbler Pteruthius aeralatus Vireonidae Vireos LC

179 Chestnut-fronted Shrike-babbler Pteruthius aenobarbus Vireonidae Vireos LC

180 White-bellied Erpornis Erpornis zantholeuca Vireonidae Vireos LC

181 Grey-chinned Minivet Pericrocotus solaris Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

182 Short-billed Minivet Pericrocotus brevirostris Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

183 Long-tailed Minivet Pericrocotus ethologus Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

184 Scarlet Minivet Pericrocotus flammeus Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

185 Ashy Minivet Pericrocotus divaricatus Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

186 Brown-rumped Minivet Pericrocotus cantonensis Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

187 Black-winged Cuckooshrike Lalage melaschistos Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

188 Indochinese Cuckooshrike Lalage polioptera Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

189 Large Cuckooshrike Coracina javensis Campephagidae Cuckoo-shrikes LC

190 Ashy Woodswallow Artamus fuscus Artamidae Woodswallows LC

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191 Bar-winged Flycatcher-shrike Hemipus picatus Vangidae Vangas LC

192 Large Woodshrike Tephrodornis virgatus Vangidae Vangas LC

193 Common Woodshrike Tephrodornis pondicerianus Vangidae Vangas LC

194 Common Iora Aegithina tiphia Aegithinidae Ioras LC

195 Great Iora Aegithina lafresnayei Aegithinidae Ioras LC

196 White-throated Fantail Rhipidura albicollis Rhipiduridae Fantails LC

197 Black Drongo Dicrurus macrocercus Dicruridae Drongos LC

198 Ashy Drongo Dicrurus leucophaeus Dicruridae Drongos LC

199 Bronzed Drongo Dicrurus aeneus Dicruridae Drongos LC

200 Lesser Racquet-tailed Drongo Dicrurus remifer Dicruridae Drongos LC

201 Hair-crested Drongo Dicrurus hottentottus Dicruridae Drongos LC

202 Greater Racquet-tailed Drongo Dicrurus paradiseus Dicruridae Drongos LC

203 Black-naped Monarch Hypothymis azurea Monarchidae Monarchs LC

204 Oriental Paradise-flycatcher Terpsiphone affinis Monarchidae Monarchs LC

205 Tiger Shrike Lanius tigrinus Laniidae Shrikes LC

206 Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus Laniidae Shrikes LC

207 Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach Laniidae Shrikes LC

208 Ratchet-tailed Treepie Temnurus temnurus Corvidae Crows and jays LC

209 Racquet-tailed Treepie Crypsirina temia Corvidae Crows and jays LC

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210 Grey Treepie Dendrocitta formosae Corvidae Crows and jays LC

211 Red-billed Blue Magpie Urocissa erythroryncha Corvidae Crows and jays LC

212 White-winged Magpie Urocissa xanthomelana Corvidae Crows and jays NT LR

213 Common Green Magpie Cissa chinensis Corvidae Crows and jays LC

214 Indochinese Green Magpie Cissa hypoleuca Corvidae Crows and jays LC

215 Large-billed Crow Corvus macrorhynchos Corvidae Crows and jays LC

216 Grey-headed Canary-flycatcher Culicicapa ceylonensis Stenostiridae Fairy Flycatcher LC

217 Sultan Tit Melanochlora sultanea Paridae Tits and chickadees LC

218 Great Tit Parus major Paridae Tits and chickadees LC

219 Yellow-cheeked Tit Machlolophus spilonotus Paridae Tits and chickadees LC

220 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

221 Golden-headed Cisticola Cisticola exilis Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

222 Hill Prinia Prinia superciliaris Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

223 Rufescent Prinia Prinia rufescens Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

224 Grey-breasted Prinia Prinia hodgsonii Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

225 Yellow-bellied Prinia Prinia flaviventris Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

226 Plain Prinia Prinia inornata Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

227 Common Tailorbird Orthotomus sutorius Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

228 Dark-necked Tailorbird Orthotomus atrogularis Cisticolidae Cisticolas LC

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229 Thick-billed Warbler Arundinax aedon Acrocephalidae Reed-warblers LC

230 Black-browed Reed-warbler Acrocephalus bistrigiceps Acrocephalidae Reed-warblers LC

231 Oriental Reed-warbler Acrocephalus orientalis Acrocephalidae Reed-warblers LC

232 Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata Locustellidae Grasshopper-warblers and grassbirds LC

233 Asian House Martin Delichon dasypus Hirundinidae Swallows and martins LC

234 Red-rumped Swallow Cecropis daurica Hirundinidae Swallows and martins LC

235 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica Hirundinidae Swallows and martins LC

236 Puff-throated Bulbul Alophoixus pallidus Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

237 Mountain Bulbul Ixos mcclellandii Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

238 Black Bulbul Hypsipetes leucocephalus Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

239 Black-crested Bulbul Pycnonotus flaviventris Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

240 Red-whiskered Bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

241 Light-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus sinensis Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

242 Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

243 Sooty-headed Bulbul Pycnonotus aurigaster Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

244 Stripe-throated Bulbul Pycnonotus finlaysoni Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

245 Streak-eared Bulbul Pycnonotus blanfordi Pycnonotidae Bulbuls LC

246 Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

247 Yellow-streaked Warbler Phylloscopus armandii Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

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248 Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

249 Grey-cheeked Warbler Phylloscopus poliogenys Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

250 Grey-crowned Warbler Phylloscopus tephrocephalus Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

251 Bianchi's Warbler Phylloscopus valentini Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

252 Eastern Crowned Warbler Phylloscopus coronatus Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

253 Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

254 Pale-legged Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus tenellipes Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

255 Limestone Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus calciatilis Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

256 White-tailed Leaf-warbler Phylloscopus intensior Phylloscopidae Leaf-warblers LC

257 Pale-footed Bush-warbler Hemitesia pallidipes Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

258 Asian Stubtail Urosphena squameiceps Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

259 Yellow-bellied Warbler Abroscopus superciliaris Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

260 Brownish-flanked Bush-warbler Horornis fortipes Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

261 Aberrant Bush-warbler Horornis flavolivaceus Scotocercidae Bush-warblers LC

262 Grey-crowned Tit Aegithalos annamensis Aegithalidae Long-tailed Tits LC

263 Yellow-eyed Babbler Chrysomma sinense Sylviidae Old World warblers LC

264 Grey-headed Parrotbill Psittiparus gularis Sylviidae Old World warblers LC

265 Indochinese Yuhina Yuhina torqueola Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

266 Black-chinned Yuhina Yuhina nigrimenta Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

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267 Japanese White-eye Zosterops japonicus Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

268 Oriental White-eye Zosterops palpebrosus Zosteropidae White-eyes LC

269 Red-billed Scimitar-babbler Pomatorhinus ochraceiceps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

270 White-browed Scimitar-babbler Pomatorhinus schisticeps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

271 Streak-breasted Scimitar-babbler Pomatorhinus ruficollis Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

272 Large Scimitar-babbler Erythrogenys hypoleucos Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

273 Grey-throated Babbler Stachyris nigriceps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

274 Sooty Babbler Stachyris herberti Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC VU

275 Spot-necked Babbler Stachyris strialata Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

276 Chestnut-capped Babbler Timalia pileata Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

277 Pin-striped Tit-babbler Mixornis gularis Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

278 Golden Babbler Cyanoderma chrysaeum Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

279 Rufous-capped Babbler Cyanoderma ruficeps Timaliidae Babblers and parrotbills LC

280 Collared Babbler Gampsorhynchus torquatus Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

281 Puff-throated Babbler Pellorneum ruficeps Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

282 Spot-throated Babbler Pellorneum albiventre Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

283 Buff-breasted Babbler Trichastoma tickelli Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

284 Abbott's Babbler Malacocincla abbotti Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

285 Streaked Wren-babbler Turdinus brevicaudatus Pellorneidae Ground babblers LC

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286 Indochinese Wren-babbler Rimator danjoui Pellorneidae Ground babblers NT LR

