DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document Documentof The WorldBank FOROMCIAL USEONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 6751 Public Disclosure Authorized PROJECT.PERFORMANCEAUDIT REPORT CHAD LAKE CHAD POLDERS PROJECT (CREDIT 592-CD) Public Disclosure Authorized April 24, 1987 Public Disclosure Authorized Operations Evaluation Department This documenthas a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their officialduties. Its contents may not otherwisebe disclosedwithout World Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVALENTS CurrencyUnit CFAF 1974 (at appraisal) US$1 = CFAF 225 1976-79(estimated average of disbursements) US$1 = CFAF 230 WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 1 kilometer(km) m 0.6215 mile 1 centimeter(cm) 0.033 feet 1 hectare (ha) = 2.47 acres I metric ton = 2207 lbs 1 kilogram(kg) 2.207 lbs ABBREVIATIONS ADF or AFBF - African Development Fund CCCE - CaisseCentrale de Coop ration Economique (FrenchDevelopment Aid FundingAgency) ERR - Economic Rate of Return FAC - Fonds d'Aide et de Coop ration (French Bilateral Aid Agency) FAO/CP - CooperativeProgram between FAO and the Bank GDP - Gross DomesticProduct GMT - Grands Moulins du Tchad (MillingCorporation of Chad) GNP - Gross National Product OED - OperationsEvaluation Department PAP - Projet d'Am nagement des Polders (PoldersDevelopment Project) PCR - Project Completion Report PPAM - ProjectPerformance Audit MeF.orandum PPAR - Project Performance Audit Report PPF - Project Preparation Facility RMWA - RegionalMission in WesternAfrica SODELAC - Soci t de D veloppementdu Lac (Lake DevelopmentCorporation) USAID - United StatesAgency for InternationalDevelopment FOROFFCIAL US ONLY THE WORLD BANK Washington,D.C 20433 USSA OiMweof Detminor-Cfirwm Ope.atk4nEvaualiten April 24, 1987 MEMORANDUMTO THE EXECUTIVEDIRE(- RS AND THE PRESIDENT SUBJECT: Project PerformanceAudit Report - Chad Lake Chad Polders Project (Credit592-CD) Attached,for information,is a copy of a report entitled "Project PerformanceAudit Report - Chad Lake Chad Polders Project (Credit 592-CD)" prepared by the OperationsEvaluation Department. 4ttachment This dccument has a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their officialduties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosedwithout World Bank authorization. FOR 0MCIL USE ONLY PROJECT PERFORMANCE AUDIT REPORT CHAD LAKE CHAD POLDERS PROJECT (CREDIT 592-CD) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. Preface i .... Basic Data Sheet ........... *.. **...**f..*****.. **. ii Evaluation Summary ...... iv PROJECT PERFORMANCEAUDIT MEMORANDUM 1. Project Background ............... I Introduction ....... ........................ I Bank Activities in Chad .2............................. ... 2 Setting .. *.,****a. a **.. *..,**...* * 3 Project Formulation ........................................ Project Objectives............... * 7 1I. Project Implsmentationand Outcome .........................7 Start-up and Effectiveness ........................ 7 Project Implementation ...................................,. 8 Project Results, Outcome and Sustainability 99............... III. Findings and Issues ......................... **......,*. 10 Overview 10 Issues 10 (a) Lending Pressure 10 (b) Suspension and Supervision 11 (c) Final Disbursement and Closing 11 (d) Technical Feasibility ............ 14 Appendix: Government Comments ........... ......................... 17 PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT I. Background ............................. 25 II. Preparation and Appraisal ............ 26 ILI. Imple-nentation 29 IV. Agricultural and Economic Impact 31 V. Performance ................................... 32 VI. Special Issues - Lessons Learned ..... 