DOCSLIB.ORG

AFRICA in Today's World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AFRICA in Today's World AFRICA IN TODAY’S WORLD MAX COLEMAN SOUTH AFRICAN HISTORY ONLINE Published in 2015 in South Africa by South African History Online, 349 Albert Road, Woodstock, 7925 Cape Town (c) South African History Online All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, stored in retrieval systems, or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission of publishers. ISBN: 978-0-620-66045-7 Design and layout: Ian Africa and Omar Badsha Cover Design: Ian Africa and Omar Badsha Printed and bound in South Africa by Mega Digital (Pty) Ltd. CONTENTS 1. POPULATION 2. COUNTRIES 3. INSTITUTIONS 4. THE HUMAN CONDITION 5. AID 6. ENVIRONMENT 7. Natural RESOURCES 8. INFRASTRUCTURE 9. PRODUCTION 10. TRADE 11. CONSUMPTION 12. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 13. FINANCIAL SYSTEM 14. FINANCIAL Casinos 15. CORPORATES 16. ARMS TRADE & CONFLICT 17. RESERVES 18. CONCLUSION 978-0-620-66045-7 DETAILED CONTENTS PAGES 1 POPULATION 11 1.1 Statistics (Historical, Current, Regional, Country) 1.2 Profiles (Density, Urban, Sex, Age, Ethnic, Language, Religion, Labour Force) 1.3 Movement (Migration, Refugees, Travel) 2 COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD 26 2.1 By Continents 2.2 Economic Size 2.3 Economic Development 2.4 Colonisation 2.5 Groupings (Unions, Associations) 3 GLOBAL INSTITUTIONS 42 3.1 United Nations System 3.2 Intergovernmental 3.3 Sectoral 4 HUMAN CONDITION 53 4.1 Human Development Index 4.2 Millennium Development Goals 4.3 Quality of Life Criteria A. Human Survival Life Expectancy, Employment, Income, Food Security, Healthcare, Shelter, Basic Amenities. B. Human Development Education, Gender Parity, Social Security, Access to Economic Activity, Social Activity Political Environment 5 AID 102 5.1 Emergency Aid 5.2 Development Aid (Grant, Loan, Debt Relief) 6 ENVIRONMENT 116 6.1 Natural Disasters 6.2 Climate Change 6.3 Pollution 6,4 MDG on Environment 7 NATURAL RESOURCES 133 7.1 Water 7.2 Land 7.3 Biological 7.4 Mineral 7.5 Marine 7.6 Atmospheric 7.7 Solar 8 INFRASTRUCTURE 152 8.1 Transportation 8.2 Energy 8.3 Water Management 8.4 Communication 8.5 Waste Management 8.6 Health & Education 8.7 Cultural, Sport & Recreation 9 PRODUCTION 172 9.1 Agriculture 9.2 Mining 9.3 Manufacturing 9.4 Services 10 TRADE 204 10.1 Organisations 10.2 Agreements 10.3 Trade Flows (Exports, Imports, Balances) 10.4 Accounting 11 CONSUMPTION 216 11.1 Categories 11.2 Statistics of Consumption 12 EcONOMIC AcTIVITY 223 12.1 Institutions 12.2 Measurement of Economic Activity 12.3 Statistics of Economic Activity 12.4 Rate of Economic Growth 12.5 Per Capita Perspective 12.6 Development Stages 13 FINANCIAL SYSTEM 233 13.1 Financial Institutions 13.2 National Budgets 13.3 Money Supply 13.4 Credit 13.5 Debt 13.6 Savings &Investment 13.7 Financial Instruments 13.8 Cross-Border Transactions 13.9 Financial Crises 14 FINANCIAL SpECULATION 264 14.1 The Players 14.2 Markets & Exchanges 14.3 Funds & Asset Management 14.4 Speculative Products 14.5 Speculative Strategies 14.6 Crises 14.7 Remedial Action 15 CORPORATES 278 15.1 Structuring & Function 15.2 Size Measurement 15.3 State-Owned Enterprises 15.4 Mergers & Acquisitions 15.5 Cross-Border Activity 16 THE MILITARY- INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX 297 16.1 The Arms Industry 16.2 Military Activity 16.3 Conflict 17 GLOBAL RESERVE SYSTEM 313 17.1 Central Banks 17.2 Related International Organisations 17.3 Reserves 17.4 Currency Exchange Rates 17.5 Sovereign Wealth Funds 17.6 Strategic Reserves 18 CONCLUSION 324 Global Challenges & Aspirations Focus on Africa After centuries of colonisation and exploitation of Africa, the continent has only quite recently regained its independence, country by country. Recognising that Africa is now claiming its place in today’s world, this project attempts to focus in each chapter on how African countries fit in and contribute to the Global picture. The Approach Care has been taken not to be judgmental, prescriptive or even tendentious, but rather to allow the facts and figures to speak for themselves and to let readers come to their own conclusions. However, relevant issues, contentious or otherwise, are frequently listed for consideration. Dedication This project is dedicated to the author’s eight grandchildren as representatives