287 Black-browed Fulvetta Alcippe grotei Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

288 Mountain Fulvetta Alcippe peracensis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

289 Chinese Hwamei Garrulax canorus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

290 Spot-breasted Laughingthrush Garrulax merulinus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

291 Lesser Necklaced Laughingthrush Garrulax monileger Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

292 White-crested Laughingthrush Garrulax leucolophus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

293 Rufous-cheeked Laughingthrush Garrulax castanotis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

294 Masked Laughingthrush Garrulax perspicillatus Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

295 Black-throated Laughingthrush Garrulax chinensis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

296 White-cheeked Laughingthrush Garrulax vassali Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

297 Greater Necklaced Garrulax pectoralis Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC Laughingthrush

298 Blue-winged Minla Siva cyanouroptera Leiotrichidae Laughingthrushes LC

299 Velvet-fronted Nuthatch Sitta frontalis Sittidae Nuthatches and Wallcreeper LC

300 Purple-backed Starling Agropsar sturninus Sturnidae Starlings LC

301 Black-collared Starling Gracupica nigricollis Sturnidae Starlings LC

302 White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis Sturnidae Starlings LC

303 Chestnut-tailed Starling Sturnia malabarica Sturnidae Starlings LC

304 Common Myna Acridotheres tristis Sturnidae Starlings LC

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305 Vinous-breasted Myna Acridotheres leucocephalus Sturnidae Starlings LC

306 Crested Myna Acridotheres cristatellus Sturnidae Starlings LC

307 Common Hill Myna Gracula religiosa Sturnidae Starlings LC

308 Golden-crested Myna Ampeliceps coronatus Sturnidae Starlings LC

309 Dark-sided Thrush Zoothera marginata Turdidae Thrushes LC

310 White's Thrush Zoothera aurea Turdidae Thrushes LC

311 Scaly Thrush Zoothera dauma Turdidae Thrushes LC

312 Green Cochoa Cochoa viridis Turdidae Thrushes LC

313 Siberian Thrush Geokichla sibirica Turdidae Thrushes LC

314 Orange-headed Thrush Geokichla citrina Turdidae Thrushes LC

315 Chinese Blackbird Turdus mandarinus Turdidae Thrushes LC

316 Japanese Thrush Turdus cardis Turdidae Thrushes LC

317 Grey-backed Thrush Turdus hortulorum Turdidae Thrushes LC

318 Black-breasted Thrush Turdus dissimilis Turdidae Thrushes LC

319 Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus Turdidae Thrushes LC

320 Oriental Magpie-robin Copsychus saularis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

321 White-rumped Shama Kittacincla malabarica Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

322 Dark-sided Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

323 Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

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324 Small Niltava Niltava macgrigoriae Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

325 Fujian Niltava Niltava davidi Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

326 Large Niltava Niltava grandis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

327 Blue-and-white Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

328 Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias thalassinus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

329 White-gorgeted Flycatcher Anthipes monileger Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

330 Rufous-browed Flycatcher Anthipes solitaris Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

331 Pale Blue-flycatcher Cyornis unicolor Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

332 Indochinese Blue-flycatcher Cyornis sumatrensis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

333 Hainan Blue-flycatcher Cyornis hainanus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

334 Blue-throated Blue-flycatcher Cyornis rubeculoides Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

335 Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora cyane Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

336 Orange-flanked Bush-robin Tarsiger cyanurus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

337 Slaty-backed Forktail Enicurus schistaceus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

338 Green-backed Flycatcher Ficedula elisae Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

339 Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

340 Rufous-gorgeted Flycatcher Ficedula strophiata Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

341 Little Pied Flycatcher Ficedula westermanni Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

342 Red-throated Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

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343 Blue-fronted Redstart Phoenicurus frontalis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

344 Plumbeous Water-redstart Phoenicurus fuliginosus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

345 Daurian Redstart Phoenicurus auroreus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

346 White-throated Rock-thrush Monticola gularis Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

347 Blue Rock-thrush Monticola solitarius Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

348 Grey Bushchat Saxicola ferreus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

349 Pied Bushchat Saxicola caprata Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

350 Common Stonechat Saxicola torquatus Muscicapidae Chats and Old World flycatchers LC

351 Asian Fairy-bluebird Irena puella Irenidae Fairy-bluebirds LC

352 Golden-fronted Leafbird Chloropsis aurifrons Chloropseidae Leafbirds LC

353 Orange-bellied Leafbird Chloropsis hardwickii Chloropseidae Leafbirds LC

354 Blue-winged Leafbird Chloropsis moluccensis Chloropseidae Leafbirds LC

355 Yellow-vented Flowerpecker Dicaeum chrysorrheum Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

356 Thick-billed Flowerpecker Dicaeum agile Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

357 Plain Flowerpecker Dicaeum minullum Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

358 Scarlet-backed Flowerpecker Dicaeum cruentatum Dicaeidae Flowerpeckers LC

359 Little Spiderhunter Arachnothera longirostra Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

360 Purple-naped Spiderhunter Arachnothera hypogrammica Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

361 Streaked Spiderhunter Arachnothera magna Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

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362 Olive-backed Sunbird Cinnyris jugularis Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

363 Black-throated Sunbird Aethopyga saturata Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

364 Crimson Sunbird Aethopyga siparaja Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

365 Fork-tailed Sunbird Aethopyga latouchii Nectariniidae Sunbirds LC

366 Baya Weaver Ploceus philippinus Ploceidae Weavers LC

367 White-rumped Munia Lonchura striata Estrildidae Waxbills, grass finches, munias LC

368 Scaly-breasted Munia Lonchura punctulata Estrildidae Waxbills, grass finches, munias LC

369 Plain-backed Sparrow Passer flaveolus Passeridae Sparrows, snowfinches LC

370 Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus Passeridae Sparrows, snowfinches LC

371 Forest Wagtail Dendronanthus indicus Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

372 Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

373 Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

374 Paddyfield Pipit Anthus rufulus Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

375 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

376 Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla tschutschensis Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

377 White Wagtail Motacilla alba Motacillidae Wagtails and pipits LC

378 Oriental Greenfinch Chloris sinica Fringillidae Finches LC

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LIST OF BAT SPECIES THAT WERE RECORDED IN TWO PROTECTED AREAS (DAKRONG AND BAC HUONG HOA) OR HAVE DISTRIBUTION RANGE INCLUDING QUANG TRI PROVINCE.

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IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

1. Pteropodidae Gray, 1821 Fruit-eating bats Họ Dơi quả

1 Cynopterus brachyotis (Müller, 1838) Lesser Dog-faced Fruit Bat Dơi chó cánh ngắn LC Vu 2

2 Cynopterus sphinx (Vahl, 1797) Greater Shortnosed Fruit Bat Dơi chó cánh dài LC 2 1, 4

3 Eonycteris spelaea (Dobson, 1871) Dawn Bat Dơi quả lưỡi dài LC 1, 4

4 Macroglossus sobrinus Andersen, 1911 Hill Long-tongued Fruit Bat Dơi ăn mật hoa lớn LC 1, 4

5 Rousettus amplexicaudatus (Geoffroy, 1810) Geoffroy's fruit bat Doi ngựa đuôi lớn LC 5, 6

6 Rousettus leschenaultii (Desmarest, 1820) Fulvous fruit bat Dơi ngựa nâu LC 5, 6

7 Sphaerias blanfordi (Thomas, 1891) Blandford's Fruit Bat Dơi quả núi cao LC 4

2. Rhinolophidae Gray, 1825 Horshoe bats Họ Dơi lá mũi

8 Rhinolophus affinis Horsfield, 1823 Intermediate Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá đuôi LC 1, 4 2, 3

9 R. luctus Temminck, 1834 Great Woolly Horsehoe Bat Dơi lá lớn LC 5, 6

10 R. siamensis Gyldenstolpe, 1917 Thai Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá Thái Lan LC 1, 2

11 R. malayanus Bonhote, 1903 Malayan Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá mũi phẳng 1, 2, 3

12 R. pearsonii Horsfield, 1851 Pearson's Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá péc-xôn LC 1, 2, 3

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IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

