Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel
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Kanem Rural Development Project (Proder-K) Project Completion Report Validation
IFAD - REPUBLIC OF CHAD KANEM RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (PRODER-K) PROJECT COMPLETION REPORT VALIDATION A. Basic Data A. Basic Project Approval (US$ Actual Data m) (US$ m) Region WCA Total project costs 14.3 Country Republic of IFAD Loan and % of 13.0 90.8% Chad total Loan Number 607-TD Borrower 1.0 7.1% Type of project Rural Co-financier 1 (sub-sector) development Financing Type Loan Co-financier 2 Lending Terms1 HI Co-financier 3 Date of Approval April 2003 Co-financier 4 Date of Loan 15 May 2003 From Beneficiaries 300,000 2.1% Signature Date of 15 May 2005 From Other Sources: Effectiveness Loan Amendments None Number of beneficiaries 90,000 – 8,560 (if appropriate, specify if 100,000 direct direct or indirect) beneficiaries Loan Closure Cooperating Institution UNOPS UNOPS Extensions Country L.L. Nsimpasi Loan Closing Date 31 December 30 June Programme U. Demirag 2013 2010 Managers M. Béavogui (ad interim) A. Lhommeau Regional M. Béavogui Mid-Term Review Mentioned in None Director(s) AR, without date PCR Reviewer Ernst IFAD Loan 26.2 Schaltegger Disbursement at project (consultant) completion (%) PCR Quality Felloni Control Panel Muthoo Please provide any comment if required Sources:Presidents Report 2003, PCR 2010 B. Project Outline 1. The project, laid out for a period of eight years, covered the region of Kanem, which comprised the departments of Kanem and Bahr-El-Ghzal, both located about 300 km North of Ndjamena. It built on experience gained through the a predecessor project, the Projet de 1 According to IFAD’s Lending Policies and Criteria, there are three types of lending terms: highly concessional (HI), intermediate (I) and ordinary (O). -
Central African Republic (C.A.R.) Appears to Have Been Settled Territory of Chad
Grids & Datums CENTRAL AFRI C AN REPUBLI C by Clifford J. Mugnier, C.P., C.M.S. “The Central African Republic (C.A.R.) appears to have been settled territory of Chad. Two years later the territory of Ubangi-Shari and from at least the 7th century on by overlapping empires, including the the military territory of Chad were merged into a single territory. The Kanem-Bornou, Ouaddai, Baguirmi, and Dafour groups based in Lake colony of Ubangi-Shari - Chad was formed in 1906 with Chad under Chad and the Upper Nile. Later, various sultanates claimed present- a regional commander at Fort-Lamy subordinate to Ubangi-Shari. The day C.A.R., using the entire Oubangui region as a slave reservoir, from commissioner general of French Congo was raised to the status of a which slaves were traded north across the Sahara and to West Africa governor generalship in 1908; and by a decree of January 15, 1910, for export by European traders. Population migration in the 18th and the name of French Equatorial Africa was given to a federation of the 19th centuries brought new migrants into the area, including the Zande, three colonies (Gabon, Middle Congo, and Ubangi-Shari - Chad), each Banda, and M’Baka-Mandjia. In 1875 the Egyptian sultan Rabah of which had its own lieutenant governor. In 1914 Chad was detached governed Upper-Oubangui, which included present-day C.A.R.” (U.S. from the colony of Ubangi-Shari and made a separate territory; full Department of State Background Notes, 2012). colonial status was conferred on Chad in 1920. -
THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and Small Arms Survey by Eric G
SMALL ARMS: A REGIONAL TINDERBOX A REGIONAL ARMS: SMALL AND REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE CENTRAL Small Arms Survey By Eric G. Berman with Louisa N. Lombard Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland p +41 22 908 5777 f +41 22 732 2738 e [email protected] w www.smallarmssurvey.org THE CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND SMALL ARMS A REGIONAL TINDERBOX ‘ The Central African Republic and Small Arms is the most thorough and carefully researched G. Eric By Berman with Louisa N. Lombard report on the volume, origins, and distribution of small arms in any African state. But it goes beyond the focus on small arms. It also provides a much-needed backdrop to the complicated political convulsions that have transformed CAR into a regional tinderbox. There is no better source for anyone interested in putting the ongoing crisis in its proper context.’ —Dr René Lemarchand Emeritus Professor, University of Florida and author of The Dynamics of Violence in Central Africa ’The Central African Republic, surrounded by warring parties in Sudan, Chad, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, lies on the fault line between the international community’s commitment to disarmament and the tendency for African conflicts to draw in their neighbours. The Central African Republic and Small Arms unlocks the secrets of the breakdown of state capacity in a little-known but pivotal state in the heart of Africa. It also offers important new insight to options for policy-makers and concerned organizations to promote peace in complex situations.’ —Professor William Reno Associate Professor and Director of Graduate Studies, Department of Political Science, Northwestern University Photo: A mutineer during the military unrest of May 1996. -