of the World’s seven billion inhabitants. What follows is their inheritance, challenges and all. 10 1.POPULATION 11 1. Population 1. POPULATION ARRANGEMENT OF THIS CHAPTER 1.1 POPULATION STATISTICS 1.2 POPULATION PROFILES 1.3 POPULATION MOVEMENT 1.1 POPULATION STATISTICS 1.1.1 HISTORICAL NUMBERS: World population at year 1 AD has been estimated at 300 million, rising gradually to 500 million at year 1500 and 790 million at year 1750. Then 1 billion at year [ 1804 2 billion at year [ 1927 [ 123 years later 3 billion at year [ 1960 [ 33 years later 4 billion at year [ 1974 [ 14 years later 5 billion at year [ 1987 [ 13 years later 6 billion at year [ 1999 [ 12 years later Population Growth Rates until 1750 were low (around 0.1% to 0.2% per annum) in a world largely dependent on subsistence agriculture and a feudal economy. The Industrial Revolution brought about significant social and economic changes with an impact on the population growth rate, which climbed to around 0.6% p.a. by the year 1900. A revolution in agricultural production methods (the so-called “Green Revolution”) and in medical advances contributed to a marked acceleration in population growth during the 20th century and the growth rate peaked at over 2.0% p.a. in 1963, before settling back to its present 1.2% p.a. (assisted by the introduction by China of a one-child policy in 1979, and also by negative growth rates in some developed countries). The numbers of deaths during Natural Disasters, Famines, Epidemics and Wars & other Conflicts that have occurred in the past will be found elsewhere. The population of Africa has grown rapidly over the past century. The population doubled in the period 1982–2009 and quadrupled from 1955–2009, according to United Nations estimates. The total population of Africa was estimated to have reached 1 billion in November 2009. 12 1. Population YearCIA Population of Africa African Development Bank (ADB) 1950 [ 230,000,000 1960 [ 287,000,000 1970 [ 368,000,000 1980 [ 483,000,000 1990 [ 635,000,000 2000 [ 811,000,000 2010 [ 1,022,000,000 1.1.2 CURRENT NUMBERS: World Population [ 6.707 billion (July 2008) [ 123 years later Births per annum [ 135 million (or 370,000 per day) Deaths per annum [ 55 million (or 150,000 per day) [ 14 years later Net Increase [ 80 million (or 220,000 per day) [ 13 years later Current Growth Rate [ 1.188% per annum (2008) [ 12 years later UPDATE: According to UN Population Division the 7 Billion mark was reached on 31st October 2011. AfricA Current Births per year [ 34, 400,000 (94,250 per day) Deaths per year [ 11, 550,000 (31,650 per day) Net annual increase [ 22,850,000 (or 62,600 daily increase) Population growth rate [ 2.30% per annum 1.1.3 PREDICTED NUMBERS: Projections based on past history and on current demographic factors suggest that the 8 billion figure will be reached in [2028], 9 Billion in [2054] and 10 billion in [2183] reflecting a declining growth rate, possibly to zero. The question of limits on the carrying-capacity of the planet will be addressed elsewhere. 13 1. Population 1.1.4 REGIONAL POPULATIONS (i) Continents: (2008) Predicted for 2050 Africa [ 973 million [ 14.5% [ 19.8% (up) Asia [ 4054 million [ 60.4% [ 59.1% Europe [ 732 million [ 10.9% [ 7.0% (down) Latin America [ 577 million [ 8.6% [ 9.1% (up) North America [ 337 million [ 5.0% [ 4.4% (down) Oceania [ 34 million [ 0.5% [ 0.5% World [ 6707 million [ 100.0% (ii) Development Regions: As at 1999, More Developed Regions | 115 million | 1.% Less Developed Regions | 4793 million | 0.2% (iii) Countries The 15 countries with the largest populations: As at Jan. 2009 Green Revolution”) and in medical advances contributed Rank Country/Territory to aPopulation marked acceleration% of World in population Population growth during the 20th century and the growth rate peaked at over 1 China 2.0%[ p.a.1,328,440,000 in 1963, before[ 19.68% settling back to its present 1.2% 2 India p.a. (assisted[ 1,143,290,000 by the introduction[ 16.94% by China of a one-child policy in 1979, and also by negative growth rates in some 3 United States [ 306,165,000 [ 4.54% developed countries). 