DOCSLIB.ORG

Exile, Memory, and the Making Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Exile, Memory, and the Making Of SOULEYMANE DIALLO “The Truth about the Desert” Exile, Memory, and the Making of Communities among Malian Tuareg Refugees in Niger Souleymane Diallo · “The Truth about the Desert” Published by Modern Academic Publishing (MAP) 2018 Modern Academic Publishing (MAP) is an initiative from the University of Cologne that contributes to the digital humanities, in the field of electronic publishing. MAP is led by Prof Dr Gudrun Gersmann, Chair of Early Modern History. The MAP partners, the University of Cologne and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich (LMU), are funding the open-access publication of selected dissertations and post-doctoral monographs by humanist scholars of both universities. The main target of MAP is combining the support of highly awarded researchers at an early stage of their career with new digital formats of publishing in the humanities. www.humanities-map.net Souleymane Diallo “The Truth about the Desert” Exile, Memory, and the Making of Communities among Malian Tuareg Refugees in Niger Published by Modern Academic Publishing University of Cologne Albertus-Magnus-Platz 50923 Cologne Funded by the University of Cologne Text © Souleymane Diallo 2018 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution BY 4.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. This license allows for copying any part of the work for personal and commercial use, providing author attribution is clearly stated. Graphics, tables and figures may have different licenses. These will have been identified in the caption to relevant content. First published 2018 Accepted as a dissertation at the University of Cologne 2016 Cover image: A group of women Bellah-Iklan arriving in the refugee camp of Abala, southern Niger, 13/09/2014. Photograph: S. Diallo. Bibliographic information of the German National Library The German National Library lists the title in the German National Bibliography; to view detailed bibliographic information, visit http:/dnb.dnb.de. ISBN (Hardcover): 978-3-946198-32-1 ISBN (EPUB): 978-3-946198-33-8 ISBN (Mobi): 978-3-946198-34-5 ISBN (PDF): 978-3-946198-35-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.16994/bai Production & publishing platform provided as part of the Ubiquity Partner Network Ubiquity Press Ltd, Unit 2N, 6 Osborn Street, London, E1 6TD, United Kingdom To read the free, open access version of this book online, visit: https://doi.org/10.16994/bai or scan this QR code with your mobile device: Content Acknowledgements IX Summary XI 1. Introduction 1 2. Fieldwork conditions and research methodology 21 3. Historical background 41 4. Refugee reflections on the social conditions of exile in Niamey and Abala 59 5. The refugees in retrospect in Mali 95 6. “The true history of Azawagh” (tarekhg wan tidit n Azawagh) 123 7. Adinat wi ataf nen atarekh (those who hold the culture, history, or tradition) 151 8. Conclusion—a “critical event” 181 List of Acronyms 187 Bibliography 189 Acknowledgements My gratitude, which goes to all those who have offered me help and advice during the many stages of this study, cannot be expressed in the few following lines but I nevertheless want to mention a few. My profoundest debt is to the Malian refugees who live in Niamey and the refugee camp Abala whose situation and accounts of their lives I explore in this study. I thank them for having welcomed and accepted me among them, and for manifesting such great interest in my research. I also want to thank the personnel of LASDEL in Niamey who introduced me to many refugees there. Professor Jean Pierre Olivier de Sardan generously invited me to LASDEL and facilitated my research in Niger. He always took time to offer me insightful suggestions and encouragement during my stays in Niger. Mahamane Daouda also greatly facilitated my access to and my research in the refugee camp of Abala. The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) made this study possible through its many years of financial support. Professor Schulz enabled the com- pletion of the study through a DFG funded project based at the Department of Cultural and Social Anthropology of the University of Cologne. Alhousseny Coulibaly from Kidal filled me in on many details about the historical and social setting and issues discussed in this book. I am grateful to several friends and colleagues in