Improving Prospects for a Peaceful Transition in Sudan
Improving Prospects for a Peaceful Transition in Sudan Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°143 Nairobi /Brussels, 14 January 2019 What’s new? Protests across Sudan flared up as the government cut a vital bread subsidy. Economic grievances are fuelling demands for political change, with protest- ers calling on President Omar al-Bashir, in power since 1989, to resign. Authorities have responded with violence, killing dozens and arresting many more. Why does it matter? In the past, President Bashir and his government have been able to ride out popular demonstrations. But these newest protests, demanding Bashir resign because of economic mismanagement and corruption, have spread to loyalist regions and coincide with rising discontent in his party. What should be done? Foreign governments influential in Khartoum should continue to publicly discourage violence against demonstrators, with Western pow- ers signalling that future aid and, in the U.S.’s case, sanctions relief are at stake. They should seek to improve prospects for a peaceful transition by creating incentives for Bashir to step down. I. Overview Protests engulfing Sudanese towns and cities have seen dozens killed in crackdowns by security forces and could turn bloodier still. Demonstrators express fury over sub- sidy cuts and call for President Omar al-Bashir to resign. Discontent within the ruling party, the depth of the economic crisis and the diverse makeup of protests suggest Bashir has less room to manoeuvre than before. He may survive, though likely by suppressing protests with levels of violence that would reverse his recent rapproche- ment with Western powers and deepen Sudan’s economic woes. -
Ugamunc Xxiii Au
UGAMUNC XXIII AU 1 UGAMUNC XXIII AU Image from: http://bamendaonline.net/blog/au-summit-approves-creation-of-african-monetary-fund/ 2 UGAMUNC XXIII AU Dear Delegates, Welcome to UGAMUNC XXIII and the Committee on the African Union. I am Matthew Gannon, and I will be your Chairman. I am a first-year student at UGA and originally from Valdosta, Georgia. I am pursuing a degree in Finance. This is my first year on the Model United Nations team, and first year chairing a committee. I am also President of the Mell-Lipscomb Community Council. My co-chair, Romello Robinson, is currently a 1st year student at the University of Georgia. He is a dual-major student majoring in history and political science, with a minor in philosophy. He is on the pre-law track here at UGA, and aspires to become a criminal/defense attorney. This is his first year ever doing Model United Nations. Other clubs that he is affiliated with is the Black Male Leadership Society and Georgia Dazes, as well as part of the freshmen council for the United Black Student Legal Association. Outside of university interest, he enjoys to work out at the student fitness center. While the topics discussed will not be sensitive or highly controversial, you are expected to conduct yourselves in a mature and professional manner. Do your best to represent your countries, but also understand that there is a line between role-play and prejudice. Sexism, racism, or any other breaches of decorum outside of the bounds of role-play will not be tolerated. -
Consolidated Appeal Mid-Year Review 2013+
CHAD CONSOLIDATED APPEAL MID-YEAR REVIEW 2013+ A tree provides shelter for a meeting with a community of returnees in Borota, Ouaddai Region. Pierre Peron / OCHA CHAD Consolidated Appeal Mid-Year Review 2013+ CHAD CONSOLIDATED APPEAL MID-YEAR REVIEW 2013+ Participants in 2013 Consolidated Appeal A AFFAIDS, ACTED, Action Contre la Faim, Avocats sans Frontières, C CARE International, Catholic Relief Services, COOPI, NGO Coordination Committee in Chad, CSSI E ESMS F Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations I International Medical Corps UK, Intermon Oxfam, International Organization for Migration, INTERSOS, International Aid Services J Jesuit Relief Services, JEDM, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS M MERLIN O Oxfam Great Britain, Organisation Humanitaire et Développement P Première Urgence – Aide Médicale Internationale S Solidarités International U United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, United Nations Development Programme, UNAD, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, United Nations Population Fund, United Nations Children’s Fund W World Food Programme, World Health Organization. Please note that appeals are revised regularly. The latest version of this document is available on http://unocha.org/cap. Full project details, continually updated, can be viewed, downloaded and printed from http://fts.unocha.org. CHAD CONSOLIDATED APPEAL MID-YEAR REVIEW 2013+ TABLE OF CONTENTS REFERENCE MAP ................................................................................................................................ -