33 PCR ANNEXES: 1. Key Indicators 2. Disbursements 1!a2: 11447 This document has a restrcted distribution and may be used by recipients only .n the performance of their officialduties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. PROJECTPERFORMANCE AUDIT REPORT CHAD LAXECHAD POLDERS PROJECT (CREDIT 592-CD) PREFACE This is a performanceaudit of an irrigationproject in Chad, for whicl.Credit 592-CD in the amount of US$5.0 million was approved on Novem- ber 11, 1975. The project was cofinancedby the African DevelopmentFund (ADF) for US$5.0 million equivalent, the French bilateral agency, Fonds d'Aide et de Coop ration (FAC) for TJS$2.0million equivalent,and the United StatesAgency for InternationalDevelopment (USAID) for US$1.0million. The projectwas expectedto be completedby June 30, 1979 and the credit to be closedby December31, 1980. However,the Associationsuspended creditdisbursements in May 1979 due to politicaland securityproblems which made projectimiplementation and supervisionimpossible. SubsequentIDA mis- sions concluded that resumptionof project activitieswas not viable anrL recommendedreallocation of the balanceof projectfunds to support the min- istries responsiblefor agriculturein their rehabilitationand drought- alleviationactivities. The recommendationwas approvedby tle IDA Board of ExecutiveDirectors in May 1985. The credit Closing Date was extended to June 30, 1985,but finaldisbursements were made on May 30, 1985. The audit report consists of an audit memorandumprepared by the OperationsEvaluation Department (OED) and a Project CompletionReport (PCR) dated May 31, 1985 preparedby the Western Africa ProjectsDepartment. Data collected during an IDA review mission in February 1984 wer.:.used in preparingthe PCR. The audit report is based on a review of the Appraisal Report (No. 828a-CD dated October 16, 1975), the President'sReport (No. P-1702-CDdated October 30, 1975), the Credit Agreementdated November 26, 1975 and the PCR. Project files, includingcorrespondence with the Borrower and internalBank memorandaon project issues,have been consultedand Bank staff associatedwith the projecthave been interviewed. The draft report was sent to the Governmentand cofinanciersfor commenton July 18, 1986. Commentsreceived from the Governmentof Chad have been appendedto the audit memorandum. The audit concurs with the principal findings of this PCR and shares a number of its conclusions. The points discussedin the audit memo- randum have been selectedbecause of their importancefor this and other Bank-supportedprojects. - ii - PROJECT PERFORMANCEAUDIT REPORT CHAD LAKE CHAD POLDERS PROJECT (CREDIT 592-CD) BASIC DATA SHEET KEY PROJECT DATA Appraisal Actual or Actaal as % of Estimate EstimatedActual Appraisal Estimate Total Project Cost (USe million) 13.0 8.2 631 Credit Amount (US5 million) 5.0 5.0 100t /a Cotinancing:(USS million) - African Development Fund (ADF) 5.0 n.a. - - French Aid (FAC) 2.0 n.a. - - USAID 1.0 n.a. - Date PhysicalComponents Completed 06/78 irrelevant/b - Proportionof PhysicalComponents Completed (M) 100 32 /c EconomicRate of Return (%) .. negative InastitutionalPerformance good inadequate AgronomicPerformance good inadequate Number of Beneficiaries 1,200 none STAFF INPUTS (staff weeks) PY75 FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 FY81 FY82 FY83 FY84 FY85 Total Identification/ Preparation 15.0 4.3 3.4 22.7 Apppraisal 4.7 2.5 59.9 27.7 0.4 95.2 NegotiaLions 0.2 9.9 10.1 Supervision 3.1 17.5 10.4 17.9 10.6 2.5 9.3 71.3 Total 19.7 6.8 63.3 27.9 13.4 17.5 10.4 17.9 10.6 2.5 9.3 199.3 CUMULATIVEDISBURSEMtNTS FY76 FY77 FY78 FY79 FY80 ... FY85 /d Appraisal Fstimate (US$ million) 0.4 2.0 4.0 4.4 5.0 - Actual (US$ million) 0 1.4 2.1 3.8 3.8 5.0 Actual as X of Estimate(X) 0 57 54 86 76 100 Final Disbursement May 30, 1985 MISSION DATA Date No. of Mandays Specializations Performance Types uf Mission (mo./Yr.) Persons in Field Represented/e Rating/f Trena/g Problems/h Identification (FAU/CP-RiWA) 1968 n.a. n.a. Preparation(RMWA)/i 02/72 1 2 ae Preparation (FAO/CP-R?WA)LJ 05/72 3 42 ae,i,a Preparation (FAO/CP)/k 11/72 7 3 i Appraisal/I 10/74 6 108 f,a,l,s,t,i Post appraisal/m 03/75 2 It f,i Post appraisal 06/75 3 15 f,i,l SupervisionI/n 04/76 1 4 f I I Supervisioni1 11/76/o 1 6 f I I SupervisionIll/n 07/77 1 7 f 2 2 M Supervision I V L 01/78 1 4 (+2) i (X)/ 2 2 M,F Supervision V 04-05/78 3 21 i,i,f 2 3 M,F,P/r Supervision VI/s 12/78/t 2 10 i,a 3 2 F,M,P7F SupervisionV117u 02/807V 3 IZ i,i,e 3 1 F,P SupervisionVIII 02/84 