13 R. pusillus Temminck, 1834 Least Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá mũi nhỏ LC 1, 1, 4 2, 3

14 R. paradoxolophus (Bourret, 1951) Bourret's Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá quạt LC Vu

15 R. stheno Andersen, 1905 Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat Dơi lá nam á LC 2

16 R. thomasi Andersen, 1905 Rhinolophus thomasi Dơi lá tô-ma LC Vu 1, 4 2, 3

4. Hipposideridae Lydekker, 1891 Leaf-nosed bats Họ Dơi nếp mũi

17 Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Dobson, 1871) Stoliczka's Asian Trident Bat Dơi nếp mũi ba lá LC 1, 4 2, 3

18 Coelops frithii Blyth, 1848 Tail-less leafnosed bat Dơi thuỳ không đuôi LC 5, 6

19 Hipposideros armiger (Hodgson, 1835) Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi quạ LC 1, 4 2, 3

20 H. cineraceus Blyth, 1853 Ashy roundleaf bat Dơi nếp mũi lông đen LC 1, 2, 3

21 H. larvatus (Horsfield, 1823) Horsfield's Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi xám bé LC 1, 4 2, 3

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IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

22 H. pomona K. Andersen, 1918 Andersen's Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi xinh LC 1, 4 2, 3

23 H. scutinares Robinson et al., 2003 Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat Dơi nếp mũi Prat VU 1, 2, 3

4. Megadermatidae Allen, 1864 Họ Dơi ma

24 Megaderma lyra E. Geoffroy, 1810 Megaderma lyra Dơi ma bắc LC 1, 1, 4 2, 3

25 Megaderma spasma (Linnaeus, 1758) Lesser False Vampire Dơi ma nam LC 1, 2

5. Vespertilionidae Gray, 1821 Họ Dơi muỗi

26 Glischropus bucephalus Csorba, 2011 LC

27 Harpiocephalus harpia (Temminck, 1840) Hairy-winged Bat Dơi mũi ống cánh lông LC Vu 3

28 Ia io Thomas, 1902 Great Evening Bat Dơi io LC Vu 5, 6

29 Kerivoula hardwickii (Horsfield, 1824) Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat Dơi mũi nhẵn xám LC 1, 4 2

30 Kerivoula kachinensis Bates et al. 2004 Kachin woolly bat Dơi mũi nhẵn Kachin LC 5, 6

31 Kerivoula picta (Pallas, 1767) Painted bats Dơi mũi nhắn đốm vàng LC 5, 6

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IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

32 Kerivoula titania Bates et al. 2007 Titania's Woolly Bat Dơi mũi nhẵn Titan LC 1 5, 6

33 Murina beelzebub Son et al., 2011 Black Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông đen DD 1, 4

34 Murina cyclotis Dobson, 1872 Round-eared Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống tai tròn LC 1, 1, 4 2

35 Murina feae (Thomas, 1891) Ashy-gray Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống lông chân NE 1, 1, 4 2

36 Murina fionae Francis, Eger, 2012 Fiona's Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống sọ lồi NE 3

37 Murina huttoni (Peters, 1872) White-bellied Tube-nosed Bat Dơi mũi ống nhỡ LC 4

38 Myotis annectans (Dobson, 1871) Hairy-faced Bat Dơi tai lông mặt LC 5, 6

39 M. annamiticus Kruskop, Tsytsulina, 2001 Annamit Myotis Dơi tai việt nam DD 3

40 Myotis horsfieldii (Temminck, 1840) Horsfield's Myotis Dơi tai đốm vàng LC 1, 2

41 M. muricola (Gray, 1846) Nepalese Whiskered Myotis Dơi tai bắc việt LC 1, 4 2

42 M. siligorensis (Horsfield, 1855) Himalayan whiskered bat Dơi tai sọ cao LC R 5, 6

43 Hypsugo cadornae (Thomas, 1916) Cadorna's pipistrelle Dơi muỗi Cadorna LC 5, 6

44 Pipistrellus abramus (Temminck, 1838) Japanese Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi Nhật Bản LC 5, 6

45 Pipistrellus coromandra (Gray, 1838) Coromandel Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi nâu LC 2

46 Pipistrellus javanicus (Gray, 1838) Javan Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi Java LC 5, 6

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No Scientific name English Name Vietnamese Name Conservation Distribution status

IUCN VNRDB DK BHH QT*

47 Pipistrellus paterculus Thomas, 1915 Mount Popa pipistrelle Dơi muỗi sọ nhỏ LC 1, 4

48 Pipistrellus tenuis (Temminck, 1840) Least Pipistrelle Dơi muỗi mắt LC 5, 6

49 Scotomanes ornatus (Blyth, 1851) Harlequin bat Dơi đốm hoa LC 5, 6

50 Scotophilus heathii Horsfield, 1831 GreaterAsiatic yellow bat Dơi nghệ LC 5, 6

51 Scotophilus kuhlii Leach, 1821 LesserAsiatic yellow bat Dơi nâu LC 5, 6

52 Tylonycteris fulvida (Blyth, 1859) Lesser Bamboo Bat Dơi chân đệm thịt bé NE 1, 4

53 Tylonycteris malayana Chasen, 1940 Malayan greater bamboo bats Dơi chân đệm thịt lớn NE 5, 6

6. Miniopteridae Dobson, 1875 Họ Dơi cánh gập

54 Miniopterus magnater Sanborn, 1931 Large Bent-winged Bat Dơi cánh dài lớn LC 1, 2, 3

7. Emballonuridae Sheath-tailed bats Họ dơi bao

55 Taphozous melanopogon Temminck, 1841 Black-bearded tomb bat Dơi bao đuôi nâu đen LC 5, 6

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LIST OF MAMMALS IN QUANG TRI DISTRICT AND VICINITY AREAS IN LAOS

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

1 Pallas's Squirrel Callosciurus erythraeus 1,2,3

2 Crab-eating Mongoose Herpestes urva 1,2

3 Stump-tailed Macaque Macaca arctoides 1,2,3 4

4 Northern Pig-tailed Macaque Macaca leonina 1,2,3 4 4

5 Rhesus Monkey Macaca mulatta 1,2,3

6 Yellow-throated Marten Martes flavigula 1,2,3

7 Ferret Badget Melogale moschata 1,2

8 Masked Palm Civet Paguma larvata 1,2,3

9 Common Palm Civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus 1,2,3

10 Leopard Cat Prionailurus bengalensis 1,2,3

11 Spotted Linsang Prionodon pardicolor 1,2,3

12 Eurasian Wild Pig Sus scrofa 1,2,3

13 Northern Treeshrew Tupaia belangeri 1,2,3

14 Large Indian Civet Viverra zibetha 1,2,3

15 Northern Slow Loris Nycticebus bengalensis 2,3 4

16 Pygmy Slow Loris Nycticebus pygmaeus 2,3 4

17 Red-shanked Douc Langur Pygathrix nemaeus 2,3 4 4

18 Hatinh Langur Trachypithecus hatinhensis 2,3

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

19 Francois's Langur Trachypithecus francoisi 4

20 Gibbon Nomascus sp. 2,3 4 4

21 Dhole Cuon alpinus 2,3 4

22 Asiatic Black Bear Ursus thibetanus 2,3

23 Sun Bear Helarctos malayanus 2,3

24 Yellow-bellied Weasel Mustela kathiah

25 Hog Badger Arctonyx collaris 2,3

26 Asian Small-clawed Otter Aonyx cinerea 2,3

27 Eurasian Otter Lutra lutra 2,3

28 Otter 4 4

29 Large-spotted Civet Viverra megaspila 4

30 Small Indian Civet Viverricula indica 2,3

31 Small-toothed Palm Civet Arctogalidia trivirgata 2

32 Binturong Arctictis binturong 2,3

33 Owston's Civet Chrotogale owstoni 2

34 Javan Mongoose Herpestes javanicus 2

35 Asiatic Golden Cat Catopuma temminckii 2,3

36 Marbled Cat Pardofelis marmorata 2

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

37 Clouded Leopard Neofelis nebulosa 2,3

38 Leopard Panthera pardus 2,3

39 Tiger Panthera tigris 2 4

40 Asian Elephant Elephas maximus 4 4

41 Chevrotain Tragulus sp. 1,2,3

42 Sambar Rusa unicolor 2,3 4 4

43 Northern Red Muntjac Muntiacus vaginalis 1,2,3

44 Large-antlered Muntjac Muntiacus vuquangensis 1,2,3 4 4

45 Annamite Muntjac Muntiacus truongsonensis 1,2

46 Gaur Bos gaurus 2,3 4 4

47 Chinese Serow Capricornis milneedwardsii 2,3 4

48 Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis 2,3

49 Sunda Pangolin Manis javanica 2,3

50 Chinese Pangolin Manis pentadactyla 2

51 Black Giant Squirrel Ratufa bicolor 2,3 4

52 Inornate Squirrel Callosciurus inornatus 2

53 Red-cheeked Squirrel Dremomys rufigenis 2,3

54 Maritime Striped Squirrel Tamiops maritimus 2

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No. English Names Scientific Names AREA