Cologne, among them Carolin Maevis, Manon Diederich, Matian van Soest, Simone Pfeifer, Dr Patrick Desplat, and Giulia Gonzales in England for their encouragement and support, critical insights, and helpful suggestions during the period of time I worked on the dis- sertation. Manon Diederich gave valuable comments on earlier ruminations of the thesis, and Carolin Maevis and Giulia Gonzales commented on the entire pre- liminary version of the thesis with care and great thoughtfulness. Simone Pfeifer offered helpful suggestions on the first three first chapters, Matian van Soest on chapters 2 and 4, and Dr Patrick Desplat on chapter 4. Carolin, Manon, and Anna Krämer also helped me with formatting the final version of the dissertation. I am also grateful to Janine T Murphy, Susan Aurich, Professor Peter Ian Craw- ford, and Professor Dorothea Schulz for helping with language editing. To my supervisor, Professor Dorothea Schulz, I would like to express my end- less appreciation and respect for her guidance, fine ways of thinking and ques- tioning, and above all, the interest and confidence she placed in this project. Her influence on this work has been profound. My family, relatives, several friends in Mali, and Kaya’s family in Niamey gave me great emotional support and a sense of connectedness during the entire time of conducting the research for and writing of this study. I hope I could respond to at least some of the hopes and expectations they placed on me while doing so. Cologne, April 2017 Souleymane Diallo Summary This publication examines the diasporic living conditions and their effects on Tuareg refugees’ self-understandings, changing socio-political hierarchies, cul- tural practices and religious identity formations in Niger. It focuses, in particular, on male refugees’s responses to the loss in social status and respectability induced by adverse conditions of exile. Unlike most others, it is not a study of a Tuareg polity with a traditional emphasis on the nobility, whose loss in power, and status, and alterations in nomadic and semi-nomadic life style in the course of twentieth century due to droughts, and famine induced exile, and the persecution or sim- ple neglect of northern populations by the Malian central state have been docu- mented by scholars over the past decades. Instead, this book offers an ethnography of two Tuareg groups of inferior social status, and examines arguments and social practices by which the two refugees groups in Niger redefine themselves as two social collectivities in response to their living conditions in exile. It argues that by presenting themselves as collectives, the refugees groups redefine their inferior social status in the Tuareg society left back home in northern Mali. One protagonist group is composed of free-born non-noble, white or red Tuareg, who fled Mali to settle in urban Niamey between 1963 and 2012. The sec- ond group of refugees comprises the unfree Bellah-Iklan who came from Menaka region and live since 2012 with several other non-Bellah-Iklan refugees in Abala, southern Niger, in a refugee camp administered by the UNHCR. In spite of sig- nificant differences between the situation in Niamey and Abala, in both settings, a situation of material deprivation and rampant structural or enforced unemploy- ment, and experiences of being treated with hostility or arrogance, as foreign, dependent and supplicant undermine male refugees’ sense of dignity, male honor and respectability, fuel intergenerational struggles over economic and moral re- sponsabilities and obligations, and intra-marital conflicts. These conditions prompt the refugees with vassal social status background to imagine all white free-born Tuareg as a homogenous social collective, “a Tuareg people”, and through this, the informants in urban Niamey seek to become equal to the noble groups at the top of the social structure by blurring intra vassal cleav- ages and variations between free-nobles and the nobility. In their part, the unfree born, Bellah-Iklan refer to their living conditions in Abala, common history of servitude, and subjection, their racial and also their religious identity as well as marginalization within the Malian nation-state, as reasons to renounce member- ship in the Tuareg ethnic group, and to claim a common identity as “Black people of the desert” in the exile situation. Through this claim, the Bellah-Iklan reflex- ively downplay intra-Bellah-Iklan cleavages and redefine themselves