3 1 a,e,i 3 3 F,T,M SupervisionIX/w 10/84 2 n.a. a,f -/x - Total - i.i - BASIC DATASHEET OTHER PROJECT DATA Borrower Republic of Chad Executing Agency Soci t de D veloppement du Lac (SODELAC) Follow-on Project None Original Actual or Current Project Dates Plan Revisions Estimates First \ention in Files 1968 1968 Negottations/j 09/08-12/75 09/08-12/75 Board Approval 11/11/75 11/11/75 Credit Agreement Date 11/2b/75 11/26/75 Credit Effectiveness Date 02/26/76 02/26/76 Closing Date 12/31/80 0/30/85 /a US$3.8 million was disbursed against project-related activities and the balance of credit funds (US$1.2 million) were disbursed against the rehabilitation and drought-alleviation activities of the ministries responsible for agriculture. /b Project buildings and assets were deutroyed or stolen during the civil war. 7c This represents the weighted average of the physical infrastructure that was either fully or partially completed, before being destroyed. /d Project disbursements were suspended in May 1979 and credit funds uere reallocated and fully disbursed on May 30, 1985, when US$1.2 million was disbursed against other activities (see footnote /a). /a ae - agricultural economist, i - irrigation engineer, a = agronomist, f -financial analyst, 1 loan officer, a soil specialist, t - transport specialist. /f 1 - Problem-Free or Minor Problems; 2 - Moderate Problems; 3 - Major Problems. I1 Improving; 2 - Stationary;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel
    Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel $IULFD5HSRUW1 _ 'HFHPEHU 7UDQVODWLRQIURP)UHQFK +HDGTXDUWHUV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ULVLV*URXS $YHQXH/RXLVH %UXVVHOV%HOJLXP 7HO )D[ EUXVVHOV#FULVLVJURXSRUJ Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Ambivalent Relations with N’Djamena ............................................................................ 3 A. Relations between the Sahel Regions and Central Government since the 1990s ..... 3 1. Kanem ................................................................................................................... 3 2. Bahr el-Ghazal (BEG) ........................................................................................... 5 B. C0-option: A Flawed Strategy .................................................................................... 6 III. Mounting Tensions in the Region .................................................................................... 8 A. Abuses against BEG and Kanem Citizens .................................................................. 8 B. A Regional Economy in the Red ................................................................................ 9 C. Intra-religious Divides ............................................................................................... 11 IV. The
    [Show full text]
  • Euro-Arab Development the Issue in North African Troubles
    Click here for Full Issue of EIR Volume 5, Number 7, February 21, 1978 Euro-Arab Development The Issue In N. African Troubles The North African Maghreb. which includes the interest of forming a "Confederation of Maghreb nations of Morocco. Algeria. Tunisia. and Libya. remains States." No doubt modeling his strategy on that of the at the top of the agenda of development-oriented Euro­ first proponent of Maghreb unity, ailing Tunisian presi­ Arab circles who consider its political stabilization the dent Habib Bourguiba. Qaddafi offered his mediation in prerequisite for a successful economic development the Algerian-Moroccan dispute over the Spanish Sahara program for the Middle East and African continent as a and in the Ethiopian-Somali war in the Horn of Africa. whole. But at present a series of provoked conflicts - the Algeria-Morocco feud over the Spanish Sahara. the political crisis in Tunisia which threatens Libyan-Tun­ Tunisian and Libyan Rapprochement isian relations. and the reemergence of gU'errilla warfare in Chad - has turned formerly friendly nations into The impetus behind Qaddafi's sudden interest in enemy camps. Maghreb stability is the figure of Mohammed Masmou­ The exacerbation of rival tendencies and proliferation di. the former Tunisian Foreign Minister who went into of spurious guerrilla movements and border conflicts voluntary exile in 1974 when his project of Tunisian­ are not accidental. These crises are designed to thwart Libyan unification failed. Traveling between Paris. the emerging alliance between Europe and its Arab Tripoli. and other Arab capitals. Masmoudi is recognized allies who have targeted this area for a zone of peace and in international banking circles as a very astute cooperation.