Quang Tri Phou Xang He NBCA Dong Phou Vieng NBCA

55 Berdmore’s Squirrel Menetes berdmorei 2

56 Cambodian Striped Squirrel Tamiops rodolphii 2,3

57 Indian Giant Flying Squirrel Petaurista philippensis 2,3

58 Bamboo Rat Rhizomys sp. 2,3

59 Malayan Porcupine Hystrix brachyura 2,3

60 Asiatic Brush-tailed Porcupine Atherurus macrourus 2,3

61 Burmese Hare Lepus peguensis 2,3

62 Annmite Striped Rabbit Nesolagus timminsi 2,3

63 Long-tailed Giant Rat Leopoldamys sabanus 2

64 Greater Bandicoot Rat Bandicota indica 2

65 Berdmore’s Berylmys Berylmys berdmorei 2

66 Bower's White-toothed Rat Berylmys bowersi 2

67 Indomalayan Maxomys Maxomys surifer 2

68 Gairdner's Shrewmouse Mus pahari 2

69 Chestnut White-bellied Rat Niviventer fulvescens 2

70 Lang Bian White-bellied Rat Niviventer langbianis 2

71 Indochinese Mountain Niviventer Niviventer tenaster 2

72 Himalayan Field Rat Rattus nitidus 2

Sources:

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1 - Nguyễn Tuấn Anh, Lê Đức Minh, Nguyễn Văn Thành, Nguyễn Ngọc Tuấn, Robert Timmins. 2017. Sử dụng bẫy ảnh để điều tra đa dạng sinh học tại Khu Bảo tồn thiên nhiên Bắc Hướng Hóa, tỉnh Quảng Trị. Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Các Khoa học Trái đất và Môi trường, Tập 33, Số 1S (2017) 92-99. 2 - Khong Trung. 2014. Research on biodiversity and values of forest ecology service at Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve Quang Tri province. Ph.D thesis. Hanoi. 3 - Mahood, S. P. and Tran Van Hung (2008) The Biodiversity of Bac Huong Hoa Nature Reserve,Quang Tri Province, Vietnam. BirdLife International Vietnam Programme, Hanoi, Vietnam. 4 - Duckworth, J. W., Salter, R. E. And Khounboline, K. (compilers) 1999. Wildlife in Lao PDR: 1999 Status Report. Vientiane: IUCN-The World Conservation Union / Wild life Conservation Society / Centre for Protected Areas and Watershed Management.

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LIST OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE FROM LITERATURES REVIEW