4 Indonesia [ 239,041,541 [ 3.55% 5 Brazil [ 188,535,000 [ 2.8% 6 Pakistan [ 165,398,000 [ 2.46% 7 Bangladesh [ 155,248,111 [ 2.31% 8 Nigeria [ 147,878,145 [ 2.2% 9 Russia [ 140,336,656 [ 2.08% 10 Japan [ 127,191,468 [ 1.89% 11 Mexico [ 110,643,450 [ 1.64% 12 Philipines [ 97,109,673 [ 1.44% 14 1. Population 13 Vietnam [ 86,583,713 [ 1.29% 14 Ethopia [ 83,997,629 [ 1.25% 15 Egypt [ 82,466,628 [ 1.22% European Union [ 491,343,472 [ 7.3% [ 7.0% (down) Approximately 4.4 billion people live in these 15 countries, representing roughly two-thirds of the world’s population. [ 4.4% (down) If added together, all nations in the European Union, with 491.3 million people about 7.3% of world’s population in 2008 – would be third in the list above. [ 0.5% India, Pakistan & Bangladesh have a combined population of 1,463,936,111 (21.7%) AfricAN COUNtriES with TOP 10 POpuLAtiONS This is a list of the top 10 African countries by population, based on estimates by the United Nations Population Division, July 2012.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: an Historical Analysis, 1804-1960
    Legacies of Colonialism and Islam for Hausa Women: An Historical Analysis, 1804-1960 by Kari Bergstrom Michigan State University Winner of the Rita S. Gallin Award for the Best Graduate Student Paper in Women and International Development Working Paper #276 October 2002 Abstract This paper looks at the effects of Islamization and colonialism on women in Hausaland. Beginning with the jihad and subsequent Islamic government of ‘dan Fodio, I examine the changes impacting Hausa women in and outside of the Caliphate he established. Women inside of the Caliphate were increasingly pushed out of public life and relegated to the domestic space. Islamic law was widely established, and large-scale slave production became key to the economy of the Caliphate. In contrast, Hausa women outside of the Caliphate were better able to maintain historical positions of authority in political and religious realms. As the French and British colonized Hausaland, the partition they made corresponded roughly with those Hausas inside and outside of the Caliphate. The British colonized the Caliphate through a system of indirect rule, which reinforced many of the Caliphate’s ways of governance. The British did, however, abolish slavery and impose a new legal system, both of which had significant effects on Hausa women in Nigeria. The French colonized the northern Hausa kingdoms, which had resisted the Caliphate’s rule. Through patriarchal French colonial policies, Hausa women in Niger found they could no longer exercise the political and religious authority that they historically had held. The literature on Hausa women in Niger is considerably less well developed than it is for Hausa women in Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
    ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra,
    [Show full text]
  • Vol. 22 - Comoros
    Marubeni Research Institute 2016/09/02 Sub -Saharan Report Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the focal regions of Global Challenge 2015. These reports are by Mr. Kenshi Tsunemine, an expatriate employee working in Johannesburg with a view across the region. Vol. 22 - Comoros June 10, 2016 It was well known that Marilyn Monroe wore Chanel No. 5 perfume when she went to bed. Did you know that Chanel No. 5’s essence (essential oils) comes from the flower called ylang-ylang, which is found in the African country of Comoros? Comoros is also where the so-called “living fossils”, a rare pre-historic species of fish called coelacanths, discovered in 1938 in South Africa after having thought to be extinct, are mostly found. So this time I would like to introduce the country of Comoros, fascinating like Marilyn Monroe and a little mysterious like the coelacanths. Table 1: Comoros Country Information The Union of the Comoros is an archipelago island nation located off the coast of East Africa east of Mozambique and northwest from Madagascar. 4 main islands make up the Comoros archipelago, Grande Comore, Moheli, Anjouan and Mayotte, with Grande Comore, Moheli, and Anjouan forming the Union of Comoros and Mayotte falling under French jurisdiction as an ‘overseas department” or region. The population of the 3 islands making up the Union of the Comoros is about 800,000, while their total land area comes to 2,236 square kilometers, about the same land size as Tokyo, which makes it quite a small country. Nominal GDP is roughly $600 million, which is second from the bottom among the 45 sub-Saharan African countries, just above Sao Tome and Principe, and its population is the 5th lowest (note 1).