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Mass Media Portrayal of the African Continent: the African Perspective
    U.S. MASS MEDIA PORTRAYAL OF THE AFRICAN CONTINENT: THE AFRICAN PERSPECTIVE by Sheba Manya A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTERS OF ARTS Major Subject: Communication West Texas A&M University Canyon, Texas December 2016 ABSTRACT This thesis explores how Africans perceive their continent is portrayed by U.S. media, and what Africans think about these portrayals. Africa is a continent known in the United States and other Western nations for darkness, wars, famine and other vices. Africans were asked to describe the kinds of news stories on Africa they see reported by U.S. media, whether those representations are accurate or not, and ways they feel those misrepresentations can be corrected. The participant responses were analyzed using Walter Fisher’s narrative paradigm as the theoretical framework. An online survey was administered through Qualtrics resulting in 99 participants dropping to 68 qualitative responses. Participants argued that though Africa is faced with some negativity, there is more to the continent and its people than is portrayed, stating that the good outweighs the bad. Keywords: Africa, Africans, Perception, Portrayal, Misrepresentation, U.S. Media, Narrative Theory. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis is dedicated to my pillar, my Mum. I first and foremost want to give thanks to God Almighty, for His immense grace and favor upon my life, which will have no meaning without Him. When I made the decision to go the thesis route, I knew it was going to a challenge, but I was willing to face and overcome it. My committee members: Dr. Drumheller, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Actd 1808-1939: Description of Methods and Nomenclature
    ACTD 1808-1939: DESCRIPTION OF METHODS AND NOMENCLATURE This note provides a brief discussion of the basic methodology behind the construction of the export price indices listed in the African Commodity Trade Database (ACTD) for the years 1808-1939, discusses the representativeness of the import price index used to calculate the terms of trade, and explains the geographical reach of the French regions/areas in our sample. EXPORT PRICE INDEX To obtain an aggregate export price index for each area/colony, the country’s commodity prices were weighted using its export mix. These export weights were changed at approximately twenty-year intervals to capture long-run shifts in export composition. Country-specific export price indices were aggregated to obtain regional series. The aggregate indices were constructed using area/colony nominal export shares. These weights were also changed at twenty-year intervals to capture the shift in each area’s contribution to the value of total African exports. Methodology The basis for our price index is a basic Laspeyres price index. Equation (1) below captures the change in the aggregate price (P) of a composite basket of i goods between period 1 and the base period 0; p and q are the price and quantity of each good i respectively. 퐿 푝푖1 ⋅ 푞푖0 푝푖1 푃 = ∑ = ∑ 푠푖0 (1) 푝푖0 ⋅ 푞푖0 푝푖0 푖 푖 The fixed-weight price index is thus the ratio of the total value of goods in base period 0 measured at periods 1’s prices to the total value of goods in the base period itself. Or, alternatively, as the change in prices for good i weighted by the value share (s) of product i; where 푝푖0 ⋅ 푞푖0 푠푖0 = (2) ∑푖 푝푖0 ⋅ 푞푖0 In this Laspeyres index, only value shares for period 0 factor into the equation making it particularly sensitive to the choice of base-period.