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

Anura

Bufonidae

1 Ingerophrynus galeatus Bony-headed Toad LC VU B1+2a,b,c,d

2 Duttaphrynus melanostictus Asian Common Toad LC

Dicroglossidae

3 Fejervarya limnocharis Rice Field Frog LC

4 Hoplobatrachus rugulosus Chinese Edible Frog LC

5 Limnonectes bannaensis Banna Large-Headed Frog

6 Limnonectes poilani Poilane's Frog LC

7 Limnonectes limborgi Limborg's Forest Frog LC

8 Quasipaa verrucospinosa Verrucosa Spiny Frog NT

9 Occidozyga lima Puddle Frog LC

10 Occidozyga martensii Marten’s Frog LC

Hylidae

11 Hyla simplex Annam Treefrog LC

Megophryidae

12 Leptobrachella aereus

13 Megophrys major Major Horned Toad LC

14 Megophrys microstoma Asian Mountain Toad LC

15 Ophryophryne pachyproctus Huang's Spadefoot Toad LC

16 Ophryophryne poilani Narrow-mouthed Horned Toad

Microhylidae

17 Kaloula pulchra Banded Bullfrog LC

18 Microhyla annamensis Vietnam Rice Frog VU

19 Microhyla fissipes Ornamented Pygmy Frog LC

20 Microhyla heymonsi Heymon's Ricefrog LC

21 Microhyla marmorata Marble Pigmy Frog LC

Ranidae

22 Hylarana attigua Similar Frog LC

23 Odorrana chloronota Green Cascade Frog LC

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

24 Rana johnsi Johns' Frog LC

25 Sylvirana guentheri Gunther's Amoy Frog LC

26 Sylvirana maosonensis Mao-Son Frog LC

27 Sylvirana nigrovittata Black-Striped Frog LC

Rhacophoridae

28 Kurixalus banaensis Bana Bubble-Nest Frog DD

29 Polypedates mutus Burmese Whipping Frog LC

30 Raorchestes parvulus Cricket Frog LC

31 Rhacophorus annamensis Annam Flying Frog LC

32 Rhacophorus exechopygus Spinybottom Tree Frog LC

33 Rhacophorus orlovi Orlov's Treefrog LC

34 Rhacophorus rhodopus Red-Webbed Treefrog LC

35 Theloderma asperum Hill Garden Bug-Eyed Frog LC

36 Theloderma truongsonense DD

REPTILIA

Testudines

Testudinidae

1 Manouria impressa Asian Forest Tortoise VU VU A1c,d + 2d

Geoemydidae

2 Cuora cyclornata Chinese Three-striped Box Turtle

3 Cuora galbinifrons Vietnamese Box Turtle CR EN A1d + 2d

4 Cuora bourreti Bourret's Box Turtle CR

5 Cuora mouhotii Keeled Box Turtle EN

6 Cyclemys oldhami Southeast Asian Leaf Turtle

7 Mauremys mutica Asian Brown Pond Turtle EN

8 Sacalia quadriocellata Four-eyed Turtle EN

Platysternidae

9 Platysternon megacephalum The Big-headed Turtle EN EN A1d + 2d

Trionychidae

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

10 Amyda cartilaginea Asiatic Softshell Turtle VU VU A1c,d + 2c,d

11 Palea steindachneri Steindachner's Soft-shelled EN VU A1c,d + Turtle 2c,d

Squamata

Agamidae

12 Physignathus cocincinus Chinese Water Dragon VU VU A1c,d

13 Acanthosaura capra Mountain Horned Dragon NT

14 Acanthosaura lepidogaster Brown Pricklenape LC

15 Acanthosaura nataliae Natalia's Agama LC

16 Calotes emma Emma Gray's Forest Lizard

17 Calotes mystaceus Indochinese Forest Lizard

18 Calotes versicolor Oriental Garden Lizard

19 Leiolepis belliana Common Butterfly Lizard LC

20 Leiolepis reevesii Reeves' Butterfly Lizard VU A1d

Gekkonidae

21 Cyrtodactylus pseudoquadrivirgatus LC

22 Gekko gecko Tokay Gecko LC VU A1c,d

23 Hemidactylus frenatus Common House Gecko LC

24 Hemidactylus karenorum Burmese Leaf Gecko LC

Lacertidae

25 Takydromus sexlineatus Asian Grass Lizard LC

Scincidae

26 Emoia atrocostata Littoral Whiptail-Skink

27 Emoia laobaoense Laobao Mangrove Skink DD

28 Eutropis longicaudata Long-tailed Sun Skink LC

29 Eutropis macularia Bronze Grass Skink

30 Eutropis multifasciata East Indian Brown Mabuya LC

31 Leptoseps poilani DD

32 Tropidophorus berdmorei Berdmore's Water Skink LC

33 Tropidophorus cocincinensis Cochinchinese Water Skink LC

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

Varanidae

34 Varanus nebulosus Clouded Monitor EN A1c,d

Cylindrophiidae

35 Cylindrophis ruffus Red-tailed Pipe Snake LC

Pythonidae

36 Python molurus Indian Python VU CR A1c,d

Xenopeltidae

37 Xenopeltis unicolor Sunbeam Snake LC

Colubridae

38 Ahaetulla prasina Asian Vine Snake LC

39 Chrysopelea ornata Golden Tree Snake

40 Dendrelaphis ngansonensis Nganson Bronzeback LC

41 Dendrelaphis pictus Painted Bronzeback

42 Calamaria pavimentata Collared Reed Snake LC

43 Boiga multomaculata Many-spotted Cat Snake

44 Coelognathus radiatus Radiated Ratsnake LC VU B1+2a,b,c

45 Cyclophiops multicinctus Many-banded Green Snake LC

46 Dryocalamus davisonii Common Bridle Snake LC

47 Elaphe moellendorffi Moellendorf's Rat Snake VU VU B1+2a,b,c

48 Lycodon rosozonatus Rose Big-tooth Snake DD

49 Lycodon rufozonatus Red-Banded Snake LC

50 Oligodon cinereus Golden Kukri Snake LC

51 Oligodon fasciolatus Small-banded Kukri Snake LC

52 Ptyas korros Chinese Ratsnake EN A1c,d

53 Sibynophis chinensis Chinese Mountain Snake LC

54 Sibynophis collaris Collared Black-headed Snake LC

Natricidae

55 Amphiesma stolatum Buff Striped Keelback

56 Hebius khasiense Khasi Keelback

57 Hebius leucomystax White-lipped Keelback LC

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AMPHIBIA Common Name IUCN Red VNRB (2007) list (2020)

58 Rhabdophis chrysargos Specklebelly Keelback LC

59 Rhabdophis subminiatus Red-Necked Keelback LC

60 Xenochrophis flavipunctatus Yellow-spotted Keelback LC

Elapidae

61 Bungarus candidus Malayan Krait LC

62 Bungarus fasciatus Banded Krait LC EN 1c,d

63 Naja atra Chinese Cobra VU

64 Naja kaouthia Monocled Cobra LC

65 Ophiophagus hannah King Cobra VU CR A1c,d

66 Sinomicrurus macclellandi Macclelland's Coral Snake

Homalopsidae

67 Homalopsis buccata Masked Water Snake LC

68 Hypsiscopus plumbea Boie's Mud Snake

Pareidae

69 Pareas carinatus Keeled Slug-eating Snake LC

70 Pareas hamptoni Hampton's Slug Snake LC

71 Pareas margaritophorus Mountain Slug Snake LC

Viperidae

72 Ovophis monticol Mountain Pitviper LC

73 Protobothrops mucrosquamatus Brown Spotted Pit Viper LC

74 Trimeresurus albolabris Green Tree Pit Viper LC

75 Trimeresurus vogeli Vogel's Pit Viper

Xenodernidae

76 Fimbrios klossi Bearded Snake LC

Typhlopidae

77 Indotyphlops braminus Brahminy Blindsnake

(Nguyen et al. 2016; Hoang et al. 2020)

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LIST OF TERRESTRIAL FLORA RECORDED AT PHONG HUY WINDFARM PROJECT

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No. Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/V Use by local people RDB

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh & Blumea balsamifera (L.) DC. Asteraceae Từ bi xanh, Đại bi, Băng Used as medicine 205001 N.H. Bao phiến TRF- T.N.K. Trinh & Vernicia montana Lour. Euphorbiacea Trẩu Seed for oil and bark 205004 N.H. Bao e for paper

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh & Liquidambar formosana Hance Altingiaceae Sâu trắng, Bạch giao, Leaves and resin used 205007 N.H. Bao Trao, Sau sau as medicine TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Sauropus sp. Euphorbiacea 205028 e TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Dioscorea sp. Dioscoreacea 205029 e TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Rubiaceae 205030 TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Fagaceae 205031 TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Chloranthace 205032 ae TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Euphorbiacea 205033 e

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Lonicera japonica Thunb. Caprifoliaceae Kim ngân 205034

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Ficus esquiroliana H. Lév. Moraceae Sung Esquirol 205035

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No. Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/V Use by local people RDB

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Polygala chinensis L. Polygalaceae Bất hoán, Kích nhũ Trung 205036 Quốc TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Hedyotis cf. lineata Roxb. Rubiaceae An điền 205037

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Rubus cochinchinensis Tratt. Rosaceae Dum ngấy, Ngấy trắng Leaves used as tea 205038 TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Lamiaceae 205040 TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Rubiaceae 205042

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Decaspermum gracilentum (Hance) Myrtaceae Thập tử mảnh 205043 Merr. & L.M. Perry

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Melastoma septemnervium Lour. Melastomace Muôi trắng, Muôi bảy Leaves used as 205044 ae gân medicine TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Melastoma eberhardtii Guillaumin Melastomace Muôi Eberhardt 205045 ae

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. Myrtaceae Hồng sim Used for dye and 205046 treating diarrhea

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Callicarpa rubella Lindl. Lamiaceae Tử châu đỏ 205047 TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Solanum rudepannum Dunal Solanaceae 205048

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No. Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/V Use by local people RDB

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Dichroa febrifuga Lour. Hydrangeacea Thường sơn 205049 e

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Pronephrium sp. Thelypteridac Ráng tiền thận 205050 eae

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Alsophila latebrosa Wall. ex Hook. Cyatheaceae Ráng Tiên tọa rộng 205051

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. Cibotiaceae Cẩu tích, Lông cu li Hairs can stop 205052 bleeding

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Eustigma balansae Oliv. Hamamelidac Chân thư Balansa 205053 eae

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Barringtonia scortechinii King Lecythidaceae Chiếc Scortechini 205054

TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese Pinaceae Thông 2 lá IUCN: Grown for its resin 205055 VU TRF- T.N.K. Trinh Ficus sp. 2 Moraceae 205057

Ageratum conyzoides L. Asteraceae Cỏ cứt heo Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Apocynaceae Hoa sữa, mò cua Bidens pilosa L. Asteraceae Xuyến chi, Song nha Blechnum orientale L. Blechnaceae

Christella parasitica (L.) H. Lév. Thelypteridac eae

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No. Collectors Scientific name Family Vietnamese name IUCN/V Use by local people RDB

Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & Asteraceae Cỏ lào, yên bạch H. Rob.