    [Show full text]
  • Conflict About Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
    Sentinel Vision EVT-699 Conflict about Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean 23 July 2020 Sentinel-1 CSAR SM acquired on 08 December 2014 at 15:41:52 UTC Sentinel-1 CSAR IW acquired on 24 September 2018 at 14:54:32 UTC ... Sentinel-2 MSI acquired on 30 March 2020 at 06:43:41 UTC Author(s): Sentinel Vision team, VisioTerra, France - [email protected] 2D Layerstack Keyword(s): Archipelago, national park, biodiversity, atoll, coral reef, lagoon, mangrove, fishing, oil, France, Madagascar Fig. 1 - S1 - Location of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean. 2D view Fig. 2 - S2 (14.02.2020) - Europa Island, it encompasses a lagoon and a mangrove forest. 2D view / The Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean consist of four small coral islands, an atoll, and a reef in the Indian Ocean. It is administrated by France though sovereignty over some or all of the Islands is contested by Madagascar, Mauritius, and the Comoros. None of the islands has ever had a permanent population. Fig. 3 - S1 (08.12.2014) - Europa Island at high tide. It is the southernmost island of the group. 2D view In Madagascar, the question of national sovereignty remains sensitive in public opinion. Especially when it comes to litigation with the former colonial power. The claim of the Scattered Islands is therefore the subject of a broad consensus. French side, even if the subject is more unknown, however, there has always been reluctance to give up any territory whatsoever. In a similar case, the co-management agreement of Tromelin Island with Mauritius, dated 2010, is still blocked in the National Assembly.
    [Show full text]
  • LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER
    Co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union LAW ENFORCEMENT TRAINING FOR CAPACITY BUILDING LET4CAP Law Enforcement Training for Capacity Building NIGER Downloadable Country Booklet DL. 2.5 (Ve 1.2) Dissemination level: PU Let4Cap Grant Contract no.: HOME/ 2015/ISFP/AG/LETX/8753 Start date: 01/11/2016 Duration: 33 months Dissemination Level PU: Public X PP: Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission) RE: Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission) Revision history Rev. Date Author Notes 1.0 20/03/2018 SSSA Overall structure and first draft 1.1 06/05/2018 SSSA Second version after internal feedback among SSSA staff 1.2 09/05/2018 SSSA Final version version before feedback from partners LET4CAP_WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable_2.5 VER1.2 WorkpackageNumber 2 Deliverable Deliverable 2.5 Downloadable country booklets VER V. 1 . 2 2 NIGER Country Information Package 3 This Country Information Package has been prepared by Eric REPETTO and Claudia KNERING, under the scientific supervision of Professor Andrea de GUTTRY and Dr. Annalisa CRETA. Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy www.santannapisa.it LET4CAP, co-funded by the Internal Security Fund of the European Union, aims to contribute to more consistent and efficient assistance in law enforcement capacity building to third countries. The Project consists in the design and provision of training interventions drawn on the experience of the partners and fine-tuned after a piloting and consolidation phase. © 2018 by LET4CAP All rights reserved. 4 Table of contents 1. Country Profile 1.1Country in Brief 1.2Modern and Contemporary History of Niger 1.3 Geography 1.4Territorial and Administrative Units 1.5 Population 1.6Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religion 1.7Health 1.8Education and Literacy 1.9Country Economy 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Country Coding Units