as morally superior and the powerful group in relation to the free white Tuareg, implying a significant inversion of power vectors between the former Tuareg masters and the former slaves. X Summary While this book analyses in fine detail these refugees’ arguments in several chapters, one chapter examines how both groups of informants define their mem- bership of the social collective they express attachment through daily practices. In Niamey, these daily practices consist of visiting each other, listening to Tuareg music by Tinariwen, speaking Tamasheq, their language back home, clothing, through endogamy, mutual solidarity, and the desire to return back home in the future. In Abala, the Bellah-Iklan express their membership to the social col-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 'Qui C'est Ce Monsieur Mali Qui Remplace Les Francais?' Analyzing the Kel Tamasheq Conflict of Mali from the Perspective
    Nijmegen School of Management, Radboud University Nijmegen MSc Human Geography, specialisation: Conflicts, Territories and Identities Supervised by Dr. Henk van Houtum ‘Qui c’est ce monsieur Mali qui remplace les Francais?’ Analyzing the Kel Tamasheq conflict of Mali from the perspective of identity Ieteke Elze Schouten [email protected] Amsterdam, August 2010 OI VA VOI1,2 Hora It's all about identity Construction of a family Of difference and simile What I give you and you give me It's all about identity This tribal sense of dignity Of tolerance and unity Of prejudice and bigotry It's all about identity A web of who we'd like to be Let's cut and paste our memory A dark and timeless industry It's all about identity A strength and solidarity A dazed, confused desire to find A place and time in history It's all about identity Or how the sheer majority Impose a predetermined badge And wait to judge you silently It's all about identity A retrospective odyssey But where I live and who I meet Are stronger in defining me From the album: Laughter Through Tears (2003) 1 Saint Girons, 2008:27 2 Oi Va Voi is a Klezmer/dance band influenced by folk music from eastern Europe. The band originates from London and most of the members have a Jewish background. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS When writing the acknowledgements, I cannot help to ponder over the fact that I am so grateful that this work is now completed. The patience the people close to me have showed was unending.
    [Show full text]
  • Living the Legacy of Slavery Between Discourse and Reality
    Cahiers d’études africaines 179-180 | 2005 Esclavage moderne ou modernité de l’esclavage ? Living the Legacy of Slavery Between Discourse and Reality E. Ann McDougall Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/etudesafricaines/15068 DOI : 10.4000/etudesafricaines.15068 ISSN : 1777-5353 Éditeur Éditions de l’EHESS Édition imprimée Date de publication : 19 décembre 2005 Pagination : 957-986 ISBN : 978-2-7132-2049-4 ISSN : 0008-0055 Référence électronique E. Ann McDougall, « Living the Legacy of Slavery », Cahiers d’études africaines [En ligne], 179-180 | 2005, mis en ligne le 01 janvier 2007, consulté le 16 juin 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ etudesafricaines/15068 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/etudesafricaines.15068 © Cahiers d’Études africaines Cet article est disponible en ligne à l’adresse : http://www.cairn.info/article.php?ID_REVUE=CEA&ID_NUMPUBLIE=CEA_179&ID_ARTICLE=CEA_179_0957 Living the Legacy of Slavery. Between Discourse and Reality par E. Ann MCDOUGALL | Editions de l’EHESS | Cahiers d’études africaines 2005/3-4 - 179 ISSN 0008-0055 | ISBN 2713220491 | pages 957 à 986 Pour citer cet article : — McDougall E., Living the Legacy of Slavery. Between Discourse and Reality, Cahiers d’études africaines 2005/3-4, 179, p. 957-986. Distribution électronique Cairn pour Editions de l’EHESS . © Editions de l’EHESS . Tous droits réservés pour tous pays. La reproduction ou représentation de cet article, notamment par photocopie, n'est autorisée que dans les limites des conditions générales d'utilisation du site ou, le cas échéant, des conditions générales de la licence souscrite par votre établissement. Toute autre reproduction ou représentation, en tout ou partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manière que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord préalable et écrit de l'éditeur, en dehors des cas prévus par la législation en vigueur en France.