Crotalaria sp. Fabaceae Sục sạc Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H. Itô Thelypteridac eae

Dicranopteris linearis (Burm. f.) Gleicheniacea Ráng Tây sơn Underw. e

Elaeocarpus sp. Elaeocarpace Côm ae

Hopea odorata Roxb. Dipterocarpac Sao đen eae

Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic. Serm. Lycopodiacea Thông đất e

Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright Fabaceae Trinh nữ móc Odontosoria chinensis (L.) J. Sm. Lindsaeaceae Rán Ô phỉ Smilax sp. Smilacaceae

Streptocaulon griffithii Hook. f. Apocynaceae Hà thủ ô Thysanolaena latifolia (Roxb. ex Poaceae Đót Making broom Hornem.) Honda

Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Rutaceae Hoàng mộc nhiều gai Seeds used as black Hook. f. pepper

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TIME AND WEATHER INFORMATION DURING VP COUNT AT PHONG HUY

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VP No. Date Observers Start time Stop time Duration of Start cloud Start wind Start wind Start visibility watch (mins) strength (km/h) direction (km)

PHVP1 13-May NVT 06:20 08:47 147 Clear Low ENE Sunny

PHVP1 13-May NVT 08:47 10:40 113 Clear Low ENE Sunny

PHVP1 13-May NVT 14:00 18:00 240 Cover 20% Low N Sunny

PHVP1 14-May NVT 06:10 08:42 152 Cover 10% Low WNW Sunny

PHVP1 14-May NVT 08:42 11:15 153 Cover 90% Low WNW Cloudy

PHVP1 14-May NVT 14:00 17:17 197 Cover 10% Low NNW Sunny

PHVP1 14-May NVT 17:17 18:00 43 Clear Strong NNW Sunny

PHVP1 15-May NVT 06:00 08:28 148 Clear Low E Sunny

PHVP1 15-May NVT 08:28 11:30 182 Clear low E Sunny

PHVP1 15-May NVT 13:30 15:45 135 Cover 20% Low ENE Sunny

PHVP1 20-May NMT 15:45 17:35 110 Clear Strong W Weak

PHVP1 21-May NMT 05:55 11:35 340 Clear Low SSW Weak

PHVP1 21-May NVT 13:30 17:40 250 Cover 40% Low W Cloudy

PHVP2 13-May ĐQT 06:00 10:45 285 poor 2 ENE Foggy

PHVP2 13-May ĐQT 13:30 17:53 263 clear 2 N sunny

PHVP2 14-May ĐQT 06:17 10:30 253 clear 2 WNW sunny

PHVP2 14-May ĐQT 13:40 18:00 260 unclear 6 NNW cloudy

PHVP2 15-May ĐQT 05:50 10:30 280 clear 2 E sunny

PHVP2 15-May ĐQT 13:30 18:00 270 clear 2 ENE sunny

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VP No. Date Observers Start time Stop time Duration of Start cloud Start wind Start wind Start visibility watch (mins) strength (km/h) direction (km)

PNVP2 20-May ĐQT 15:20 18:00 160 clear 3 W cloudy

PHVP2 21-May ĐQT 05:38 11:52 374 6 SSW Cloudy

PHVP2 21-May NMTAM 15:05 17:25 140 clear 3 W sunny

Total (hours) 75

Observers: NVT = Nguyễn Văn Thắng, ĐQT = Đặng Quang Trọng, NMT = Nguyễn Minh Tâm

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VANTAGE POINT SURVEY DATA

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 06:30 1 1 pigeon

PHVP 13-May NVT Black-crested Bulbul 1 P 06:40 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Bar-backed 1 07:00 1 Partridge

PHVP 13-May NVT Rufous-cheeked 3 07:15 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 13-May NVT Moustached Barbet 1 07:20 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 07:21 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Red Junglefowl 1 W 07:31 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 07:44 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 3 F 07:45 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 07:58 2 2 1 pigeon

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Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 3 F 08:00 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 08:02 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Greater Coucal 1 08:17 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 08:23 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 08:25 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 08:26 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Ashy Drongo 1 F 08:26 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Fork-tailed Drongo- 1 08:30 1 cuckoo

PHVP 13-May NVT Asian House Martin 1 G,S 08:45 2 2 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 08:47 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 09:10 2 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Maroon Oriole 1 09:15 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 09:20 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Moustached Barbet 1 09:22 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 09:23 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Asian Palm-swift 2 G,S 09:33 2 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 09:34 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Rufous-cheeked 1 09:46 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 13-May NVT Moustached Barbet 2 09:52 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 10:10 1 1 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 2 F 10:13 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Crested Serpent- 2 G,S 10:16 2 2 2 2 1 eagle

PHVP 13-May NVT Maroon Oriole 1 10:20 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 10:25 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Indian Cuckoo 1 14:00 1

PHVP 13-May NVT House Swift 2 G,S 14:06 2 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 14:07 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Rufous-cheeked 1 14:10 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 14:17 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 14:57 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May NVT Red-rumped 50 F,G, 15:06 2 2 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Swallow S

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:40 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Common Green 1 15:47 1 Magpie

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:51 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 2 F 16:09 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Barred Cuckoo-Dove 2 F 16:35 2 2 2 1 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 16:50 1 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT House Swift 2 G,S 16:57 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Red-rumped 10 F,G, 17:13 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Swallow S

PHVP 13-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 17:15 2 2 2 1 1 pigeon

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May NVT Asian Palm-swift 4 G,S 17:30 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 17:47 1 1

PHVP 13-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 17:50 1 1 1 pigeon

PHVP 13-May NVT House Swift 1 G,S 17:55 2 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 06:15 1 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Common Green 1 06:17 1 Magpie

PHVP 14-May NVT Red Junglefowl 2 06:18 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Rufous-cheeked 1 06:20 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 14-May NVT Barred Cuckoo-Dove 1 F 06:35 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 06:37 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May NVT Ashy Drongo 1 F 06:55 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Moustached Barbet 2 F 06:57 1 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 07:03 2 2 2 1 pigeon

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 07:10 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT White-rumped Munia 1 F 07:20 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Blue-winged Minla 1 F 07:24 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Lesser Racquet- 2 F 07:34 1 1 tailed Drongo

PHVP 14-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 2 F 07:55 2 1 pigeon

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 07:59 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Red-rumped 5 G,S 08:01 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 Swallow

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 08:24 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 08:35 1 1 pigeon

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 08:37 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:40 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 09:00 1 1 pigeon

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 09:30 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black-crested Bulbul 1 F 09:36 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black-crested Bulbul 1 F 10:24 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 10:26 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Indian Cuckoo 1 10:40 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental White-eye 2 F 10:46 1 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 10:46 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Indian Cuckoo 1 F 11:07 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Wedge-tailed Green- 1 F 14:47 1 1 pigeon

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 14:51 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental White-eye 2 F 15:03 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 15:07 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:20 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Himalayan Swiftlet 1 F,G 15:30 1 1 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Asian Palm-swift 1 G,S 15:31 1 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May NVT Red-rumped 10 G,S 16:15 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Swallow

PHVP 14-May NVT House Swift 4 G,S 16:24 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 16:25 2 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Himalayan Swiftlet 3 G,S 16:28 1 1 1 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 16:30 1 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Red-rumped 10 F,G, 16:40 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Swallow S

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Eagle 1 G,S 16:47 3 3 3 3 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 16:52 2 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Pacific Swift 4 G,S 17:00 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 17:10 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May NVT Red-rumped 1 G,S 17:11 2 2 2 2 1 Swallow

PHVP 14-May NVT House Swift 4 G,S 17:16 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Pacific Swift 2 G,S 17:20 2 2 2 1

PHVP 14-May NVT Red-rumped 69 F,G, 17:22 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 Swallow S

PHVP 14-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 17:41 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Oriental White-eye 3 F 06:10 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Ashy Drongo 1 F 06:20 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Bar-backed 1 06:30 1 Partridge

PHVP 15-May NVT Rufous-cheeked 1 06:31 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 15-May NVT Maroon Oriole 1 S 06:32 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May NVT Large-billed Crow 2 F 06:35 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT White-browed 1 06:35 1 Scimitar-babbler

PHVP 15-May NVT Black-throated 1 06:37 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 15-May NVT Lesser Racquet- 1 F 06:42 1 1 tailed Drongo

PHVP 15-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 F 06:47 1 1 1 pigeon

PHVP 15-May NVT Scarlet Minivet 1 F 06:48 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Moustached Barbet 3 07:12 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Indian Cuckoo 1 07:30 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 4 F 07:40 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 07:45 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May NVT White-bellied 1 F 07:57 1 1 Erpornis

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 3 F 08:07 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT White-rumped Munia 7 F 08:16 1 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Ashy Drongo 2 F 08:28 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black-crested Bulbul 2 F 08:35 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:40 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black-crested Bulbul 1 F 08:56 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 09:02 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 09:57 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 10:00 1 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May NVT White-rumped Munia 2 F 10:05 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 10:50 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Crested Serpent- 1 G,S 10:55 3 3 3 3 3 1 eagle