    INSTITUTE Country Coding Units v11.1 - March 2021 Copyright © University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute All rights reserved Suggested citation: Coppedge, Michael, John Gerring, Carl Henrik Knutsen, Staffan I. Lindberg, Jan Teorell, and Lisa Gastaldi. 2021. ”V-Dem Country Coding Units v11.1” Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. Funders: We are very grateful for our funders’ support over the years, which has made this ven- ture possible. To learn more about our funders, please visit: https://www.v-dem.net/en/about/ funders/ For questions: [email protected] 1 Contents Suggested citation: . .1 1 Notes 7 1.1 ”Country” . .7 2 Africa 9 2.1 Central Africa . .9 2.1.1 Cameroon (108) . .9 2.1.2 Central African Republic (71) . .9 2.1.3 Chad (109) . .9 2.1.4 Democratic Republic of the Congo (111) . .9 2.1.5 Equatorial Guinea (160) . .9 2.1.6 Gabon (116) . .9 2.1.7 Republic of the Congo (112) . 10 2.1.8 Sao Tome and Principe (196) . 10 2.2 East/Horn of Africa . 10 2.2.1 Burundi (69) . 10 2.2.2 Comoros (153) . 10 2.2.3 Djibouti (113) . 10 2.2.4 Eritrea (115) . 10 2.2.5 Ethiopia (38) . 10 2.2.6 Kenya (40) . 11 2.2.7 Malawi (87) . 11 2.2.8 Mauritius (180) . 11 2.2.9 Rwanda (129) . 11 2.2.10 Seychelles (199) . 11 2.2.11 Somalia (130) . 11 2.2.12 Somaliland (139) . 11 2.2.13 South Sudan (32) . 11 2.2.14 Sudan (33) .
    [Show full text]
  • ECFG-Niger-2020R.Pdf
    About this Guide This guide is designed to prepare you to deploy to culturally complex environments and achieve mission objectives. The fundamental information contained within will help you understand the cultural dimension of your assigned location and gain skills necessary for success. The guide consists of 2 parts: ECFG Part 1 introduces “Culture General,” the foundational knowledge you need to operate effectively in any global environment (Photos courtesy of IRIN News 2012 © Jaspreet Kindra). Niger Part 2 presents “Culture Specific” Niger, focusing on unique cultural features of Nigerien society and is designed to complement other pre- deployment training. It applies culture-general concepts to help increase your knowledge of your assigned deployment location. For further information, visit the Air Force Culture and Language Center (AFCLC) website at www.airuniversity.af.edu/AFCLC/ or contact AFCLC’s Region Team at [email protected]. Disclaimer: All text is the property of the AFCLC and may not be modified by a change in title, content, or labeling. It may be reproduced in its current format with the expressed permission of the AFCLC. All photography is provided as a courtesy of the US government, Wikimedia, and other sources as indicated. GENERAL CULTURE CULTURE PART 1 – CULTURE GENERAL What is Culture? Fundamental to all aspects of human existence, culture shapes the way humans view life and functions as a tool we use to adapt to our social and physical environments. A culture is the sum of all of the beliefs, values, behaviors, and symbols that have meaning for a society. All human beings have culture, and individuals within a culture share a general set of beliefs and values.
