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The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad

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The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad Santa Clara University Scholar Commons Jesuit School of Theology Dissertations Student Scholarship 5-2020 The Contribution of the Catholic Church to Post-Civil War Conflict Resolution in Chad Rimasbé Dionbo Jean Claude Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.scu.edu/jst_dissertations Part of the Religion Commons THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH TO POST-CIVIL WAR CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN CHAD A Thesis by Rimasbé Dionbo Jean Claude presented to The Faculty of the Jesuit School of Theology of Santa Clara University in Partial Fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of the Licentiate in Sacred Theology Berkeley, California May 2020 Committee Signatures Julie Hanlon Rubio, PHD, Director Date Prof. Paul Thissen, PHD, Reader Date i Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................... i Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ v Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... vi Dedication ..................................................................................................................................... vii Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................... viii General Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 Scope and nature ............................................................................................................................. 2 Thesis Statement .............................................................................................................................. 3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 4 Significance ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter outline ............................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter one ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Seeing: Analysis of the Chadian Conflict, 1960 – 1982 ................................................................. 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Conflict Formation and Escalation ..................................................................................... 8 1.1. Conflict formation ....................................................................................................... 8 1.2. Escalation of the Conflict .......................................................................................... 11 2. Analysis of Conflict Consequences .................................................................................. 18 2.1. Human and Economic Consequences ....................................................................... 18 ii 2.2. Political Consequences ............................................................................................. 20 2.3. Worsening of North-South Divide ............................................................................ 21 2.4. Weakening of Educational Structures ....................................................................... 24 3. Attempts at a solution ....................................................................................................... 26 3.1. Diplomatic Solution .................................................................................................. 26 3.2. Cultural Solution: Chadian Cultural Revolution ....................................................... 27 3.3. Negotiations Means: Conseil Supérieur Militaire (Military Superior Council) ....... 29 3.4. Attempted Solutions by Conferences ........................................................................ 30 3.5. National Dialogue: Sovereign National Conference ................................................. 32 3.6. Supplement of the Sovereign National Conference: Al-Mouna Center’s Symposium 33 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 34 Chapter Two: Judging .................................................................................................................. 37 Catholic Church of Chad: 1979 to Present .................................................................................. 37 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 37 1. Catholic Church of Chad .................................................................................................. 38 1.1. Historical Context of The Catholic Church in Chad ................................................. 38 1.2. Analysis of Catholic Church’s Presence in Chad ..................................................... 40 2. Pastoral Activities of the Church ...................................................................................... 43 2.1. Pastoral Challenges of the Catholic Church in Chad ................................................ 44 2.2. Catholic Church’s Responses to Pastoral Challenges ............................................... 48 2.2.1. Socio-Economic Development ............................................................................. 49 iii 2.2.2. Social Justice ......................................................................................................... 51 2.2.3. Spiritual Centers and Schools ............................................................................... 54 3. Critical Analysis of the Role of the Church ...................................................................... 56 3.1. Insufficiency and Inadequacy of Pastoral Activities ................................................ 57 3.2. Hypotheses About the Discreet/Silent Presence of Catholic Church in Chad .......... 60 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 62 Chapter Three ............................................................................................................................... 64 Acting: The Catholic Church’s Responses to the Chadian Conflict ............................................. 64 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 64 1. Elements and Requirements of Reconciliation ................................................................. 65 1.1. Forgiveness ............................................................................................................... 65 1.1.1. Optimism .............................................................................................................. 67 1.1.2. Developing the Capacities of Opening to the Future ............................................ 69 1.1.2.1. Restorative Justice ........................................................................................ 69 1.1.2.2. Mercy ............................................................................................................ 73 1.1.3. Moral Injury Liberation ........................................................................................ 74 2. Reconciliation as Self Sacrifice ........................................................................................ 77 2.1. Reconciliation as a Process of Conversion ............................................................... 81 2.2. Reconciliation as a Dynamic Process ....................................................................... 83 3. Building Peace Through the Principle of Subsidiarity ..................................................... 85 3.1. Building Peace Around a Shared Chadian Identity .................................................. 85 3.2. The Usefulness of the Principle of Subsidiarity in Peacebuilding ............................ 90 iv Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 94 Chapter Four: How to Act? .......................................................................................................... 96 Suggestions for the Successful Involvement of the Catholic Church in the Chadian Conflict Resolution Process ........................................................................................................................ 96 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 96 1. Creating and Strengthening Ecclesiastical Structures ....................................................... 97 1.1. Diversifying the Training of the Clergy .................................................................... 97 1.2. Creation of Lay Training Schools ........................................................................... 103 2. The Restructuring of
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