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Eagle 1 G,S 13:37 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Chestnut-headed 8 F,S 14:09 2 2 2 2 2 1 Bee-eater

PHVP 15-May NVT Pacific Swift 2 G,S 14:10 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1

PHVP 15-May NVT House Swift 1 F,G 14:16 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Oriental White-eye 1 F 14:25 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:00 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT House Swift 2 G,S 15:05 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May NVT Black Bulbul 2 F 15:40 1 1

PHVP 15-May NVT Red-rumped 20 G,S 15:45 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1 Swallow

PHVP 21-May NVT House Swift 2 G,S 15:33 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

PHVP 21-May NVT Silver-eared mesia 1 1

PHVP 21-May NVT House Swift 9 G,S 15:45 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 21-May NVT White-crested 1 15:55 1 Laughingthrush

PHVP 21-May NVT Black Bulbul 1 F 16:10 1 1

PHVP 21-May NVT Oriental Turtle-dove 1 F 16:12 1 1

PHVP 21-May NVT House Swift 6 G,S 16:13 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

PHVP 21-May NVT House Swift 2 G,S 17:03 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May NVT Ashy Drongo 1 F 17:10 1 1

PHVP 21-May NVT House Swift 1 G,S 17:20 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 1

PHVP 21-May NVT Mountain Imperial- 1 17:35 1 pigeon

PHVP 20-May NMT Pacific Swift 2 G,S 16:04 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 2 G,S 16:09 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 1 G,S 16:16 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT Black Bulbul 1 F 16:18 1 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 1 G,S 16:19 1 1

PHVP 20-May NMT Pacific Swift 1 G,S 16:21 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 1 G,S 16:30 2 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 3 G,S 16:34 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT Pacific Swift 1 G,S 16:35 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 5 G,S 16:41 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 13 G,S 16:45 2 1

PHVP 20-May NMT Black Drongo 1 F 16:52 1 1

PHVP 20-May NMT House Swift 9 G,S 16:59 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Black Bulbul 1 F 06:06 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Pacific Swift 1 G,S 06:22 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Moustached Barbet 2 06:24 1

PHVP 21-May NMT House Swift 4 G,S 06:43 1 2 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May NMT Black Bulbul 2 F 06:44 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Edible-nest Swiftlet 15 G,S 06:43 1 2 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Edible-nest Swiftlet 11 G,S 06:45 1 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Oriental White-eye 1 F 07:06 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Barred Cuckoo-Dove 1 F 07:08 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Black Bulbul 2 F 07:17 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Pacific Swift 16 G,S 07:18 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Scarlet Minivet 2 F 07:34 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Mountain Imperial- 2 F 07:42 2 1 pigeon

PHVP 21-May NMT Pacific Swift 8 G,S 07:58 2 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May NMT Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 07:59 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT House Swift 12 G,S 08:24 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Black Eagle 1 G,S 08:44 3 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Ashy Drongo 1 F 08:48 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Ashy Drongo 1 F 09:24 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Black Bulbul 2 F 09:30 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Himalayan Swiftlet 4 G,S 09:55 1 1 1 1 1

PHVP 21-May NMT House Swift 1 G,S 10:14 2 1

PHVP 21-May NMT Oriental Honey- 1 G,F 10:20 2 3 1 buzzard

PHVP 21-May NMT House Swift 1 G,F 10:27 2 1

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F 06:35 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 06:38 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 06:41 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black-crested Bulbul 2 07:04 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Greater Coucal 1 07:16 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Indian Cuckoo 1 07:21 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F 07:24 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Japanese White-eye 3 F 07:37 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Mountain Imperial- 2 F 07:38 2 2 pigeon

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 4 F 08:03 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 08:05 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 2 F 08:26 2 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 08:27 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 08:30 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 09:06 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 09:45 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Japanese White-eye 2 F 09:45 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Rufous-cheeked 1 10:00 1 2 Laughingthrush

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 13:42 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Moustached Barbet 1 13:51 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Silver-eared Mesia 1 F 13:56 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT House Swift 1 F,G 14:08 2 2 3 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT White-rumped Munia 2 F 14:09 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Indian Cuckoo 1 14:22 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Eagle 2 F,G 14:26 3 3 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 14:26 3 3 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Eastern Spotted 1 F 14:30 2 2 Dove

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Indian Cuckoo 1 14:39 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Wedge-tailed Green- 1 14:46 1 2 pigeon

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:00 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Barn Swallow 1 F,G 15:05 2 2 3 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 15:17 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Barn Swallow 4 F,G 15:17 2 3 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT White-rumped Munia 2 F 15:26 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Crested Serpent- 1 F,G 15:47 2 2 2 eagle

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:51 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 16:03 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Barn Swallow 13 F 16:32 3 3 2 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Moustached Barbet 1 16:49 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 2 F 16:55 2 2 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 16:55 2 2 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Greater Coucal 1 17:19 1 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Asian Palm-swift 2 F 17:24 2 3 2

PHVP 13-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 17:38 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 2 F 06:19 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 06:25 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ratchet-tailed 1 06:25 1 2 Treepie

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Moustached Barbet 1 06:25 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 06:28 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ratchet-tailed 1 F 06:40 1 2 Treepie

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Indian Cuckoo 1 F 06:46 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 2 F 06:54 2 2 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT White-browed 1 07:01 1 2 Scimitar-babbler

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 07:01 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 3 F,G 07:18 2 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 1 F 07:21 2 3 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 1 F 07:34 2 2 3 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 07:34 2 2 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Rufous-cheeked 1 07:56 1 2 Laughingthrush

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:00 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Red-headed Trogon 1 08:06 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Maroon Oriole 1 F 08:11 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:22 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Indian Cuckoo 1 08:25 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 3 F 08:30 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Drongo 2 08:51 2 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Chestnut-headed 12 F,G 09:17 1 2 2 2 2 Bee-eater

PHVP 14-May ĐQT White-rumped Munia 2 F 09:58 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Scarlet Minivet 2 F,G 10:03 1 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 10:14 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F 14:12 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F 14:21 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 3 F 15:09 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F 15:26 1 2

PHVP 14-May ĐQT Blue-bearded Bee- 1 F,G 16:04 2 1 2 eater

PHVP 14-May ĐQT House Swift 4 F, G 16:40 3 2 3 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Mountain Imperial- 2 F 05:50 2 2 2 pigeon

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 05:52 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Dark-sided 1 F 05:58 1 2 Flycatcher

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 2 F 06:03 2 2 2 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

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birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 3 F,G 06:10 2 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT White-rumped Munia 1 F 06:19 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 06:33 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT White-rumped Munia 2 06:34 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Moustached Barbet 1 06:40 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black-crested Bulbul 2 F 07:01 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Silver-eared Mesia 3 F 07:03 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Scarlet Minivet 4 G,F 07:15 1 2 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Moustached Barbet 1 07:18 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Scarlet Minivet 4 07:22 2 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May ĐQT House Swift 2 F,G 07:34 2 2 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Common Tailorbird 2 F 07:35 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 2 F 07:42 2 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Scarlet Minivet 4 F,G 07:43 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 2 F 07:58 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Red Junglefowl 1 08:03 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 S,F 08:04 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:11 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Maroon Oriole 1 08:15 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:18 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 08:33 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT White-rumped Munia 7 F 08:49 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Common Tailorbird 1 09:02 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 09:06 2 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT House Swift 4 F, G 09:21 2 2 1 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Crested Serpent- 1 09:23 1 2 eagle

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 9 F,G 10:03 2 2 2 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Indian Cuckoo 1 10:05 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Besra 1 G,F 13:47 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 14:00 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Crested Serpent- 1 G,F 14:06 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 eagle

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 14:41 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Japanese White-eye 3 F 14:56 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 5 G,F 15:37 1 2 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT House Swift 1 G,F 15:38 2 3 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Red-rumped 15 F,G 15:38 3 2 1 2 Swallow