    [Show full text]
  • Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger a Dissertation Submitted
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology by Eric James Schmidt 2018 © Copyright by Eric James Schmidt 2018 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Rhythms of Value: Tuareg Music and Capitalist Reckonings in Niger by Eric James Schmidt Doctor of Philosophy in Ethnomusicology University of California, Los Angeles, 2018 Professor Timothy D. Taylor, Chair This dissertation examines how Tuareg people in Niger use music to reckon with their increasing but incomplete entanglement in global neoliberal capitalism. I argue that a variety of social actors—Tuareg musicians, fans, festival organizers, and government officials, as well as music producers from Europe and North America—have come to regard Tuareg music as a resource by which to realize economic, political, and other social ambitions. Such treatment of culture-as-resource is intimately linked to the global expansion of neoliberal capitalism, which has led individual and collective subjects around the world to take on a more entrepreneurial nature by exploiting representations of their identities for a variety of ends. While Tuareg collective identity has strongly been tied to an economy of pastoralism and caravan trade, the contemporary moment demands a reimagining of what it means to be, and to survive as, Tuareg. Since the 1970s, cycles of drought, entrenched poverty, and periodic conflicts have pushed more and more Tuaregs to pursue wage labor in cities across northwestern Africa or to work as trans- ii Saharan smugglers; meanwhile, tourism expanded from the 1980s into one of the region’s biggest industries by drawing on pastoralist skills while capitalizing on strategic essentialisms of Tuareg culture and identity.
    [Show full text]
  • Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: an Historical Analysis, 1804-1960
    Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: An Historical Analysis, 1804-1960 by Kari Bergstrom Michigan State University Winner of the Rita S. Gallin Award for the Best Graduate Student Paper in Women and International Development Working Paper #276 October 2002 Abstract This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multivocal Analysis of the 2012 Political Crisis in the Divided
    One hippopotamus and eight blind analysts: a multivocal analysis of the 2012 political crisis in the divided Republic of Mali Baz Lecocq, Gregory Mann, Bruce Whitehouse, Dida Badi, Lotte Pelckmans, Nadia Belalimat, Bruce Hall, Wolfram Lacher To cite this version: Baz Lecocq, Gregory Mann, Bruce Whitehouse, Dida Badi, Lotte Pelckmans, et al.. One hippopota- mus and eight blind analysts: a multivocal analysis of the 2012 political crisis in the divided Republic of Mali. Review of African Political Economy, Taylor & Francis (Routledge), 2013, 40, pp.343 - 357. 10.1080/03056244.2013.799063. halshs-01395536 HAL Id: halshs-01395536 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01395536 Submitted on 10 Nov 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. One Hippopotamus and Eight Blind Analysts: A multivocal analysis of the 2012 political crisis in the divided Republic of Mali Extended Editors Cut* Baz Lecocq, Gregory Mann, Bruce Whitehouse, Dida Badi, Lotte Pelckmans, Nadia Belalimat, Bruce Hall, Wolfram Lacher∗ I. Introduction In 2012, the political landscape in the Republic of Mali transformed rapidly, drastically, and unpredictably. The formation of a new Tuareg political movement—the National Movement of Azawad—in October 2010 and the return to Mali of Tuareg with military experience from the Libyan conflict in August 2011—bringing along heavy weapons and logistical supplies— made speculation on renewed violence on the part of separatist Tuareg inevitable.