    [Show full text]
  • AFRICA in Today's World
    AFRICA IN TODAY’S WORLD MAX COLEMAN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY ONLINE Published in 2015 in South Africa by South African History Online, 349 Albert Road, Woodstock, 7925 Cape Town (c) South African History Online All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of publishers. ISBN: 978-0-620-66045-7 Design and layout: Ian Africa and Omar Badsha Cover Design: Ian Africa and Omar Badsha Printed and bound in South Africa by Mega Digital (Pty) Ltd. CONTENTS 1. POPULATION 2. COUNTRIES 3. INSTITUTIONS 4. THE HUMAN CONDITION 5. AID 6. ENVIRONMENT 7. Natural RESOURCES 8. INFRASTRUCTURE 9. PRODUCTION 10. TRADE 11. CONSUMPTION 12. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 13. FINANCIAL SYSTEM 14. FINANCIAL Casinos 15. CORPORATES 16. ARMS TRADE & CONFLICT 17. RESERVES 18. CONCLUSION 978-0-620-66045-7 DETAILED CONTENTS PAGES 1 POPULATION 11 1.1 Statistics (Historical, Current, Regional, Country) 1.2 Profiles (Density, Urban, Sex, Age, Ethnic, Language, Religion, Labour Force) 1.3 Movement (Migration, Refugees, Travel) 2 COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD 26 2.1 By Continents 2.2 Economic Size 2.3 Economic Development 2.4 Colonisation 2.5 Groupings (Unions, Associations) 3 GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS 42 3.1 United Nations System 3.2 Intergovernmental 3.3 Sectoral 4 HUMAN CONDITION 53 4.1 Human Development Index 4.2 Millennium Development Goals 4.3 Quality of Life Criteria A. Human Survival Life Expectancy, Employment, Income, Food Security, Healthcare, Shelter, Basic
    [Show full text]
  • Chad Between Ambition and Fragility.Docx
    Chad: Between Ambition and Fragility Africa Report N°233 | 30 March 2016 Translation from French International Crisis Group Headquarters Avenue Louise 149 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Linchpin in the Fight Against Terrorism ......................................................................... 3 A. Subregional Policeman .............................................................................................. 3 1. At the heart of a conflict-ridden region ................................................................ 3 2. Renewed military interventionism and its limits ................................................ 5 B. The Advantages of Military Diplomacy for the Regime ............................................ 8 III. An Illusory Stability .......................................................................................................... 10 A. The Economic and Budgetary Crisis: A Great Leap Backwards ................................ 10 1. Strangling a landlocked economy ........................................................................ 11 2. Repercussions of the oil shock ............................................................................. 14 3. From social
    [Show full text]
  • Jocas Hansen.Pdf (599.9Kb)
    Hansen, K.F. (2013). A democratic dictator's success: how Chad's President Deby defeated the military opposition in three years (2008– 2011). Journal of Contemporary African Studies , 31(4), pp. 583-599 Link to published article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2013.840974 (Access to content may be restricted) UiS Brage http://brage.bibsys.no/uis/ This version is made available in accordance with publisher policies. It is the author’s last version of the article after peer-review, usually referred to as post- print. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. A democratic dictator’s success: how Chad’s President Deby defeated the military opposition in three years (2008–2011) Ketil Fred Hansen This article focuses on how President Deby re-gained power after a nearly successful coup d'état against him in February 2008. The analysis points towards one major external reason for success and a divided internal strategy. The international community's little interest in Chad and the desire for political stability among the few interested states are the main external reasons for Deby's success. Internally, Deby's use of violence and co-optation explain his success. Deby defeated the Chadian military opposition by combining co- optation of adversaries in Chad's patrimonial marketplace. Keywords: Chad; democracy; conflict; Deby; Coup d’Etat Je préfère mourir au Tchad que de partir en exil1 Early on Saturday morning, 2 February 2008, soldiers from three rebel movements entered N’Djamena together. They had driven from Eastern Sudan, crossing the Chadian frontier on 28 January in a column of 250–300 vehicles, each carrying between 10 and 15 men.2 Within few hours, approximately 3000 rebel soldiers had taken control of large parts of the Chadian capital.