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 2 F 15:42 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 2 F 15:51 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Japanese White-eye 3 F 16:01 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 5 F,G 16:17 1 2 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Red Junglefowl 1 16:40 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 16:42 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F,G 17:12 1 2

PHVP 15-May ĐQT Rufous-cheeked 1 17:50 1 2 Laughingthrush

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 15:36 1 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 15:53 1 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 15:58 1 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Ashy Drongo 1 F 16:13 1 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT House Swift 1 G,F 17:07 2 2 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Greater Coucal 1 17:02 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 20-May ĐQT House Swift 3 G,F 17:18 2 2 3 2 2 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Asian Palm-swift 5 F,G 17:20 1 1 2 2 2

PHVP 20-May ĐQT Asian Palm-swift 5 F,G 17:21 2 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 5 F 05:40 2 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Asian Palm-swift 3 F 05:42 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 5 F 05:54 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Eagle 1 F,G 05:55 2 2 2 3 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 2 F 06:03 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Asian Palm-swift 8 F 06:08 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 2 F 06:10 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 3 F,G 06:15 1 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Japanese White-eye 1 F 06:16 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 11 F 06:20 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Barn Swallow 4 F 06:29 2 2 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 06:27 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 2 F 06:28 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 12 F,G 06:29 2 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT House Swift 2 F 06:34 1 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Large-billed Crow 1 F 06:34 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 15 F 06:38 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 5 06:56 2 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 07:03 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Barn Swallow 12 F,G 07:09 2 2 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 2 F 07:10 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 16 F,G 07:11 1 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Asian Palm-swift 3 F 07:17 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 07:19 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 11 F,G 07:23 1 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 5 F,G 07:25 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 07:29 1 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 4 F 07:30 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 5 F 07:32 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Oriental Honey- 1 F 07:38 1 2 buzzard

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 07:42 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 20 G,F 07:53 2 3 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Drongo 2 F,S 08:00 1 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 08:06 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 33 F, G 08:09 1 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Barred Cuckoo-dove 1 F 08:22 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Oriental Honey- 1 F,G 08:40 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 buzzard

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 14 F,G 08:47 2 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 1 F 09:05 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT House Swift 3 F,G 09:13 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 2 F,G 09:16 2 3 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 1 F 09:19 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Edible-nest Swiftlet 8 F 09:23 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Red-rumped 4 F 09:26 2 1 2 Swallow

PHVP 21-May ĐQT House Swift 1 09:31 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT House Swift 4 F,G 09:53 2 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 20 F,G 10:02 2 3 2 2

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Flight Height Band (in 15 Second intervals)

mode mode

birds

15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300

VP No. Date Observers Species n Flight Time start

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Japanese White-eye 3 10:13 1 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Pacific Swift 3 F,G 10:28 1 2 3 2

PHVP 21-May ĐQT Black Bulbul 2 F 10:44 1 2

PHVP 21-May NMTAM Sooty-headed Bulbul 1 F 16:38 1 2

PHVP 21-May NMTAM Edible-nest Swiftlet 2 F 16:45 1 2

PHVP 21-May NMTAM Asian Palm-swift 1 F 17:10 2 2

PHVP 21-May NMTAM Black Bulbul 2 F 17:13 1 2 Observers: NVT = Nguyễn Văn Thắng, ĐQT = Đặng Quang Trọng, NMT = Nguyễn Minh Tâm See more detail at excel file

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

NIGHTLY BAT ACTIVITY RECORDED AT SURVEYED SITES PER PASSIVE ACOUSTIC SAMPLINGS

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

PH01 (190519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C64 (R. 1 1 2 pearsonii)

C69 (H. 2 2 scutinares)

C95 (R. 1 1 1 1 4 pusillus)

F17 1 1 2 16 2 1 9 32

F24 9 2 3 2 5 21

F30 11 1 1 1 14

F35 1 5 3 1 4 2 2 2 4 8 32

F40 63 38 43 23 23 8 30 9 4 21 33 1 296

F45 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 13

F50 36 10 17 3 8 5 8 7 2 24 2 122

F56 (Myotis 5 3 7 1 5 7 3 1 5 37 4 78 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 148 78 94 52 66 48 62 25 22 95 58 6 616

Species 10 5 7 7 7 6 6 6 8 5 6 1 11 richness

PH02 (190519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C60 (H. 1 1 armiger)

C76 (R. affinis) 46 3 1 1 1 1 53

C96 (R. 1 1 2 pusillus)

F17 1 2 7 1 5 1 3 2 1 1 24

F24 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 10

F30 24 38 3 55 1 1 20 22 52 6 222

F35 15 5 3 1 3 14 26 11 4 22 2 106

F40 7 37 37 49 15 13 2 27 2 12 1 202

F45 5 10 2 1 18

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

F50 11 1 1 22 11 46

F56 (Myotis 2 3 5 5 1 5 2 13 9 3 11 59 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 61 132 54 70 89 26 21 67 47 46 111 19 743

Species 7 7 6 8 8 7 4 4 8 9 7 3 11 richness

PH03 (200519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C76 (R. affinis) 26 4 3 25 19 1 78

C96 (R. 1 1 1 3 pusillus)

F17 5 7 7 6 4 3 2 1 3 6 44

F24 7 5 12 2 2 1 2 2 1 19 53

F30 81 13 14 8 2 8 5 1 30 1 163

F35 6 14 3 4 5 3 1 8 5 49

F40 22 6 1 2 5 3 4 4 6 8 6 67

F45 1 2 1 4

F50 18 1 9 1 29

F56 (Myotis 3 12 14 10 6 31 21 19 42 18 8 184 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 143 84 58 35 22 43 38 47 73 37 86 8 674

Species 8 8 9 7 5 6 6 4 7 6 8 3 10 richness

PH04 (200519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C96 (R. 5 1 3 16 10 3 2 40 pusillus)

C76 (R. affinis) 1 2 1 7 1 12

F24 1 2 1 3 2 3 2 14

F30 7 2 3 1 1 1 18 33

F35 8 3 1 1 1 6 6 26

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

F40 2 3 7 6 2 3 9 14 3 5 54

F45 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 9

F50 2 3 3 1 1 4 2 6 11 2 35

F56 (Myotis 1 2 8 4 2 15 2 3 7 12 2 58 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 15 21 30 13 11 20 31 35 36 37 32 0 281

Species 6 7 7 5 7 5 8 8 5 6 7 0 9 richness

PH05 (210519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C96 (R. 1 6 9 4 20 pusillus)

F17 1 1 1 1 1 5

F24 19 6 5 3 1 1 1 3 7 9 13 68

F30 21 3 2 1 1 2 1 10 41

F35 5 7 3 3 2 4 3 4 4 1 36

F40 8 5 8 4 4 5 2 1 6 43

F45 1 1 1 3 6

F50 1 1 1 3

F56 (Myotis 2 3 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 14 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 47 18 25 19 11 11 13 9 19 26 38 0 236

Species 5 5 7 6 6 6 5 4 5 7 7 0 9 richness

PH06 (210519)

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

C76 (R. affinis) 1 1 13 3 18

C96 (R. 2 1 10 3 16 pusillus)

F17 5 7 14 14 6 4 2 6 58

F24 4 3 2 2 3 14

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020 BIODIVERSITY SURVEY WET SEASON REPORT

Species 18p 19p 20p 21p 22p 23p 0a 1a 2a 3a 4a 5a su m m m m m m m m m m m m m

F30 5 14 1 20

F35 2 8 9 6 9 3 7 4 5 1 54

F40 5 1 2 1 2 11

F45 1 1 2 1 1 2 8

F50 1 1 11 13

F56 (Myotis 1 1 4 1 1 1 2 1 1 3 8 24 muricola)

Bat passes/hrs 13 10 29 26 23 18 9 25 25 18 39 1 236

Species 5 4 7 5 5 4 3 6 8 5 6 1 10 richness

Version: 1.0 Client: ERM Vietnam 7 July 2020