    [Show full text]
  • Comoros (Ngazidja, Mwali, Nzwani)
    Comoros (Ngazidja, Mwali, Nzwani) Overview: The archipelago consists of three of the four main islands in the region: Ngazidja (Grande Comore), Mwali (Moheli) and Nzwani (Anjouan). The official Swahili names of the islands are followed by the French names by which they are still widely known. Territory: Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. Coastline = 340 KM; highest point = Le Kartala 2,360 m Location: The Comoros Islands are a group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. Grande Comore (Ngazidja) is the largest island in the Comoros Union. Anjouan (Nzwani) is about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique. Latitude and Longitude: 11.67º S 43.35º E Ngazidja (Grande Comore) 12.22º S 44.43º E Nzwani (Anjouan) 12.30º S 43.73º E Mwali (Moheli) Time Zone: GMT +3 Total Land Area: 2170 EEZ: 200 Climate: Anjouan: The climate is tropical marine, with maximum temperatures ranging from 27° to 32°. The weather is warm and humid from December to April, then cooler and dry from May to November. Grande Comore: Monsoon; tropical; coast rain 2627 mm, up to 8000mm. Moheli: Monsoon; tropical; 23-27C; 730 to 1459 mm rain Natural Resources: Natural resources are in short supply and the islands' chief exports - vanilla, cloves and perfume essence - are prone to price fluctuations. ECONOMY: Total GDP: 2001 424,000,000.00 USD 2004 386,000,000.00 USD 2006 400,000,000.00 USD Per Capita GDP: 2001 710.00 USD 2004 584.00 USD 2005 600.00 USD % of GDP per Sector: Primary Secondary Tertiary 2002 40% 4% 56% % of Population Employed by Sector Primary Secondary Tertiary 1996 80% 10% 10% External Aid/Remittances: The people of the Comoros are among the poorest in Africa and are heavily dependent on foreign aid.
    [Show full text]
  • Seminario De Historia
    SEMINARIO DE HISTORIA Dpto. de Hª Social y del Pensamiento Político, UNED Dpto. de Hª del Pensamiento y de los Movimientos Sociales y Políticos, UCM Fundación José Ortega y Gasset-Gregorio Marañón Curso 2015-2016 Documento de trabajo 2015/9 BRIDLED NATIVISM? ANTI-MUSLIM PREJUDICE IN SPANISH NORTH AFRICA AND IN CATALONIA Aitana Guía (Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute) SESIÓN: JUEVES, 17 DE DICIEMBRE DE 2015, 19 H. Lugar: Aula 11 Instituto Universitario de Investigación Ortega y Gasset c/ Fortuny 53, 28010 Madrid Contacto: [email protected] DRAFT – PLEASE DO NOT QUOTE WITHOUT PERMISSION Bridled nativism? Anti-Muslim prejudice in Spanish North Africa and in Catalonia - AITANA GUIA - Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute, Florence, Italy - [email protected] Introduction The worrisome rise of xenophobia in Europe in the post-Cold War period is not in doubt any longer. If for the past couple of decades analysts considered that support for the French Front National, the Austrian Freedom Party, and people’s parties in Switzerland, Denmark, or the Netherlands was a temporary phenomenon that had reached its upper limits at around 20 percent of the electoral vote, by 2014 it is clear that populism and xenophobia are growing in all European countries and have surpassed the 20 percent electoral mark in Austria, Switzerland, United Kingdom, France, Denmark, Norway, and Hungary.1 Scholars trying to make sense of the resurgence of populism and xenophobia in Europe catalog these parties and movements as extreme-right or radical right populists.2 While I think this approach yields useful results in understanding the discourse, policies, and electoral success of xenophobic parties in Europe, it does not fully explain the widespread and growing appeal of these parties to so many Europeans.