    [Show full text]
  • First Detection of the West Nile Virus Koutango Lineage in Sandflies In
    pathogens Article First Detection of the West Nile Virus Koutango Lineage in Sandflies in Niger Gamou Fall 1,* , Diawo Diallo 2 , Hadiza Soumaila 3,4, El Hadji Ndiaye 2 , Adamou Lagare 5, Bacary Djilocalisse Sadio 1, Marie Henriette Dior Ndione 1, Michael Wiley 6,7 , Moussa Dia 1, Mamadou Diop 8, Arame Ba 1, Fati Sidikou 5, Bienvenu Baruani Ngoy 9, Oumar Faye 1, Jean Testa 5, Cheikh Loucoubar 8 , Amadou Alpha Sall 1, Mawlouth Diallo 2 and Ousmane Faye 1 1 Pole of Virology, WHO Collaborating Center For Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Virus, Institut Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; [email protected] (B.D.S.); [email protected] (M.H.D.N.); [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (A.B.); [email protected] (O.F.); [email protected] (A.A.S.); [email protected] (O.F.) 2 Citation: Fall, G.; Diallo, D.; Pole of Zoology, Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Dakar BP 220, Senegal; Soumaila, H.; Ndiaye, E.H.; Lagare, [email protected] (D.D.); [email protected] (E.H.N.); [email protected] (M.D.) 3 A.; Sadio, B.D.; Ndione, M.H.D.; Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Ministère de la Santé Publique du Niger, Niamey BP 623, Niger; [email protected] Wiley, M.; Dia, M.; Diop, M.; et al. 4 PMI Vector Link Project, Niamey BP 11051, Niger First Detection of the West Nile Virus 5 Centre de Recherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Niamey BP 10887, Niger; [email protected] (A.L.); Koutango Lineage in Sandflies in [email protected] (F.S.); [email protected] (J.T.) Niger.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Economic Evaluation of Odobola, Ogodo Feldspar Mineral Deposit, Ajaokuta Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria
    Earth Science Research; Vol. 2, No. 1; 2013 ISSN 1927-0542 E-ISSN 1927-0550 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Geology and Economic Evaluation of Odobola, Ogodo Feldspar Mineral Deposit, Ajaokuta Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria Ako Thomas Agbor1 & Onoduku Usman Shehu1 1 Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria Correspondence: Ako Thomas Agbor, Department of Geology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria. Tel: 234-806-757-3526. E-mail: [email protected] Received: July 27, 2012 Accepted: August 10, 2012 Online Published: September 6, 2012 doi:10.5539/esr.v2n1p52 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v2n1p52 Abstract The Odobola, Ogodo area is part of the basement complex of Nigeria and is underlain mainly by schists and intrusive granitic and pegmatitic rocks along with sediments weathered from these rocks. The granitic and pegmatitic intrusives are source of feldspar with a significant K2O component (k-feldspar). A study of the area reveals the occurrence of feldspar deposit hosted by granitic and pegmatitic intrusives. Geochemical data for the feldspar samples show average Si2O, Al2O, K2O, Na2O, CaO, Fe2O3, MgO and TiO2 contents of 65.81wt%, 16.67wt%, 10.67wt%, 5.83wt%, 0.02wt%, 0.26wt%, 0.5wt% and < 0.001wt% respectively while mineralogical results reveals average anorthite, orthoclase and albite contents of 0.42%, 85.40% and 14.06% respectively. The results of the analyses compared with those of the British international Standard (BIS) shows that the feldspar deposit can be used in industries such as glass, ceramic tiles, sanitary wares and insulators.