    [Show full text]
  • PROLONGED WARS a Post-Nuclear Challenge
    PROLONGED WARS A Post-Nuclear Challenge Edited by Karl P. Magyar, PhD Constantine P. Danopoulos, PhD Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Prolonged wars: the post-nuclear challenge / editors, Karl P. Magyar, Constantine P. Danopoulos. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Prolonged war. 2. Protracted conflicts (Military science) 3. Africa—History, Military. 4. Asia—History, Military. 5. World politics—1945– I. Magyar, K. P. (Karl P.) II. Danopoulos, Constantine P. (Constantine Panos) U243.P76 1994 355+.027+09045—dc20 94-32131 CIP ISBN 1-58566-056-6 First Printing October 1994 Second Printing July 2001 Disclaimer This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the United States government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared for public release. ii Contents Page DISCLAIMER . ii PREFACE . v ABOUT THE CONTRIBUTORS . ix Essays Introduction: The Protraction and Prolongation of Wars . 1 Karl P. Magyar Iran-Iraq: Protracted Conflict, Prolonged War . 17 M. A. Shahriar Shirkhani and Constantine P. Danopoulos The Longevity of the Lebanese Civil War . 41 As’ad AbuKhalil The Arab-Israeli Wars: A Conflict of Strategic Attrition . 67 Stewart Reiser Prolonged Conflict in the Sudan . 99 Ann Mosely Lesch Fire in the Horn: Prolonged War in Ethiopia and Eritrea . 131 Cobie Harris Chad: The Apparent Permanence of Ethno-Regional Conflict .
    [Show full text]
  • The Failure of Cotton Imperialism in Africa: Did Agricultural Seasonality Undermine Colonial Exports?
    The failure of cotton imperialism in Africa: Did agricultural seasonality undermine colonial exports? African Economic History Working Paper Series No. 59/2020 Michiel de Haas, Wageningen University [email protected] ISBN 978-91-981477-9-7 AEHN working papers are circulated for discussion and comment purposes. The papers have not been peer reviewed, but published at the discretion of the AEHN board. The African Economic History Network is funded by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, Sweden 1 The failure of cotton imperialism in Africa: Did agricultural seasonality undermine colonial exports? Michiel de Haas1 Wageningen University [email protected] Abstract: European colonizers sought to extract cotton from sub-Saharan Africa. However, while some African farmers generated substantial cotton output, most others did not. I revisit a thesis proposed by John Tosh (1980), to argue that patterns of agricultural seasonality played a crucial role in these heterogeneous outcomes. A comparison of widespread cotton adoption in British Uganda and persistent cotton failure in the French West African interior highlights the impact of rainfall seasonality on farmers’ production possibilities and subsistence risks. Ugandan output was enabled by long rainy seasons, smoothing labor requirements and allowing farmers to assess the food harvest before committing to cotton planting. These combined effects resulted in an estimated 4 to 5 times larger capacity to grow cotton alongside food crops. A belated take-off in post-colonial Francophone West Africa illustrates how the observed historical seasonality constraint was contingent on technological stagnation and thin food markets, which characterized most parts of colonial Africa. 1 I thank Thomas Bassett, Ewout Frankema, Tanik Joshipura, Elisha Renne, Paul Rhode, Marlous van Waijenburg and Pim de Zwart for valuable comments on earlier drafts, and Stefan de Jong for GIS research assistance.