    [Show full text]
  • Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel
    Chad: Defusing Tensions in the Sahel $IULFD5HSRUW1 _ 'HFHPEHU 7UDQVODWLRQIURP)UHQFK +HDGTXDUWHUV ,QWHUQDWLRQDO&ULVLV*URXS $YHQXH/RXLVH %UXVVHOV%HOJLXP 7HO )D[ EUXVVHOV#FULVLVJURXSRUJ Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Ambivalent Relations with N’Djamena ............................................................................ 3 A. Relations between the Sahel Regions and Central Government since the 1990s ..... 3 1. Kanem ................................................................................................................... 3 2. Bahr el-Ghazal (BEG) ........................................................................................... 5 B. C0-option: A Flawed Strategy .................................................................................... 6 III. Mounting Tensions in the Region .................................................................................... 8 A. Abuses against BEG and Kanem Citizens .................................................................. 8 B. A Regional Economy in the Red ................................................................................ 9 C. Intra-religious Divides ............................................................................................... 11 IV. The
    [Show full text]
  • 발행국명 코드 지시 Abu Dhabi → United Arab Emirates [Ts] Abu Zaby
    발행국명 코드 지시 Abu Dhabi → United Arab Emirates [ts] Abu Zaby → United Arab Emirates [ts] Aden → Yemen [ye] Aden (Protectorate) → Yemen [ye] Admiralty Islands → Papua New Guinea [pp] Aegean Islands → Greece [gr] Afars → Djibouti [ft] Afghanistan af Agalega Islands → Mauritius [mf] Agrihan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Aguijan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Ahvenanmaa → Finland [fi] Ailinglapalap Atoll → Marshall Islands [xe] Ajman → United Arab Emirates [ts] Alamagan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Aland Islands → Finland [fi] Albania aa Aldabra Islands → Seychelles [se] Algeria ae Alofi → Wallis and Futuna [wf] Alphonse Island → Seychelles [se] American Samoa as Amindivi Islands → India [ii] Amirante Isles → Seychelles [se] Amsterdam Island → Terres australes et antarctiques francaises [fs] Anatahan Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Andaman Islands → India [ii] Andorra an Anegada → British Virgin Islands [vb] Angaur Island → Palau [pw] Angola ao Anguilla am Code changed from [ai] to [am] Anjouan Island → Comoros [cq] Annobon → Equatorial Guinea [eg] Antarctica ay Antigua → Antigua and Barbuda [aq] Antigua and Barbuda aq Arab Republic of Egypt → Egypt [ua] Arab Republic of Yemen → Yemen [ye] Archipielago de Colon → Ecuador [ec] Argentina ag Armenia (Republic) ai Arno (Atoll) → Marshall Islands [xe] Arquipelago dos Bijagos → Guinea-Bissau [pg] 발행국명 코드 지시 Aruba aw Ascension Island (Atlantic Ocean) → Saint Helena [xj] Ascension Island (Micronesia) → Micronesia (Federated States) [fm] Ashanti → Ghana [gh] Ashmore and Cartier Islands ⓧ ac → Australia [at] Asuncion Island → Northern Mariana Islands [nw] Atafu Atoll → Tokelau [tl] Atauro, Ilha de → Indonesia [io] Austral Islands → French Polynesia [fp] Australia at Austria au Azerbaijan aj Azores → Portugal [po] Babelthuap Island → Palau [pw] Bahamas bf Bahrain ba Bahrein → Bahrain [ba] Baker Island → United States Misc.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts
    Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Imprint Guidelines on Dealing with Collections from Colonial Contexts Publisher: German Museums Association Contributing editors and authors: Working Group on behalf of the Board of the German Museums Association: Wiebke Ahrndt (Chair), Hans-Jörg Czech, Jonathan Fine, Larissa Förster, Michael Geißdorf, Matthias Glaubrecht, Katarina Horst, Melanie Kölling, Silke Reuther, Anja Schaluschke, Carola Thielecke, Hilke Thode-Arora, Anne Wesche, Jürgen Zimmerer External authors: Veit Didczuneit, Christoph Grunenberg Cover page: Two ancestor figures, Admiralty Islands, Papua New Guinea, about 1900, © Übersee-Museum Bremen, photo: Volker Beinhorn Editing (German Edition): Sabine Lang Editing (English Edition*): TechniText Translations Translation: Translation service of the German Federal Foreign Office Design: blum design und kommunikation GmbH, Hamburg Printing: primeline print berlin GmbH, Berlin Funded by * parts edited: Foreword, Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3, Background Information 4.4, Recommendations 5.2. Category 1 Returning museum objects © German Museums Association, Berlin, July 2018 ISBN 978-3-9819866-0-0 Content 4 Foreword – A preliminary contribution to an essential discussion 6 1. Introduction – An interdisciplinary guide to active engagement with collections from colonial contexts 9 2. Addressees and terminology 9 2.1 For whom are these guidelines intended? 9 2.2 What are historically and culturally sensitive objects? 11 2.3 What is the temporal and geographic scope of these guidelines? 11 2.4 What is meant by “colonial contexts”? 16 3. Categories of colonial contexts 16 Category 1: Objects from formal colonial rule contexts 18 Category 2: Objects from colonial contexts outside formal colonial rule 21 Category 3: Objects that reflect colonialism 23 3.1 Conclusion 23 3.2 Prioritisation when examining collections 24 4.
    [Show full text]