    [Show full text]
  • The Status Quo Defied the Legitimacy of Traditional Authorities in Areas of Limited Statehood in Mali, Niger and Libya
    The Status Quo Defied The legitimacy of traditional authorities in areas of limited statehood in Mali, Niger and Libya Fransje Molenaar Jonathan Tossell Anna Schmauder CRU Report Rahmane Idrissa Rida Lyammouri The Status Quo Defied The legitimacy of traditional authorities in areas of limited statehood in Mali, Niger and Libya Fransje Molenaar Jonathan Tossell Anna Schmauder Rahmane Idrissa Rida Lyammouri CRU Report September 2019 supported by NWO-WOTRO September 2019 © Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’. Cover photo: Djermakoye Amadou Seyni Magagi, Harikanassou, Boboye, Niger Chef traditionnele du Kanton de Kiota, Harikanassou, Boboye, Niger © Alfred Weidinger | All Rights Reserved Unauthorized use of any materials violates copyright, trademark and / or other laws. Should a user download material from the website or any other source related to the Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’, or the Clingendael Institute, for personal or non-commercial use, the user must retain all copyright, trademark or other similar notices contained in the original material or on any copies of this material. Material on the website of the Clingendael Institute may be reproduced or publicly displayed, distributed or used for any public and non-commercial purposes, but only by mentioning the Clingendael Institute as its source. Permission is required to use the logo of the Clingendael Institute. This can be obtained by contacting the Communication desk of the Clingendael Institute ([email protected]). The following web link activities are prohibited by the Clingendael Institute and may present trademark and copyright infringement issues: links that involve unauthorized use of our logo, framing, inline links, or metatags, as well as hyperlinks or a form of link disguising the URL.
    [Show full text]
  • LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER
    Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER Downloadable Country Booklet DL. 2.5 (Ve 1.2) Dissemination level: PU Let4Cap Grant Contract no.: HOME/ 2015/ISFP/AG/LETX/8753 Start date: 01/11/2016 Duration: 33 months Dissemination Level PU: Public X PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission) RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission) Revision history Rev. Date Author Notes 1.0 20/03/2018 SSSA Overall structure and first draft 1.1 06/05/2018 SSSA Second version after internal feedback among SSSA staff 1.2 09/05/2018 SSSA Final version version before feedback from partners LET4CAP_WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable_2.5 VER1.2 WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable Deliverable 2.5 Downloadable country booklets VER V. 1 . 2 2 NIGER Country Information Package 3 This Country Information Package has been prepared by Eric REPETTO and Claudia KNERING, under the scientific supervision of Professor Andrea de GUTTRY and Dr. Annalisa CRETA. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy www.santannapisa.it LET4CAP, co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union, aims to contribute to more consistent and efficient assistance in law enforcement capacity building to third countries. The Project consists in the design and provision of training interventions drawn on the experience of the partners and fine-tuned after a piloting and consolidation phase. © 2018 by LET4CAP All rights reserved. 4 Table of contents 1. Country Profile 1.1Country in Brief 1.2Modern and Contemporary History of Niger 1.3 Geography 1.4Territorial and Administrative Units 1.5 Population 1.6Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion 1.7Health 1.8Education and Literacy 1.9Country Economy 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Document De Reference
    14APR201007404224 Societ´ e´ anonyme a` conseil de surveillance et directoire Au capital social de 10 254 060 euros Siege` social : 18, rue Troyon 92 316 Sevres` 552 056 152 R.C.S. Nanterre DOCUMENT DE REFERENCE VALANT RAPPORT FINANCIER ANNUEL 18MAY200511402118 En application de son Reglement` gen´ eral´ et notamment de l’article 212-13, l’Autorite´ des marches´ financiers a enregistre´ le present´ document de ref´ erence´ le 13 avril 2010 sous le numero´ R.10-020. Ce document ne peut etreˆ utilise´ a` l’appui d’une operation´ financiere` que s’il est complet´ e´ par une note d’operation´ visee´ par l’Autorite´ des marches´ financiers. Il a et´ e´ etabli´ par l’emetteur´ et engage la responsabilite´ de ses signataires. L’enregistrement, conformement´ aux dispositions de l’article L.621-8-1-I du code monetaire´ et financier, a et´ e´ effectue´ apres` que l’AMF a verifi´ e´ « si le document est complet et comprehensible,´ et si les informations qu’il contient sont coherentes´ ». Il n’implique pas l’authentification par l’AMF des el´ ements´ comptables et financiers present´ es.