Chad Poverty Assessment: Constraints to Rural Development
Report No. 16567-CD Chad Poverty Assessment: Constraints to Rural Public Disclosure Authorized Development October 21, 1997 Human Development, Group IV Atrica Region Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Documentof the World Bank Public Disclosure Authorized ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AMTT Agricultural Marketing and Technology Transfer Project AV Association Villageoise BCA Bceufs de culture attelde BEAC Banque des Etats de l'Afrique Centrale BET Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti BIEP Bureau Interminist6rieI d'Etudes et des Projets BNF Bureau National de Frdt CAER Compte Autonome d'Entretien Routier CAR Central African Republic CFA Communautd Financiere Africaine CILSS Comite Inter-etats de Lutte Contre la Sdcheresse au Sahel DCPA Direction de la Commercialisation des Produits Agricoles DD Droit de Douane DPPASA Direction de la Promotion des Produits Agricoles et de la Sdcur DSA Direction de la Statistique Agricole EU European Union FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FEWS Famine Early Warning System FIR Fonds d'Investissement Rural GDP Gross Domestic Product GNP Gross National Product INSAH Institut du Sahel IRCT Institut de Recherche sur le Coton et le Textile LVO Lettre de Voiture Obligatoire MTPT Ministare des Travaux Publics et des Transports NGO Nongovernmental Organization ONDR Office National de Developpement Rural PASET Projet d'Ajustement Sectoriel des Transports PRISAS Programme Regional de Renforcement Institationnel en matie sur la Sdcuritd Alimentaire au Sahel PST Projet Sectoriel Transport RCA Republique Centrafrcaine -
“Investigating the Causes of Civil Wars in Sub-Saharan Africa” Case Study: the Central African Republic and South Sudan
al Science tic & li P o u P b f l i o c l A a f Journal of Political Sciences & Public n f r a u i r o s J ISSN: 2332-0761 Affairs Review Article “Investigating the Causes of Civil Wars in Sub-Saharan Africa” Case Study: The Central African Republic and South Sudan Agberndifor Evaristus Department Political Science and International Relations, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey ABSTRACT Civil wars are not new and they predate the modern nation states. From the time when nations gathered in well- defined or near defined geographical locations, there has always been internal wrangling between the citizens and the state for reasons that might not be very different from place to place. However, the tensions have always mounted up such that people took to the streets first to protest and sometimes, the immaturity of the government to listen to the demands of the people radicalized them for bloodshed. This paper shall empirically examine the cause of civil wars in Sub-Saharan Africa having at the back of its thoughts that civil wars are most times associated to political, economic and ethnic incentives. This paper shall try in empirical terms using data from already established research to prove these points. Firstly, it shall explain its independent variables which apparently are some underlying causes of civil wars. Secondly, it shall consider the dense literature review of civil wars and shall look at some definitions, theories of civil wars and data presented on a series of countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Lastly, it shall isolate two countries that will make up its comparative analysis and the explanations of its dependent variable by which it shall seek to understand what caused the outbreaks of civil wars in those two countries. -
The Maban Languages and Their Place Within Nilo-Saharan
The Maban languages and their place within Nilo-Saharan DRAFT CIRCUALTED FOR DISCUSSION NOT TO BE QUOTED WITHOUT PERMISSION Roger Blench McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research University of Cambridge Department of History, University of Jos Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/ Ans (00-44)-(0)1223-560687 Mobile worldwide (00-44)-(0)7847-495590 E-mail [email protected] http://www.rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm This version: Cambridge, 10 January, 2021 The Maban languages Roger Blench Draft for comment TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................................................................i ACRONYMS AND CONVENTIONS...................................................................................................................ii 1. Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................3 2. The Maban languages .........................................................................................................................................3 2.1 Documented languages................................................................................................................................3 2.2 Locations .....................................................................................................................................................5 2.3 Existing literature -
SIPRI Yearbook 2018: Armaments, Disarmament and International