    [Show full text]
  • 1.2 the Chad-Cameroon Pipeline Project 12 1.3 Corruption and Conflict 13
    CONTRACTING OUT OF HUMAN RIGHTS The Chad–Cameroon pipeline project Amnesty International CONTRACTING OUT OF HUMAN RIGHTS The Chad–Cameroon pipeline project ISBN 1 873328 62 1 £15 AI Index: POL 34/12/2005 © Amnesty International UK, September 2005 Amnesty International UK Tel +44 (0)20 7033 1500 The Human Rights Action Centre Fax +44 (0)20 7033 1503 17-25 New Inn Yard London EC2A 3EA www.amnesty.org.uk Printed on elemental chlorine free recycled paper containing 75% de-inked post-consumer waste Contents Glossary 6 Executive summary 7 1. Investment and human rights 11 1.1 State-investor agreements and human rights 11 1.2 The Chad-Cameroon pipeline project 12 1.3 Corruption and conflict 13 2. The human rights context 15 2.1 ‘Pacification’ in southern Chad 15 2.2 Pipeline critics targeted 17 3. The legal framework 18 3.1 States’ obligations under international human rights law 18 3.2 National implementation of international human rights obligations 18 3.3 The rule of law side-stepped 19 3.4 The responsibilities of companies for human rights 19 3.5 The legal foundations of the pipeline project 20 3.6 The legal regime and regulation of agreements 21 3.7 Applicable law 21 3.8 Arbitration 23 3.9 Limits on state power: an undefined limit on standards 24 3.10 The duty of the state to protect the pipeline from interference 25 4. The financial framework 26 4.1 Sources of funding 26 4.2 Capacity-building projects 26 4.3 The role of lenders 27 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Annotated Statistics on Linguistic Policies and Practices in Africa (Revised April 2004)
    Annotated statistics on linguistic policies and practices in Africa (revised April 2004) Karl E. Gadelii Preface _________________________________________________________________ 2 0. Introduction ___________________________________________________________ 2 0.1 The investigation_______________________________________________________ 2 0.2 The respondents _______________________________________________________ 4 1. General linguistic situation ________________________________________________ 5 2. Official languages_______________________________________________________ 8 2.1 Arabic as official language _______________________________________________ 9 2.2 Indo-European languages with official status ________________________________ 10 2.3 African languages with official status in sub-Saharan Africa ____________________ 11 3. Use of languages in legislation ____________________________________________ 13 4. Use of languages in the judicial system _____________________________________ 15 5. Use of languages in administration_________________________________________ 17 6. Use of languages in education ____________________________________________ 19 7. Use of languages in business _____________________________________________ 31 8. Use of languages in the media ____________________________________________ 33 9. The language situation in individual Sub-Saharan countries ______________________ 39 10. Conclusions _________________________________________________________ 44 References _____________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Beyond Françafrique the Foundation, Reorientation and Reorganisation of France’S Africa Politics Karl Sörenson
    Beyond Françafrique The foundation, reorientation and reorganisation of France’s Africa politics KARL SÖRENSON FOI, Swedish Defence Research Agency, is a mainly assignment-funded agency under the Ministry of Defence. The core activities are research, method and technology development, as well as studies conducted in the interests of Swedish defence and the safety and security of society. The organisation employs approximately 1000 personnel of whom about 800 are scientists. This makes FOI Sweden’s largest research institute. FOI gives its customers access to leading-edge expertise in a large number of fields such as security policy studies, defence and security related analyses, the assessment of various types of threat, systems for control and management of crises, protection against and management of hazardous substances, IT security and the potential offered by new sensors. FOI Swedish Defence Research Agency Phone: +46 8 55 50 30 00 www.foi.se FOI-R--2553--SE User report Defence Analysis Defence Analysis Fax: +46 8 55 50 31 00 ISSN 1650-1942 July 2008 SE-164 90 Stockholm Karl Sörenson Beyond Françafrique The foundation, reorientation and reorganisation of France’s Africa politics FOI-R--2553--SE Title Beyond Françafrique -The foundation, reorientation and reorganisation of France’s Africa politics. Rapportnr/Report no FOI-R--2553--SE Rapporttyp Användarrapport Report Type User report Månad/Month Juli/July Utgivningsår/Year 2008 Antal sidor/Pages 76 p ISSN ISSN 1650-1942 Kund/Customer Försvarsdepartementet/Ministry of Defence Forskningsområde 1. Analys av säkerhet och sårbarhet Programme area 1. Security, safety and vulnerability analysis Delområde 11 Forskning för regeringens behov Subcategory 11 Policy Support to the Government.
    [Show full text]