´ Des exemplaires du present´ document de ref´ erence´ sont disponibles sans frais au siege` social de CFAO, 18, rue Troyon, 92316 Sevres` – France. Le document de ref´ erence´ peut egalement´ etreˆ consulte´ sur les sites internet de CFAO (www.cfaogroup.com) et de l’Autorite´ des marches´ financiers (www.amf-france.org). REMARQUES GENERALES Le present´ document de ref´ erence´ est egalement´ constitutif : • du rapport financier annuel devant etreˆ etabli´ et publie´ par toute societ´ e´ cotee´ dans les quatre mois de la clotureˆ de chaque exercice, conformement´ a` l’article L.451-1-2 du Code monetaire´ et financier et a` l’article 222-3 du Reglement` gen´ eral´ de l’AMF, et • du rapport de gestion annuel du Directoire de la Societ´ e´ devant etreˆ present´ e´ a` l’assemblee´ gen´ erale´ des actionnaires approuvant les comptes de chaque exercice clos, conformement´ aux articles L.225-100 et suivants du Code de commerce.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives, the Digital Turn and Governance in Africa Fabienne
    This article has been published in a revised form in History in Africa, 47. pp. 101-118. https://doi.org/10.1017/hia.2019.26 This version is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND. No commercial re-distribution or re-use allowed. Derivative works cannot be distributed. © African Studies Association 2019 Accepted version downloaded from SOAS Research Online: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/34231 Archives, the Digital Turn and Governance in Africa Fabienne Chamelot PhD candidate University of Portsmouth School of Area Studies, History, Politics and Literature Park Building King Henry I Street Portsmouth PO1 2DZ United Kingdom +44(0)7927412143 [email protected] Dr Vincent Hiribaren Senior Lecturer in Modern African History History Department King’s College London Strand London, WC2R 2LS United Kingdom 1 [email protected] Dr Marie Rodet Senior Lecturer in the History of Africa SOAS University of London School of History, Philosophies and Religion Studies 10 Thornhaugh Street Russell Square London WC1H 0XG United Kingdom +44 (0)20 7898 4606 [email protected] 2 Acknowledgments: The authors would like to thank Yann Potin, along with the scholars who kindly suggested changes to our introduction at the European Conference of African Studies (2019) and those who agreed to participate in the peer-review process. 3 This manuscript has not been previously published and is not under review for publication elsewhere. 4 Fabienne Chamelot is a PhD student at the University of Portsmouth. Her research explores the making of colonial archives in the 20th century, with French West Africa and the Indochinese Union as its specific focus.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 2011 Curriculum Vitae Susan J. Rasmussen
    1 2011 Curriculum Vitae Susan J. Rasmussen, Anthropology Areas of Research Specialization: Religion and Symbolism; Gender; Aging and Life Course; Healing and Personhood; Verbal Art and Performance; Anthropology and Human Rights; Culture Theories, in particular in relation to aesthetics and the senses; Ethnographic Analysis, in particular in relation to memory and personal narrative; African Humanities Telephone (office) (713)743-3987 Mailing Address Susan J. Rasmussen Professor of Anthropology Department of Comparative Cultural Studies and Anthropology McElhinney Hall University of Houston Houston, Texas 77204-5020 USA e-mail [email protected] fax (713)743-3798 Academic Training Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana Ph.D. in Anthropology, minor African Studies; May 1986 University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois M.A. in Social Sciences and Cross-Cultural Studies; 1973 Faculte de lettres, Universite de Dijon, Dijon, France Certificate in French language and culture; 1969 Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois B.A. in Anthropology; June, 1971 Teaching and Professional Experience University of Houston, Department of Anthropology, Houston, Texas (August, 1990-present; tenured, 1996, promoted to Full Professor 2000) Professor, Anthropology Smithsonian Institution, Department of Anthropology, NHB Stop 112, Washington, D.C. 20560 (1989-90) Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Florida, Center for African Studies and Department of Anthropology, Gainesville, Florida (1987-89) Outreach Coordinator and Visiting Professor IUPUI-Columbus,
    [Show full text]