armed conflicts and peace processes 83 VI. Armed conflict in sub-Saharan Africa ian davis, florian krampe and neil melvin In 2017 there were seven active armed conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa: in Mali, Nigeria, the Central African Republic (CAR), the Democratic Repub- lic of the Congo (DRC), Ethiopia, Somalia and South Sudan.1 In addition, a number of other countries experienced post-war conflict and tension or were flashpoints for potential armed conflict, including Burundi, Cameroon, the Gambia, Kenya, Lesotho, Sudan and Zimbabwe. In Cameroon long-standing tensions within the mainly English-speaking provinces worsened in 2017 and turned violent in September, while the far north continued to be affected by the regional Islamist insurgency of Boko Haram (also known as Islamic State in West Africa).2 The symbolic declara- tion of independence by militant anglophone secessionist groups on 1 Octo- ber set the stage for further violence in Cameroon.3 The conflict is creating a growing refugee crisis, with at least 7500 people fleeing into Nigeria since 1 October. 4 In Kenya, following serious electoral violence, the year ended with major divisions and tensions between President Uhuru Kenyatta and the opposition leader, Raila Odinga.5 In Zimbabwe political tensions led to a military coup during November and the replacement of President Robert Mugabe, who has ruled the country since its independence in 1980, by his former vice-president, Emmerson Mnangagwa.6 Burundi, the Gambia, Lesotho and Sudan each hosted a multilateral peace operation in 2017.7 This section reviews developments in each of the seven active armed conflicts. -
Régions De Logone Occidental Et Logone Oriental
TCHAD - Régions de Logone occidental et Logone Oriental Pour usage humanitaire uniquement Carte de référence Date de production: 07 septembre 2018 15°30'0"E 16°0'0"E 16°30'0"E 17°0'0"E Gounou Koré Marba Kakrao Ambasglao Boudourr Oroungou Gounaye Djouman Goubou Gabrigué Tagal I Drai Mala Djoumane Disou Kom Tombouo Landou Marba Gogor Birem Dikna Goundo Nongom Goumga Zaba I Sadiki Ninga Pari N N " Baktchoro Narégé " 0 0 ' Pian Bordo ' 0 0 3 Bérem Domo Doumba 3 ° ° 9 Brem 9 Tchiré Gogor Toguior Horey Almi Zabba Djéra Kolobaye Kouma Tchindaï Poum Mbassa Kahouina Mogoy Gadigui Lassé Fégué Kidjagué Kabbia Gounougalé Bagaye Bourmaye Dougssigui Gounou Ndolo Aguia Tchilang Kouroumla Kombou Nergué Kolon Laï Batouba Monogoy Darbé Bélé Zamré Dongor Djouni Koubno Bémaye Koli Banga Ngété Tandjile Goun Nanguéré Tandjilé Dimedou Gélgou Bongor Madbo Ouest Nangom Dar Gandil Dogou Dogo Damdou Ngolo Tchapadjigué Semaïndi Layane Béré Delim Kélo Dombala Tchoua Doromo Pont-Carol Dar Manga Beyssoa Manaï I Baguidja Bormane Koussaki Berdé Tandjilé Est Guidari Tandjilé Guessa Birboti Tchagra Moussoum Gabri Ngolo Kabladé Kasélem Centre Koukwala Toki Béro Manga Barmin Marbelem Koumabodan Ter Kokro Mouroum Dono-Manga Dono Manga Nantissa Touloum Kalité Bayam Kaga Palpaye Mandoul Dalé Langué Delbian Oriental Tchagra Belimdi Kariadeboum Dilati Lao Nongara Manga Dongo Bitikim Kangnéra Tchaouen Bédélé Kakerti Kordo Nangasou Bir Madang Kemkono Moni Bébala I Malaré Bologo Bélé Koro Garmaoa Alala Bissigri Dotomadi Karangoye Dadjilé Saar-Gogne Bala Kaye Mossoum Ngambo Mossoum -
Sudan - Researched and Compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 25 June 2010
Sudan - Researched and compiled by the Refugee Documentation Centre of Ireland on 25 June 2010 Information on the treatment of those who are members or are perceived to be members of the Tunjer ethnic group by the government and/or society. Whether they are being discriminated against by the government, or by other groups in Sudan. NGOs working with and supporting these minority groups. There were limited references to the Tunjer ethnic group of Sudan among the sources available to the RDC. The only reference to be found among the sources within time constraints is a January 2009 document from the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, under the heading ‘Background and context’, which states: “The incident at Kalma IDP camp should be analysed in the context of the long-standing tension between the residents of the camp and the Government of Sudan regarding control of the camp. South Darfur governmental authorities have frequently asserted that there is a presence of political, criminal and armed movement elements within the camp. Kalma camp was established in February 2004. As one of the largest camps in Darfur, the total population of Kalma camp is estimated at approximately 80,000 individuals: the majority being from the Fur, followed by the Dajo, Zaghawa Massalit, Birgit and Tunjer tribes. The camp is one to two kilometres’ long and extends seven kilometres’ along the railway track from east to west.” (UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (23 January 2009) Eleventh periodic report of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights on the situation of human rights in the Sudan Killing and injuring of civilians on 25 August 2008 by government security forces: Kalma IDP camp, South Darfur, Sudan, p.3) No further information could be found on the Tunjer.